1
|
Espinoza EM, Røise JJ, He M, Li IC, Agatep AK, Udenyi P, Han H, Jackson N, Kerr DL, Chen D, Stentzel MR, Ruan E, Riley L, Murthy N. A self-immolative linker that releases thiols detects penicillin amidase and nitroreductase with high sensitivity via absorption spectroscopy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3166-3169. [PMID: 35170593 PMCID: PMC9097719 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05322a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This article reports the synthesis and characterization of a novel self-immolative linker, based on thiocarbonates, which releases a free thiol upon activation via enzymes. We demonstrate that thiocarbonate self-immolative linkers can be used to detect the enzymes penicillin G amidase (PGA) and nitroreductase (NTR) with high sensitivity using absorption spectroscopy. Paired with modern thiol amplification technology, the detection of PGA and NTR were achieved at concentrations of 160 nM and 52 nM respectively. In addition, the PGA probe was shown to be compatible with both biological thiols and enzymes present in cell lysates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eli M Espinoza
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Joachim J Røise
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Maomao He
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - I-Che Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Alvin K Agatep
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Patrick Udenyi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Hesong Han
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Nicole Jackson
- School of Public Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - D Lucas Kerr
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Dake Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Michael R Stentzel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Emily Ruan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Lee Riley
- School of Public Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Niren Murthy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
- Innovative Genomics Institute (IGI), 2151 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
|
3
|
Abel AS, Averin AD, Cheprakov AV, Roznyatovsky VA, Denat F, Bessmertnykh-Lemeune A, Beletskaya IP. 6-Polyamino-substituted quinolines: synthesis and multiple metal (Cu II, Hg II and Zn II) monitoring in aqueous media. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:4243-4260. [PMID: 30860543 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00259f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemoselective palladium-catalyzed arylation of polyamines with 6-bromoquinoline has been explored to prepare chelators for the detection of metal cations in aqueous media. The introduction of a single aromatic moiety into non-protected polyamine molecules was achieved using the commercially available Pd(dba)2/BINAP precatalyst to afford nitrogen chelators, in which the aromatic signalling unit is directly attached to the polyamine residue. Water-soluble receptors were then synthesized using N-alkylation of these polyamines by hydrophilic coordinating residues. By combining rich photophysical properties of the 6-aminoquinoline unit with a high coordination affinity of chelating polyamines and a hydrophilic character of carboxamido-substituted phosphonic acid diesters in a single molecular device, we synthesized chemosensor 5 for selective double-channel (UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopies) detection of CuII ions in aqueous media at physiological levels. This receptor is suitable for the analysis of drinking water and fabrication of paper test strips for the naked-eye detection of CuII ions under UV-light. By increasing the number of donor sites we also obtained chemosensor 6 which is efficient for the detection of HgII ions. Moreover, chemosensor 6 is also suitable for multiple detection of metal ions because it chelates not only HgII but also CuII and ZnII ions displaying different responses of emission in the presence of these three cations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton S Abel
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kastrati A, Bochet CG. Photochemical Amplifier Based on Self-Immolative Dendritic Spacers. J Org Chem 2019; 84:7776-7785. [PMID: 31184892 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A self-immolative dendritic structure was synthesized. It is based on phenol derivatives with three hydroxymethyl arms at both ortho and para positions of the core unit, potentially releasing up to 27 leaving groups in a third-generation dendrimer. The triggering event is the photolysis of a photosentive ortho-nitrobenzyl group. In doing so, we expected to transform a weak chemical or photochemical input into a large chemical output, which fulfills the definition of a molecular amplifier. Such dendrimers could find application as an indicator, a drug-delivery vector, or a solubilizing agent. The prepared dendrimer indeed released up to 27 leaving groups upon photolysis at 360 nm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agonist Kastrati
- Department of Chemistry , University of Fribourg , Chemin du Musée 9 , CH-1700 Fribourg , Switzerland
| | - Christian G Bochet
- Department of Chemistry , University of Fribourg , Chemin du Musée 9 , CH-1700 Fribourg , Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Roth ME, Green O, Gnaim S, Shabat D. Dendritic, Oligomeric, and Polymeric Self-Immolative Molecular Amplification. Chem Rev 2015; 116:1309-52. [PMID: 26355446 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal E Roth
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ori Green
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Samer Gnaim
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Doron Shabat
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Alouane A, Labruère R, Le Saux T, Schmidt F, Jullien L. Self-immolative spacers: kinetic aspects, structure-property relationships, and applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:7492-509. [PMID: 26053475 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201500088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Self-immolative spacers are covalent assemblies tailored to correlate the cleavage of two chemical bonds after activation of a protective part in a precursor: Upon stimulation, the protective moiety is removed, which generates a cascade of disassembling reactions leading to the temporally sequential release of smaller molecules. Originally introduced to overcome limitations for drug delivery, self-immolative spacers have gained wide interest in medicinal chemistry, analytical chemistry, and material science. For most applications, the kinetics of the disassembly of the activated self-immolative spacer governs functional properties. This Review addresses kinetic aspects of self-immolation. It provides information for selecting a particular self-immolative motif for a specific demand. Moreover, it should help researchers design kinetic experiments and fully exploit the rich perspectives of self-immolative spacers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Alouane
- Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, Department of Chemistry, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris (France).,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, PASTEUR, 75005 Paris (France).,CNRS, UMR 8640 PASTEUR, 75005 Paris (France).,Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris (France).,CNRS, UMR 3666, 75248 Paris (France).,INSERM, U 1143, 75248 Paris (France)
| | - Raphaël Labruère
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR CNRS 8182, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex (France)
| | - Thomas Le Saux
- Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, Department of Chemistry, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris (France).,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, PASTEUR, 75005 Paris (France).,CNRS, UMR 8640 PASTEUR, 75005 Paris (France)
| | - Frédéric Schmidt
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris (France). .,CNRS, UMR 3666, 75248 Paris (France). .,INSERM, U 1143, 75248 Paris (France).
| | - Ludovic Jullien
- Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, Department of Chemistry, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris (France). .,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, PASTEUR, 75005 Paris (France). .,CNRS, UMR 8640 PASTEUR, 75005 Paris (France).
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alouane A, Labruère R, Le Saux T, Schmidt F, Jullien L. Selbstzerlegende Spacer: kinetische Aspekte, Struktur-Eigenschafts-Beziehungen und Anwendungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201500088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
8
|
Gnaim S, Shabat D. Quinone-methide species, a gateway to functional molecular systems: from self-immolative dendrimers to long-wavelength fluorescent dyes. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:2970-84. [PMID: 25181456 DOI: 10.1021/ar500179y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 30 years, the quinone-methide elimination has served as a valuable tool for achieving various important molecular functions. Molecular adaptors based on quinone-methide or aza-quinone-methide reactivity have been designed, synthesized, and used in diagnostic probes, molecular amplifiers, drug delivery systems, and self-immolative dendritic/polymeric molecular systems. These unique adaptors function as stable spacers between an enzyme- or reagent-responsive group and a reporter moiety and can undergo 1,4-, 1,6-, or 1,8-type elimination reactions upon cleavage of the triggering group. Such reactivity results in the release of the reporter group through formation of a quinone-methide species. This type of elimination was applied to design distinct molecular adaptors capable of multiple quinone-methide eliminations. Using this chemistry, we have developed unique molecular structures that are known today as self-immolative dendrimers. These dendrimers disassemble upon a single triggering event in a domino-like manner from the focal point to their periphery with the consequent release of multiple end-groups. Such molecular structures are used in self-immolative dendritic prodrugs and in diagnostic probes to obtain a significant amplification effect. To further enhance amplification, we have developed the dendritic chain reaction, which uses simple molecules to achieve functionality of high-generation virtual self-immolative dendrimers. In addition, we harnessed the quinone-methide elimination reactivity to design polymers that disassemble from head-to-tail initiated by an analyte-responsive event. Following this example, other chemical reactivities were demonstrated by scientists to design such polymeric molecules. In a manner analogous to the quinone-methide elimination, electron rearrangement can lead to formation of conjugated quinone-methide-type dyes with long-wavelength emission of fluorescence. We have recently applied an intramolecular charge transfer to form a unique kind of quinone-methide type derivative based on a donor-two-acceptors molecular structure. This intramolecular charge transfer produces a new fluorochrome with an extended conjugation of π-electron system that is used for the design of long-wavelength fluorogenic probes with a turn-ON option. The rapidly expanding use of quinone-methide species, reflected in the increased number of examples reported in the literature, indicates the importance of this tool in chemistry. These species provide a useful gateway to functional molecular structures with distinct reactivities and spectroscopic characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samer Gnaim
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty
of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
| | - Doron Shabat
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty
of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Strategies in the Design of Small-Molecule Fluorescent Probes for Peptidases. Med Res Rev 2014; 34:1217-41. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
10
|
Turan IS, Akkaya EU. Chemiluminescence sensing of fluoride ions using a self-immolative amplifier. Org Lett 2014; 16:1680-3. [PMID: 24605965 DOI: 10.1021/ol5003412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An enhanced chemiluminescence signal is obtained when electronically triggered dioxetane cleavage is initiated by fluoride-mediated deprotection of the silyl-protecting group, followed by self-immolation via 1,4-quinone-methide rearrangement. The reaction takes place even when the probe is trapped within a PMMA layer on top of a glass plate. In that arrangement, fluoride in aqueous solutions can be detected selectively at low micromolar concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilke Simsek Turan
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center and ‡Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University , Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rajapakse A, Linder C, Morrison RD, Sarkar U, Leigh ND, Barnes CL, Daniels JS, Gates KS. Enzymatic conversion of 6-nitroquinoline to the fluorophore 6-aminoquinoline selectively under hypoxic conditions. Chem Res Toxicol 2013; 26:555-63. [PMID: 23488987 DOI: 10.1021/tx300483z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
There is substantial interest in small molecules that can be used to detect or kill the hypoxic (low oxygen) cells found in solid tumors. Nitroaryl moieties are useful components in the design of hypoxia-selective imaging agents and prodrugs because one-electron reductases can convert the nitroaryl group to nitroso, hydroxylamino, and amino metabolites selectively under low oxygen conditions. Here, we describe the in vitro, cell free metabolism of a pro-fluorescent substrate, 6-nitroquinoline (1) under both aerobic and hypoxic conditions. Both LC-MS and fluorescence spectroscopic analyses provided evidence that the one-electron reducing enzyme system, xanthine/xanthine oxidase, converted the nonfluorescent parent compound 1 to the known fluorophore 6-aminoquinoline (2) selectively under hypoxic conditions. The presumed intermediate in this reduction process, 6-hydroxylaminoquinoline (6), is fluorescent and can be efficiently converted by xanthine/xanthine oxidase to 2 only under hypoxic conditions. This finding provides evidence for multiple oxygen-sensitive steps in the enzymatic conversion of nitroaryl compounds to the corresponding amino derivatives. In a side reaction that is separate from the bioreductive metabolism of 1, xanthine oxidase converted 1 to 6-nitroquinolin-2(1H)-one (5). These studies may enable the use of 1 as a fluorescent substrate for the detection and profiling of one-electron reductases in cell culture or biopsy samples. In addition, the compound may find use as a fluorogenic probe for the detection of hypoxia in tumor models. The occurrence of side products such as 5 in the enzymatic bioreduction of 1 underscores the importance of metabolite identification in the characterization of hypoxia-selective probes and drugs that employ nitroaryl units as oxygen sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anuruddha Rajapakse
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri , 125 Chemistry Building, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
New repertoire of 'donor-two-acceptor' NIR fluorogenic dyes. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:3602-8. [PMID: 23541837 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dye molecules with various fluorescent wavelengths are widely used for diagnostic and optical imaging applications. Accordingly, there is a constant demand for fluorogenic dyes with new properties. We have recently developed a novel strategy for the design of long-wavelength fluorescent dyes with a turn-ON option. The design is based on a donor-two-acceptor π-electron system that can undergo an internal charge transfer to form a new fluorochrome with an extended π-conjugated system. Here, we describe a series of such dyes based on two novel latent donors, naphthol and hydroxycoumarin. One of the dyes has showed excellent near-infrared fluorescent characteristics and specifically was demonstrated as a mitochondrial imaging reagent in live cells. This unique strategy for fluorogenic dye design has opened new doors for further near-infrared fluorescence probe discovery.
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
Peterson GI, Larsen MB, Boydston AJ. Controlled Depolymerization: Stimuli-Responsive Self-Immolative Polymers. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma300817v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory I. Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700,
United States
| | - Michael B. Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700,
United States
| | - Andrew J. Boydston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700,
United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Amplified release through the stimulus triggered degradation of self-immolative oligomers, dendrimers, and linear polymers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:1031-45. [PMID: 21996055 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, numerous delivery systems based on polymers, dendrimers, and nano-scale assemblies have been developed to improve the properties of drug molecules. In general, for the drug molecules to be active, they must be released from these delivery systems, ideally in a selective manner at the therapeutic target. As the changes in physiological conditions are relatively subtle from one tissue to another and the concentrations of specific enzymes are often quite low, a release strategy involving the amplification of a biological signal is particularly attractive. This article describes the development of oligomers, dendrimers, and linear polymers based on self-immolative spacers. This new class of molecules is designed to undergo a cascade of intramolecular reactions in response to the cleavage of a trigger moiety, resulting in molecular fragmentation and the release of multiple reporter or drug molecules. Progress in the development of these materials as drug delivery vehicles and sensors will be highlighted.
Collapse
|
16
|
Jin HJ, Lu J, Wu X. Development of a new enzyme-responsive self-immolative spacer conjugate applicable to the controlled drug release. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:3465-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
17
|
Rajapakse A, Gates KS. Hypoxia-selective, enzymatic conversion of 6-nitroquinoline into a fluorescent helicene: pyrido[3,2-f]quinolino[6,5-c]cinnoline 3-oxide. J Org Chem 2012; 77:3531-7. [PMID: 22417220 DOI: 10.1021/jo3004748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Regions of low oxygen concentration (hypoxia) occur in both normal human physiology and under pathophysiological conditions. Fluorescent probes for the direct imaging of cellular hypoxia could be useful tools that complement radiochemical imaging and immunohistochemical staining methods. In this work, we set out to characterize the hypoxia-selective enzymatic metabolism of a simple nitroaryl probe, 6-nitroquinoline (1). We envisioned that this compound might undergo hypoxia-selective, bioreductive conversion to the fluorescent product, 6-aminoquinoline (2). The probe 1 was, indeed, converted to a fluorescent product selectively under hypoxic conditions by the one-electron reducing enzyme NADPH:cytochrome P450 reductase. However, inspection of the fluorescence spectrum and LC-MS analysis of the reaction mixture revealed that the expected product 2 was not formed. Rather, the 63-fold increase in fluorescence emission at 445 nm resulting from the hypoxic metabolism of 1 was due to formation of the azoxy-helicene product, pyrido[3,2-f]quinolino[6,5-c]cinnoline 3-oxide (4). The generation of 4 involves an unusual biaryl bond formation under reductive conditions. The mechanism of this process remains uncertain but could proceed via combination of a nitroaryl radical anion with a neutral nitrosoaryl radical, followed by tautomerization and intramolecular condensation between the resulting hydroxylamine and nitroso functional groups. Bioreductive metabolism of nitroaryl compounds represents a promising strategy for the selective delivery of cytotoxic agents and fluorescent markers to hypoxic tissue, but the results described here provide an important glimpse of the chemical complexity that can be associated with the enzymatic one-electron reduction of nitroaryl compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anuruddha Rajapakse
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 125 Chemistry Building, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cabane E, Zhang X, Langowska K, Palivan CG, Meier W. Stimuli-responsive polymers and their applications in nanomedicine. Biointerphases 2012; 7:9. [PMID: 22589052 DOI: 10.1007/s13758-011-0009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on smart nano-materials built of stimuli-responsive (SR) polymers and will discuss their numerous applications in the biomedical field. The authors will first provide an overview of different stimuli and their corresponding, responsive polymers. By introducing myriad functionalities, SR polymers present a wide range of possibilities in the design of stimuli-responsive devices, making use of virtually all types of polymer constructs, from self-assembled structures (micelles, vesicles) to surfaces (polymer brushes, films) as described in the second section of the review. In the last section of this review the authors report on some of the most promising applications of stimuli-responsive polymers in nanomedicine. In particular, we will discuss applications pertaining to diagnosis, where SR polymers are used to construct sensors capable of selective recognition and quantification of analytes and physical variables, as well as imaging devices. We will also highlight some examples of responsive systems used for therapeutic applications, including smart drug delivery systems (micelles, vesicles, dendrimers...) and surfaces for regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Cabane
- Chemistry Department, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Redy O, Kisin-Finfer E, Sella E, Shabat D. A simple FRET-based modular design for diagnostic probes. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:710-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06667f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
20
|
Nuñez SA, Yeung K, Fox NS, Phillips ST. A Structurally Simple Self-Immolative Reagent That Provides Three Distinct, Simultaneous Responses per Detection Event. J Org Chem 2011; 76:10099-113. [DOI: 10.1021/jo2018763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean A. Nuñez
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University
Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Kimy Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University
Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Nicole S. Fox
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University
Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Scott T. Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University
Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
The early detection of many human diseases is crucial if they are to be treated successfully. Therefore, the development of imaging techniques that can facilitate early detection of disease is of high importance. Changes in the levels of enzyme expression are known to occur in many diseases, making their accurate detection at low concentrations an area of considerable active research. Activatable fluorescent probes show immense promise in this area. If properly designed they should exhibit no signal until they interact with their target enzyme, reducing the level of background fluorescence and potentially endowing them with greater sensitivity. The mechanisms of fluorescence changes in activatable probes vary. This review aims to survey the field of activatable probes, focusing on their mechanisms of action as well as illustrating some of the in vitro and in vivo settings in which they have been employed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Drake
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 185 Berry Street, Suite 350, Box 0946, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Karton-Lifshin N, Segal E, Omer L, Portnoy M, Satchi-Fainaro R, Shabat D. A Unique Paradigm for a Turn-ON Near-Infrared Cyanine-Based Probe: Noninvasive Intravital Optical Imaging of Hydrogen Peroxide. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:10960-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja203145v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naama Karton-Lifshin
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences and ‡Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ehud Segal
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences and ‡Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Liora Omer
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences and ‡Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Moshe Portnoy
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences and ‡Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ronit Satchi-Fainaro
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences and ‡Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Doron Shabat
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences and ‡Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cheng Y, Zhao L, Li Y, Xu T. Design of biocompatible dendrimers for cancer diagnosis and therapy: current status and future perspectives. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:2673-703. [PMID: 21286593 DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00097c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, nanomedicine with its promise of improved therapy and diagnostics has revolutionized conventional health care and medical technology. Dendrimers and dendrimer-based therapeutics are outstanding candidates in this exciting field as more and more biological systems have benefited from these starburst molecules. Anticancer agents can be either encapsulated in or conjugated to dendrimer and be delivered to the tumour via enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect of the nanoparticle and/or with the help of a targeting moiety such as antibody, peptides, vitamins, and hormones. Imaging agents including MRI contrast agents, radionuclide probes, computed tomography contrast agents, and fluorescent dyes are combined with the multifunctional nanomedicine for targeted therapy with simultaneous cancer diagnosis. However, an important question reported with dendrimer-based therapeutics as well as other nanomedicines to date is the long-term viability and biocompatibility of the nanotherapeutics. This critical review focuses on the design of biocompatible dendrimers for cancer diagnosis and therapy. The biocompatibility aspects of dendrimers such as nanotoxicity, long-term circulation, and degradation are discussed. The construction of novel dendrimers with biocompatible components, and the surface modification of commercially available dendrimers by PEGylation, acetylation, glycosylation, and amino acid functionalization have been proposed as available strategies to solve the safety problem of dendrimer-based nanotherapeutics. Also, exciting opportunities and challenges on the development of dendrimer-based nanoplatforms for targeted cancer diagnosis and therapy are reviewed (404 references).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Blencowe CA, Russell AT, Greco F, Hayes W, Thornthwaite DW. Self-immolative linkers in polymeric delivery systems. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0py00324g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
25
|
Meyer Y, Richard JA, Delest B, Noack P, Renard PY, Romieu A. A comparative study of the self-immolation of para-aminobenzylalcohol and hemithioaminal-based linkers in the context of protease-sensitive fluorogenic probes. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:1777-80. [DOI: 10.1039/b926316k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
26
|
Zhang XB, Waibel M, Hasserodt J. An Autoimmolative Spacer Allows First-Time Incorporation of a Unique Solid-State Fluorophore into a Detection Probe for Acyl Hydrolases. Chemistry 2009; 16:792-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
27
|
Avital-Shmilovici M, Shabat D. Enzymatic activation of hydrophobic self-immolative dendrimers: The effect of reporters with ionizable functional groups. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:3959-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2009] [Revised: 03/01/2009] [Accepted: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
28
|
Weinstain R, Sagi A, Karton N, Shabat D. Self-Immolative Comb-Polymers: Multiple-Release of Side-Reporters by a Single Stimulus Event. Chemistry 2008; 14:6857-61. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
29
|
Richard JA, Meyer Y, Jolivel V, Massonneau M, Dumeunier R, Vaudry D, Vaudry H, Renard PY, Romieu A. Latent Fluorophores Based on a Self-Immolative Linker Strategy and Suitable for Protease Sensing. Bioconjug Chem 2008; 19:1707-18. [DOI: 10.1021/bc8001997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Alexandre Richard
- Equipe de Chimie Bio-Organique, Université de Rouen, Place Emile Blondel, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France, UMR CNRS 6014, COBRA, IRCOF, rue Lucien Tesnière, 76130 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France, QUIDD, Technopôle du Madrillet, 50, rue Ettore Bugatti, 76800 Saint-Etienne du Rouvray, France, Laboratoire de Neuroendocrinologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, INSERM U413, Université de Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France, and Plate-forme Régionale de Recherche en Imagerie Cellulaire de Haute-Normandie, IFRMP23,
| | - Yves Meyer
- Equipe de Chimie Bio-Organique, Université de Rouen, Place Emile Blondel, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France, UMR CNRS 6014, COBRA, IRCOF, rue Lucien Tesnière, 76130 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France, QUIDD, Technopôle du Madrillet, 50, rue Ettore Bugatti, 76800 Saint-Etienne du Rouvray, France, Laboratoire de Neuroendocrinologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, INSERM U413, Université de Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France, and Plate-forme Régionale de Recherche en Imagerie Cellulaire de Haute-Normandie, IFRMP23,
| | - Valérie Jolivel
- Equipe de Chimie Bio-Organique, Université de Rouen, Place Emile Blondel, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France, UMR CNRS 6014, COBRA, IRCOF, rue Lucien Tesnière, 76130 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France, QUIDD, Technopôle du Madrillet, 50, rue Ettore Bugatti, 76800 Saint-Etienne du Rouvray, France, Laboratoire de Neuroendocrinologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, INSERM U413, Université de Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France, and Plate-forme Régionale de Recherche en Imagerie Cellulaire de Haute-Normandie, IFRMP23,
| | - Marc Massonneau
- Equipe de Chimie Bio-Organique, Université de Rouen, Place Emile Blondel, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France, UMR CNRS 6014, COBRA, IRCOF, rue Lucien Tesnière, 76130 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France, QUIDD, Technopôle du Madrillet, 50, rue Ettore Bugatti, 76800 Saint-Etienne du Rouvray, France, Laboratoire de Neuroendocrinologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, INSERM U413, Université de Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France, and Plate-forme Régionale de Recherche en Imagerie Cellulaire de Haute-Normandie, IFRMP23,
| | - Raphaël Dumeunier
- Equipe de Chimie Bio-Organique, Université de Rouen, Place Emile Blondel, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France, UMR CNRS 6014, COBRA, IRCOF, rue Lucien Tesnière, 76130 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France, QUIDD, Technopôle du Madrillet, 50, rue Ettore Bugatti, 76800 Saint-Etienne du Rouvray, France, Laboratoire de Neuroendocrinologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, INSERM U413, Université de Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France, and Plate-forme Régionale de Recherche en Imagerie Cellulaire de Haute-Normandie, IFRMP23,
| | - David Vaudry
- Equipe de Chimie Bio-Organique, Université de Rouen, Place Emile Blondel, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France, UMR CNRS 6014, COBRA, IRCOF, rue Lucien Tesnière, 76130 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France, QUIDD, Technopôle du Madrillet, 50, rue Ettore Bugatti, 76800 Saint-Etienne du Rouvray, France, Laboratoire de Neuroendocrinologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, INSERM U413, Université de Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France, and Plate-forme Régionale de Recherche en Imagerie Cellulaire de Haute-Normandie, IFRMP23,
| | - Hubert Vaudry
- Equipe de Chimie Bio-Organique, Université de Rouen, Place Emile Blondel, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France, UMR CNRS 6014, COBRA, IRCOF, rue Lucien Tesnière, 76130 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France, QUIDD, Technopôle du Madrillet, 50, rue Ettore Bugatti, 76800 Saint-Etienne du Rouvray, France, Laboratoire de Neuroendocrinologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, INSERM U413, Université de Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France, and Plate-forme Régionale de Recherche en Imagerie Cellulaire de Haute-Normandie, IFRMP23,
| | - Pierre-Yves Renard
- Equipe de Chimie Bio-Organique, Université de Rouen, Place Emile Blondel, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France, UMR CNRS 6014, COBRA, IRCOF, rue Lucien Tesnière, 76130 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France, QUIDD, Technopôle du Madrillet, 50, rue Ettore Bugatti, 76800 Saint-Etienne du Rouvray, France, Laboratoire de Neuroendocrinologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, INSERM U413, Université de Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France, and Plate-forme Régionale de Recherche en Imagerie Cellulaire de Haute-Normandie, IFRMP23,
| | - Anthony Romieu
- Equipe de Chimie Bio-Organique, Université de Rouen, Place Emile Blondel, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France, UMR CNRS 6014, COBRA, IRCOF, rue Lucien Tesnière, 76130 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France, QUIDD, Technopôle du Madrillet, 50, rue Ettore Bugatti, 76800 Saint-Etienne du Rouvray, France, Laboratoire de Neuroendocrinologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, INSERM U413, Université de Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France, and Plate-forme Régionale de Recherche en Imagerie Cellulaire de Haute-Normandie, IFRMP23,
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sagi
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
| | - Roy Weinstain
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
| | - Naama Karton
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
| | - Doron Shabat
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sella E, Shabat D. Self-immolative dendritic probe for direct detection of triacetone triperoxide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:5701-3. [DOI: 10.1039/b814855d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|