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Fan S, Jiang T, Siddique MN, Zhang L, Liu J, Wang X. Total Synthesis of Nikkomycin S z and Nikkomycin So z. Org Lett 2023; 25:7832-7835. [PMID: 37870307 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The nikkomycins Sz/Soz are a class of locked nucleoside antibiotics that share a common [5,6] trans-bicyclic core. Herein we present an efficient synthesis of these nikkomycins from diene, using neighboring group participation N-glycosylation and stereoselective oxidation state installation. This synthetic strategy overcomes several challenges due to the poor redox tolerance of the uracil base, the high strain of the trans-fused furanopyran C8 monosaccharides, and the acid-sensitive glycosidic bond when dealing with the deoxynucleotide natural product nikkomycin Sz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Tai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Nasir Siddique
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
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2
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Feng Q, Yang W, Peng Z, Wang G. Recent advances in the synthetic thymidine phosphorylase inhibitors for cancer therapy. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 934:175319. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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3
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Aknin K, Bontemps A, Farce A, Merlet E, Belmont P, Helissey P, Chavatte P, Sari MA, Giorgi-Renault S, Desbène-Finck S. Polycyclic nitrogen heterocycles as potential thymidine phosphorylase inhibitors: synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking study. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 37:252-268. [PMID: 34933639 PMCID: PMC8725971 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.2001806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
New polycyclic heterocycles were synthesised and evaluated as potential inhibitors of thymidine phosphorylase (TP). Inspired by the pharmacophoric pyrimidinedione core of the natural substrate, four series have been designed in order to interact with large empty pockets of the active site: pyrimidoquinoline-2,4-diones (series A), pyrimidinedione linked to a pyrroloquinoline-1,3-diones (series B and C), the polycyclic heterocycle has been replaced by a pyrimidopyridopyrrolidinetetraone (series D). In each series, the tricyclic nitrogen heterocyclic moiety has been synthesised by a one-pot multicomponent reaction. Compared to 7-DX used as control, 2d, 2l, 2p (series A), 28a (series D), and the open intermediate 30 showed modest to good activities. A kinetic study confirmed that the most active compounds 2d, 2p are competitive inhibitors. Molecular docking analysis confirmed the interaction of these new compounds at the active binding site of TP and highlighted a plausible specific interaction in a pocket that had not yet been explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Aknin
- Faculté de Santé, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Cibles Thérapeutiques et Conception de Médicaments (CiTCoM), CNRS UMR8038, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Bontemps
- Faculté de Santé, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Cibles Thérapeutiques et Conception de Médicaments (CiTCoM), CNRS UMR8038, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Amaury Farce
- Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Eric Merlet
- Faculté de Santé, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Cibles Thérapeutiques et Conception de Médicaments (CiTCoM), CNRS UMR8038, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Belmont
- Faculté de Santé, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Cibles Thérapeutiques et Conception de Médicaments (CiTCoM), CNRS UMR8038, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Helissey
- Faculté de Santé, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Cibles Thérapeutiques et Conception de Médicaments (CiTCoM), CNRS UMR8038, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Chavatte
- Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Marie-Agnès Sari
- Faculté des Sciences, CNRS, UMR 8601, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sylviane Giorgi-Renault
- Faculté de Santé, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Cibles Thérapeutiques et Conception de Médicaments (CiTCoM), CNRS UMR8038, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Desbène-Finck
- Faculté de Santé, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Cibles Thérapeutiques et Conception de Médicaments (CiTCoM), CNRS UMR8038, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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5
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Dorababu A. Evolution of uracil based thymidine phosphorylase inhibitors, SAR and electronic correlation: revisit. Drug Dev Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atukuri Dorababu
- Department of Studies in ChemistrySRMPP Govt. First Grade College Huvinahadagali Karnataka India
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6
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de Moura Sperotto ND, Deves Roth C, Rodrigues-Junior VS, Ev Neves C, Reisdorfer Paula F, da Silva Dadda A, Bergo P, Freitas de Freitas T, Souza Macchi F, Moura S, Duarte de Souza AP, Campos MM, Valim Bizarro C, Santos DS, Basso LA, Machado P. Design of Novel Inhibitors of Human Thymidine Phosphorylase: Synthesis, Enzyme Inhibition, in Vitro Toxicity, and Impact on Human Glioblastoma Cancer. J Med Chem 2019; 62:1231-1245. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fávero Reisdorfer Paula
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Controle de Qualidade em Medicamentos, Universidade Federal do Pampa, 97508-000 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Sidnei Moura
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, 95070-560 Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
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7
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Tada Y, Kazuno H, Sato T, Suzuki N, Emura T, Yano S. Molecular modeling study of the thymidine phosphorylase inhibitor by SBDD and classical QSAR analysis. CHEM-BIO INFORMATICS JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1273/cbij.17.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Tada
- Department of Computational Intelligence and System Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Hideki Kazuno
- Tsukuba Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Tsutomu Sato
- Tsukuba Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
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8
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Aquino EDC, Lobo MM, Leonel G, Martins MAP, Bonacorso HG, Zanatta N. Efficient Synthesis of (1,2,3-Triazol-1-yl)methylpyrimidines from 5-Bromo-1,1,1-trifluoro-4-methoxypent-3-en-2-one. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Estefania da C. Aquino
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE); Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; 97105-900 Santa Maria Brazil
| | - Marcio M. Lobo
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE); Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; 97105-900 Santa Maria Brazil
| | - Guilherme Leonel
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE); Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; 97105-900 Santa Maria Brazil
| | - Marcos A. P. Martins
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE); Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; 97105-900 Santa Maria Brazil
| | - Helio G. Bonacorso
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE); Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; 97105-900 Santa Maria Brazil
| | - Nilo Zanatta
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE); Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; 97105-900 Santa Maria Brazil
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9
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Shelton J, Lu X, Hollenbaugh JA, Cho JH, Amblard F, Schinazi RF. Metabolism, Biochemical Actions, and Chemical Synthesis of Anticancer Nucleosides, Nucleotides, and Base Analogs. Chem Rev 2016; 116:14379-14455. [PMID: 27960273 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nucleoside, nucleotide, and base analogs have been in the clinic for decades to treat both viral pathogens and neoplasms. More than 20% of patients on anticancer chemotherapy have been treated with one or more of these analogs. This review focuses on the chemical synthesis and biology of anticancer nucleoside, nucleotide, and base analogs that are FDA-approved and in clinical development since 2000. We highlight the cellular biology and clinical biology of analogs, drug resistance mechanisms, and compound specificity towards different cancer types. Furthermore, we explore analog syntheses as well as improved and scale-up syntheses. We conclude with a discussion on what might lie ahead for medicinal chemists, biologists, and physicians as they try to improve analog efficacy through prodrug strategies and drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadd Shelton
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , 1760 Haygood Drive, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Xiao Lu
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , 1760 Haygood Drive, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Joseph A Hollenbaugh
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , 1760 Haygood Drive, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Jong Hyun Cho
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , 1760 Haygood Drive, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Franck Amblard
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , 1760 Haygood Drive, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Raymond F Schinazi
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , 1760 Haygood Drive, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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10
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Geisman AN, Valuev-Elliston VT, Ozerov AA, Khandazhinskaya AL, Chizhov AO, Kochetkov SN, Pannecouque C, Naesens L, Seley-Radtke KL, Novikov MS. 1,6-Bis[(benzyloxy)methyl]uracil derivatives-Novel antivirals with activity against HIV-1 and influenza H1N1 virus. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:2476-2485. [PMID: 27112451 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A series of 1,6-bis[(benzyloxy)methyl]uracil derivatives combining structural features of both diphenyl ether and pyridone types of NNRTIs were synthesized. Target compounds were found to inhibit HIV-1 reverse transcriptase at micro- and submicromolar levels of concentrations and exhibited anti-HIV-1 activity in MT-4 cell culture, demonstrating resistance profile similar to first generation NNRTIs. The synthesized compounds also showed profound activity against influenza virus (H1N1) in MDCK cell culture without detectable cytotoxicity. The lead compound of this assay appeared to exceed rimantadine, amantadine, ribavirin and oseltamivir carboxylate in activity. The mechanism of action of 1,6-bis[(benzyloxy)methyl]uracils against influenza virus is currently under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Geisman
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Toxicological Chemistry, Volgograd State Medical University, Pavshikh Bortsov Sq., 1, Volgograd 400131, Russia
| | - Vladimir T Valuev-Elliston
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Vavilov Str., 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander A Ozerov
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Toxicological Chemistry, Volgograd State Medical University, Pavshikh Bortsov Sq., 1, Volgograd 400131, Russia
| | - Anastasia L Khandazhinskaya
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Vavilov Str., 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander O Chizhov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Leninsky pr., 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Sergey N Kochetkov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Vavilov Str., 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Christophe Pannecouque
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieve Naesens
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katherine L Seley-Radtke
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
| | - Mikhail S Novikov
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Toxicological Chemistry, Volgograd State Medical University, Pavshikh Bortsov Sq., 1, Volgograd 400131, Russia
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11
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2-Arylquinazolin-4(3H)-ones: A novel class of thymidine phosphorylase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2015; 63:142-51. [PMID: 26547232 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thymidine phosphorylase (TP) over expression plays an important role in several pathological conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, chronic inflammatory diseases, psoriasis, and tumor angiogenesis. In this regard, a series of twenty-five 2-arylquinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives 1-25 were evaluated for thymidine phosphorylase inhibitory activity. Six compounds 5, 6, 20, 2, 23, and 3 were found to be active against thymidine phosphorylase enzyme with IC50 values in the range of 42.9-294.6μM. 7-Deazaxanthine (IC50=41.0±1.63μM) was used as a standard inhibitor. Compound 5 showed a significant activity (IC50=42.9±1.0μM), comparable to the standard. The enzyme kinetic studies on the most active compounds 5, 6, and 20 were performed for the determination of their modes of inhibition, and dissociation constants Ki. All active compounds were found to be largely non-cytotoxic against the mouse fibroblast 3T3 cell line. This study identifies a novel class of thymidine phosphorylase inhibitors which may be further investigated as leads to develop therapeutic agents.
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12
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Chemical synthesis, molecular modelling, and evaluation of anticancer activity of some pyrazol-3-one Schiff base derivatives. Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-1064-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Zhang L, Tang X, Cao Y, Wu S, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Guo Y, Tian C, Zhang Z, Liu J, Wang X. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 2-arylalkylthio-5-iodine-6-substituted-benzyl-pyrimidine-4(3H)-ones as potent HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Molecules 2014; 19:7104-21. [PMID: 24886938 PMCID: PMC6271041 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19067104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel series of 2-arylalkylthio-5-iodine-6-substitutedbenzyl-pyrimidine-4(3H)-ones (S-DABOs) 8a-x had been synthesized via an efficient method. Their biological activity against HIV virus and RT assay were evaluated. Some compounds, especially 8h, 8l and 8n, displayed promising activity against HIV-1 RT with IC50 values in a range of 0.41 μM to 0.71 μM, which were much better than that of nevirapine. Molecular modeling studies revealed that the binding mode would be affected via forming an additional hydrogen bond by incorporating an oxygen atom on the C-2 side chain. The biological activity was in accordance with the docking results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaowan Tang
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuanyuan Cao
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shaotong Wu
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jianxiong Zhao
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chao Tian
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhili Zhang
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Junyi Liu
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Bera H, Dolzhenko AV, Sun L, Dutta Gupta S, Chui WK. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazine derivatives as thymidine phosphorylase inhibitors. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 82:351-60. [PMID: 23758794 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In our lead finding program, a series of 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazine derivatives were synthesized, and their in vitro thymidine phosphorylase inhibitory potential was explored. Among the different derivatives, compounds having keto group (C = O) at C7 and thioketo group (C = S) at C5 positions showed varying degrees of TP inhibitory activity comparable with positive control, 7-deazaxanthine (7-DX, 2) (IC50 value = 42.63 μm). Enzyme inhibition kinetics study suggested that compound IVn behaved as a mixed-type inhibitor of the enzyme with respect to thymidine (dThd) as a variable substrate. Compound IVn was also found to inhibit PMA-induced MMP-9 expression in MDA-MB-231 cells at sublethal concentrations. Computational docking study was performed to illustrate the enzyme inhibition kinetics and to explore the ligand-enzyme interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hriday Bera
- Gokaraju Rangaraju College of Pharmacy, Bachupally, Hyderabad, 500090, India; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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15
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Lahsasni SA. Microwave- and ultrasound-assisted synthesis of some acyclonucleobases based on a uracil moiety using dmap as base. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2014; 32:439-52. [PMID: 23895354 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2013.809457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, 1-(bromoalkanoyl)-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-diones, (2,4-dioxo-pyrimidin-1-yl)-oxo-alkanoic acids, and bis(2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrimidin-1-yl)-alkanones were successfully prepared via electrophilic substitution of uracil and its derivatives. High yields and pure products were obtained when microwave and ultrasound methodologies were used for undertaking the reactions. Importantly, the use of 4-dimethylaminopyridine in the present investigation gave rise to higher conversions of the starting material and afforded facile access to regioselective N-1 products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siham A Lahsasni
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Center for Female Scientific and Medical Colleges, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia.
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16
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Ortiz S, Alcolea Palafox M, Rastogi VK, Akitsu T, Hubert Joe I, Kumar S. Simulation of a tetramer form of 5-chlorouracil: the vibrational spectra and molecular structure in the isolated and in the solid state by using DFT calculations. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 110:404-418. [PMID: 23583877 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A Raman and FT-IR study of the biomolecule 5-chlorouracil in the solid state was carried out. The unit cell found in the crystal was simulated as a tetramer form by density functional calculations. They were performed to clarify the assignments of the experimentally observed bands in the spectra. Calculations in the monomer form and comparisons with the experimental data in Ar matrix were also carried out. The error in the calculated frequencies was analyzed and reduced by using scaling equations and scaling factors deduced from the uracil molecule. The calculations with the B3LYP method and with the 6-31G(d,p) and 6-311+G(2d,p) basis set, appear in general to be useful, when combining with a scaling equation procedure or with the specific scale factors, for interpretation of the general features of the IR and Raman spectra. The scaled values were used in the reassignment of the IR and Raman experimental bands. Comparison of the results with those determined in uracil and 5-halogenated derivatives were performed. The substitution at 5-position of the uracil ring by a chlorine atom has a little effect on the geometric parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ortiz
- Departamento de Química-Física I, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain
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Pomeisl K, Horská K, Pohl R, Blažek J, Krečmerová M. Syntheses of 1-[2-(Phosphonomethoxy)Alkyl] thymine monophosphates and an evaluation of their inhibitory activity toward human thymidine phosphorylase. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2012; 31:159-71. [PMID: 22356232 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2011.648361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of new monophosphates of 1-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)alkyl]thymines, such as PMPTp(,) 3-MeO-PMPTp, HPMPTp, and FPMPTp, were synthesized and tested for their ability to inhibit human thymidine phosphorylase. Kinetic measurements of enzyme activity were performed using thymidine and inorganic phosphate as the substrates. The data show that some monophosphates provide a considerable increase of the multisubstrate inhibitory effect. The highest inhibitory potency was found with (R)-FPMPTp 4c (K (i) (dT) = 4.09 ± 0.47 μM, K (i)(P(i)) = 2.13 ± 0.29 μM) and (R) 3-MeO-PMPTp 4d (K (i) (dT) = 5.78 ± 0.71 μM, K (i)(P(i)) = 2.71 ± 0.37 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Pomeisl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i. , Prague, Czech Republic.
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18
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McNally VA, Rajabi M, Gbaj A, Stratford IJ, Edwards PN, Douglas KT, Bryce RA, Jaffar M, Freeman S. Design, synthesis and enzymatic evaluation of 6-bridged imidazolyluracil derivatives as inhibitors of human thymidine phosphorylase. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 59:537-47. [PMID: 17430637 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.59.4.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A series of novel imidazolyluracil conjugates were rationally designed and synthesised to probe the active site constraints of the angiogenic enzyme, thymidine phosphorylase (TP, E.C. 2.4.2.4). The lead compound in the series, 15d, showed good binding in the active site of human TP with an inhibition in the low μM range. The absence of a methylene bridge between the uracil and the imidazolyl sub-units (series 16) decreased potency (up to 3-fold). Modelling suggested that active site residues Arg202, Ser217 and His116 are important for inhibitor binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia A McNally
- School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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19
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Bardagí JI, Rossi RA. Advances in the Synthesis of 5- and 6-Substituted Uracil Derivatives. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00304940903378776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier I. Bardagí
- a INFIQC, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas , Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria , 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Roberto A. Rossi
- a INFIQC, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas , Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria , 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
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20
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Mukai T, Taketomi M, Tashiro M, Yamamoto F, Maeda M. 6-[(2-Iminopyrrolidinyl)methyl]-5-[125I]iodouracil as a potential thymidine phosphorylase-targeted radiopharmaceutical: synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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21
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Takahashi M, Seki KI, Nishijima KI, Zhao S, Kuge Y, Tamaki N, Ohkura K. Synthesis of a radioiodinated thymidine phosphorylase inhibitor and its preliminary evaluation as a potential SPECT tracer for angiogenic enzyme expression. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Temmink OH, Emura T, de Bruin M, Fukushima M, Peters GJ. Therapeutic potential of the dual-targeted TAS-102 formulation in the treatment of gastrointestinal malignancies. Cancer Sci 2007; 98:779-89. [PMID: 17441963 PMCID: PMC11158373 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2007.00477.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatment modalities for cancer combine cytotoxic drugs against DNA and novel targeted drugs affecting signal transduction pathways, which are required for growth progression and metastasizing tumors. Classical chemotherapeutic regimens for gastro-intestinal tumors include antimetabolites based on 5-fluorouracil (5FU), the platinum analog oxaliplatin and the topoisomerase inhibitor irinotecan. The thymidine analog trifluorothymidine (TFT) has been shown to bypass resistance pathways for 5FU derivatives (S-1, UFT, Xeloda) in model systems, while concurrent application with a thymidine phosphorylase inhibitor (TPI) increases the bioavailability of TFT, thereby potentiating the in vivo efficacy of TFT. The formulation TAS-102 is given orally in a 1.0:0.5 molar ratio (TFT:TPI). The formulation is dual-targeted due to the cytotoxic effect of TFT, which is enhanced by TPI, while TPI also exerts antiangiogenic effects by inhibiting thymidine phosphorylase (TP), also known as platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor. Evidence is accumulating from in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies that these properties favor further combinations with other cytotoxic agents currently being used in the treatment of gastro-intestinal tumors. Also treatment with targeted agents will synergistically down-regulate signal transduction pathways responsible for growth and progression of tumors. In this review, we summarize the available information on (clinical) pharmacology, mechanisms of action, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, early clinical trials and future directions of the new potent combination drug TAS-102.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf H Temmink
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1007 MB, The Netherlands
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23
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Giatromanolaki A, Sivridis E, Koukourakis MI. Angiogenesis in colorectal cancer: prognostic and therapeutic implications. Am J Clin Oncol 2006; 29:408-17. [PMID: 16891872 DOI: 10.1097/01.coc.0000221317.56731.4e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is important for tumor growth and metastasis. This account reviews the clinicopathological studies conducted in the field of angiogenesis in colorectal cancer, the methods of assessing vascular-related characteristics in tissue sections and provides a background for the usefulness of antiangiogenic policies along with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Highly angiogenic colorectal tumors are associated with aggressive histopathological features and poor patients' survival. Similarly, factors stimulating angiogenesis, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), thymidine phosphorylase (TP), and others, are commonly related to increased vascular density (VD) and, therefore, to an unfavorable clinical course. Anti-VEGF agents have improved prognosis in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, when added to standard chemotherapy. It is expected that, in addition to adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy, agents blocking the stimulatory effect of VEGF on endothelial cells would prove beneficial to the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Giatromanolaki
- Department of Pathology, Democritus University of Thrace Medical School, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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24
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Nencka R, Votruba I, Hrebabecký H, Tloust'ová E, Horská K, Masojídková M, Holý A. Design and synthesis of novel 5,6-disubstituted uracil derivatives as potent inhibitors of thymidine phosphorylase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:1335-7. [PMID: 16337119 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2005] [Revised: 11/14/2005] [Accepted: 11/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We report on a series of novel 5,6-disubstituted uracils with significant inhibitory activity against human and Escherichia coli thymidine phosphorylases. Bis-uracil conjugates were identified as the most potent inhibitors of TPs in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radim Nencka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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25
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Thymidine phosphorylase (platelet-derived endothelial-cell growth factor) in cancer biology and treatment. Lancet Oncol 2005; 6:158-66. [PMID: 15737832 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(05)01766-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Thymidine phosphorylase (TP) is often induced in the tumour microenvironment by physiological and chemical stress. Its induction protects cells from apoptosis and helps cell survival by stimulating nucleoside metabolism and angiogenesis. Chemotherapy often upregulates TP, which acts in cell rescue; this result indicates that TP is a crucial therapeutic target. Clinical trials for metastatic diseases have shown that TP-targeting chemotherapy with fluorouracil derivatives greatly improves the effectiveness of conventional chemotherapy for not only response but also prognosis. This new idea, the improvement of TP-inducible therapy with TP-targeting therapy, should be further investigated for early disease states, and inhibitors of TP warrant extensive investigation.
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Corelli F, Botta M, Lossani A, Pasquini S, Spadari S, Focher F. Microwave-assisted synthesis and biological evaluation of novel uracil derivatives inhibiting human thymidine phosphorylase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 59:987-92. [PMID: 15598434 DOI: 10.1016/j.farmac.2004.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2004] [Accepted: 08/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
New 5-chloro-6-substituted-uracil derivatives have been prepared by microwave assisted-synthesis and tested in vitro as thymidine phosphorylase inhibitors. One of these compounds showed potent inhibitory activity, with an IC50 value in the submicromolar range. The biological activity of the new compounds is discussed in terms of structure-activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Corelli
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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Yano S, Kazuno H, Sato T, Suzuki N, Emura T, Wierzba K, Yamashita JI, Tada Y, Yamada Y, Fukushima M, Asao T. Synthesis and evaluation of 6-methylene-bridged uracil derivatives. Part 2: Optimization of inhibitors of human thymidine phosphorylase and their selectivity with uridine phosphorylase. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:3443-50. [PMID: 15186830 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2004] [Revised: 04/28/2004] [Accepted: 04/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel 6-methylene-bridged uracil derivatives have been optimized for clinical use as the inhibitors of human thymidine phosphorylase (TP). We describe their synthesis and evaluation. Introduction of a guanidino or an amidino group enhanced the in vitro inhibitory activity of TP comparing with formerly reported inhibitor 1. Their selectivity for TP based on uridine phosphorylase inhibitory activity was also evaluated. Compound 2 (TPI) has been selected for clinical evaluation based on its strong TP inhibition and excellent modulation of 2'-deoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)uridine (F(3)dThd) pharmacokinetics. As a result, TAS-102 (a combination of F(3)dThd and TPI) is currently in phase 1 clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Yano
- Hanno Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 1-27 Misugidai, Hanno-shi, Saitama 357-8527, Japan.
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