1
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Wang J, Zhang J, Wang J, Hu X, Ouyang L, Wang Y. Small-Molecule Modulators Targeting Toll-like Receptors for Potential Anticancer Therapeutics. J Med Chem 2023; 66:6437-6462. [PMID: 37163340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key components of the innate immune system and serve as a crucial link between innate and acquired immunity. In addition to immune function, TLRs are involved in other important pathological processes, including tumorigenesis. TLRs have dual regulatory effects on tumor immunity by activating nuclear factor κ-B signaling pathways, which induce tumor immune evasion or enhance the antitumor immune response. Therefore, TLRs have become a popular target for cancer prevention and treatment, and TLR agonists and antagonists offer considerable potential for drug development. The TLR7 agonist imiquimod (1) has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as a treatment for malignant skin cancer. Herein, the structure, signaling pathways, and function of the TLR family are summarized, and the structure-activity relationships associated with TLR selective and multitarget modulators and their potential application in tumor therapy are systematically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Wang
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Xinyue Hu
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Ouyang
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
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2
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Talukdar A, Ganguly D, Roy S, Das N, Sarkar D. Structural Evolution and Translational Potential for Agonists and Antagonists of Endosomal Toll-like Receptors. J Med Chem 2021; 64:8010-8041. [PMID: 34107682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are members of a large family of evolutionarily conserved pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which serve as key components of the innate immune system by playing a pivotal role in sensing "nonself" ligands. Endosomal TLRs (TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9) can recognize pathogen-derived nucleic acid and initiate an innate immune response because they react against both self- and non-self-origin nucleic acid molecules. Accordingly, both receptor agonists and antagonists are potentially useful in disparate clinical contexts and thus are globally sought after. Recent research has revealed that agonists and antagonists share an overlapping binding region. This Perspective highlights rational medicinal chemistry approaches to elucidate the structural attributes of small molecules capable of agonism or antagonism or of elegantly switching between the two. The structural evolution of different chemotypes can provide the framework for the future development of endosomal TLR agonists and antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Talukdar
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dipyaman Ganguly
- IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, Department of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorders, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, CN6, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700091, West Bengal, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Swarnali Roy
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Nirmal Das
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dipika Sarkar
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
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3
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Sato-Kaneko F, Yao S, Lao FS, Nan J, Shpigelman J, Cheng A, Saito T, Messer K, Pu M, Shukla NM, Cottam HB, Chan M, Molina AJ, Corr M, Hayashi T, Carson DA. Mitochondria-dependent synthetic small-molecule vaccine adjuvants for influenza virus infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2025718118. [PMID: 34078669 PMCID: PMC8201894 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2025718118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccine adjuvants enhance and prolong pathogen-specific protective immune responses. Recent reports indicate that host factors-such as aging, pregnancy, and genetic polymorphisms-influence efficacies of vaccines adjuvanted with Toll-like receptor (TLR) or known pattern-recognition receptor (PRR) agonists. Although PRR independent adjuvants (e.g., oil-in-water emulsion and saponin) are emerging, these adjuvants induce some local and systemic reactogenicity. Hence, new TLR and PRR-independent adjuvants that provide greater potency alone or in combination without compromising safety are highly desired. Previous cell-based high-throughput screenings yielded a small molecule 81 [N-(4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-ethoxybenzenesulfonamide], which enhanced lipopolysaccharide-induced NF-κB and type I interferon signaling in reporter assays. Here compound 81 activated innate immunity in primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). The innate immune activation by 81 was independent of TLRs and other PRRs and was significantly reduced in mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS)-deficient BMDCs. Compound 81 activities were mediated by mitochondrial dysfunction as mitophagy inducers and a mitochondria specific antioxidant significantly inhibited cytokine induction by 81. Both compound 81 and a derivative obtained via structure-activity relationship studies, 2F52 [N-benzyl-N-(4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-ethoxybenzenesulfonamide] modestly increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and induced the aggregation of MAVS. Neither 81 nor 2F52 injected as adjuvants caused local or systemic toxicity in mice at effective concentrations for vaccination. Furthermore, vaccination with inactivated influenza virus adjuvanted with 2F52 demonstrated protective effects in a murine lethal virus challenge study. As an unconventional and safe adjuvant that does not require known PRRs, compound 2F52 could be a useful addition to vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumi Sato-Kaneko
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0809
| | - Shiyin Yao
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0809
| | - Fitzgerald S Lao
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0809
| | - Jason Nan
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0809
| | - Jonathan Shpigelman
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0809
| | - Annette Cheng
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0809
| | - Tetsuya Saito
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0809
| | - Karen Messer
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0901
| | - Minya Pu
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0901
| | - Nikunj M Shukla
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0809
| | - Howard B Cottam
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0809
| | - Michael Chan
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0809
| | - Anthony J Molina
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0656
| | - Maripat Corr
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0656
| | - Tomoko Hayashi
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0809;
| | - Dennis A Carson
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0809;
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4
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Kaushik D, Kaur A, Petrovsky N, Salunke DB. Structural evolution of toll-like receptor 7/8 agonists from imidazoquinolines to imidazoles. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:1065-1120. [PMID: 34355178 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00031d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Several synthetic heterocyclic small molecules like imiquimod, resiquimod, CL097, CL075, bromopirone, tilorone, loxoribine and isatoribine demonstrated TLR7/8 agonistic activity and relatively modest structural changes in such molecules result in major variation in the TLR7 and/or TLR8 activity. A strict dependency of the electronic configuration of the heterocyclic system was also observed to influence the agonistic activity. In the present review, an evolution of imidazole based TLR7/8 agonist from imidazoquinoline based scaffold is delineated along with the elaboration of detailed structure activity relationship (SAR) in each chemotype. The structural and activity details of not only the active compounds but also the related inactive compounds are included to better understand the SAR. TLR7/8 agonists are emerging as promising vaccine adjuvant candidates and the present SAR and structural information will provide a road map towards the identification of more potent and appropriate candidates for further drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepender Kaushik
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University Chandigarh 160014 India
| | - Arshpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University Chandigarh 160014 India
| | - Nikolai Petrovsky
- Vaxine Pty Ltd 11 Walkley Avenue Warradale 5046 Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University Bedford Park 5042 Australia
| | - Deepak B Salunke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University Chandigarh 160014 India .,National Interdisciplinary Centre of Vaccine, Immunotherapeutics and Antimicrobials, Panjab University Chandigarh 160014 India
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5
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Patinote C, Karroum NB, Moarbess G, Cirnat N, Kassab I, Bonnet PA, Deleuze-Masquéfa C. Agonist and antagonist ligands of toll-like receptors 7 and 8: Ingenious tools for therapeutic purposes. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 193:112238. [PMID: 32203790 PMCID: PMC7173040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of the TLRs family and more precisely its functions opened a variety of gates to modulate immunological host responses. TLRs 7/8 are located in the endosomal compartment and activate a specific signaling pathway in a MyD88-dependant manner. According to their involvement into various autoimmune, inflammatory and malignant diseases, researchers have designed diverse TLRs 7/8 ligands able to boost or block the inherent signal transduction. These modulators are often small synthetic compounds and most act as agonists and to a much lesser extent as antagonists. Some of them have reached preclinical and clinical trials, and only one has been approved by the FDA and EMA, imiquimod. The key to the success of these modulators probably lies in their combination with other therapies as recently demonstrated. We gather in this review more than 360 scientific publications, reviews and patents, relating the extensive work carried out by researchers on the design of TLRs 7/8 modulators, which are classified firstly by their biological activities (agonist or antagonist) and then by their chemical structures, which total syntheses are not discussed here. This review also reports about 90 clinical cases, thereby showing the biological interest of these modulators in multiple pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Patinote
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
| | - Nour Bou Karroum
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France; Tumorigenèse et Pharmacologie Antitumorale, Lebanese University, EDST, BP 90656, Fanar Jdeideh, Lebanon
| | - Georges Moarbess
- Tumorigenèse et Pharmacologie Antitumorale, Lebanese University, EDST, BP 90656, Fanar Jdeideh, Lebanon
| | - Natalina Cirnat
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Issam Kassab
- Tumorigenèse et Pharmacologie Antitumorale, Lebanese University, EDST, BP 90656, Fanar Jdeideh, Lebanon
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6
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Bazin HG, Bess LS, Livesay MT, Li Y, Cybulski V, Miller SM, Johnson DA, Evans JT. Optimization of 8-oxoadenines with toll-like-receptor 7 and 8 activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:126984. [PMID: 32001135 PMCID: PMC7050994 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.126984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors 7 and 8 (TLR7/8) agonists are potent immunostimulants that are attracting considerable interest as vaccine adjuvants. We recently reported the synthesis of a new series of 2-O-butyl-8-oxoadenines substituted at the 9-position with various linkers and N-heterocycles, and showed that TLR7/8 selectivity, potency and cytokine induction could be modulated by varying the alkyl linker length and the N-heterocyclic ring. In the present study, we further optimized the oxoadenine scaffold by investigating the effect of different substituents at the 2-position of the oxoadenine on TLR7/8 potency/selectivity, cytokine induction and DC maturation in human PBMCs. The results show that introducing a 1-(S)-methylbutoxy group at the 2-position of the oxoadenine significantly increased potency for TLR7/8 activity, cytokine induction and DC maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène G Bazin
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, United States; Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, United States; GSK Vaccines, 553 Old Corvallis Road, Hamilton, MT 59840, United States.
| | - Laura S Bess
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, United States; Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, United States; GSK Vaccines, 553 Old Corvallis Road, Hamilton, MT 59840, United States
| | - Mark T Livesay
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, United States; Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, United States; GSK Vaccines, 553 Old Corvallis Road, Hamilton, MT 59840, United States
| | - Yufeng Li
- GSK Vaccines, 553 Old Corvallis Road, Hamilton, MT 59840, United States
| | - Van Cybulski
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, United States; Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, United States; GSK Vaccines, 553 Old Corvallis Road, Hamilton, MT 59840, United States
| | - Shannon M Miller
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, United States; Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, United States
| | - David A Johnson
- GSK Vaccines, 553 Old Corvallis Road, Hamilton, MT 59840, United States
| | - Jay T Evans
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, United States; Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, United States; GSK Vaccines, 553 Old Corvallis Road, Hamilton, MT 59840, United States
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7
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Wang ZB, Xu J. Better Adjuvants for Better Vaccines: Progress in Adjuvant Delivery Systems, Modifications, and Adjuvant-Antigen Codelivery. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8010128. [PMID: 32183209 PMCID: PMC7157724 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional aluminum adjuvants can trigger strong humoral immunity but weak cellular immunity, limiting their application in some vaccines. Currently, various immunomodulators and delivery carriers are used as adjuvants, and the mechanisms of action of some of these adjuvants are clear. However, customizing targets of adjuvant action (cellular or humoral immunity) and action intensity (enhancement or inhibition) according to different antigens selected is time-consuming. Here, we review the adjuvant effects of some delivery systems and immune stimulants. In addition, to improve the safety, effectiveness, and accessibility of adjuvants, new trends in adjuvant development and their modification strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Xu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-(10)-5224-5008
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8
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Synthesis and immunostimulatory activity of sugar-conjugated TLR7 ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 30:126840. [PMID: 31864800 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a type of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which are activated by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). The activation of TLRs initiates innate immune responses and subsequently leads to adaptive immune responses. TLR agonists are effective immuomodulators in vaccine adjuvants for infectious diseases and cancer immunotherapy. In exploring hydrophilic small molecules of TLR7 ligands using the cell-targeted property of a vaccine adjuvant, we conjugated 1V209, a small TLR7 ligand molecule, with various low or middle molecular weight sugar molecules that work as carriers. The sugar-conjugated 1V209 derivatives showed increased water solubility and higher immunostimulatory activity in both mouse and human cells compared to unmodified 1V209. The improved immunostimulatory potency of sugar-conjugates was attenuated by an inhibitor of endocytic process, cytochalasin D, suggesting that conjugation of sugar moieties may enhance the uptake of TLR7 ligand into the endosomal compartment. Collectively our results support that sugar-conjugated TLR7 ligands are applicable to novel drugs for cancer and vaccine therapy.
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9
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Evans JT, Bess LS, Mwakwari SC, Livesay MT, Li Y, Cybulski V, Johnson DA, Bazin HG. Synthetic Toll-like Receptors 7 and 8 Agonists: Structure-Activity Relationship in the Oxoadenine Series. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:15665-15677. [PMID: 31572869 PMCID: PMC6761749 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors 7 and 8 (TLR7/8) are broadly expressed on antigen-presenting cells, making TLR7/8 agonists likely candidates for the development of new vaccine adjuvants. We previously reported the synthesis of a new series of 8-oxoadenines substituted at the 9-position with a 4-piperidinylalkyl moiety and demonstrated that TLR7/8 selectivity and potency could be modulated by varying the length of the alkyl linker. In the present study, we broadened our initial structure-activity relationship study to further evaluate the effects of N-heterocycle ring size, chirality, and substitution on TLR7/8 potency, receptor selectivity, and cytokine (IFNα and TNFα) induction from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). TLR7/8 activity correlated primarily to linker length and to a lesser extent to ring size, while ring chirality had little effect on TLR7/8 potency or selectivity. Substitution of the heterocyclic ring with an aminoalkyl or hydroxyalkyl group for subsequent conjugation to phospholipids or antigens was well tolerated with the retention of both TLR7/8 activity and cytokine induction from human PBMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay T. Evans
- GSK
Vaccines, 553 Old Corvallis
Road, Hamilton, Montana 59840, United States
- Division of Biological Sciences and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59802, United States
| | - Laura S. Bess
- GSK
Vaccines, 553 Old Corvallis
Road, Hamilton, Montana 59840, United States
- Division of Biological Sciences and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59802, United States
| | - Sandra C. Mwakwari
- GSK
Vaccines, 553 Old Corvallis
Road, Hamilton, Montana 59840, United States
| | - Mark T. Livesay
- GSK
Vaccines, 553 Old Corvallis
Road, Hamilton, Montana 59840, United States
- Division of Biological Sciences and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59802, United States
| | - Yufeng Li
- GSK
Vaccines, 553 Old Corvallis
Road, Hamilton, Montana 59840, United States
| | - Van Cybulski
- GSK
Vaccines, 553 Old Corvallis
Road, Hamilton, Montana 59840, United States
- Division of Biological Sciences and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59802, United States
| | - David A. Johnson
- GSK
Vaccines, 553 Old Corvallis
Road, Hamilton, Montana 59840, United States
| | - Hélène G. Bazin
- GSK
Vaccines, 553 Old Corvallis
Road, Hamilton, Montana 59840, United States
- Division of Biological Sciences and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59802, United States
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10
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Lynn GM, Chytil P, Francica JR, Lagová A, Kueberuwa G, Ishizuka AS, Zaidi N, Ramirez-Valdez RA, Blobel NJ, Baharom F, Leal J, Wang AQ, Gerner MY, Etrych T, Ulbrich K, Seymour LW, Seder RA, Laga R. Impact of Polymer-TLR-7/8 Agonist (Adjuvant) Morphology on the Potency and Mechanism of CD8 T Cell Induction. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:854-870. [PMID: 30608149 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Small molecule Toll-like receptor-7 and -8 agonists (TLR-7/8a) can be used as vaccine adjuvants to induce CD8 T cell immunity but require formulations that prevent systemic toxicity and focus adjuvant activity in lymphoid tissues. Here, we covalently attached TLR-7/8a to polymers of varying composition, chain architecture and hydrodynamic behavior (∼300 nm submicrometer particles, ∼10 nm micelles and ∼4 nm flexible random coils) and evaluated how these parameters of polymer-TLR-7/8a conjugates impact adjuvant activity in vivo. Attachment of TLR-7/8a to any of the polymer compositions resulted in a nearly 10-fold reduction in systemic cytokines (toxicity). Moreover, both lymph node cytokine production and the magnitude of CD8 T cells induced against protein antigen increased with increasing polymer-TLR-7/8a hydrodynamic radius, with the submicrometer particle inducing the highest magnitude responses. Notably, CD8 T cell responses induced by polymer-TLR-7/8a were dependent on CCR2+ monocytes and IL-12, whereas responses by a small molecule TLR-7/8a that unexpectedly persisted in vaccine-site draining lymph nodes (T1/2 = 15 h) had less dependence on monocytes and IL-12 but required Type I IFNs. This study shows how modular properties of synthetic adjuvants can be chemically programmed to alter immunity in vivo through distinct immunological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey M Lynn
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases , National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Petr Chytil
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences , Heyrovského nám. 2 , 162 06 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Joseph R Francica
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases , National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Anna Lagová
- Department of Oncology , University of Oxford , Old Road Campus Research Building , Oxford OX3 7DQ , United Kingdom
| | - Gray Kueberuwa
- Department of Oncology , University of Oxford , Old Road Campus Research Building , Oxford OX3 7DQ , United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S Ishizuka
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases , National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Neeha Zaidi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases , National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Ramiro A Ramirez-Valdez
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases , National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Nicolas J Blobel
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases , National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Faezzah Baharom
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases , National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Joseph Leal
- Department of Immunology , University of Washington , South Lake Union E-411, 750 Republican Street , Seattle , Washington 98109 , United States
| | - Amy Q Wang
- Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences , 9800 Medical Center Drive , Rockville , Maryland 20850 , United States
| | - Michael Y Gerner
- Department of Immunology , University of Washington , South Lake Union E-411, 750 Republican Street , Seattle , Washington 98109 , United States
| | - Tomáš Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences , Heyrovského nám. 2 , 162 06 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Karel Ulbrich
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences , Heyrovského nám. 2 , 162 06 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Leonard W Seymour
- Department of Oncology , University of Oxford , Old Road Campus Research Building , Oxford OX3 7DQ , United Kingdom
| | - Robert A Seder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases , National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Richard Laga
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences , Heyrovského nám. 2 , 162 06 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
- Department of Oncology , University of Oxford , Old Road Campus Research Building , Oxford OX3 7DQ , United Kingdom
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11
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García-Raso A, Terrón A, López-Zafra A, García-Viada A, Barta A, Frontera A, Lorenzo J, Rodríguez-Calado S, Vázquez-López EM, Fiol JJ. Crystal structures of N6-modified-amino acid related nucleobase analogs (II): hybrid adenine-β-alanine and adenine-GABA molecules. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj02279a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
H-Bonding networks and anion–π interactions in the crystal structures of N6-modified-amino acid adenine analogs are investigated using X-ray crystallography and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel García-Raso
- Departament de Química
- Universitat de les Illes Balears
- Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5
- 07122 Palma (Baleares)
- Spain
| | - Angel Terrón
- Departament de Química
- Universitat de les Illes Balears
- Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5
- 07122 Palma (Baleares)
- Spain
| | - Adela López-Zafra
- Departament de Química
- Universitat de les Illes Balears
- Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5
- 07122 Palma (Baleares)
- Spain
| | | | - Agostina Barta
- Departament de Química
- Universitat de les Illes Balears
- Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5
- 07122 Palma (Baleares)
- Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Departament de Química
- Universitat de les Illes Balears
- Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5
- 07122 Palma (Baleares)
- Spain
| | - Julia Lorenzo
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biologia Molecular
- Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona
- Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Sergi Rodríguez-Calado
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biologia Molecular
- Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona
- Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Ezequiel M. Vázquez-López
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur/Universidade de Vigo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Facultade de Química
- Edificio Ciencias Experimentais
- E-36310 Vigo
| | - Juan J. Fiol
- Departament de Química
- Universitat de les Illes Balears
- Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5
- 07122 Palma (Baleares)
- Spain
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12
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Gadd AJR, Castelletto V, Kabova E, Shankland K, Perrie Y, Hamley I, Cobb AJA, Greco F, Edwards AD. High potency of lipid conjugated TLR7 agonist requires nanoparticulate or liposomal formulation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 123:268-276. [PMID: 30048801 PMCID: PMC6137072 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Conjugation of small molecule agonists of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) to proteins, lipids, or polymers is known to modulate potency, and the physical form or formulation of these conjugates is likely to have a major effect on their immunostimulatory activity. Here, we studied the effect of formulation on potency of a 1,2‑di‑(9Z‑octadecenoyl)‑sn‑glycero‑3‑phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) conjugated TLR7 agonist (DOPE-TLR7a) alongside assessing physical form using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Nanosight Particle Tracking (NTA) analysis and Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS). A very high potency of DOPE-TLR7a conjugate (EC50 around 9 nM) was observed either when prepared by direct dilution from DMSO or when formulated into 400-700 nm large multilamella liposomes containing dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide salt (DDA) and DOPE. When prepared by dissolution in DMSO followed by dilution in aqueous culture medium, 93 ± 5 nm nanoparticles were formed. Without dilution from solution in DMSO, no nanoparticles were observed and no immunostimulatory activity could be detected without this formulation step. SAXS analysis of the conjugate after DMSO dissolution/water dilution revealed a lamellar order with a layer spacing of 68.7 Å, which correlates with arrangement in groups of 3 bilayers. The addition of another immunostimulatory glycolipid, trehalose‑6,6‑dibehenate (TDB), to DOPE:DDA liposomes gave no further increase in immunostimulatory activity beyond that provided by incorporating DOPE-TLR7a. Given the importance of nanoparticle or liposomal formulation for activity, we conclude that the major mechanism for increased potency when TLR7 agonists are conjugated to macromolecules is through alteration of physical form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J R Gadd
- School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Valeria Castelletto
- School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Kabova
- School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth Shankland
- School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Hamley
- School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander J A Cobb
- Department of Chemistry, 7 Trinity Street, King's College London, London SE1 1DB, United Kingdom
| | - F Greco
- School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander D Edwards
- School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom.
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13
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Figueiredo P, Costa M, Pontes O, Baltazar F, Proença F. Adenine Derivatives: Promising Candidates for Breast Cancer Treatment. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Figueiredo
- Chemistry Department; University of Minho; Campus de Gualtar Braga Portugal
| | - Marta Costa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS); University of Minho; Campus de Gualtar Braga Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Olívia Pontes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS); University of Minho; Campus de Gualtar Braga Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Fátima Baltazar
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS); University of Minho; Campus de Gualtar Braga Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Fernanda Proença
- Chemistry Department; University of Minho; Campus de Gualtar Braga Portugal
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14
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Ignacio BJ, Albin TJ, Esser-Kahn AP, Verdoes M. Toll-like Receptor Agonist Conjugation: A Chemical Perspective. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:587-603. [PMID: 29378134 PMCID: PMC10642707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are vital elements of the mammalian immune system that function by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), bridging innate and adaptive immunity. They have become a prominent therapeutic target for the treatment of infectious diseases, cancer, and allergies, with many TLR agonists currently in clinical trials or approved as immunostimulants. Numerous studies have shown that conjugation of TLR agonists to other molecules can beneficially influence their potency, toxicity, pharmacokinetics, or function. The functional properties of TLR agonist conjugates, however, are highly dependent on the ligation strategy employed. Here, we review the chemical structural requirements for effective functional TLR agonist conjugation. In addition, we provide similar analysis for those that have yet to be conjugated. Moreover, we discuss applications of covalent TLR agonist conjugation and their implications for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob J. Ignacio
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tyler J. Albin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Aaron P. Esser-Kahn
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Martijn Verdoes
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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15
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Pieters S, McGowan D, Herschke F, Pauwels F, Stoops B, Last S, Embrechts W, Scholliers A, Mostmans W, Van Dijck K, Van Schoubroeck B, Thoné T, De Pooter D, Fanning G, Rosauro ML, Khamlichi MD, Houpis I, Arnoult E, Jonckers THM, Raboisson P. Discovery of selective 2,4-diaminoquinazoline toll-like receptor 7 (TLR 7) agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:711-719. [PMID: 29366653 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of a novel series of highly potent quinazoline TLR 7/8 agonists is described. The synthesis and structure-activity relationship is presented. Structural requirements and optimization of this series toward TLR 7 selectivity afforded the potent agonist 48. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies highlighted 48 as an orally available endogenous interferon (IFN-α) inducer in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Pieters
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium.
| | - David McGowan
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Florence Herschke
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Frederik Pauwels
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Bart Stoops
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Stefaan Last
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Werner Embrechts
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Annick Scholliers
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Wendy Mostmans
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Kris Van Dijck
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Tine Thoné
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Dorien De Pooter
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Gregory Fanning
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Mari Luz Rosauro
- Villapharma Research S.L., Parque Tecnológico de Fuente Álamo, Ctra. El Estrecho-Lobosillo, km. 2.5-Av. Azul, 30320 Fuente Álamo de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mourad Daoubi Khamlichi
- Villapharma Research S.L., Parque Tecnológico de Fuente Álamo, Ctra. El Estrecho-Lobosillo, km. 2.5-Av. Azul, 30320 Fuente Álamo de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ioannis Houpis
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Eric Arnoult
- Janssen Research & Development L.L.C., 1400 McKean Rd, Spring House, PA 19454, United States
| | - Tim H M Jonckers
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Pierre Raboisson
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
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16
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Chan M, Kakitsubata Y, Hayashi T, Ahmadi A, Yao S, Shukla NM, Oyama SY, Baba A, Nguyen B, Corr M, Suda Y, Carson DA, Cottam HB, Wakao M. Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of Pyrimido[5,4-b]indoles as Selective Toll-Like Receptor 4 Ligands. J Med Chem 2017; 60:9142-9161. [PMID: 29049886 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous high throughput screening studies led to the discovery of two novel, nonlipid-like chemotypes as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonists. One of these chemotypes, the pyrimido[5,4-b]indoles, was explored for structure-activity relationship trends relative to production of TLR4 dependent cytokines/chemokines, resulting in a semioptimized lead (compound 1) that provided a starting point for further optimization studies. In this report, compounds belonging to three areas of structural modification were evaluated for biological activity using murine and human TLR4 reporter cells, primary murine bone marrow derived dendritic cells, and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The compounds bearing certain aryl groups at the C8 position, such as phenyl (36) and β-naphthyl (39), had potencies significantly greater than compound 1. Compound 36 displayed human TLR4 agonist activity at submicromolar concentrations. The computational analysis suggests that the improved potency of these C8-aryl derivatives may be the result of additional binding interactions at the interface of the TLR4/myeloid differentiation protein-2 (MD-2) complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Chan
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States
| | - Yuhei Kakitsubata
- Department of Chemistry, Kagoshima University , 1-21-40 Kohrimoto, 890-0065, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tomoko Hayashi
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States
| | - Alast Ahmadi
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States
| | - Shiyin Yao
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States
| | - Nikunj M Shukla
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States
| | - Shin-Ya Oyama
- Department of Chemistry, Kagoshima University , 1-21-40 Kohrimoto, 890-0065, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akihito Baba
- Department of Chemistry, Kagoshima University , 1-21-40 Kohrimoto, 890-0065, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Brandon Nguyen
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States
| | - Maripat Corr
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States
| | - Yasuo Suda
- Department of Chemistry, Kagoshima University , 1-21-40 Kohrimoto, 890-0065, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Dennis A Carson
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States
| | - Howard B Cottam
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States
| | - Masahiro Wakao
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Kagoshima University , 1-21-40 Kohrimoto, 890-0065, Kagoshima, Japan
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17
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Gao D, Li W, Wang W, Cai Y, Wang Y, Luo X, Wei CC. Synergy of purine-scaffold TLR7 agonist with doxorubicin on systemic inhibition of lymphoma in mouse model. J Cancer 2017; 8:3183-3189. [PMID: 29158790 PMCID: PMC5665034 DOI: 10.7150/jca.20015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemo- and radio-therapy suffer from certain well-recognized drawbacks for lymphoma therapy. Passive immunotherapy with monoclonal antibody has improved outcome for patients with CD20+ B cell lymphoma, but not for T cell lymphoma. Therefore, novel treatment approaches are clearly required for T cell lymphoma. To date, the combined application targeting TLR7, 8 and 9 has established long-term antitumor immunity. We previously synthesized a purine-scaffold TLR7 agonist named GD5. Here, we report that the intratumoral administration of GD5 combined with doxorubicin (DOX), a conventional chemotherapeutic agent in T cell lymphoma. This combined treatment made mice to produce more cytokines in blood, and generate more potent cytotoxic T lymphocyte response, then result in effective eradication of both local and distant tumors in tumor-bearing mice. Our findings demonstrate the potential for enhancing the efficacy of the current standard DOX therapy through combination with TLR7 agonist GD5 to improve antitumor immune responses and provide durable remissions for T cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Gao
- Shenzhen Hornetcorn Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518045, China
| | - Wang Li
- Shenzhen Hornetcorn Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518045, China
| | - Wanmin Wang
- Dalian Jinma Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Dalian, 116620, China
| | - Yongguang Cai
- The Fifth District of Chemotherapy, Department of Medical Oncology, Central Hospital of Guangdong Provincial Agricultural Reclamation, Zhanjiang, 524002, China
| | - Yuhuan Wang
- Shenzhen Hornetcorn Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518045, China
| | - Xiaoling Luo
- Shenzhen Hornetcorn Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518045, China
| | - Chih-Chang Wei
- Shenzhen Hornetcorn Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518045, China
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18
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Pei Y, Wang C, Yan SF, Liu G. Past, Current, and Future Developments of Therapeutic Agents for Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection. J Med Chem 2017; 60:6461-6479. [PMID: 28383274 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
For decades, treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been relying on interferon (IFN)-based therapies and nucleoside/nucleotide analogues (NAs) that selectively target the viral polymerase reverse transcriptase (RT) domain and thereby disrupt HBV viral DNA synthesis. We have summarized here the key steps in the HBV viral life cycle, which could potentially be targeted by novel anti-HBV therapeutics. A wide range of next-generation direct antiviral agents (DAAs) with distinct mechanisms of actions are discussed, including entry inhibitors, transcription inhibitors, nucleoside/nucleotide analogues, inhibitors of viral ribonuclease H (RNase H), modulators of viral capsid assembly, inhibitors of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) secretion, RNA interference (RNAi) gene silencers, antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), and natural products. Compounds that exert their antiviral activities mainly through host factors and immunomodulation, such as host targeting agents (HTAs), programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors, and Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, are also discussed. In this Perspective, we hope to provide an overview, albeit by no means being comprehensive, for the recent development of novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of chronic HBV infection, which not only are able to sustainably suppress viral DNA but also aim to achieve functional cure warranted by HBsAg loss and ultimately lead to virus eradication and cure of hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yameng Pei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chunting Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - S Frank Yan
- Molecular Design and Chemical Biology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai , Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Gang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
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19
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Choi YJ, Chang SJ, Gibala KS, Resendiz MJE. 8-Oxo-7,8-dihydroadenine and 8-Oxo-7,8-dihydroadenosine-Chemistry, Structure, and Function in RNA and Their Presence in Natural Products and Potential Drug Derivatives. Chemistry 2017; 23:6706-6716. [PMID: 27960050 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A description and history of the role that 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroadenine (8-oxoAde) and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroadenosine (8-oxoA) have in various fields has been compiled. This Review focusses on 1) the formation of this oxidatively generated modification in RNA, its interactions with other biopolymers, and its potential role in the development/progression of disease; 2) the independent synthesis and incorporation of this modified nucleoside into oligonucleotides of RNA to display the progress that has been made in establishing its behavior in biologically relevant systems; 3) reported synthetic routes, which date back to 1890, along with the progress that has been made in the total synthesis of the nucleobase, nucleoside, and their corresponding derivatives; and 4) the isolation, total synthesis, and biological activity of natural products containing these moieties as the backbone. The current state of research regarding this oxidatively generated lesion as well as its importance in the context of RNA, natural products, and potential as drug derivatives is illustrated using all available examples reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jung Choi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Science Building, 1151 Arapahoe St., Denver, CO, 80204, USA
| | - Stephanie J Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Science Building, 1151 Arapahoe St., Denver, CO, 80204, USA
| | - Krzysztof S Gibala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Science Building, 1151 Arapahoe St., Denver, CO, 80204, USA
| | - Marino J E Resendiz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Science Building, 1151 Arapahoe St., Denver, CO, 80204, USA
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20
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The adjuvant effect of TLR7 agonist conjugated to a meningococcal serogroup C glycoconjugate vaccine. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 107:110-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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21
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Gao D, Zeng J, Wang X, Liu Y, Li W, Hu Y, Gao N, Diao Y, Wang Z, Jiang W, Chen J, Jin G. Conjugation of weak ligands with weak antigens to activate TLR-7: A step toward better vaccine adjuvants. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 120:111-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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22
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McGowan D, Herschke F, Pauwels F, Stoops B, Last S, Pieters S, Scholliers A, Thoné T, Van Schoubroeck B, De Pooter D, Mostmans W, Khamlichi MD, Embrechts W, Dhuyvetter D, Smyej I, Arnoult E, Demin S, Borghys H, Fanning G, Vlach J, Raboisson P. Novel Pyrimidine Toll-like Receptor 7 and 8 Dual Agonists to Treat Hepatitis B Virus. J Med Chem 2016; 59:7936-49. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David McGowan
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Florence Herschke
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Frederik Pauwels
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Bart Stoops
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Stefaan Last
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Serge Pieters
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Annick Scholliers
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Tine Thoné
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Dorien De Pooter
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Wendy Mostmans
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Mourad Daoubi Khamlichi
- Villapharma Research S.L., Parque
Tecnológico de Fuente Álamo. Ctra. El Estrecho-Lobosillo,
Km. 2.5, Av. Azul 30320 Fuente Álamo de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Werner Embrechts
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Deborah Dhuyvetter
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Ilham Smyej
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Eric Arnoult
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Samuël Demin
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Herman Borghys
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Gregory Fanning
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Jaromir Vlach
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Pierre Raboisson
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
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23
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Akinbobuyi B, Wang L, Upchurch KC, Byrd MR, Chang CA, Quintana JM, Petersen RE, Seifert ZJ, Boquin JR, Oh S, Kane RR. Synthesis and immunostimulatory activity of substituted TLR7 agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:4246-9. [PMID: 27476423 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Fifteen new substituted adenines were synthesized as potential TLR7 agonists. These compounds, along with 9 previously reported compounds, were analyzed for TLR7 activity and for the selective stimulation of B cell proliferation. Several functionalized derivatives exhibit significant activity, suggesting their potential for use as vaccine adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babatope Akinbobuyi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Baylor Research Institute, 3434 Live Oak Street, Dallas, TX 75204, USA
| | - Katherine C Upchurch
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97224, Waco, TX 76798, USA; Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Baylor Research Institute, 3434 Live Oak Street, Dallas, TX 75204, USA
| | - Matthew R Byrd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Charles A Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97224, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Jeremy M Quintana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Rachel E Petersen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Zacharie J Seifert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - José R Boquin
- Department of Chemistry, Augustana College, 639 38th Street, Rock Island, IL 61201, USA
| | - SangKon Oh
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97224, Waco, TX 76798, USA; Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Baylor Research Institute, 3434 Live Oak Street, Dallas, TX 75204, USA
| | - Robert R Kane
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97224, Waco, TX 76798, USA; Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Baylor Research Institute, 3434 Live Oak Street, Dallas, TX 75204, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX 76798, USA.
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24
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Du Y, Du T, Shi Y, Zhang A, Zhang C, Diao Y, Jin G, Zhou EM. Synthetic Toll-like receptor 7 ligand inhibits porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection in primary porcine alveolar macrophages. Antiviral Res 2016; 131:9-18. [PMID: 27079946 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), a common viral pathogen, causes huge annual economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. After triggering by specific ligands, the Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7), a type of pattern-recognition receptor (PRR), induces antiviral cytokines production. Previously, we synthesized an adenine analog, designated SZU101, a TLR7-specific ligand. In this study, we assessed the inhibitory effect of SZU101 on PRRSV infection in vitro. SZU101 significantly suppressed PRRSV infection in primary porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, SZU101-induced inhibition involved NF-κB pathway activation in PAMs to initiate expression of TLR7-mediated cytokines and induce expression of downstream signaling IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Chloroquine, a TLR7 inhibitor, and BAY 11-7082, an NF-κB inhibitor, reversed both the SZU101-induced antiviral effect and induction of cytokine genes and ISGs expression. Therefore, SZU101 antiviral effects depend at least in part on TLR7-NF-κB signaling pathway. Additionally, administration of SZU101 enhanced the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses against PRRSV antigens in mice. Given these results, SZU101 holds promise as an antiviral agent and a vaccine adjuvant to prevent PRRSV infection in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkun Du
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Taofeng Du
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Yunpeng Shi
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Angke Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Chong Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Yuwen Diao
- Cancer Research Center, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China; Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China.
| | - Guangyi Jin
- Cancer Research Center, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China; Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China.
| | - En-Min Zhou
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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25
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Ferreira TPT, Mariano LL, Ghilosso-Bortolini R, de Arantes ACS, Fernandes AJ, Berni M, Cecchinato V, Uguccioni M, Maj R, Barberis A, Silva PMRE, Martins MA. Potential of PEGylated Toll-Like Receptor 7 Ligands for Controlling Inflammation and Functional Changes in Mouse Models of Asthma and Silicosis. Front Immunol 2016; 7:95. [PMID: 27014274 PMCID: PMC4786742 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prior investigations show that signaling activation through pattern recognition receptors can directly impact a number of inflammatory lung diseases. While toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 agonists have raised interest for their ability to inhibit allergen-induced pathological changes in experimental asthma conditions, the putative benefit of this treatment is limited by adverse effects. Our aim was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of two PEGylated purine-like compounds, TMX-302 and TMX-306, characterized by TLR7 partial agonistic activity; therefore, the compounds are expected to induce lower local and systemic adverse reactions. In vitro approaches and translation to murine models of obstructive and restrictive lung diseases were explored. In vitro studies with human PBMCs showed that both TMX-302 and TMX-306 marginally affects cytokine production as compared with equivalent concentrations of the TLR7 full agonist, TMX-202. The PEGylated compounds did not induce monocyte-derived DC maturation or B cell proliferation, differently from what observed after stimulation with TMX-202. Impact of PEGylated ligands on lung function and inflammatory changes was studied in animal models of acute lung injury, asthma, and silicosis following Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), allergen (ovalbumin), and silica inhalation, respectively. Subcutaneous injection of TMX-302 prevented LPS- and allergen-induced airway hyper-reactivity (AHR), leukocyte infiltration, and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lung. However, intranasal instillation of TMX-302 led to neutrophil infiltration and failed to prevent allergen-induced AHR, despite inhibiting leukocyte counts in the BAL. Aerosolized TMX-306 given prophylactically, but not therapeutically, inhibited pivotal asthma features. Interventional treatment with intranasal instillation of TMX-306 significantly reduced the pulmonary fibrogranulomatous response and the number of silica particles in lung interstitial space in silicotic mice. These findings highlight the potential of TMX-306, emphasizing its value in drug development for lung diseases, and particularly silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lívia Lacerda Mariano
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Michelle Berni
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universitá della Svizzera Italiana , Bellinzona , Switzerland
| | - Valentina Cecchinato
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universitá della Svizzera Italiana , Bellinzona , Switzerland
| | - Mariagrazia Uguccioni
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universitá della Svizzera Italiana , Bellinzona , Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Marco Aurélio Martins
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
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26
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Kettle JG, Alwan H, Bista M, Breed J, Davies NL, Eckersley K, Fillery S, Foote KM, Goodwin L, Jones DR, Käck H, Lau A, Nissink JWM, Read J, Scott JS, Taylor B, Walker G, Wissler L, Wylot M. Potent and Selective Inhibitors of MTH1 Probe Its Role in Cancer Cell Survival. J Med Chem 2016; 59:2346-61. [PMID: 26878898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent literature has claimed that inhibition of the enzyme MTH1 can eradicate cancer. MTH1 is one of the "housekeeping" enzymes that are responsible for hydrolyzing damaged nucleotides in cells and thus prevent them from being incorporated into DNA. We have developed orthogonal and chemically distinct tool compounds to those published in the literature to allow us to test the hypothesis that inhibition of MTH1 has wide applicability in the treatment of cancer. Here we present the work that led to the discovery of three structurally different series of MTH1 inhibitors with excellent potency, selectivity, and proven target engagement in cells. None of these compounds elicited the reported cellular phenotype, and additional siRNA and CRISPR experiments further support these observations. Critically, the difference between the responses of our highly selective inhibitors and published tool compounds suggests that the effect reported for the latter may be due to off-target cytotoxic effects. As a result, we conclude that the role of MTH1 in carcinogenesis and utility of its inhibition is yet to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason G Kettle
- Oncology Innovative Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca , 35S47 Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Husam Alwan
- Oncology Innovative Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca , 35S47 Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Michal Bista
- Oncology Innovative Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca , Unit 310, Darwin Building, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Breed
- Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca , Unit 310, Darwin Building, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Nichola L Davies
- Oncology Innovative Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca , Unit 310, Darwin Building, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Kay Eckersley
- Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca , Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Shaun Fillery
- Oncology Innovative Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca , Unit 310, Darwin Building, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin M Foote
- Oncology Innovative Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca , Unit 310, Darwin Building, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Goodwin
- Oncology Innovative Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca , 35S47 Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - David R Jones
- Oncology Innovative Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca , 35S47 Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Helena Käck
- Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca , Pepparedsleden 1, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Alan Lau
- Oncology Innovative Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca , 35S47 Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - J Willem M Nissink
- Oncology Innovative Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca , Unit 310, Darwin Building, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Read
- Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca , Unit 310, Darwin Building, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - James S Scott
- Oncology Innovative Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca , Unit 310, Darwin Building, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Taylor
- Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca , Unit 310, Darwin Building, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme Walker
- Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca , Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Wissler
- Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca , Pepparedsleden 1, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Marta Wylot
- Oncology Innovative Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca , Unit 310, Darwin Building, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
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27
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Biggadike K, Ahmed M, Ball DI, Coe DM, Dalmas Wilk DA, Edwards CD, Gibbon BH, Hardy CJ, Hermitage SA, Hessey JO, Hillegas AE, Hughes SC, Lazarides L, Lewell XQ, Lucas A, Mallett DN, Price MA, Priest FM, Quint DJ, Shah P, Sitaram A, Smith SA, Stocker R, Trivedi NA, Tsitoura DC, Weller V. Discovery of 6-Amino-2-{[(1S)-1-methylbutyl]oxy}-9-[5-(1-piperidinyl)pentyl]-7,9-dihydro-8H-purin-8-one (GSK2245035), a Highly Potent and Selective Intranasal Toll-Like Receptor 7 Agonist for the Treatment of Asthma. J Med Chem 2016; 59:1711-26. [PMID: 26861551 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Induction of IFNα in the upper airways via activation of TLR7 represents a novel immunomodulatory approach to the treatment of allergic asthma. Exploration of 8-oxoadenine derivatives bearing saturated oxygen or nitrogen heterocycles in the N-9 substituent has revealed a remarkable selective enhancement in IFNα inducing potency in the nitrogen series. Further potency enhancement was achieved with the novel (S)-pentyloxy substitution at C-2 leading to the selection of GSK2245035 (32) as an intranasal development candidate. In human cell cultures, compound 32 resulted in suppression of Th2 cytokine responses to allergens, while in vivo intranasal administration at very low doses led to local upregulation of TLR7-mediated cytokines (IP-10). Target engagement was confirmed in humans following single intranasal doses of 32 of ≥20 ng, and reproducible pharmacological response was demonstrated following repeat intranasal dosing at weekly intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Biggadike
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Mahbub Ahmed
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Doug I Ball
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Diane M Coe
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Deidre A Dalmas Wilk
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, UpperMerion , 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Chris D Edwards
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Bob H Gibbon
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, David Jack Centre , Park Road, Ware, Hertfordshire SG12 ODP, U.K
| | - Charlotte J Hardy
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Stephen A Hermitage
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Joanne O Hessey
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Aimee E Hillegas
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, UpperMerion , 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Stephen C Hughes
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, David Jack Centre , Park Road, Ware, Hertfordshire SG12 ODP, U.K
| | - Linos Lazarides
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Xiao Q Lewell
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Amanda Lucas
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - David N Mallett
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Mark A Price
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, David Jack Centre , Park Road, Ware, Hertfordshire SG12 ODP, U.K
| | - Fiona M Priest
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Diana J Quint
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Poonam Shah
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Anesh Sitaram
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, David Jack Centre , Park Road, Ware, Hertfordshire SG12 ODP, U.K
| | - Stephen A Smith
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Richard Stocker
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Naimisha A Trivedi
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Daphne C Tsitoura
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Victoria Weller
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
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28
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Jadeja Y, Kapadiya K, Shah A, Khunt R. Importance of HMBC and NOE 2D NMR techniques for the confirmation of regioselectivity. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2016; 54:75-80. [PMID: 26307589 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yashwantsinh Jadeja
- National Facility for Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Chemistry, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, 360005, India
| | - Khushal Kapadiya
- National Facility for Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Chemistry, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, 360005, India
| | - Anamik Shah
- National Facility for Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Chemistry, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, 360005, India
| | - Ranjan Khunt
- National Facility for Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Chemistry, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, 360005, India
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29
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Shinchi H, Crain B, Yao S, Chan M, Zhang SS, Ahmadiiveli A, Suda Y, Hayashi T, Cottam HB, Carson DA. Enhancement of the Immunostimulatory Activity of a TLR7 Ligand by Conjugation to Polysaccharides. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:1713-23. [PMID: 26193334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the innate immune system recognize specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns derived from microbes. Synthetic small molecule TLR7 agonists have been extensively evaluated as topical agents for antiviral and anticancer therapy, and as adjuvants for vaccine. However, safe and reproducible administration of synthetic TLR7 ligands has been difficult to achieve due to undesirable pharmacokinetics and unacceptable side effects. Here, we conjugated a versatile low molecular weight TLR7 ligand to various polysaccharides in order to improve its water solubility, enhance its potency, and maintain low toxicity. The synthetic TLR7 ligand, 2-methoxyethoxy-8-oxo-9-(4-carboxy benzyl)adenine, designated 1V209, was stably conjugated to primary amine functionalized Ficoll or dextran using benzoic acid functional groups. The conjugation ratios using specified equivalents of TLR7 ligand were dose responsive and reproducible. The zeta potential value of the polysaccharides was decreased in inverse proportion to the ratio of conjugated TLR7 ligand. These conjugates were highly water-soluble, stable for at least 6 months at room temperature in aqueous solution, and easy to lyophilize and reconstitute without altering potency. In vitro studies with murine mononuclear leukocytes showed that the TLR7 agonist conjugated to polysaccharides had 10- to 1000-fold higher potencies than the unconjugated TLR7 ligand. In vivo pharmacodynamics studies after injection indicate that the conjugates induced systemic cytokine production. When the conjugates were used as vaccine adjuvants, they enhanced antigen specific humoral and cellular immune responses to a much greater extent than did unconjugated TLR7 ligands. These results indicated that small molecule TLR7 ligands conjugated to polysaccharides have improved immunostimulatory potency and pharmacodynamics. Polysaccharides can be conjugated to a variety of molecules such as antigens, peptides, and TLR ligands. Therefore, such conjugates could represent a versatile platform for the development of vaccines against cancer and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Shinchi
- †Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States.,‡Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Brian Crain
- †Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States
| | - Shiyin Yao
- †Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States
| | - Michael Chan
- †Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States
| | - Shannon S Zhang
- †Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States
| | - Alast Ahmadiiveli
- †Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States
| | - Yasuo Suda
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Tomoko Hayashi
- †Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States
| | - Howard B Cottam
- †Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States
| | - Dennis A Carson
- †Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States
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30
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Hayashi T, Yao S, Crain B, Promessi VJ, Shyu L, Sheng C, Kang M, Cottam HB, Carson DA, Corr M. Induction of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells by a PEGylated TLR7 Ligand for Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129867. [PMID: 26076454 PMCID: PMC4468074 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diabetes mellitus (DM) results from the destruction of pancreatic islet cells by activated T lymphocytes, which have been primed by activated dendritic cells (DC). Individualized therapy with ex vivo DC manipulation and reinfusion has been proposed as a treatment for DM, but this treatment is limited by cost, and requires specialized facilities. A means of in situ modulation of the DC phenotype in the host would be more accessible. Here we report a novel innate immune modulator, 1Z1, generated by conjugating a TLR7 ligand to six units of polyethylene glycol (PEG), which skews DC phenotype in vivo. 1Z1 was less potent in inducing cytokine production by DC than the parent ligand in vitro and in vivo. In addition, this drug only modestly increased DC surface expression of activation markers such as MHC class II, CD80, and CD86; however, the expression of negative regulatory molecules, such as programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), and interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase M (IRAK-M) were markedly increased. In vivo transfer of 1Z1 treated DC into prediabetic NOD mice delayed pancreatic insulitis. Daily administration of 1Z1 effectively prevented the clinical onset of hyperglycemia and reduced histologic islet inflammation. Daily treatment with 1Z1 increased PD-L1 expression in the CD11c+ population in peri-pancreatic lymph nodes; however, it did not induce an increase in regulatory T cells. Pharmaceutical modulation of DC maturation and function in situ, thus represents an opportunity to treat autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Hayashi
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0695, United States of America
| | - Shiyin Yao
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0695, United States of America
| | - Brian Crain
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0695, United States of America
| | - Victor J Promessi
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0695, United States of America
| | - Luke Shyu
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0695, United States of America
| | - Caroline Sheng
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0695, United States of America
| | - McNancy Kang
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0695, United States of America
| | - Howard B Cottam
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0695, United States of America
| | - Dennis A Carson
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0695, United States of America
| | - Maripat Corr
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0663, United States of America
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31
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Gao D, Diao Y, Li W, Gao N, Liu Y, Wang Z, Jiang W, Jin G. Toll-like receptor 7 inactive ligands enhanced cytokine induction by conjugation to weak antigens. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:977-80. [PMID: 25882779 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 7/8 are key targets in the design and development of small-molecule drugs serving as anticancer/antiviral agents and vaccine adjuvants. Clinical trials of imiquimod were discontinued owing to its serious adverse side effects. Herein we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of 8-hydroxy-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)adenine derivatives that cannot induce cytokine production and that lack activity toward TLR 7/8. Their ability to triggering remarkable levels of cytokine production were revealed upon their conjugation with antigens that have weak immunogenicity. This discovery demonstrated that TLR 7 can be activated by coupling an antigen to the terminal carboxyl group at N9 of the inactive ligand adenine analogues. These inactive analogues may be well suited as new adjuvants with superior activity after conjugation, effectively decreasing the side effects caused by conventional adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Gao
- Cancer Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060 (P. R. China). .,Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060 (P. R. China).
| | - Yuwen Diao
- Cancer Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060 (P. R. China)
| | - Wang Li
- Cancer Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060 (P. R. China)
| | - Ningning Gao
- Cancer Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060 (P. R. China)
| | - Yu Liu
- Cancer Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060 (P. R. China).,Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060 (P. R. China)
| | - Zhulin Wang
- Cancer Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060 (P. R. China)
| | - Wenqi Jiang
- Cancer Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060 (P. R. China)
| | - Guangyi Jin
- Cancer Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060 (P. R. China).
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32
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Bazin HG, Li Y, Khalaf JK, Mwakwari S, Livesay MT, Evans JT, Johnson DA. Structural requirements for TLR7-selective signaling by 9-(4-piperidinylalkyl)-8-oxoadenine derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:1318-23. [PMID: 25698055 PMCID: PMC4357173 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and biological evaluation of a new series of 8-oxoadenines substituted at the 9-position with a 4-piperidinylalkyl moiety. In vitro evaluation of the piperidinyl-substituted oxoadenines 3a-g in human TLR7- or TLR8-transfected HEK293 cells and in human PBMCs indicated that TLR7/8 selectivity/potency and cytokine induction can be modulated by varying the length of the alkyl linker. Oxoadenine 3f containing a 5-carbon linker was found to be the most potent TLR7 agonist and IFNα inducer in the series whereas 3b possessing a 1-carbon linker was the most potent TLR8 agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène G Bazin
- GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, 553 Old Corvallis Road, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Yufeng Li
- GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, 553 Old Corvallis Road, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Juhienah K Khalaf
- GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, 553 Old Corvallis Road, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Sandra Mwakwari
- GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, 553 Old Corvallis Road, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Mark T Livesay
- GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, 553 Old Corvallis Road, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Jay T Evans
- GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, 553 Old Corvallis Road, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - David A Johnson
- GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, 553 Old Corvallis Road, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
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33
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Liu Y, Li F, Wu L, Wang W, Zhu H, Zhang Q, Zhou H, Yan B. Improving both aqueous solubility and anti-cancer activity by assessing progressive lead optimization libraries. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:1971-5. [PMID: 25827524 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Thiazolidinone compounds 1-3 are lead compounds that have cytoselective toxicity toward non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and drug-resistant NSCLC cells while showing low toxicity to normal human fibroblasts (NHFB). However, this class of compounds generally has a very low aqueous solubility (∼0.1 μg/ml). In order to improve both solubility and anti-cancer activity, we designed and synthesized two lead-optimization libraries and investigated these libraries using simultaneous high-throughput solubility and cytotoxicity assays. By all-around modifications on R(1), R(2) and R(3) substitutions, consecutive library synthesis, and testing, we improved the aqueous solubility (5-fold improvement in solubility, from 0.1 to 0.5 μg/ml) and anti-cancer activity (10-fold improvement in EC50 from 0.72-0.98 μM to 0.08-0.16 μM) in the new lead thiazolidinone compound 31.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Fei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Ling Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Wenyi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, United States; The Rutgers Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, United States
| | - Hao Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, United States; The Rutgers Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, United States
| | - Qiu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Bing Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
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Gao D, Liu Y, Diao Y, Gao N, Wang Z, Jiang W, Jin G. Synthesis and Evaluation of Conjugates of Novel TLR7 Inert Ligands as Self-Adjuvanting Immunopotentiators. ACS Med Chem Lett 2015; 6:249-53. [PMID: 25815141 DOI: 10.1021/ml5003647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
During the design and synthesis of a series of 8-hydroxy-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-adenine derivatives bearing various substituted -RCOOH groups at the 9-position, we identified a TLR7-inert ligand, which does not activate TLR7 signaling pathway. Of interest, the coupling of weakly immunogenic antigens via the -RCOOH group was able to significantly enhance the immunogenicity of the antigens. Herein, an inert ligand, 9-(3-carboxypropyl)-8-hydroxy-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-adenine (5, GD2), was synthesized and conjugated to 5 different weakly immunogenic antigens (BSA, OVA, MSA, MG7, and thymosin). Compared with the GD2 and the potent agonist UC-1 V150, all conjugates demonstrated potent immunogenicity in vitro and in vivo. All conjugates induced prolonged increases, while UC-1 V150 showed a rapid decline in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines following initial increases. These data indicate that the immunostimulatory activity of TLR7-inert ligands could be amplified and prolonged by conjugation to antigens, thus broadening the potential therapeutic application of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Gao
- Shenzhen University Cancer Research Center, Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Shenzhen University Cancer Research Center, Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices
and Systems of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yuwen Diao
- Shenzhen University Cancer Research Center, Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ningning Gao
- Shenzhen University Cancer Research Center, Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhulin Wang
- Shenzhen University Cancer Research Center, Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Wenqi Jiang
- Shenzhen University Cancer Research Center, Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Guangyi Jin
- Shenzhen University Cancer Research Center, Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen 518060, China
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Akinbobuyi B, Byrd MR, Chang CA, Nguyen M, Seifert ZJ, Flamar AL, Zurawski G, Upchurch KC, Oh S, Dempsey SH, Enke TJ, Le J, Winstead HJ, Boquín JR, Kane RR. Facile syntheses of functionalized toll-like receptor 7 agonists. Tetrahedron Lett 2015; 56:458-460. [PMID: 25601818 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.11.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein conjugates of toll-like receptor 7 agonists have been shown to elicit powerful immune responses. In order to facilitate our studies in this area our group has developed efficient syntheses for a number of functionalized derivatives that retain immune stimulatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babatope Akinbobuyi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Matthew R Byrd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Charles A Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97224, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Mysa Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Zacharie J Seifert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Anne-Laure Flamar
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Baylor Research Institute, 3434 Live Oak Street, Dallas, TX 75204, USA
| | - Gerard Zurawski
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97224, Waco, TX 76798, USA ; Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Baylor Research Institute, 3434 Live Oak Street, Dallas, TX 75204, USA
| | - Katherine C Upchurch
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97224, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - SangKon Oh
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97224, Waco, TX 76798, USA ; Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Baylor Research Institute, 3434 Live Oak Street, Dallas, TX 75204, USA
| | - Stephen H Dempsey
- Department of Chemistry, Augustana College, 639 38 Street, Rock Island, IL 61201, USA
| | - Thomas J Enke
- Department of Chemistry, Augustana College, 639 38 Street, Rock Island, IL 61201, USA
| | - John Le
- Department of Chemistry, Augustana College, 639 38 Street, Rock Island, IL 61201, USA
| | - Hunter J Winstead
- Department of Chemistry, Augustana College, 639 38 Street, Rock Island, IL 61201, USA
| | - José R Boquín
- Department of Chemistry, Augustana College, 639 38 Street, Rock Island, IL 61201, USA
| | - Robert R Kane
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX 76798, USA ; Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97224, Waco, TX 76798, USA ; Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Baylor Research Institute, 3434 Live Oak Street, Dallas, TX 75204, USA
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36
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Gao D, Liu Y, Li W, Zhong F, Zhang X, Diao Y, Gao N, Wang X, Jiang W, Jin G. Synthesis and immunoregulatory activities of conjugates of a Toll-like receptor 7 inert ligand. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:5792-5795. [PMID: 25453821 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In the synthesis and modification of the analogs of an adenine type of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 agonists, we found a special compound, 9-propionyloxy-8-hydroxy-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-adenine (6). It is a synthesized TLR7 inert ligand, which does not respond to TLR7 itself. However, it can be coupled with protein or peptide antigens via propionyloxy functional group to promote their immunogenicity significantly. The compound was covalently coupled to protein and peptide to get the conjugates. The inductivity of cytokine production by the conjugates was 872.4-fold compared with the unconjugated antigens in vitro by mouse splenocyte. These data show that the immunostimulatory activity of inert TLR7 ligand can be endowed, and the activity of antigens can be amplified by conjugation with various proteins and peptides, thus broadening the potential therapeutic application and reducing the risk of TLR7 agonists' side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Gao
- Shenzhen University Cancer Research Center, Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen 518060, China; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Shenzhen University Cancer Research Center, Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Wang Li
- Shenzhen University Cancer Research Center, Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Fangshu Zhong
- Shenzhen University Cancer Research Center, Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Shenzhen University Cancer Research Center, Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yuwen Diao
- Shenzhen University Cancer Research Center, Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ningning Gao
- Shenzhen University Cancer Research Center, Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Shenzhen University Cancer Research Center, Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Wenqi Jiang
- Shenzhen University Cancer Research Center, Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen 518060, China; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Guangyi Jin
- Shenzhen University Cancer Research Center, Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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Inhibition of keratinocyte proliferation by phospholipid-conjugates of a TLR7 ligand in a Myc-induced hyperplastic actinic keratosis model in the absence of systemic side effects. Eur J Dermatol 2014; 23:618-28. [PMID: 24225049 DOI: 10.1684/ejd.2013.2155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) activator imiquimod (IMQ) is safe and effective in treating actinic keratosis; however, an intermittent treatment regimen is necessary because of excessive local reactions. OBJECTIVES To evaluate in vitro potency, pharmacodynamics/pharmacokinetics, toxicity and efficacy in vivo of the newly developed TLR7 ligand-phospholipid conjugate, TMX-202, in a gel formulation. MATERIAL AND METHODS The effects of TMX-202 were assessed both in vitro on a murine macrophage cell line and in primary bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and in vivo on mice (C57BL/6-wild type, Myd88(-/-) and Tlr7(-/-)). RESULTS TMX-202 was more potent than IMQ in vitro using murine and human cells. In contrast, in vivo it showed less systemic pro-inflammatory activity and better safety than IMQ. Moreover, the TMX-202 gel formulation exhibited at least comparable efficacy to Aldara in a mouse model for skin proliferative diseases. CONCLUSION TMX-202 is safe and efficacious without causing excessive adverse effects, suggesting that it may be an alternative to Aldara for the treatment of proliferative skin conditions.
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38
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Roethle PA, McFadden RM, Yang H, Hrvatin P, Hui H, Graupe M, Gallagher B, Chao J, Hesselgesser J, Duatschek P, Zheng J, Lu B, Tumas DB, Perry J, Halcomb RL. Identification and Optimization of Pteridinone Toll-like Receptor 7 (TLR7) Agonists for the Oral Treatment of Viral Hepatitis. J Med Chem 2013; 56:7324-33. [DOI: 10.1021/jm400815m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Roethle
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Clinical Virology, §Drug Metabolism, ∥Biology, and ⊥Structural Chemistry, Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Ryan M. McFadden
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Clinical Virology, §Drug Metabolism, ∥Biology, and ⊥Structural Chemistry, Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Hong Yang
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Clinical Virology, §Drug Metabolism, ∥Biology, and ⊥Structural Chemistry, Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Paul Hrvatin
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Clinical Virology, §Drug Metabolism, ∥Biology, and ⊥Structural Chemistry, Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Hon Hui
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Clinical Virology, §Drug Metabolism, ∥Biology, and ⊥Structural Chemistry, Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Michael Graupe
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Clinical Virology, §Drug Metabolism, ∥Biology, and ⊥Structural Chemistry, Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Brian Gallagher
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Clinical Virology, §Drug Metabolism, ∥Biology, and ⊥Structural Chemistry, Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Jessica Chao
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Clinical Virology, §Drug Metabolism, ∥Biology, and ⊥Structural Chemistry, Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Joseph Hesselgesser
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Clinical Virology, §Drug Metabolism, ∥Biology, and ⊥Structural Chemistry, Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Paul Duatschek
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Clinical Virology, §Drug Metabolism, ∥Biology, and ⊥Structural Chemistry, Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Jim Zheng
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Clinical Virology, §Drug Metabolism, ∥Biology, and ⊥Structural Chemistry, Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Bing Lu
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Clinical Virology, §Drug Metabolism, ∥Biology, and ⊥Structural Chemistry, Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Daniel B. Tumas
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Clinical Virology, §Drug Metabolism, ∥Biology, and ⊥Structural Chemistry, Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Jason Perry
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Clinical Virology, §Drug Metabolism, ∥Biology, and ⊥Structural Chemistry, Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Randall L. Halcomb
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Clinical Virology, §Drug Metabolism, ∥Biology, and ⊥Structural Chemistry, Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
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Filì L, Vultaggio A, Cardilicchia E, Manuelli C, Casini A, Nencini F, Maggi L, Pratesi S, Petroni G, Boscaro F, Guarna A, Occhiato EG, Romagnani S, Maggi E, Parronchi P. A novel allergen-adjuvant conjugate suitable for specific immunotherapy of respiratory allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 132:84-92. [PMID: 23498597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several approaches to find a better adjuvant, focus immunomodulation, and reduce allergenicity are under investigation to improve the efficacy and safety of specific immunotherapy. OBJECTIVE We performed an investigation of the in vitro and in vivo effects of a purified allergen chemically conjugated to a novel 8-OH modified adenine as an adjuvant. METHODS Purified group 2 major allergen from house dust mite chemically conjugated to 4-(6-amino-9-benzyl-8-hydroxy-9H-purin-2-ylsulfanyl)-butyric acid succinimidyl ester was analyzed by using mass spectrometry. The adduct (nDer p 2-Conj) was assayed for Toll-like receptor activation on transfected HEK293 cells, stimulation of innate cells, and effects on the functional phenotype of specific T-cell lines and clones by means of flow cytometry, real-time PCR, and expression of TH-related transcription factors. Lung cells and sera of nDer p 2-Conj-sensitized C57Bl/6 mice were studied by means of cytology, histology, real-time PCR, and ELISA. RESULTS nDer p 2-Conj stimulated IL-12 and IFN-α production from monocytes and plasmacytoid dendritic cells, respectively, retaining the ability to trigger Toll-like receptor 7 exclusively, and expanded human allergen-specific lymphocytes with reduced ability to produce T(H)2-related cytokines and increased IFN-γ levels, as based on GATA-3/T-bet expression. In vivo adduct-sensitized mice exhibited reduced eosinophil infiltration and IL-13 expression in the airways, IFN-γ upregulation together with IgE downregulation, and an increase in allergen-specific IgG(2a) levels in sera. The conjugate exhibited reduced ability to activate human FcεRI(+) cells without inducing T(H)17 cells or autoantibodies. CONCLUSIONS The codelivery of an allergen with a modified adenine as a conjugate inducing modulatory cytokines from innate cells redirects in vitro and in vivo pathogenic TH2 responses without eliciting harmful effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Filì
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Centre for Research, Transfer and High Education DENOTHE, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Nakamura T, Wada H, Kurebayashi H, McInally T, Bonnert R, Isobe Y. Synthesis and evaluation of 8-oxoadenine derivatives as potent Toll-like receptor 7 agonists with high water solubility. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:669-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.11.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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41
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Yoo E, Crall BM, Balakrishna R, Malladi SS, Fox LM, Hermanson AR, David SA. Structure–activity relationships in Toll-like receptor 7 agonistic 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridines. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:6526-45. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40816g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Matsui H, Tomizawa H, Eiho K, Kashiwazaki Y, Edwards S, Biffen M, Bell JP, Bahl A, Leishman AJ, Murray CM, Takaku H, Ueda Y. Mechanism of action of inhibition of allergic immune responses by a novel antedrug TLR7 agonist. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:5194-205. [PMID: 23125414 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Triggering innate immune responses through TLRs is expected to be a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of allergic diseases. TLR agonists are able to modulate Th2 immune responses through undefined mechanisms. We investigated the mechanism of action of the suppression of Th2 immune responses with a novel antedrug TLR7 agonist. The antedrug is rapidly metabolized by plasma esterases to an acid with reduced activity to limit systemic responses. Topical administration of this compound inhibited features of the allergic airway inflammatory response in rat and murine allergic airways model. Type I IFN played a role in the suppression of Th2 cytokines produced from murine splenocytes. Inhibition of Th2 immune responses with the antedrug TLR7 agonist was shown to be via a type I IFN-dependent mechanism following short-term exposure to the compound, although there might be type I IFN-independent mechanisms following long-term exposure. We have demonstrated that local type I IFN signaling and plasmacytoid dendritic cells, but not Th1 immune responses, are required for in vivo efficacy against murine airway Th2-driven eosinophilia. Furthermore, migration of dendritic cell subsets into the lung was related to efficacy and is dependent on type I IFN signaling. Thus, the mechanism of action at the cytokine and cellular level involved in the suppression of Th2 allergic responses has been characterized, providing a potential new approach to the treatment of allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Matsui
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka 541-0045, Japan.
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Hayashi T, Yao S, Crain B, Chan M, Tawatao RI, Gray C, Vuong L, Lao F, Cottam HB, Carson DA, Corr M. Treatment of autoimmune inflammation by a TLR7 ligand regulating the innate immune system. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45860. [PMID: 23029281 PMCID: PMC3461028 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Toll-like receptors (TLR) have been advocated as attractive therapeutic targets because TLR signaling plays dual roles in initiating adaptive immune responses and perpetuating inflammation. Paradoxically, repeated stimulation of bone marrow mononuclear cells with a synthetic TLR7 ligand 9-benzyl-8-hydroxy-2-(2-methoxyethoxy) adenine (called 1V136) leads to subsequent TLR hyporesponsiveness. Further studies on the mechanism of action of this pharmacologic agent demonstrated that the TLR7 ligand treatment depressed dendritic cell activation, but did not directly affect T cell function. To verify this mechanism, we utilized experimental allergic encephalitis (EAE) as an in vivo T cell dependent autoimmune model. Drug treated SJL/J mice immunized with proteolipid protein (PLP)139–151 peptide had attenuated disease severity, reduced accumulation of mononuclear cells in the central nervous system (CNS), and limited demyelination, without any apparent systemic toxicity. Splenic T cells from treated mice produced less cytokines upon antigenic rechallenge. In the spinal cords of 1V136-treated EAE mice, the expression of chemoattractants was also reduced, suggesting innate immune cell hyposensitization in the CNS. Indeed, systemic 1V136 did penetrate the CNS. These experiments indicated that repeated doses of a TLR7 ligand may desensitize dendritic cells in lymphoid organs, leading to diminished T cell responses. This treatment strategy might be a new modality to treat T cell mediated autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Hayashi
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Shiyin Yao
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Brian Crain
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Michael Chan
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Rommel I. Tawatao
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Christine Gray
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Linda Vuong
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Fitzgerald Lao
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Howard B. Cottam
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Dennis A. Carson
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Maripat Corr
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Horscroft NJ, Pryde DC, Bright H. Antiviral applications of Toll-like receptor agonists. J Antimicrob Chemother 2012; 67:789-801. [PMID: 22258929 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkr588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past, antiviral research has focused mainly on viral targets. As the search for effective and differentiated antiviral therapies continues, cellular targets are becoming more common, bringing with them a variety of challenges and concerns. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) provide a unique mechanism to induce an antiviral state in the host. In this review we introduce TLRs as targets for the pharmaceutical industry, including how they signal and thereby induce an antiviral state through the production of type I interferons. We examine how TLRs are being therapeutically targeted and discuss several clinically precedented agents for which efficacy and safety data are available. We describe some of the chemistries that have been applied to both small molecule and large molecule leads to tune agonist potency, and offer a differentiated safety profile through targeting certain compartments such as the gut or the lung, thereby limiting systemic drug exposure and affecting systemic cytokine levels. The application of low-dose agonists of TLRs as vaccine adjuvants or immunoprotective agents is also presented. Some of the challenges presented by this approach are then discussed, including viral evasion strategies and mechanism-linked inflammatory cytokine induction.
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Jones P, Pryde DC, Tran TD, Adam FM, Bish G, Calo F, Ciaramella G, Dixon R, Duckworth J, Fox DN, Hay DA, Hitchin J, Horscroft N, Howard M, Laxton C, Parkinson T, Parsons G, Proctor K, Smith MC, Smith N, Thomas A. Discovery of a highly potent series of TLR7 agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:5939-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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46
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Sadanandam P, Jyothi V, Adharvana Chari M, Das P, Mukkanti K. Synthesis and characterization of 9-methyl-2-morpholin-4-yl-8-substituted phenyl-1H-purine derivatives using polyphosphoric acid (PPA) as an efficient catalyst. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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47
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Tran TD, Pryde DC, Jones P, Adam FM, Benson N, Bish G, Calo F, Ciaramella G, Dixon R, Duckworth J, Fox DN, Hay DA, Hitchin J, Horscroft N, Howard M, Gardner I, Jones HM, Laxton C, Parkinson T, Parsons G, Proctor K, Smith MC, Smith N, Thomas A. Design and optimisation of orally active TLR7 agonists for the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:2389-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.02.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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48
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Chan M, Hayashi T, Mathewson RD, Yao S, Gray C, Tawatao RI, Kalenian K, Zhang Y, Hayashi Y, Lao FS, Cottam HB, Carson DA. Synthesis and characterization of PEGylated toll like receptor 7 ligands. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:445-54. [PMID: 21338093 DOI: 10.1021/bc1004813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) is located in the endosomal compartment of immune cells. Signaling through TLR7, mediated by the adaptor protein MyD88, stimulates the innate immune system and shapes adaptive immune responses. Previously, we characterized TLR7 ligands conjugated to protein, lipid, or poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). Among the TLR7 ligand conjugates, the addition of PEG chains reduced the agonistic potency. PEGs are safe in humans and widely used for improvement of pharmacokinetics in existing biologics and some low molecular weight compounds. PEGylation could be a feasible method to alter the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of TLR7 ligands. In this study, we systematically studied the influence of PEG chain length on the in vitro and in vivo properties of potent TLR7 ligands. PEGylation increased solubility of the TLR7 ligands and modulated protein binding. Adding a 6-10 length PEG to the TLR7 ligand reduced its potency toward induction of interleukin (IL)-6 by murine macrophages in vitro and IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in vivo. However, PEGylation with 18 or longer chain restored, and even enhanced, the agonistic activity of the drug. In human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, similar effects of PEGylation were observed for secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, IL-1β, and type 1 interferon, as well as for B cell proliferation. In summary, these studies demonstrate that conjugation of PEG chains to a synthetic TLR ligand can impact its potency for cytokine induction depending on the size of the PEG moiety. Thus, PEGylation may be a feasible approach to regulate the pharmacological properties of TLR7 ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Chan
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla California 92093-0820, USA
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Standara S, Bouzková K, Straka M, Zacharová Z, Hocek M, Marek J, Marek R. Interpretation of substituent effects on 13C and 15N NMR chemical shifts in 6-substituted purines. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:15854-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp20680j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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50
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Verones V, Flouquet N, Farce A, Carato P, Leonce S, Pfeiffer B, Berthelot P, Lebegue N. Synthesis, biological evaluation and docking studies of 4-amino-tetrahydroquinazolino[3,2-e]purine derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:5678-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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