1
|
Gowdru Srinivasa M, B C R, Prabhu A, Rani V, Ghate SD, Kumar B R P. Development of novel thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives as PPAR-γ agonists through design, synthesis, computational docking, MD simulation, and comprehensive in vitro and in vivo evaluation. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:2401-2416. [PMID: 37974963 PMCID: PMC10650958 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00273j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to develop new novel 2,4-thiazolidinedione derivatives (3h-3j) as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) modulators for antidiabetic activity. The objective was to overcome the adverse effects of existing thiazolidinediones while maintaining their pharmacological benefits. The synthesized compounds were elucidated based on FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and MS techniques. Molecular docking was utilized to investigate the interaction binding modes, binding free energy, and amino acids engaged in the compounds' interactions with the target protein. Subsequently, molecular dynamics modelling was used to assess the stability of the top-docked complexes and an assay was utilized to assess the cytotoxicity of the compounds to C2C12 myoblasts. Compounds 3h-3j exhibited PPAR-γ modulatory activity and demonstrated significant hypoglycaemic effects when compared to the reference drug pioglitazone. The new compounds were evaluated for their in vivo blood glucose-lowering potential by using a dexamethasone-induced diabetic rat model. All the compounds showed a hypoglycaemic effect of 108.04 ± 4.39, 112.55 ± 6.10, and 117.48 ± 43.93, respectively, along with pioglitazone (153.93 ± 4.61) compared to the diabetic control. Additionally, all the compounds significantly reduced AST and ALT levels and did not cause liver damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra Gowdru Srinivasa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Nitte (Deemed to be University), NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS) Mangalore India
| | - Revanasiddappa B C
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Nitte (Deemed to be University), NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS) Mangalore India
| | - Ashwini Prabhu
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University) Deralakatte Mangalore 575 018 Karnataka India
| | - Vinitha Rani
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University) Deralakatte Mangalore 575 018 Karnataka India
| | - Sudeep D Ghate
- Center for Bioinformatics, Nitte (Deemed to be University) Deralakatte Mangalore Karnataka - 575 018 India
| | - Prashantha Kumar B R
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research Mysuru-570015 Karnataka India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Miyachi H. Structural Biology-Based Exploration of Subtype-Selective Agonists for Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179223. [PMID: 34502131 PMCID: PMC8430769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Progress in understanding peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) subtypes as nuclear receptors that have pleiotropic effects on biological responses has enabled the exploration of new subtype-selective PPAR ligands. Such ligands are useful chemical biology/pharmacological tools to investigate the functions of PPARs and are also candidate drugs for the treatment of PPAR-mediated diseases, such as metabolic syndrome, inflammation and cancer. This review summarizes our medicinal chemistry research of more than 20 years on the design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of subtype-selective PPAR agonists, which has been based on two working hypotheses, the ligand superfamily concept and the helix 12 (H12) holding induction concept. X-ray crystallographic analyses of our agonists complexed with each PPAR subtype validate our working hypotheses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Miyachi
- Lead Exploration Unit, Drug Discovery Initiative, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Laghezza A, Piemontese L, Tortorella P, Loiodice F. An update about the crucial role of stereochemistry on the effects of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor ligands. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 176:326-342. [PMID: 31112893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors that govern lipid and glucose homeostasis playing a central role in cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes. These receptors show a high degree of stereoselectivity towards several classes of drugs. This review covers the most relevant findings that have been made in the last decade and takes into consideration only those compounds in which stereochemistry led to unexpected results or peculiar interactions with the receptors. These cases are reviewed and discussed with the aim to show how enantiomeric recognition originates at the molecular level. The structural characterization by crystallographic methods and docking experiments of complexes formed by PPARs with their ligands turns out to be an essential tool to explain receptor stereoselectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Laghezza
- Dipartimento Farmacia-Scienze Del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
| | - Luca Piemontese
- Dipartimento Farmacia-Scienze Del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
| | - Paolo Tortorella
- Dipartimento Farmacia-Scienze Del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
| | - Fulvio Loiodice
- Dipartimento Farmacia-Scienze Del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Okazaki S, Noguchi-Yachide T, Sakai T, Ishikawa M, Makishima M, Hashimoto Y, Yamaguchi T. Discovery of N -(1-(3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)ethyl)acetamides as novel acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2) inhibitors with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α/δ (PPARα/δ) dual agonistic activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:5258-5269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
5
|
Zhang J, Liu X, Xie XB, Cheng XC, Wang RL. Multitargeted bioactive ligands for PPARs discovered in the last decade. Chem Biol Drug Des 2016; 88:635-663. [PMID: 27317624 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes took insulin resistance as the main clinical manifestation. PPARs have been reported to be the therapeutic targets of metabolic disorders, such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Previously, PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone was restricted in clinic due to cardiomyocytes infarction, weight gain, and other serious side-effects, which were mainly due to the single and selective PPARγ agonism. In recent years, multitarget-directed PPAR agonists with synergistic reaction as well as fewer side-effect have been the hot topic in designing promising agents. In this review, we updated and generalized the development of PPARγ partial agonists, PPARγ antagonists, PPARα/γ dual agonists, PPARδ partial agonists, PPARδ antagonists, PPARα/δ dual agonists, PPARγ/δ dual agonists, and PPARα/γ/δ pan-agonists published in recent decade. Most of these molecules were modified from known structures or came from high-throughput screening. Among these molecules, some were expected to be promising drugs against metabolic disorders, while others seemed to provide new insight for designing novel PPAR agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xian-Bin Xie
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xian-Chao Cheng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Run-Ling Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tanaka Y, Gamo K, Oyama T, Ohashi M, Waki M, Matsuno K, Matsuura N, Tokiwa H, Miyachi H. Molecular dynamics study-guided identification of cyclic amine structures as novel hydrophobic tail components of hPPARγ agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:4001-5. [PMID: 25017035 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that a α-benzylphenylpropanoic acid-type hPPARγ-selective agonist with a piperidine ring as the hydrophobic tail part (3) exhibited sub-micromolar-order hPPARγ agonistic activity. In order to enhance the activity, we planned to carry out structural development based on information obtained from the X-ray crystal structure of hPPARγ ligand binding domain (LBD) complexed with 3. However, the shape and/or nature of the binding pocket surrounding the piperidine ring of 3 could not be precisely delineated because the structure of the omega loop of the LBD was poorly defined. Therefore, we constructed and inserted a plausible omega loop by means of molecular dynamics simulation. We then used the reconstructed LBD structure to design new mono-, bi- and tricyclic amine-bearing compounds that might be expected to show greater binding affinity for the LBD. Here, we describe synthesis and evaluation of α-benzylphenylpropanoic acid derivatives 8. As expected, most of the newly synthesized compounds exhibited more potent hPPARγ agonistic activity and greater hPPARγ binding affinity than 3. Some of these compounds also showed comparable aqueous solubility to 3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Tanaka
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1, Tsushima-Naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kanae Gamo
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1, Tsushima-Naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takuji Oyama
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-37 Takeda, Kofu City, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Masao Ohashi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1, Tsushima-Naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Minoru Waki
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1, Tsushima-Naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsuno
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1, Tsushima-Naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Nobuyasu Matsuura
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tokiwa
- Department of Chemistry, Rikkyo University, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshimaku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Miyachi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1, Tsushima-Naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ohashi M, Oyama T, Putranto EW, Waku T, Nobusada H, Kataoka K, Matsuno K, Yashiro M, Morikawa K, Huh NH, Miyachi H. Design and synthesis of a series of α-benzyl phenylpropanoic acid-type peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma partial agonists with improved aqueous solubility. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:2319-2332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Revised: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
8
|
|
9
|
Ohashi M, Nakagome I, Kasuga JI, Nobusada H, Matsuno K, Makishima M, Hirono S, Hashimoto Y, Miyachi H. Design, synthesis and in vitro evaluation of a series of α-substituted phenylpropanoic acid PPARγ agonists to further investigate the stereochemistry–activity relationship. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:6375-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
10
|
Aoyama A, Endo-Umeda K, Kishida K, Ohgane K, Noguchi-Yachide T, Aoyama H, Ishikawa M, Miyachi H, Makishima M, Hashimoto Y. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Transrepression-Selective Liver X Receptor (LXR) Ligands with 5,11-Dihydro-5-methyl-11-methylene-6H-dibenz[b,e]azepin-6-one Skeleton. J Med Chem 2012; 55:7360-77. [DOI: 10.1021/jm3002394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Aoyama
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular
Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo
113-0032, Japan
| | - Kaori Endo-Umeda
- Nihon University
School of Medicine,
30-1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Kenji Kishida
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry
and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka,
Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kenji Ohgane
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular
Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo
113-0032, Japan
| | - Tomomi Noguchi-Yachide
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular
Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo
113-0032, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Aoyama
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy
and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji-City, Tokyo 192-0392,
Japan
| | - Minoru Ishikawa
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular
Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo
113-0032, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Miyachi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry
and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka,
Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Makoto Makishima
- Nihon University
School of Medicine,
30-1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hashimoto
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular
Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo
113-0032, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ban S, Oyama T, Kasuga JI, Ohgane K, Nishio Y, Morikawa K, Hashimoto Y, Miyachi H. Bidirectional fluorescence properties of pyrene-based peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α/δ dual agonist. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:3460-4. [PMID: 22551628 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Based on X-ray crystallographic analysis of a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α/δ dual agonist complexed with human PPARs ligand binding domain (LBD), we previously reported the design and synthesis of a pyrene-based fluorescent PPARα/δ co-agonist 2. Here, we found that the fluorescence intensity of 2 increased upon binding to hPPARα-LBD, in a manner dependent upon the concentration of the LBD. But, surprisingly, the fluorescence intensity of 2 decreased concentration-dependently upon binding to hPPRδ-LBD. Site-directed mutagenesis of the two hPPAR subtypes clearly indicated that Trp264 of hPPARδ-LBD, located between H2' helix and H3 helix (omega loop), is critical for the concentration-dependent decrease in fluorescence intensity, which is suggested to be due to fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from the pyrene moiety of bound 2 to the nearby side-chain indole moiety of Trp264 in the hPPARδ-LBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Ban
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1, Tsushima-Naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kuwabara N, Oyama T, Tomioka D, Ohashi M, Yanagisawa J, Shimizu T, Miyachi H. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) Have Multiple Binding Points That Accommodate Ligands in Various Conformations: Phenylpropanoic Acid-Type PPAR Ligands Bind to PPAR in Different Conformations, Depending on the Subtype. J Med Chem 2012; 55:893-902. [DOI: 10.1021/jm2014293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Kuwabara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takuji Oyama
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874,
Japan
| | - Daisuke Tomioka
- Graduate School of
Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku,
Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Masao Ohashi
- Graduate School of Medicine,
Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Junn Yanagisawa
- Graduate School of Life and
Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba Science City, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shimizu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Miyachi
- Graduate School of Medicine,
Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists with phenethylphenylphthalimide skeleton derived from thalidomide-related liver X receptor antagonists: Relationship between absolute configuration and subtype selectivity. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:3156-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
14
|
Structure-based design, synthesis, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-preventive effect of phenylpropanoic acid peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α-selective agonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:3183-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 03/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
15
|
Ohashi M, Oyama T, Nakagome I, Satoh M, Nishio Y, Nobusada H, Hirono S, Morikawa K, Hashimoto Y, Miyachi H. Design, Synthesis, and Structural Analysis of Phenylpropanoic Acid-Type PPARγ-Selective Agonists: Discovery of Reversed Stereochemistry−Activity Relationship. J Med Chem 2010; 54:331-41. [DOI: 10.1021/jm101233f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masao Ohashi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1, Tsushima-Naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takuji Oyama
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 6-2-3, Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Izumi Nakagome
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Mayumi Satoh
- Tumor Therapy Project, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Organization for Medical Research, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Yoshino Nishio
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1, Tsushima-Naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nobusada
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1, Tsushima-Naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Shuichi Hirono
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Kosuke Morikawa
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 6-2-3, Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hashimoto
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Miyachi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1, Tsushima-Naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ciocoiu CC, Ravna AW, Sylte I, Hansen TV. Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Modeling of GW 501516 Analogues. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2010; 343:612-24. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201000189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
17
|
Kasuga JI, Ishikawa M, Yonehara M, Makishima M, Hashimoto Y, Miyachi H. Improvement of water-solubility of biarylcarboxylic acid peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) δ-selective partial agonists by disruption of molecular planarity/symmetry. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:7164-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
18
|
Kurosumi M, Nishio Y, Osawa S, Kobayashi H, Iwatsubo T, Tomita T, Miyachi H. Novel Notch-sparing γ-secretase inhibitors derived from a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonist library. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:5282-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.06.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2010] [Revised: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
19
|
Synthesis and dual PPARα/δ agonist effects of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole analogues of GW 501516. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:3047-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Revised: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
20
|
Lockyer P, Schisler JC, Patterson C, Willis MS. Minireview: Won't get fooled again: the nonmetabolic roles of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in the heart. Mol Endocrinol 2009; 24:1111-9. [PMID: 20016041 DOI: 10.1210/me.2009-0374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) transcription factors are nuclear receptors initially identified for their key role in regulating metabolic processes. Recent studies designed to identify the role of PPARalpha, -beta, and -gamma in vivo uncovered extrametabolic roles that may be less well known in the heart. In this review, we describe what is known about these extrametabolic roles of PPARs, including regulation of cardiac inflammation, extracellular matrix remodeling, oxidative stress, and regulation of cardiac hypertrophy. Lastly, we discuss the emerging role of PPARs in cell cycle regulation and angiogenesis in noncardiac systems that may be applicable to heart biology. Although this review primarily discusses the extrametabolic role of PPARalpha, the most studied PPAR isoform in the heart, we highlight where possible what is known about the unique and overlapping roles of the PPAR isoforms in terms of metabolic function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Lockyer
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7525, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Oyama T, Toyota K, Waku T, Hirakawa Y, Nagasawa N, Kasuga JI, Hashimoto Y, Miyachi H, Morikawa K. Adaptability and selectivity of human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pan agonists revealed from crystal structures. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA. SECTION D, BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 2009; 65:786-95. [PMID: 19622862 PMCID: PMC2714719 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444909015935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Accepted: 04/28/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to the nuclear hormone receptor family, which is defined as transcriptional factors that are activated by the binding of ligands to their ligand-binding domains (LBDs). Although the three PPAR subtypes display different tissue distribution patterns and distinct pharmacological profiles, they all are essentially related to fatty-acid and glucose metabolism. Since the PPARs share similar three-dimensional structures within the LBDs, synthetic ligands which simultaneously activate two or all of the PPARs could be potent candidates in terms of drugs for the treatment of abnormal metabolic homeostasis. The structures of several PPAR LBDs were determined in complex with synthetic ligands, derivatives of 3-(4-alkoxyphenyl)propanoic acid, which exhibit unique agonistic activities. The PPARalpha and PPARgamma LBDs were complexed with the same pan agonist, TIPP-703, which activates all three PPARs and their crystal structures were determined. The two LBD-ligand complex structures revealed how the pan agonist is adapted to the similar, but significantly different, ligand-binding pockets of the PPARs. The structures of the PPARdelta LBD in complex with an alpha/delta-selective ligand, TIPP-401, and with a related delta-specific ligand, TIPP-204, were also determined. The comparison between the two PPARdelta complexes revealed how each ligand exhibits either a ;dual selective' or ;single specific' binding mode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Oyama
- The Takara Bio Endowed Division, Department of Biomolecular Recognition, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Open Laboratories of Advanced Bioscience and Biotechnology, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Kenji Toyota
- The Takara Bio Endowed Division, Department of Biomolecular Recognition, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Open Laboratories of Advanced Bioscience and Biotechnology, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Waku
- The Takara Bio Endowed Division, Department of Biomolecular Recognition, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Open Laboratories of Advanced Bioscience and Biotechnology, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Yuko Hirakawa
- The Takara Bio Endowed Division, Department of Biomolecular Recognition, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Open Laboratories of Advanced Bioscience and Biotechnology, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Naoko Nagasawa
- The Takara Bio Endowed Division, Department of Biomolecular Recognition, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Open Laboratories of Advanced Bioscience and Biotechnology, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Kasuga
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hashimoto
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Miyachi
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Kosuke Morikawa
- The Takara Bio Endowed Division, Department of Biomolecular Recognition, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Open Laboratories of Advanced Bioscience and Biotechnology, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kasuga JI, Oyama T, Hirakawa Y, Makishima M, Morikawa K, Hashimoto Y, Miyachi H. Improvement of the transactivation activity of phenylpropanoic acid-type peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor pan agonists: Effect of introduction of fluorine at the linker part. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:4525-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2008] [Revised: 07/01/2008] [Accepted: 07/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
23
|
Gani OABSM, Sylte I. Molecular recognition of long chain fatty acids by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α. Med Chem Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-008-9102-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
24
|
SAR-oriented discovery of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor pan agonist with a 4-adamantylphenyl group as a hydrophobic tail. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:1110-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2007] [Revised: 11/15/2007] [Accepted: 12/01/2007] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
25
|
Araya Y, Kasuga JI, Toyota K, Hirakawa Y, Oyama T, Makishima M, Morikawa K, Hashimoto Y, Miyachi H. Structure-Based Design and Synthesis of Fluorescent PPAR.ALPHA./.DELTA. Co-agonist and Its Application as a Probe for Fluorescent Polarization Assay of PPAR.DELTA. Ligands. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2008; 56:1357-9. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.56.1357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Araya
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo
| | - Jun-ichi Kasuga
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo
| | - Kenji Toyota
- The Takara-Bio Endowed Division, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University
| | - Yuko Hirakawa
- The Takara-Bio Endowed Division, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University
| | - Takuji Oyama
- The Takara-Bio Endowed Division, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University
| | | | - Kosuke Morikawa
- The Takara-Bio Endowed Division, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University
| | - Yuichi Hashimoto
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo
| | - Hiroyuki Miyachi
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are considered to be at particularly high risk for cardiovascular disease. Over the last decade, the members of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) subfamily of nuclear receptors have emerged as valuable pharmacological targets whose activation can normalize metabolic dysfunctions and reduce some cardiovascular risk factors associated with T2DM. PPARalpha agonists, such as the fibrates, can correct dyslipidemia. PPARgamma agonists, such as the thiazolidinediones, act as insulin sensitizers and improve insulin resistance in patients with T2DM. Because of restricted potency and certain side-effects of PPAR agonists, as well as the increasingly epidemic incidence of T2DM, there is a real need for the development of selective PPAR agonists with improved clinical efficacy. This chapter focuses on the PPAR agonists currently used in the clinic, as well as on the discovery and development of the next generation of PPAR agonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Gross
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 rue du Prof Calmette, Lille, F-59019, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kasuga JI, Nakagome I, Aoyama A, Sako K, Ishizawa M, Ogura M, Makishima M, Hirono S, Hashimoto Y, Miyachi H. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of potent, structurally novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) δ-selective agonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:5177-90. [PMID: 17532641 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2007] [Revised: 05/06/2007] [Accepted: 05/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of 3-(4-alkoxyphenyl)propanoic acid derivatives was prepared as candidate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) delta-selective agonists, based on our previously discovered potent human PPARalpha/delta dual agonist TIPP-401 as a lead compound. Structure-activity relationship studies clearly indicated the importance of the chain length of the alkoxy group at the 4-position, and the n-butoxy compound exhibited the most potent PPARdelta transactivation activity and highest PPARdelta selectivity. The (S)-enantiomer of a representative compound exhibited extremely potent PPARdelta transactivation activity, comparable with or somewhat superior to that of the known PPARdelta-selective agonist, GW-501516. The representative compound regulated the expression of genes involved in lipid and glucose homeostasis, and should be useful not only as a chemical tool to study PPARdelta function, but also as a candidate drug for the treatment of metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichi Kasuga
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|