1
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Design and synthesis of analogues of the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 agonist IMMH001 with improved phosphorylation rate in human blood. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115722. [PMID: 33065444 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
IMMH001, which is a prodrug for sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) agonist, is converted to the active form, its monophosphate ester (S)-IMMH001-P, by sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) and sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2) in vivo. In this study, we designed head-piece-modified analogues of IMMH001 based on structural information and prepared them with an efficient modular synthetic strategy. The analogues showed higher phosphorylation rates in human blood than the parent compound. These results indicated that the pro-R hydroxymethyl in the head-piece-moiety of IMMH001 prevents the pro-S hydroxymethyl from being phosphorylated by the kinase and ATP. The analogues may have better therapeutic potential.
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2
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Xiao Q, Hu M, Chen S, Jin J, Li L, Hu J, Xie P, Yin D. S1P 1-selective agonist prodrug IMMH002 is phosphorylated in rats to form an S-configured enantiomer: Synthesis, verification, and biological activity of the in vivo active metabolite. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127141. [PMID: 32249117 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
IMMH002 (1), a prodrug for a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) agonist, is converted to the monophosphate ester, which has an immunomodulatory effect. Starting from prochiral amino alcohol 1, racemic and enantiomerically pure phosphates of 1 were synthesized. Pure enantiomers were obtained after the chiral resolution of the key intermediate by chiral high-performance liquid chromatography and the absolute configuration was determined by circular dichroism. In the in vitro homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence-IP1 functional assay, the (S)-enantiomer showed much higher S1P1 activity and selectivity than the (R)-enantiomer. In the pharmacokinetic study, the ex vivo o-phthaldialdehyde derivatization protocol showed that the phosphate of 1 in rats was the S-configured enantiomer with >99% enantiomeric excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Xiao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Minwan Hu
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jinping Hu
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Ping Xie
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Dali Yin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China.
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3
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Ogle ME, Olingy CE, Awojoodu AO, Das A, Ortiz RA, Cheung HY, Botchwey EA. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor-3 Supports Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Residence Within the Bone Marrow Niche. Stem Cells 2017; 35:1040-1052. [PMID: 28026131 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) egress from bone marrow (BM) during homeostasis and at increased rates during stress; however, the mechanisms regulating their trafficking remain incompletely understood. Here we describe a novel role for lipid receptor, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 (S1PR3), in HSPC residence within the BM niche. HSPCs expressed increased levels of S1PR3 compared to differentiated BM cells. Pharmacological antagonism or knockout (KO) of S1PR3 mobilized HSPCs into blood circulation, suggesting that S1PR3 influences niche localization. S1PR3 antagonism suppressed BM and plasma SDF-1, enabling HSPCs to migrate toward S1P-rich plasma. Mobilization synergized with AMD3100-mediated antagonism of CXCR4, which tethers HSPCs in the niche, and recovered homing deficits of AMD3100-treated grafts. S1PR3 antagonism combined with AMD3100 improved re-engraftment and survival in lethally irradiated recipients. Our studies indicate that S1PR3 and CXCR4 signaling cooperate to maintain HSPCs within the niche under homeostasis. These results highlight an important role for S1PR3 in HSPC niche occupancy and trafficking that can be harnessed for both rapid clinical stem cell mobilization and re-engraftment strategies, as well as the opportunity to design novel therapeutics for control of recruitment, homing, and localization through bioactive lipid signaling. Stem Cells 2017;35:1040-1052.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly E Ogle
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Claire E Olingy
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Anthony O Awojoodu
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Anusuya Das
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Rafael A Ortiz
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hoi Yin Cheung
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Edward A Botchwey
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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4
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Xiao Q, Jin J, Wang X, Hu J, Xi M, Tian Y, Yin D. Synthesis, identification, and biological activity of metabolites of two novel selective S1P1 agonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:2273-9. [PMID: 27068143 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
SYL927 and SYL930 are selective S1P1 agonists under preclinical development. However, during their pharmacokinetic studies we detected two metabolites in rat blood that were tentatively identified as monohydroxylated metabolites of SYL927 and SYL930 based on LC-MS/MS data. In this study, we designed and synthesized possible monohydroxylated products 6a-e and used them as references to confirm the structures of the two metabolites detected by LC-MS/MS. We also evaluated the in vitro and in vivo biological activities of these two metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, PR China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica & Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Jing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Xiaojian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, PR China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica & Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Jinping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Meiyang Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, PR China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica & Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Yulin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, PR China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica & Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Dali Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, PR China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica & Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, PR China.
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5
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Horan JC, Kuzmich D, Liu P, DiSalvo D, Lord J, Mao C, Hopkins TD, Yu H, Harcken C, Betageri R, Hill-Drzewi M, Patenaude L, Patel M, Fletcher K, Terenzzio D, Linehan B, Xia H, Patel M, Studwell D, Miller C, Hickey E, Levin JI, Smith D, Kemper RA, Modis LK, Bannen LC, Chan DS, Mac MB, Ng S, Wang Y, Xu W, Lemieux RM. Late-stage optimization of a tercyclic class of S1P3-sparing, S1P1 receptor agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:466-471. [PMID: 26687487 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.11.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Poor solubility and cationic amphiphilic drug-likeness were liabilities identified for a lead series of S1P3-sparing, S1P1 agonists originally developed from a high-throughput screening campaign. This work describes the subsequent optimization of these leads by balancing potency, selectivity, solubility and overall molecular charge. Focused SAR studies revealed favorable structural modifications that, when combined, produced compounds with overall balanced profiles. The low brain exposure observed in rat suggests that these compounds would be best suited for the potential treatment of peripheral autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C Horan
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States.
| | - Daniel Kuzmich
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Pingrong Liu
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Darren DiSalvo
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - John Lord
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Can Mao
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Tamara D Hopkins
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Hui Yu
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Christian Harcken
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Raj Betageri
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Melissa Hill-Drzewi
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Lori Patenaude
- Inflammation and Immunology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Monica Patel
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Kimberly Fletcher
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Donna Terenzzio
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Brian Linehan
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Heather Xia
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Mita Patel
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Debbie Studwell
- Non-Clinical Drug Safety, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Craig Miller
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Eugene Hickey
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Jeremy I Levin
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Dustin Smith
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Raymond A Kemper
- Non-Clinical Drug Safety, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Louise K Modis
- Inflammation and Immunology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Lynne C Bannen
- Medicinal Chemistry, Exelixis, 210 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Diva S Chan
- Medicinal Chemistry, Exelixis, 210 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Morrison B Mac
- Medicinal Chemistry, Exelixis, 210 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Stephanie Ng
- Medicinal Chemistry, Exelixis, 210 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Yong Wang
- Medicinal Chemistry, Exelixis, 210 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Wei Xu
- Medicinal Chemistry, Exelixis, 210 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - René M Lemieux
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
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6
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Methods for Testing Immunological Factors. DRUG DISCOVERY AND EVALUATION: PHARMACOLOGICAL ASSAYS 2016. [PMCID: PMC7122208 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-05392-9_45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Hypersensitivity reactions can be elicited by various factors: either immunologically induced, i.e., allergic reactions to natural or synthetic compounds mediated by IgE, or non-immunologically induced, i.e., activation of mediator release from cells through direct contact, without the induction of, or the mediation through immune responses. Mediators responsible for hypersensitivity reactions are released from mast cells. An important preformed mediator of allergic reactions found in these cells is histamine. Specific allergens or the calcium ionophore 48/80 induce release of histamine from mast cells. The histamine concentration can be determined with the o-phthalaldehyde reaction.
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7
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Yan N, Chen K, Bai X, Bi L, Yao L. A concise synthesis of Fingolimod: an orally available drug for treating multiple sclerosis. Chem Cent J 2015; 9:5. [PMID: 25657817 PMCID: PMC4317520 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-015-0081-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A concise route for the synthesis of Fingolimod is reported. Starting
from n-octylbenzene and 3-nitropropionic acid, a sequence of reactions consisting of
Friedel-Crafts acylation, reduction, and double Henry reaction, followed by
hydrogenation were applied to prepare Fingolimod with a yield of 31%, and an overall
atom economy of 82.7%. Starting from 3-nitropropanyl chloride,
Fingolimod was obtained in 4 steps with an overall yield of
31%. ![]()
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8
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Schilson SS, Keul P, Shaikh RS, Schäfers M, Levkau B, Haufe G. Synthesis of new ligands for targeting the S1P1 receptor. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:1011-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Buzard DJ, Schrader TO, Zhu X, Lehmann J, Johnson B, Kasem M, Kim SH, Kawasaki A, Lopez L, Moody J, Han S, Gao Y, Edwards J, Barden J, Thatte J, Gatlin J, Jones RM. Design and synthesis of new tricyclic indoles as potent modulators of the S1P1 receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:659-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.11.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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Buzard DJ, Kim SH, Lopez L, Kawasaki A, Zhu X, Moody J, Thoresen L, Calderon I, Ullman B, Han S, Lehmann J, Gharbaoui T, Sengupta D, Calvano L, Montalban AG, Ma YA, Sage C, Gao Y, Semple G, Edwards J, Barden J, Morgan M, Chen W, Usmani K, Chen C, Sadeque A, Christopher RJ, Thatte J, Fu L, Solomon M, Mills D, Whelan K, Al-Shamma H, Gatlin J, Le M, Gaidarov I, Anthony T, Unett DJ, Blackburn A, Rueter J, Stirn S, Behan DP, Jones RM. Discovery of APD334: Design of a Clinical Stage Functional Antagonist of the Sphingosine-1-phosphate-1 Receptor. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:1313-7. [PMID: 25516790 DOI: 10.1021/ml500389m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
APD334 was discovered as part of our internal effort to identify potent, centrally available, functional antagonists of the S1P1 receptor for use as next generation therapeutics for treating multiple sclerosis (MS) and other autoimmune diseases. APD334 is a potent functional antagonist of S1P1 and has a favorable PK/PD profile, producing robust lymphocyte lowering at relatively low plasma concentrations in several preclinical species. This new agent was efficacious in a mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS and a rat collagen induced arthritis (CIA) model and was found to have appreciable central exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Buzard
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge
Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Sun Hee Kim
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge
Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Luis Lopez
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge
Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Andrew Kawasaki
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge
Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Xiuwen Zhu
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge
Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jeanne Moody
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge
Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Lars Thoresen
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge
Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Imelda Calderon
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge
Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Brett Ullman
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge
Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Sangdon Han
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge
Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Juerg Lehmann
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge
Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Tawfik Gharbaoui
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge
Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Dipanjan Sengupta
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge
Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Lorene Calvano
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge
Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | | | - You-An Ma
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge
Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Carleton Sage
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge
Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Yinghong Gao
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge
Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Graeme Semple
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge
Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jeff Edwards
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge
Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jeremy Barden
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge
Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Michael Morgan
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge
Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Weichao Chen
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge
Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Khawja Usmani
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge
Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Chuan Chen
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge
Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Abu Sadeque
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge
Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Ronald J. Christopher
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge
Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jayant Thatte
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge
Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Lixia Fu
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge
Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Michelle Solomon
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge
Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - David Mills
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge
Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Kevin Whelan
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge
Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Hussien Al-Shamma
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge
Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Joel Gatlin
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge
Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Minh Le
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge
Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Ibragim Gaidarov
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge
Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Todd Anthony
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge
Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - David J. Unett
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge
Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Anthony Blackburn
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge
Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jaimie Rueter
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge
Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Scott Stirn
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge
Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Dominic P. Behan
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge
Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Robert M. Jones
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge
Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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11
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Buzard DJ, Lopez L, Moody J, Kawasaki A, Schrader TO, Kasem M, Johnson B, Zhu X, Thoresen L, Kim SH, Gharbaoui T, Sengupta D, Calvano L, Krishnan A, Gao Y, Semple G, Edwards J, Barden J, Morgan M, Usmani K, Chen C, Sadeque A, Chen W, Christopher RJ, Thatte J, Fu L, Solomon M, Whelan K, Al-Shamma H, Gatlin J, Gaidarov I, Anthony T, Le M, Unett DJ, Stirn S, Blackburn A, Behan DP, Jones RM. (7-Benzyloxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]indol-1-yl)acetic Acids as S1P1 Functional Antagonists. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:1334-9. [PMID: 25516794 DOI: 10.1021/ml500422m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
S1P1 is a validated target for treatment of autoimmune disease, and functional antagonists with superior safety and pharmacokinetic properties are being sought as second generation therapeutics. We describe the discovery and optimization of (7-benzyloxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]indol-1-yl)acetic acids as potent, centrally available, direct acting S1P1 functional antagonists, with favorable pharmacokinetic and safety properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Buzard
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Luis Lopez
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jeanne Moody
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Andrew Kawasaki
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Thomas O. Schrader
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Michelle Kasem
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Ben Johnson
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Xiuwen Zhu
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Lars Thoresen
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Sun Hee Kim
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Tawfik Gharbaoui
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Dipanjan Sengupta
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Lorene Calvano
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Ashwin Krishnan
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Yinghong Gao
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Graeme Semple
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jeff Edwards
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jeremy Barden
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Michael Morgan
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Khawja Usmani
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Chuan Chen
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Abu Sadeque
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Weichao Chen
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Ronald J. Christopher
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jayant Thatte
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Lixia Fu
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Michelle Solomon
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Kevin Whelan
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Hussien Al-Shamma
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Joel Gatlin
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Ibragim Gaidarov
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Todd Anthony
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Minh Le
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - David J. Unett
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Scott Stirn
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Anthony Blackburn
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Dominic P. Behan
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Robert M. Jones
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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12
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Ogle ME, Sefcik LS, Awojoodu AO, Chiappa NF, Lynch K, Peirce-Cottler S, Botchwey EA. Engineering in vivo gradients of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor ligands for localized microvascular remodeling and inflammatory cell positioning. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:4704-4714. [PMID: 25128750 PMCID: PMC4529737 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterial-mediated controlled release of soluble signaling molecules is a tissue engineering approach to spatially control processes of inflammation, microvascular remodeling and host cell recruitment, and to generate biochemical gradients in vivo. Lipid mediators, such as sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), are recognized for their essential roles in spatial guidance, signaling and highly regulated endogenous gradients. S1P and pharmacological analogs such as FTY720 are therapeutically attractive targets for their critical roles in the trafficking of cells between blood and tissue spaces, both physiologically and pathophysiologically. However, the interaction of locally delivered sphingolipids with the complex metabolic networks controlling the flux of lipid species in inflamed tissue has yet to be elucidated. In this study, complementary in vitro and in vivo approaches are investigated to identify relationships between polymer composition, drug release kinetics, S1P metabolic activity, signaling gradients and spatial positioning of circulating cells around poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) biomaterials. Results demonstrate that biomaterial-based gradients of S1P are short-lived in the tissue due to degradation by S1P lyase, an enzyme that irreversibly degrades intracellular S1P. On the other hand, in vivo gradients of the more stable compound, FTY720, enhance microvascular remodeling by selectively recruiting an anti-inflammatory subset of monocytes (S1P3(high)) to the biomaterial. Results highlight the need to better understand the endogenous balance of lipid import/export machinery and lipid kinase/phosphatase activity in order to design biomaterial products that spatially control the innate immune environment to maximize regenerative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly E. Ogle
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Lauren S. Sefcik
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Lafayette College, 740 High Street, Easton, PA 18042
| | - Anthony O. Awojoodu
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Nathan F. Chiappa
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Kevin Lynch
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903
| | - Shayn Peirce-Cottler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903
| | - Edward A. Botchwey
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903
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13
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Hikawa H, Hamada M, Uchida Y, Kikkawa S, Yokoyama Y, Azumaya I. Enantioselective desymmetrization of FTY720. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2014; 62:1041-4. [PMID: 25273063 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c14-00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A method for enantioselective desymmetrization of N-Ac and N-Boc-FTY720 by nonenzymatic asymmetric acylation was developed. Effective enantioselective monobenzoylation using benzoyl chloride in the presence of the tetraphenylbisoxazoline (L2)-CuCl2 complex gave the desired products 3a and 3b in 52-62% yield with 64% ee.
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14
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Horan JC, Sanyal S, Choi Y, Hill-Drzewi M, Patnaude L, Anderson S, Fogal S, Mao C, Cook BN, Gueneva-Boucheva K, Fisher MB, Hickey E, Pack E, Bannen LC, Chan DS, Mac MB, Ng SM, Wang Y, Xu W, Modis LK, Lemieux RM. Piperazinyl-oxadiazoles as selective sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:4807-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Tsuji T, Suzuki K, Nakamura T, Goto T, Sekiguchi Y, Ikeda T, Fukuda T, Takemoto T, Mizuno Y, Kimura T, Kawase Y, Nara F, Kagari T, Shimozato T, Yahara C, Inaba S, Honda T, Izumi T, Tamura M, Nishi T. Synthesis and SAR studies of benzyl ether derivatives as potent orally active S1P1 agonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:4246-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Coppola KA, Testa JW, Allen EE, Sculimbrene BR. Selective phosphorylation of diols with a Lewis acid catalyst. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Snelder N, Ploeger BA, Luttringer O, Stanski DR, Danhof M. Translational Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Fingolimod (FTY720) as a Paradigm Compound Subject to Sphingosine Kinase-Mediated Phosphorylation. Drug Metab Dispos 2014; 42:1367-78. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.113.056770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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18
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Fused tricyclic indoles as S1P₁ agonists with robust efficacy in animal models of autoimmune disease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:4404-9. [PMID: 22633692 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.04.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two series of fused tricyclic indoles were identified as potent and selective S1P(1) agonists. In vivo these agonists produced a significant reduction in circulating lymphocytes which translated into robust efficacy in several rodent models of autoimmune disease. Importantly, these agonists were devoid of any activity at the S1P(3) receptor in vitro, and correspondingly did not produce S1P(3) mediated bradycardia in telemeterized rat.
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19
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Synthesis and evaluation of CS-2100, a potent, orally active and S1P3- sparing S1P1 agonist. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 51:92-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Nakano T, Miyahara M, Itoh T, Kamimura A. Heck-Matsuda Reaction for Allylic Nitro Compounds: A Short Asymmetric Synthesis of an FTY720 Derivative. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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21
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Liu KKC, Sakya SM, O’Donnell CJ, Flick AC, Ding HX. Synthetic approaches to the 2010 new drugs. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:1155-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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22
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Calzavara J, McNulty J. A convergent synthesis of the immunosuppressant FTY720 employing aqueous Wittig chemistry. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.08.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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23
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Nishi T, Miyazaki S, Takemoto T, Suzuki K, Iio Y, Nakajima K, Ohnuki T, Kawase Y, Nara F, Inaba S, Izumi T, Yuita H, Oshima K, Doi H, Inoue R, Tomisato W, Kagari T, Shimozato T. Discovery of CS-0777: A Potent, Selective, and Orally Active S1P1 Agonist. ACS Med Chem Lett 2011; 2:368-72. [PMID: 24900318 PMCID: PMC4017972 DOI: 10.1021/ml100301k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 02/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
CS-0777 (3) is phosphorylated in vivo, and the phosphate of CS-0777 (CS-0777-P) (4) acts as a selective S1P receptor-1 (S1P1) modulator. We report herein the synthesis of CS-0777 and CS-0777-P, pharmacological effects such as S1P1 and S1P3 agonist activity in vitro, peripheral blood lymphocyte lowering effects and the suppressive effect on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), and also the pharmacokinetics in rats. CS-0777-P had ∼320-fold greater agonist activity for human S1P1 (EC50; 1.1 nM) relative to S1P3 (EC50; 350 nM). Following administration of single oral doses of 0.1 and 1 mg/kg of CS-0777 in rats, lymphocyte counts decreased significantly, with a nadir at 12 h postdose and recovery to vehicle control levels by 5 days postdose. In the EAE model compared to the vehicle-treated group, significant decreases in the cumulative EAE scores were observed for the 0.1 and 1 mg/kg CS-0777 groups in rats. CS-0777 is currently in clinical trials for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahide Nishi
- Lead
Discovery & Optimization Research Laboratories I, Cardiovascular-Metabolics Research
Laboratories, and Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi,
Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 140-8710, Japan
| | - Shojiro Miyazaki
- Lead
Discovery & Optimization Research Laboratories I, Cardiovascular-Metabolics Research
Laboratories, and Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi,
Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 140-8710, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Takemoto
- Lead
Discovery & Optimization Research Laboratories I, Cardiovascular-Metabolics Research
Laboratories, and Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi,
Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 140-8710, Japan
| | - Keisuke Suzuki
- Lead
Discovery & Optimization Research Laboratories I, Cardiovascular-Metabolics Research
Laboratories, and Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi,
Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 140-8710, Japan
| | - Yukiko Iio
- Lead
Discovery & Optimization Research Laboratories I, Cardiovascular-Metabolics Research
Laboratories, and Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi,
Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 140-8710, Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Nakajima
- Lead
Discovery & Optimization Research Laboratories I, Cardiovascular-Metabolics Research
Laboratories, and Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi,
Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 140-8710, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohnuki
- Lead
Discovery & Optimization Research Laboratories I, Cardiovascular-Metabolics Research
Laboratories, and Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi,
Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 140-8710, Japan
| | - Yumi Kawase
- Lead
Discovery & Optimization Research Laboratories I, Cardiovascular-Metabolics Research
Laboratories, and Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi,
Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 140-8710, Japan
| | - Futoshi Nara
- Lead
Discovery & Optimization Research Laboratories I, Cardiovascular-Metabolics Research
Laboratories, and Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi,
Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 140-8710, Japan
| | - Shinichi Inaba
- Lead
Discovery & Optimization Research Laboratories I, Cardiovascular-Metabolics Research
Laboratories, and Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi,
Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 140-8710, Japan
| | - Takashi Izumi
- Lead
Discovery & Optimization Research Laboratories I, Cardiovascular-Metabolics Research
Laboratories, and Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi,
Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 140-8710, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yuita
- Oncology Research
Laboratories and Frontier Research Laboratories, Daiichi
Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-16-13 Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo,
134-8630, Japan
| | - Keiko Oshima
- Oncology Research
Laboratories and Frontier Research Laboratories, Daiichi
Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-16-13 Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo,
134-8630, Japan
| | - Hiromi Doi
- Oncology Research
Laboratories and Frontier Research Laboratories, Daiichi
Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-16-13 Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo,
134-8630, Japan
| | - Ryotaku Inoue
- Oncology Research
Laboratories and Frontier Research Laboratories, Daiichi
Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-16-13 Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo,
134-8630, Japan
| | - Wataru Tomisato
- Oncology Research
Laboratories and Frontier Research Laboratories, Daiichi
Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-16-13 Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo,
134-8630, Japan
| | - Takashi Kagari
- Oncology Research
Laboratories and Frontier Research Laboratories, Daiichi
Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-16-13 Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo,
134-8630, Japan
| | - Takaichi Shimozato
- Oncology Research
Laboratories and Frontier Research Laboratories, Daiichi
Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-16-13 Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo,
134-8630, Japan
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24
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Strader CR, Pearce CJ, Oberlies NH. Fingolimod (FTY720): a recently approved multiple sclerosis drug based on a fungal secondary metabolite. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:900-907. [PMID: 21456524 DOI: 10.1021/np2000528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Fingolimod (Gilenya; FTY720), a synthetic compound based on the fungal secondary metabolite myriocin (ISP-I), is a potent immunosuppressant that was approved (September 2010) by the U.S. FDA as a new treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS). Fingolimod was synthesized by the research group of Tetsuro Fujita at Kyoto University in 1992 while investigating structure-activity relationships of derivatives of the fungal metabolite ISP-I, isolated from Isaria sinclairii. Fingolimod becomes active in vivo following phosphorylation by sphingosine kinase 2 to form fingolimod-phosphate, which binds to extracellular G protein-coupled receptors, sphingosine 1-phosphates, and prevents the release of lymphocytes from lymphoid tissue. Fingolimod is orally active, which is unique among current first-line MS therapies, and it has the potential to be used in the treatment of organ transplants and cancer. This review highlights the discovery and development of fingolimod, from an isolated lead natural product, through synthetic analogues, to an approved drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherilyn R Strader
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, P.O. Box 26170, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402-6170, USA
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25
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Ko RY, Chu JC, Chiu P. Synthesis of fluorinated analogues of the immunosuppressive drug FTY720. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Zollinger M, Gschwind HP, Jin Y, Sayer C, Zécri F, Hartmann S. Absorption and Disposition of the Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor Modulator Fingolimod (FTY720) in Healthy Volunteers: A Case of Xenobiotic Biotransformation Following Endogenous Metabolic Pathways. Drug Metab Dispos 2010; 39:199-207. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.110.035907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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27
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Jin Y, Zollinger M, Borell H, Zimmerlin A, Patten CJ. CYP4F enzymes are responsible for the elimination of fingolimod (FTY720), a novel treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis. Drug Metab Dispos 2010; 39:191-8. [PMID: 21045201 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.110.035378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fingolimod (FTY720, Gilenya, 2-amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl]-1,3-propanediol) is a novel drug recently approved in the United States for the oral treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis. The compound is eliminated predominantly by ω-hydroxylation, followed by further oxidation. The ω-hydroxylation was the major metabolic pathway in human liver microsomes (HLM). The enzyme kinetics in HLM were characterized by a Michaelis-Menten affinity constant (K(m)) of 183 μM and a maximum velocity (V(max)) of 1847 pmol/(min · mg). Rates of fingolimod metabolism by a panel of HLM from individual donors showed no correlation with marker activities of any of the major drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes or of flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO). Among 21 recombinant human P450 enzymes and FMO3, only CYP4F2 (and to some extent CYP4F3B) produced metabolite profiles similar to those in HLM. Ketoconazole, known to inhibit not only CYP3A but also CYP4F2, was an inhibitor of fingolimod metabolism in HLM with an inhibition constant (K(i)) of 0.74 μM (and by recombinant CYP4F2 with an IC(50) of 1.6 μM), whereas there was only a slight inhibition found with azamulin and none with troleandomycin. An antibody against CYP4F2 was able to inhibit the metabolism of fingolimod almost completely in HLM, whereas antibodies specific to CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4 did not show significant inhibition. Combining the results of these four enzyme phenotyping approaches, we demonstrated that CYP4F2 and possibly other enzymes of the CYP4F subfamily (e.g., CYP4F3B) are the major enzymes responsible for the ω-hydroxylation of fingolimod, the main elimination pathway of the drug in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jin
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Basel, Switzerland.
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28
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Lu X, Sun C, Valentine WJ, Shuyu E, Liu J, Tigyi G, Bittman R. Chiral vinylphosphonate and phosphonate analogues of the immunosuppressive agent FTY720. J Org Chem 2009; 74:3192-5. [PMID: 19296586 DOI: 10.1021/jo900023u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The first enantioselective synthesis of chiral isosteric phosphonate analogues of FTY720 is described. One of these analogues, FTY720-(E)-vinylphosphonate (S)-5, but not its R enantiomer, elicited a potent antiapoptotic effect in intestinal epithelial cells, suggesting that it exerts its action via the enantioselective activation of a receptor. (S)-5 failed to activate the sphingosine 1-phosphate type 1 (S1P(1)) receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuequan Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College of The City University of New York, Flushing, New York 11367-1597, USA
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29
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Rosen H, Gonzalez-Cabrera PJ, Sanna MG, Brown S. Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor signaling. Annu Rev Biochem 2009; 78:743-68. [PMID: 19231986 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.biochem.78.072407.103733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor signaling system is a productive model system. A hydrophobic zwitterionic lysophospholipid ligand with difficult physical properties interacts with five high-affinity G protein-coupled receptors to generate multiple downstream signals. These signals modulate homeostasis and pathology on a steep agonist concentration-response curve. Ligand presence is essential for vascular development and endothelial integrity, while acute increases in ligand concentrations result in cardiac death. Understanding this integrated biochemical system has exemplified the impact of both genetics and chemistry. Developing specific tools with defined biochemical properties for the reversible modulation of signals in real time has been essential to complement insights gained from genetic approaches that may be irreversible and compensated. Despite its knife-edge between life and death, this system, based in part on receptor subtype-selectivity and in part on differential attenuation of deleterious signals, now appears to be on the cusp of meaningful therapy for multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh Rosen
- Departments of Chemical Physiology and Immunology and The Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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30
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Nakayama S, Uto Y, Tanimoto K, Okuno Y, Sasaki Y, Nagasawa H, Nakata E, Arai K, Momose K, Fujita T, Hashimoto T, Okamoto Y, Asakawa Y, Goto S, Hori H. TX-2152: A conformationally rigid and electron-rich diyne analogue of FTY720 with in vivo antiangiogenic activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:7705-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2008] [Revised: 07/01/2008] [Accepted: 07/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Zhu R, Snyder AH, Kharel Y, Schaffter L, Sun Q, Kennedy PC, Lynch KR, Macdonald TL. Asymmetric synthesis of conformationally constrained fingolimod analogues--discovery of an orally active sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor type-1 agonist and receptor type-3 antagonist. J Med Chem 2007; 50:6428-35. [PMID: 17994678 PMCID: PMC2895489 DOI: 10.1021/jm7010172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Compound 1 (FTY720, Fingolimod) represents a new generation of immunosuppressant that modulates lymphocyte trafficking by interacting with the S1P(1) receptor. Compound 1 also provides a template molecule for studying the molecular biology of S1P receptors and related enzymes (kinases and phosphatases). In this study, two conformationally constrained analogues of 1 ( 3a and 3c) were asymmetrically synthesized in high optical purity. In vitro assessment documented that both analogues are Sphk2 substrates, their phosphorylated species are potent S1P(1) receptor agonists, and 3a-P is a potent S1P 3 antagonist. After oral administration in mice, both compounds evoked lymphopenia, but their duration of action differed markedly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, USA
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32
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Adachi K, Chiba K. FTY720 Story. Its Discovery and the following Accelerated Development of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor Agonists as Immunomodulators Based on Reverse Pharmacology. PERSPECTIVES IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1177/1177391x0700100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fingolimod (FTY720) is the first of a novel class: sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator and is currently in phase 3 clinical trials for multiple sclerosis (MS). FTY720 was first synthesized in 1992 by chemical modification of an immunosuppressive natural product, ISP-I (myriocin). ISP-I was isolated from the culture broth of Isaria sinclairii, a type of vegetative wasp that was an ‘eternal youth’ nostrum in traditional Chinese medicine. ISP-I is an amino acid having three successive asymmetric centers and some functionalities. We simplified the structure drastically to find a nonchiral symmetric 2-substitued-2-aminopropane-1,3-diol framework for an in vivo immunosuppressive activity (inhibition of rat skin allograft rejection test or prolonging effect on rat skin allograft survival) and finally discovered FTY720. During the course of the lead optimization process, we encountered an unexpected dramatic change of the mechanism of action with an in vivo output unchanged. Since it proved that FTY720 did not inhibit serine palmitoyltransferase that is the target enzyme of ISP-I, reverse pharmacological approaches have been preformed to elucidate that FTY720 is mainly phosphorylated by sphingosine kinease 2 in vivo and the phosphorylated drug acts as a potent agonist of four of the five G protein coupled receptors for S1P: S1P1, S1P3, S1P4 and S1P5. Evidence has accumulated that immunomodulation by FTY720-P is based on agonism at the S1P1 receptor. Medicinal chemistry targeting S1P1 receptor agonists is currently in progress. The FTY720 story provides a methodology where in vivo screens rather than in vitro screens play important roles in the lead optimization. Unlike recent drug discovery methodologies, such a strategy as adopted by the FTY720 program would more likely meet serendipity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunitomo Adachi
- Chemistry Laboratory, Pharmaceuticals Research Division, Mitsubishi Pharma Corporation, 1000, Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, 227-0033, Japan
| | - Kenji Chiba
- Research Laboratory III (Immunology), Pharmaceuticals Research Division, Mitsubishi Pharma Corporation, 1000, Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, 227-0033, Japan
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Dudek SM, Camp SM, Chiang ET, Singleton PA, Usatyuk PV, Zhao Y, Natarajan V, Garcia JGN. Pulmonary endothelial cell barrier enhancement by FTY720 does not require the S1P1 receptor. Cell Signal 2007; 19:1754-64. [PMID: 17475445 PMCID: PMC2682440 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2007.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2007] [Revised: 03/22/2007] [Accepted: 03/22/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Novel therapeutic strategies are needed to reverse the loss of endothelial cell (EC) barrier integrity that occurs during inflammatory disease states such as acute lung injury. We previously demonstrated potent EC barrier augmentation in vivo and in vitro by the platelet-derived phospholipid, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) via ligation of the S1P1 receptor. The S1P analogue, FTY720, similarly exerts barrier-protective vascular effects via presumed S1P1 receptor ligation. We examined the role of the S1P1 receptor in sphingolipid-mediated human lung EC barrier enhancement. Both S1P and FTY-induced sustained, dose-dependent barrier enhancement, reflected by increases in transendothelial electrical resistance (TER), which was abolished by pertussis toxin indicating Gi-coupled receptor activation. FTY-mediated increases in TER exhibited significantly delayed onset and intensity relative to the S1P response. Reduction of S1P1R expression (via siRNA) attenuated S1P-induced TER elevations whereas the TER response to FTY was unaffected. Both S1P and FTY rapidly (within 5 min) induced S1P1R accumulation in membrane lipid rafts, but only S1P stimulated S1P1R phosphorylation on threonine residues. Inhibition of PI3 kinase activity attenuated S1P-mediated TER increases but failed to alter FTY-induced TER elevation. Finally, S1P, but not FTY, induced significant myosin light chain phosphorylation and dramatic actin cytoskeletal rearrangement whereas reduced expression of the cytoskeletal effectors, Rac1 and cortactin (via siRNA), attenuated S1P-, but not FTY-induced TER elevations. These results mechanistically characterize pulmonary vascular barrier regulation by FTY720, suggesting a novel barrier-enhancing pathway for modulating vascular permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Dudek
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Ave. Chicago, IL 60637, United States.
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Naor MM, Walker MD, Van Brocklyn JR, Tigyi G, Parrill AL. Sphingosine 1-phosphate pKa and binding constants: intramolecular and intermolecular influences. J Mol Graph Model 2007; 26:519-28. [PMID: 17467317 PMCID: PMC2040500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2007.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2006] [Revised: 03/10/2007] [Accepted: 03/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The dissociation constant for an ionizable ligand binding to a receptor is dependent on its charge and therefore on its environmentally-influenced pKa value. The pKa values of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) were studied computationally in the context of the wild type S1P1 receptor and the following mutants: E3.29Q, E3.29A, and K5.38A. Calculated pKa values indicate that S1P binds to S1P1 and its site mutants with a total charge of -1, including a +1 charge on the ammonium group and a -2 charge on the phosphate group. The dissociation constant of S1P binding to these receptors was studied as well. The models of wild type and mutant proteins originated from an active receptor model that was developed previously. We used ab initio RHF/6-31+G(d) to optimize our models in aqueous solution, where the solvation energy derivatives are represented by conductor-like polarizable continuum model (C-PCM) and integral equation formalism polarizable continuum model (IEF-PCM). Calculation of the dissociation constant for each mutant was determined by reference to the experimental dissociation constant of the wild type receptor. The computed dissociation constants of the E3.29Q and E3.29A mutants are three to five orders of magnitude higher than those for the wild type receptor and K5.38A mutant, indicating vital contacts between the S1P phosphate group and the carboxylate group of E3.29. Computational dissociation constants for K5.38A, E3.29A, and E3.29Q mutants were compared with experimentally determined binding and activation data. No measurable binding of S1P to the E3.29A and E3.29Q mutants was observed, supporting the critical contacts observed computationally. These results validate the quantitative accuracy of the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mor M. Naor
- Department of Chemistry and Computational Research on Materials Institute, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152
| | - Michelle D. Walker
- Department of Physiology and University of Tennessee Cancer Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - James R. Van Brocklyn
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Gabor Tigyi
- Department of Physiology and University of Tennessee Cancer Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Abby L. Parrill
- Department of Chemistry and Computational Research on Materials Institute, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152
- CORRESPONDING AUTHOR Department of Chemistry and Computational Research on Materials Institute, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, 901-678-2638, FAX 901-678-3447,
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Chapter 16 Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Type 1 Receptor Modulators: Recent Advances and Therapeutic Potential. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(07)42016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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36
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Deng Q, Clemas JA, Chrebet G, Fischer P, Hale JJ, Li Z, Mills SG, Bergstrom J, Mandala S, Mosley R, Parent SA. Identification of Leu276 of the S1P1 receptor and Phe263 of the S1P3 receptor in interaction with receptor specific agonists by molecular modeling, site-directed mutagenesis, and affinity studies. Mol Pharmacol 2006; 71:724-35. [PMID: 17170199 DOI: 10.1124/mol.106.029223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor agonists are novel immunosuppressive agents. The selectivity of S1P1 against S1P3 is strongly correlated with lymphocyte sequestration and minimum acute toxicity and bradycardia. This study describes molecular modeling, site-directed mutagenesis, and affinity studies exploring the molecular basis for selectivity between S1P1 and S1P3 receptors. Computational models of human S1P1 and S1P3 receptors bound with two nonselective agonists or two S1P1-selective agonists were developed based on the X-ray crystal structure of bovine rhodopsin. The models predict that S1P1 Leu276 and S1P3 Phe263 contribute to the S1P1/S1P3 selectivity of the two S1P1-selective agonists. These residues were subjected to site-directed mutagenesis. The wild-type and mutant S1P receptors were expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells and examined for their abilities to bind to and be activated by agonists in vitro. The results indicate that the mutations have minimal effects on the activities of the two nonselective agonists, although they have dramatic effects on the S1P1-selective agonists. These studies provide a fundamental understanding of how these two receptor-selective agonists bind to the S1P1 and S1P3 receptors, which should aid development of more selective S1P1 receptor agonists with immunosuppressive properties and improved safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaolin Deng
- Department of Molecular Systems, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 2000, RY80Y-225, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
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Yan L, Budhu R, Huo P, Lynch CL, Hale JJ, Mills SG, Hajdu R, Keohane CA, Rosenbach MJ, Milligan JA, Shei GJ, Chrebet G, Bergstrom J, Card D, Mandala SM. 2-Aryl(pyrrolidin-4-yl)acetic acids are potent agonists of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:3564-8. [PMID: 16621543 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.03.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2006] [Revised: 03/23/2006] [Accepted: 03/24/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2-aryl(pyrrolidin-4-yl)acetic acids were synthesized and their biological activities were evaluated as agonists of S1P receptors. These analogs were able to induce lowering of lymphocyte counts in the peripheral blood of mice and were found to have good overall pharmacokinetic properties in rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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38
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Yan L, Huo P, Doherty G, Toth L, Hale JJ, Mills SG, Hajdu R, Keohane CA, Rosenbach MJ, Milligan JA, Shei GJ, Chrebet G, Bergstrom J, Card D, Quackenbush E, Wickham A, Mandala SM. Discovery of 3-arylpropionic acids as potent agonists of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1P1) with high selectivity against all other known S1P receptor subtypes. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:3679-83. [PMID: 16697189 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.04.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2006] [Accepted: 04/21/2006] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A series of 3-arylpropionic acids were synthesized as S1P1 receptor agonists. Structure-activity relationship studies on the pendant phenyl ring revealed several structural features offering selectivity of S1P1 binding against S1P2-5. These highly selective S1P1 agonists induced peripheral blood lymphocyte lowering in mice and one of them was found to be efficacious in a rat skin transplantation model, supporting that S1P1 agonism is primarily responsible for the immunosuppressive efficacy observed in preclinical animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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39
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Lu X, Bittman R. Enantioselective synthesis of the phosphate esters of the immunosuppressive lipid FTY720. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.11.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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40
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Takeda S, Chino M, Kiuchi M, Adachi K. Direct mono-phosphorylation of 1,3-diols. A synthesis of FTY720-phosphate. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.05.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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41
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Abstract
FTY720 (FTY), a novel immunosuppressive drug, can be distinguished from other immunosuppressive drugs by a completely different mechanism of action. FTY induces altered lymphocyte trafficking, leading to peripheral blood lymphopenia and to increased lymphocyte counts in lymph nodes. FTY mediates its immune-modulating effects by binding to sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors expressed on lymphocytes. In an attempt to identify mediators of the FTY-induced signal transduction, we used a proteomic approach. FTY-treated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) were investigated for the expression of 622 proteins. We identified 15 differentially expressed proteins in PBLs possibly related to FTY action. As indicated by protein function, several identified proteins could be linked to the cytoskeleton/cell motility, to cell adhesion, and vesicle trafficking. No changes were found concerning the expression of various apoptosis regulators as well as the immunophilins FKBP12 and calcineurin. Our data suggest that FTY affects cytoskeleton rearrangements, cell adhesion, and vesicle trafficking/sorting in human PBLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Böhler
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Charité Campus Mitte, Humboldt-University Berlin, Schumannstrasse 20/21, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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42
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Butler MS. Natural products to drugs: natural product derived compounds in clinical trials. Nat Prod Rep 2005; 22:162-95. [PMID: 15806196 DOI: 10.1039/b402985m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural product and natural product-derived compounds that are being evaluated in clinical trials or in registration (current 31 December 2004) have been reviewed. Natural product derived drugs launched in the United States of America, Europe and Japan since 1998 and new natural product templates discovered since 1990 are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Butler
- MerLion Pharmaceuticals, 1 Science Park Road, The Capricorn #05-01, Singapore Science Park II, Singapore 117528.
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43
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Kiuchi M, Adachi K, Tomatsu A, Chino M, Takeda S, Tanaka Y, Maeda Y, Sato N, Mitsutomi N, Sugahara K, Chiba K. Asymmetric synthesis and biological evaluation of the enantiomeric isomers of the immunosuppressive FTY720-phosphate. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:425-32. [PMID: 15598563 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2004] [Revised: 10/05/2004] [Accepted: 10/06/2004] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A practical asymmetric synthesis of both enantiomers of the immunosuppressive FTY720-phosphate (2) was accomplished, and the enantiomers were pharmacologically evaluated. Several lipases showed considerable activity and enantioselectivity for O-acylation of N-acetyl FTY720 (3) or N-benzyloxycarbonyl FTY720 (7) in combination with vinyl acetate or benzyl vinyl carbonate as the acyl donors. The synthesis using the lipase-catalyzed acylation as the key step produced the enantiomerically pure (>99.5% ee) enantiomers of 2 in multigram quantities. (S)-Isomer of 2 had more potent binding affinities to S1P(1,3,4,5) and inhibitory activity on lymphocyte migration toward S1P than (R)-2, suggesting that (S)-isomer of 2 is responsible for the immunosuppressive activity after administration of 1. Severe bradycardia was observed in anesthetized rats when (S)-2 was administered intravenously, while (R)-2 had no clear effect on heart rate up to 0.3 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Kiuchi
- Research Laboratory III (Immunology), Mitsubishi Pharma Corporation, Kamoshida-cho 1000, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-0033, Japan.
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