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Karadkhelkar NM, Gupta P, Barasa L, Chilamakuri R, Hlordzi CK, Acharekar N, Agarwal S, Chen ZS, Yoganathan S. Chemical Derivatization Leads to the Discovery Of Novel Analogs of Azotochelin, a Natural Siderophore, as Promising Anticancer Agents. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202300715. [PMID: 38598189 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Siderophores are structurally unique medicinal natural products and exhibit considerable therapeutic potential. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of azotochelin, a natural siderophore, and an extensive library of azotochelin analogs and their anticancer properties. We modified the carboxylic acid and the aromatic ring of azotochelin using various chemical motifs. We evaluated the cytotoxicity of the compounds against six different cancer cell lines (KB-3-1, SNB-19, MCF-7, K-562, SW-620, and NCI-H460) and a non-cancerous cell line (HEK-293). Among the twenty compounds tested, the IC50 values of nine compounds (14, 32, 35-40, and 54) were between 0.7 and 2.0 μM against a lung cancer cell line (NCI-H460). Moreover, several compounds showed good cytotoxicity profile (IC50 <10 μM) against the tested cancer cell lines. The flow cytometry analysis showed that compounds 36 and 38 induced apoptosis in NCI-H460 in a dose-dependent manner. The cell cycle analysis indicated that compounds 36 and 38 significantly arrested the cell cycle at the S phase to block cancer cell proliferation in the NCI-H460 cell line. The study has produced various novel azotochelin analogs that are potentially effective anticancer agents and lead compounds for further synthetic and medicinal chemistry exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant M Karadkhelkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439 (S.Y.)
- Current affiliation: The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037
| | - Pranav Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439 (S.Y.)
| | - Leonard Barasa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439 (S.Y.)
- Current affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605
| | - Rameswari Chilamakuri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439 (S.Y.)
| | - Christopher K Hlordzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439 (S.Y.)
| | - Nikita Acharekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439 (S.Y.)
| | - Saurabh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439 (S.Y.)
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439 (S.Y.)
| | - Sabesan Yoganathan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439 (S.Y.)
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Igarashi Y. Development of a drug discovery approach from microbes with a special focus on isolation sources and taxonomy. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2023:10.1038/s41429-023-00625-y. [PMID: 37188757 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-023-00625-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
After the successful discoveries of numerous antibiotics from microorganisms, frequent reisolation of known compounds becomes an obstacle in further development of new drugs from natural products. Exploration of biological sources that can provide novel scaffolds is thus an urgent matter in drug lead screening. As an alternative source to the conventionally used soil microorganisms, we selected endophytic actinomycetes, marine actinomycetes, and actinomycetes in tropical areas for investigation and found an array of new bioactive compounds. Furthermore, based on the analysis of the distribution pattern of biosynthetic gene clusters in bacteria together with available genomic data, we speculated that biosynthetic gene clusters for secondary metabolites are specific to each genus. Based on this assumption, we investigated actinomycetal and marine bacterial genera from which no compounds have been reported, which led to the discovery of a variety of skeletally novel bioactive compounds. These findings suggest that consideration of environmental factor and taxonomic position is critically effective in the selection of potential strains producing structurally unique compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Igarashi
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan.
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Okoth DA, Hug JJ, Garcia R, Müller R. Discovery, Biosynthesis and Biological Activity of a Succinylated Myxochelin from the Myxobacterial Strain MSr12020. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10101959. [PMID: 36296235 PMCID: PMC9611931 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10101959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Myxobacteria feature unique biological characteristics, including their capability to glide on the surface, undergo different multicellular developmental stages and produce structurally unique natural products such as the catecholate-type siderophores myxochelins A and B. Herein, we report the isolation, structure elucidation and a proposed biosynthesis of the new congener myxochelin B-succinate from the terrestrial myxobacterial strain MSr12020, featuring a succinyl decoration at its primary amine group. Myxochelin-B-succinate exhibited antibacterial growth inhibition and moderate cytotoxic activity against selected human cancer cell lines. This unique chemical modification of myxochelin B might provide interesting insights for future microbiological studies to understand the biological function and biosynthesis of secondary metabolite succinylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy A. Okoth
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Department of Microbial Natural Products, Campus E8 1, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Helmholtz International Labs, Department of Microbial Natural Products, Campus E8 1, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Biological Sciences, Main campus, Maseno University, Maseno P.O. Box 333-40105, Kenya
| | - Joachim J. Hug
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Department of Microbial Natural Products, Campus E8 1, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Helmholtz International Labs, Department of Microbial Natural Products, Campus E8 1, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ronald Garcia
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Department of Microbial Natural Products, Campus E8 1, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Helmholtz International Labs, Department of Microbial Natural Products, Campus E8 1, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Department of Microbial Natural Products, Campus E8 1, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Helmholtz International Labs, Department of Microbial Natural Products, Campus E8 1, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Bhat MA, Mishra AK, Bhat MA, Banday MI, Bashir O, Rather IA, Rahman S, Shah AA, Jan AT. Myxobacteria as a Source of New Bioactive Compounds: A Perspective Study. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1265. [PMID: 34452226 PMCID: PMC8401837 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myxobacteria are unicellular, Gram-negative, soil-dwelling, gliding bacteria that belong to class δ-proteobacteria and order Myxococcales. They grow and proliferate by transverse fission under normal conditions, but form fruiting bodies which contain myxospores during unfavorable conditions. In view of the escalating problem of antibiotic resistance among disease-causing pathogens, it becomes mandatory to search for new antibiotics effective against such pathogens from natural sources. Among the different approaches, Myxobacteria, having a rich armor of secondary metabolites, preferably derivatives of polyketide synthases (PKSs) along with non-ribosomal peptide synthases (NRPSs) and their hybrids, are currently being explored as producers of new antibiotics. The Myxobacterial species are functionally characterized to assess their ability to produce antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antimalarial, immunosuppressive, cytotoxic and antioxidative bioactive compounds. In our study, we have found their compounds to be effective against a wide range of pathogens associated with the concurrence of different infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudasir Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
| | | | - Mujtaba Aamir Bhat
- Department of Botany, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
| | - Mohammad Iqbal Banday
- Department of Microbiology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
| | - Ommer Bashir
- Department of School Education, Jammu 181205, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
| | - Irfan A. Rather
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Safikur Rahman
- Department of Botany, MS College, BR Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur 845401, Bihar, India;
| | - Ali Asghar Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
| | - Arif Tasleem Jan
- Department of Botany, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
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Frank NA, Széles M, Akone SH, Rasheed S, Hüttel S, Frewert S, Hamed MM, Herrmann J, Schuler SMM, Hirsch AKH, Müller R. Expanding the Myxochelin Natural Product Family by Nicotinic Acid Containing Congeners. Molecules 2021; 26:4929. [PMID: 34443518 PMCID: PMC8400222 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myxobacteria represent a viable source of chemically diverse and biologically active secondary metabolites. The myxochelins are a well-studied family of catecholate-type siderophores produced by various myxobacterial strains. Here, we report the discovery, isolation, and structure elucidation of three new myxochelins N1-N3 from the terrestrial myxobacterium Corallococcus sp. MCy9049, featuring an unusual nicotinic acid moiety. Precursor-directed biosynthesis (PDB) experiments and total synthesis were performed in order to confirm structures, improve access to pure compounds for bioactivity testing, and to devise a biosynthesis proposal. The combined evaluation of metabolome and genome data covering myxobacteria supports the notion that the new myxochelin congeners reported here are in fact frequent side products of the known myxochelin A biosynthetic pathway in myxobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas A. Frank
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, Campus E8 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (N.A.F.); (M.S.); (S.H.A.); (S.R.); (S.H.); (S.F.); (M.M.H.); (J.H.); (A.K.H.H.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Márió Széles
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, Campus E8 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (N.A.F.); (M.S.); (S.H.A.); (S.R.); (S.H.); (S.F.); (M.M.H.); (J.H.); (A.K.H.H.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sergi H. Akone
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, Campus E8 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (N.A.F.); (M.S.); (S.H.A.); (S.R.); (S.H.); (S.F.); (M.M.H.); (J.H.); (A.K.H.H.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala P.O. Box 24157, Cameroon
| | - Sari Rasheed
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, Campus E8 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (N.A.F.); (M.S.); (S.H.A.); (S.R.); (S.H.); (S.F.); (M.M.H.); (J.H.); (A.K.H.H.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stephan Hüttel
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, Campus E8 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (N.A.F.); (M.S.); (S.H.A.); (S.R.); (S.H.); (S.F.); (M.M.H.); (J.H.); (A.K.H.H.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Simon Frewert
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, Campus E8 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (N.A.F.); (M.S.); (S.H.A.); (S.R.); (S.H.); (S.F.); (M.M.H.); (J.H.); (A.K.H.H.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mostafa M. Hamed
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, Campus E8 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (N.A.F.); (M.S.); (S.H.A.); (S.R.); (S.H.); (S.F.); (M.M.H.); (J.H.); (A.K.H.H.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jennifer Herrmann
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, Campus E8 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (N.A.F.); (M.S.); (S.H.A.); (S.R.); (S.H.); (S.F.); (M.M.H.); (J.H.); (A.K.H.H.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Anna K. H. Hirsch
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, Campus E8 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (N.A.F.); (M.S.); (S.H.A.); (S.R.); (S.H.); (S.F.); (M.M.H.); (J.H.); (A.K.H.H.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, Campus E8 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (N.A.F.); (M.S.); (S.H.A.); (S.R.); (S.H.); (S.F.); (M.M.H.); (J.H.); (A.K.H.H.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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Sagaya Jansi R, Khusro A, Agastian P, Alfarhan A, Al-Dhabi NA, Arasu MV, Rajagopal R, Barcelo D, Al-Tamimi A. Emerging paradigms of viral diseases and paramount role of natural resources as antiviral agents. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 759:143539. [PMID: 33234268 PMCID: PMC7833357 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In the current scenario, the increasing prevalence of diverse microbial infections as well as emergence and re-emergence of viral epidemics with high morbidity and mortality rates are major public health threat. Despite the persistent production of antiviral drugs and vaccines in the global market, viruses still remain as one of the leading causes of deadly human diseases. Effective control of viral diseases, particularly Zika virus disease, Nipah virus disease, Severe acute respiratory syndrome, Coronavirus disease, Herpes simplex virus infection, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and Ebola virus disease remain promising goal amidst the mutating viral strains. Current trends in the development of antiviral drugs focus solely on testing novel drugs or repurposing drugs against potential targets of the viruses. Compared to synthetic drugs, medicines from natural resources offer less side-effect to humans and are often cost-effective in the productivity approaches. This review intends not only to emphasize on the major viral disease outbreaks in the past few decades and but also explores the potentialities of natural substances as antiviral traits to combat viral pathogens. Here, we spotlighted a comprehensive overview of antiviral components present in varied natural sources, including plants, fungi, and microorganisms in order to identify potent antiviral agents for developing alternative therapy in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sagaya Jansi
- Department of Bioinformatics, Stella Maris College, Chennai, India
| | - Ameer Khusro
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Chennai, India
| | - Paul Agastian
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Chennai, India.
| | - Ahmed Alfarhan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajakrishnan Rajagopal
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Damia Barcelo
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Water and Soil Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, JORDI GIRONA 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amal Al-Tamimi
- Ecology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Abstract
Inflammatory processes occur as a generic response of the immune system and can be triggered by various factors, such as infection with pathogenic microorganisms or damaged tissue. Due to the complexity of the inflammation process and its role in common diseases like asthma, cancer, skin disorders or Alzheimer's disease, anti-inflammatory drugs are of high pharmaceutical interest. Nature is a rich source for compounds with anti-inflammatory properties. Several studies have focused on the structural optimization of natural products to improve their pharmacological properties. As derivatization through total synthesis is often laborious with low yields and limited stereoselectivity, the use of biosynthetic, enzyme-driven reactions is an attractive alternative for synthesizing and modifying complex bioactive molecules. In this minireview, we present an outline of the biotechnological methods used to derivatize anti-inflammatory natural products, including precursor-directed biosynthesis, mutasynthesis, combinatorial biosynthesis, as well as whole-cell and in vitro biotransformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Winand
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical EngineeringLaboratory of Technical BiologyTU Dortmund UniversityEmil-Figge-Strasse 6644227DortmundGermany
| | - Angela Sester
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical EngineeringLaboratory of Technical BiologyTU Dortmund UniversityEmil-Figge-Strasse 6644227DortmundGermany
- Current address: Chair of Technical BiochemistryTechnical University of DresdenBergstrasse 6601069DresdenGermany
| | - Markus Nett
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical EngineeringLaboratory of Technical BiologyTU Dortmund UniversityEmil-Figge-Strasse 6644227DortmundGermany
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Espinoza-Culupú A, Vázquez-Ramírez R, Farfán-López M, Mendes E, Notomi Sato M, da Silva Junior PI, Borges MM. Acylpolyamine Mygalin as a TLR4 Antagonist Based on Molecular Docking and In Vitro Analyses. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1624. [PMID: 33271940 PMCID: PMC7761503 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are transmembrane proteins that are key regulators of innate and adaptive immune responses, particularly TLR4, and they have been identified as potential drug targets for the treatment of disease. Several low-molecular-weight compounds are being considered as new drug targets for various applications, including as immune modulators. Mygalin, a 417 Da synthetic bis-acylpolyamine, is an analog of spermidine that has microbicidal activity. In this study, we investigated the effect of mygalin on the innate immune response based on a virtual screening (VS) and molecular docking analysis. Bone marrow-derived macrophages and the cell lines J774A.1 and RAW 264.7 stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were used to confirm the data obtained in silico. Virtual screening and molecular docking suggested that mygalin binds to TLR4 via the protein myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD-2) and LPS. Macrophages stimulated by mygalin plus LPS showed suppressed gene expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukine 6 (IL-6), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), as well as inhibition of signaling protein p65 of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), resulting in decreased production of nitric oxide (NO) and TNF-α. These results indicate that mygalin has anti-inflammatory potential, being an attractive option to be explored. In addition, we reinforce the importance of virtual screening analysis to assist in the discovery of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Espinoza-Culupú
- Interunits Graduate Program in Biotechnology, USP/IBu/IPT, São Paulo 01000-000, Brazil; (A.E.-C.); (P.I.d.S.J.)
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 01000-000, Brazil;
| | - Ricardo Vázquez-Ramírez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 00-16, Mexico;
| | - Mariella Farfán-López
- Microbiology Molecular and Biotechnology Laboratory, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima District 15081, Peru;
| | - Elizabeth Mendes
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 01000-000, Brazil;
| | - Maria Notomi Sato
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01000-000, Brazil;
| | - Pedro Ismael da Silva Junior
- Interunits Graduate Program in Biotechnology, USP/IBu/IPT, São Paulo 01000-000, Brazil; (A.E.-C.); (P.I.d.S.J.)
- Laboratory for Applied Toxinology (LETA), Butantan Institute, São Paulo 01000-000, Brazil
| | - Monamaris Marques Borges
- Interunits Graduate Program in Biotechnology, USP/IBu/IPT, São Paulo 01000-000, Brazil; (A.E.-C.); (P.I.d.S.J.)
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 01000-000, Brazil;
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Mulwa LS, Stadler M. Antiviral Compounds from Myxobacteria. Microorganisms 2018; 6:microorganisms6030073. [PMID: 30029487 PMCID: PMC6163824 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms6030073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infections including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) pose an ongoing threat to human health due to the lack of effective therapeutic agents. The re-emergence of old viral diseases such as the recent Ebola outbreaks in West Africa represents a global public health issue. Drug resistance and toxicity to target cells are the major challenges for the current antiviral agents. Therefore, there is a need for identifying agents with novel modes of action and improved efficacy. Viral-based illnesses are further aggravated by co-infections, such as an HIV patient co-infected with HBV or HCV. The drugs used to treat or manage HIV tend to increase the pathogenesis of HBV and HCV. Hence, novel antiviral drug candidates should ideally have broad-spectrum activity and no negative drug-drug interactions. Myxobacteria are in the focus of this review since they produce numerous structurally and functionally unique bioactive compounds, which have only recently been screened for antiviral effects. This research has already led to some interesting findings, including the discovery of several candidate compounds with broad-spectrum antiviral activity. The present review looks at myxobacteria-derived antiviral secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucky S Mulwa
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and German Centre for Infectio Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover/Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
- Department of Microbial Strain Collection (MISG), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Marc Stadler
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and German Centre for Infectio Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover/Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
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Wu XR, Zhu W, Fu HZ, Duan HQ, Qin N. The synthesis and anti-metastatic effects of optical isomers of ionone alkaloid 9-(N,N-dimethyl)-4,7-megastigmedien-3-one. Fitoterapia 2018; 127:1-6. [PMID: 29625144 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Ionone alkaloid 9-(N,N-dimethyl)-4,7-megastigmedien-3-one (compound 1) is a new anti-metastatic natural product. However, it was previously reported as optical isomers mixture. Herein, the optical isomers (6a-6d) of compound 1 were synthesized. The absolute configurations of 6a-6d were determined by ECD experiments and calculated spectra with time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). The anti-metastatic effects of the optical isomers were examined by transwell assay. These results revealed that compound 6a had potential anti-metastatic activity with an IC50 value of 0.512 ± 0.093 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ran Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Zheng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Quan Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, People's Republic of China; Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Nan Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, People's Republic of China; Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Zhong Y, Lu YT, Sun Y, Shi ZH, Li NG, Tang YP, Duan JA. Recent opportunities in matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor drug design for cancer. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017; 13:75-87. [PMID: 29088927 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2018.1398732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) plays an important role in the context of tumor invasion and metastasis, and MMP-2 has been characterized as the most validated target for cancer. Therefore, it is necessary to design matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors (MMPIs) that would be active and selective against MMP-2 but non-selective toward other MMPs. Areas covered: This article clearly describes the structural character of MMP-2 followed by a review of the recent development of selective MMP-2 inhibitors based on their basic structures. Expert opinion: Over the past 30 years, MMPs have been considered to be attractive cancer targets, and several different types of synthetic inhibitors have been identified as anticancer agents, but only a small number of small MMPIs have been examined in clinical trials, and none of these molecules has been established as anticancer drugs due to their adverse effects. One major possibility is that the MMPIs used in clinical trials were broad-spectrum drugs that also inhibited the anti-tumor effects and influenced the mediation of the normal physiological processes of MMPs. MMP-2 has recently been characterized as the most validated target for cancer. Therefore, the design and synthesis of selective MMP-2 inhibitors would be helpful for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhong
- a Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , China
| | - Yu-Ting Lu
- a Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , China
| | - Ying Sun
- a Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , China
| | - Zhi-Hao Shi
- a Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , China.,b Department of Organic Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Nian-Guang Li
- a Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , China
| | - Yu-Ping Tang
- a Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , China.,c Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and College of Pharmacy , Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine , Xianyang , China
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- a Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , China
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12
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Kurth C, Kage H, Nett M. Siderophores as molecular tools in medical and environmental applications. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:8212-27. [PMID: 27492756 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01400c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Almost all life forms depend on iron as an essential micronutrient that is needed for electron transport and metabolic processes. Siderophores are low-molecular-weight iron chelators that safeguard the supply of this important metal to bacteria, fungi and graminaceous plants. Although animals and the majority of plants do not utilise siderophores and have alternative means of iron acquisition, siderophores have found important clinical and agricultural applications. In this review, we will highlight the different uses of these iron-chelating molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette Kurth
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Knöll-Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 23, D-07745 Jena, Germany
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13
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Korp J, Vela Gurovic MS, Nett M. Antibiotics from predatory bacteria. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:594-607. [PMID: 27340451 PMCID: PMC4902038 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria, which prey on other microorganisms, are commonly found in the environment. While some of these organisms act as solitary hunters, others band together in large consortia before they attack their prey. Anecdotal reports suggest that bacteria practicing such a wolfpack strategy utilize antibiotics as predatory weapons. Consistent with this hypothesis, genome sequencing revealed that these micropredators possess impressive capacities for natural product biosynthesis. Here, we will present the results from recent chemical investigations of this bacterial group, compare the biosynthetic potential with that of non-predatory bacteria and discuss the link between predation and secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Korp
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans-Knöll-Institute, Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - María S Vela Gurovic
- Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS) -CONICET- Carrindanga Km 11, Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina
| | - Markus Nett
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans-Knöll-Institute, Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Technical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, Emil-Figge-Strasse 66, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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14
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Schieferdecker S, Nett M. A fast and efficient method for the preparation of the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor myxochelin A. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Fang HJ, Shou XA, Liu Q, Gan CC, Duan HQ, Qin N. Synthesis and anti-metastatic effects of novel chiral ionone alkaloid derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 101:245-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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16
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Schieferdecker S, König S, Koeberle A, Dahse HM, Werz O, Nett M. Myxochelins target human 5-lipoxygenase. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:335-338. [PMID: 25686392 DOI: 10.1021/np500909b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Extracts of the predatory myxobacterium Pyxidicoccus fallax HKI 727 showed antiproliferative effects on leukemic K-562 cells. Bioactivity-guided fractionation led to the isolation of the bis-catechol myxochelin A and two new congeners. The biosynthetic origin of myxochelins C and D was confirmed by feeding studies with isotopically labeled precursors. Pharmacological testing revealed human 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) as a molecular target of the myxochelins. In particular, myxochelin A efficiently inhibited 5-LO activity with an IC50 of 1.9 μM and reduced the proliferation of K-562 cells at similar concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schieferdecker
- Junior Research Group Secondary Metabolism of Predatory Bacteria and §Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute , Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
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17
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The effects of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate isolated from Isostichopus badionotus on antimetastatic activity via down-regulation of Hif-1α and Hpa. Food Sci Biotechnol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-014-0224-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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18
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Li BX, Xie F, Fan Q, Barnhart KM, Moore CE, Rheingold AL, Xiao X. Novel Type of Prodrug Activation through a Long-Range O,N-Acyl Transfer: A Case of Water-Soluble CREB Inhibitor. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:1104-9. [PMID: 25313320 DOI: 10.1021/ml500330n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
CREB (cAMP response element binding protein) has been shown to play an important role in tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. We discovered that naphthol AS-E, a cell-permeable CREB inhibitor, presented antiproliferative activity in a broad panel of cancer cell lines in vitro. However, it has limited aqueous solubility. In this report, we described a water-soluble inhibitor (compound 6) of CREB-mediated gene transcription with in vivo anticancer activity. Unexpectedly, compound 6 was found to be a prodrug of compound 12 necessitating an unprecedented long-range O,N-acyl transfer. The rate of this transfer was pH- and temperature-dependent. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time to show that a long-range O,N-acyl transfer could be exploited as a prodrug activation strategy to improve aqueous solubility. This type of prodrug may be applicable to other structures with spatially arranged hydroxyl amide to improve their aqueous solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Curtis E. Moore
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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Igarashi Y, Iida T, Fukuda T, Miyanaga S, Sakurai H, Saiki I, Miyanouchi K. Catechoserine, a new catecholate-type inhibitor of tumor cell invasion from Streptomyces sp. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2012; 65:207-9. [PMID: 22252200 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2011.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Igarashi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Toyama Prefectural University, Toyama, Japan.
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20
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Jiang YL, Tang LQ, Miyanaga S, Igarashi Y, Saiki I, Liu ZP. Synthesis and evaluation of trehalose-based compounds as anti-invasive agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:1089-91. [PMID: 21269828 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.12.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 12/28/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Brartemicin is a trehalose-based inhibitor of tumor cell invasion produced by the actinomycete of the genus Nonomuraea. In order to explore the preliminary structure-activity relationship and obtain more potent inhibitors, a series of brartemicin analogs were synthesized through the Mitsunobu coupling of the secondary hydroxyls benzyl protected α,α-D-trehalose with benzoic acid derivatives, followed by modification of functional groups and deprotection. These compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against invasion of murine colon 26-L5 carcinoma cells in vitro. Among the synthetic analogs tested, 6,6'-bis(2,3-dimethoxybenzoyl)-α,α-D-trehalose (5e) was found to be the most potent anti-invasive agent, exhibited a 2.6-fold improvement with regard to the parent natural product brartemicin, and it is considered to be a promising lead molecule for the anti-metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Li Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhua Xilu, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
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21
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Rakicidin D, an inhibitor of tumor cell invasion from marine-derived Streptomyces sp. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2010; 63:563-5. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2010.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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