1
|
Ni Y, Wang Y, Tabor AB, Ward JM, Hailes HC. The use of tyrosinases in a chemoenzymatic cascade as a peptide ligation strategy. RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:132-137. [PMID: 36794017 PMCID: PMC9906322 DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00237j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides play many key roles in biological systems and numerous methods have been developed to generate both natural and unnatural peptides. However, straightforward, reliable coupling methods that can be achieved under mild reactions conditions are still sought after. In this work, a new N-terminal tyrosine-containing peptide ligation method with aldehydes, utilising a Pictet-Spengler reaction is described. In a key step, tyrosinase enzymes have been used to convert l-tyrosine to l-3,4-dihydroxyphenyl alanine (l-DOPA) residues, generating suitable functionality for the Pictet-Spengler coupling. This new chemoenzymatic coupling strategy can be used for fluorescent-tagging and peptide ligation purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeke Ni
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Alethea B. Tabor
- Department of Chemistry, University College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - John M. Ward
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College LondonBernard Katz Building, Gower StreetLondon WC1E 6BTUK
| | - Helen C. Hailes
- Department of Chemistry, University College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lamboley S, Vuichoud B, de Saint Laumer JY, Herrmann A. Release of Volatile Cyclopentanone Derivatives from Imidazolidin-4-One Profragrances in a Fabric Softener Application. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28010382. [PMID: 36615574 PMCID: PMC9822342 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Imidazolidin-4-ones were investigated as hydrolytically cleavable profragrances to increase the long-lastingness of perfume perception in a fabric softener application. The reaction of different amino acid amides with 2-alkyl- or 2-alkenylcyclopentanones as the model fragrances to be released afforded the corresponding bi- or tricyclic imidazolidin-4-ones as mixtures of diastereoisomers, which were separated by column chromatography. In polar solution, the different stereoisomers equilibrated under thermodynamic conditions to form mixtures with constant isomeric distributions, as shown by NMR spectroscopy. Dynamic headspace analysis on dry cotton demonstrated the controlled fragrance release from the precursors in practical application. Under non-equilibrium conditions (continuous evaporation of the fragrance) and depending on the structure and stereochemistry of the profragrances, the recorded headspace concentrations of the fragrance released from the precursors increased by a factor of 2 up to 100 with respect to the unmodified reference. Prolinamide-based precursors released the highest amount of fragrance and were thus found to be particularly suitable for prolonging the evaporation of cyclopentanone-derived fragrances on a dry cotton surface.
Collapse
|
3
|
Cebeci YU, Ceylan S, Demirbas N, Karaoğlu ŞA. Microwave-assisted Synthesis of Novel Mannich Base and Conazole Derivatives Containing Biologically Active Pharmacological Groups. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180817999201016154034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The aim of this study was to synthesize new mannich bases and conazol
derivatives with biological activity by the microwave-assisted method.
Introduction:
1,2,4-Triazole-3-one (3) acquired from tryptamine was transformed to the corresponding
carbox(thio)amides (6a-c) via several steps. Compounds 6a-c were refluxed with sodium hydroxide
to yield 1,2,4-triazole derivatives (7a-c). Compounds 3 and 7a-c on treatment with different
heterocyclic secondary amines in an ambiance with formaldehyde afforded the mannich bases 8-15
having diverse pharmacophore units with biologically active sites. The reaction of compound 3 and
2-bromo-1-(4-chlorophenyl) ethanone in the presence of sodium ethoxide gave the corresponding
product 2-substituted-1,2,4-triazole-3-one, 16, which was reduced to 1,2,4-triazoles (17). Synthesis
of compounds 18, 19, and 20 was carried out starting from compounds 17 with 4-chlorobenzyl
chloride (for 18), 2,4-dichlorobenzyl chloride (for 19), and 2,6-dichlorobenzyl chloride (for 20).
Methods:
he conventional technique was utilized for the synthesis of compounds, 3-7, and microwave-
assisted technique for the compounds, 8-20. That is, green chemistry techniques were applied
during these reactions. The structures of molecules were elucidated on the foundation of 1H NMR,
13C NMR, FT-IR, EI-MS methods, and elemental analysis. Novel synthesized molecules were investigated
for their antimicrobial activity using MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) method.
Results:
Aminoalkylation of triazole derivatives 3 and 7a-c with fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin
and norfloxacin provided an enhancement to the bioactivity of mannich bases 8-11 against
the tested microorganisms. The MIC values ranged between <0.24 and 3.9 μg/mL. Moreover, molecules
10 and 11 exhibited more effects on M. smegmatis than the other compounds by the MIC
values of <1 μg/mL. They have shown very good antituberculosis activity.
Conclusion:
Most of the synthesized structures were observed to have excellent antimicrobial activity
against most microorganisms taken into account. These molecules have better activity than the
standard drug ampicillin and streptomycin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yıldız Uygun Cebeci
- Department of Chemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon,Turkey
| | - Sule Ceylan
- Artvin Çoruh University, Department of Occupational Health and Safety, 08000, Artvin,Turkey
| | - Neslihan Demirbas
- Department of Chemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon,Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Venteicher B, Merklin K, Ngo HX, Chien HC, Hutchinson K, Campbell J, Way H, Griffith J, Alvarado C, Chandra S, Hill E, Schlessinger A, Thomas AA. The Effects of Prodrug Size and a Carbonyl Linker on l-Type Amino Acid Transporter 1-Targeted Cellular and Brain Uptake. ChemMedChem 2020; 16:869-880. [PMID: 33230949 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The l-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1, SLC7A5) imports dietary amino acids and amino acid drugs (e. g., l-DOPA) into the brain, and plays a role in cancer metabolism. Though there have been numerous reports of LAT1-targeted amino acid-drug conjugates (prodrugs), identifying the structural determinants to enhance substrate activity has been challenging. In this work, we investigated the position and orientation of a carbonyl group in linking hydrophobic moieties including the anti-inflammatory drug ketoprofen to l-tyrosine and l-phenylalanine. We found that esters of meta-carboxyl l-phenylalanine had better LAT1 transport rates than the corresponding acylated l-tyrosine analogues. However, as the size of the hydrophobic moiety increased, we observed a decrease in LAT1 transport rate with a concomitant increase in potency of inhibition. Our results have important implications for designing amino acid prodrugs that target LAT1 at the blood-brain barrier or on cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brooklynn Venteicher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Kearney, 2401 11th Ave, Bruner Hall of Science, Kearney, NE 68849, USA
| | - Kasey Merklin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Kearney, 2401 11th Ave, Bruner Hall of Science, Kearney, NE 68849, USA
| | - Huy X Ngo
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 1550 4th St, Rm RH581, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Huan-Chieh Chien
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 1550 4th St, Rm RH581, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Keino Hutchinson
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, 1468 Madison Ave, Annenberg Building Floor 19, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jerome Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Kearney, 2401 11th Ave, Bruner Hall of Science, Kearney, NE 68849, USA
| | - Hannah Way
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Kearney, 2401 11th Ave, Bruner Hall of Science, Kearney, NE 68849, USA
| | - Joseph Griffith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Kearney, 2401 11th Ave, Bruner Hall of Science, Kearney, NE 68849, USA
| | - Cesar Alvarado
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Kearney, 2401 11th Ave, Bruner Hall of Science, Kearney, NE 68849, USA
| | - Surabhi Chandra
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Kearney, 2401 11th Ave, Bruner Hall of Science, Kearney, NE 68849, USA
| | - Evan Hill
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska, at Kearney 2507 11th Ave, Copeland Hall, Kearney, NE, 68849, (USA)
| | - Avner Schlessinger
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, 1468 Madison Ave, Annenberg Building Floor 19, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Allen A Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Kearney, 2401 11th Ave, Bruner Hall of Science, Kearney, NE 68849, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Akhtar MJ, Yar MS, Grover G, Nath R. Neurological and psychiatric management using COMT inhibitors: A review. Bioorg Chem 2020; 94:103418. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
6
|
Synthesis, spectral, electrochemical, in-vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of bisphenolic mannich base and 8-hydroxyquinoline based mixed ligands and their transition metal complexes. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.126886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
7
|
Haddad F, Sawalha M, Khawaja Y, Najjar A, Karaman R. Dopamine and Levodopa Prodrugs for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Molecules 2017; 23:E40. [PMID: 29295587 PMCID: PMC5943940 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Parkinson's disease is an aggressive and progressive neurodegenerative disorder that depletes dopamine (DA) in the central nervous system. Dopamine replacement therapy, mainly through actual dopamine and its original prodrug l-dopa (LD), faces many challenges such as poor blood brain barrier penetration and decreased response to therapy with time. Methods: The prodrugs described herein are ester, amide, dimeric amide, carrier-mediated, peptide transport-mediated, cyclic, chemical delivery systems and enzyme-models prodrugs designed and made by chemical means, and their bioavailability was studied in animals. Results: A promising ester prodrug for intranasal delivery has been developed. LD methyl ester is currently in Phase III clinical trials. A series of amide prodrugs were synthesized with better stability than ester prodrugs. Both amide and dimeric amide prodrugs offer enhanced blood brain barrier (BBB) penetration and better pharmacokinetics. Attaching LD to sugars has been used to exploit glucose transport mechanisms into the brain. Conclusions: Till now, no DA prodrug has reached the pharmaceutical market, nevertheless, the future of utilizing prodrugs for the treatment of PD seems to be bright. For instance, LD ester prodrugs have demonstrated an adequate intranasal delivery of LD, thus enabling the absorption of therapeutic agents to the brain. Most of the amide, cyclic, peptidyl or chemical delivery systems of DA prodrugs demonstrated enhanced pharmacokinetic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Haddad
- Department of Bioorganic & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem P.O. Box 20002, Palestine.
| | - Maryam Sawalha
- Department of Bioorganic & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem P.O. Box 20002, Palestine.
| | - Yahya Khawaja
- Department of Bioorganic & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem P.O. Box 20002, Palestine.
| | - Anas Najjar
- Department of Bioorganic & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem P.O. Box 20002, Palestine.
| | - Rafik Karaman
- Department of Bioorganic & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem P.O. Box 20002, Palestine.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Locatelli M, Ferrante C, Carradori S, Secci D, Leporini L, Chiavaroli A, Leone S, Recinella L, Orlando G, Martinotti S, Brunetti L, Vacca M, Menghini L. Optimization of Aqueous Extraction and Biological Activity of Harpagophytum procumbens Root on Ex Vivo Rat Colon Inflammatory Model. Phytother Res 2017; 31:937-944. [PMID: 28447368 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Harpagophytum procumbens has a long story of use for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Considering both the antiinflammatory effects of H. procumbens in multiple tissues and the stability of harpagoside in artificial intestinal fluid, the aim of the present study was to explore the possible protective role of a microwave-assisted aqueous Harpagophytum extract (1-1000 μg/mL) on mouse myoblast C2C12 and human colorectal adenocarcinoma HCT116 cell lines, and isolated rat colon specimens challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a validated ex vivo model of acute ulcerative colitis. In this context, we evaluated the effects on C2C12 and HCT116 viability, and on LPS-induced production of serotonin (5-HT), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, prostaglandin (PG)E2 and 8-iso-prostaglandin (8-iso-PG)F2α . Harpagophytum extract was well tolerated by C2C12 cells, while reduced HCT116 colon cancer cell viability. On the other hand, Harpagophytum extract reduced H2 O2 -induced (1 mM) reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, in both cell lines, and inhibited LPS-induced colon production of PGE2 , 8-iso-PGF2α , 5-HT and TNFα. Concluding, we demonstrated the efficacy of a microwave-assisted Harpagophytum aqueous extract in modulating the inflammatory, oxidative stress and immune response in an experimental model of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), thus suggesting a rational use of Harpagophytum in the management and prevention of ulcerative colitis in humans. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Locatelli
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferrante
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Daniela Secci
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Lidia Leporini
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiavaroli
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sheila Leone
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Lucia Recinella
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giustino Orlando
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sara Martinotti
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Michele Vacca
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigi Menghini
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Atlas D. DopAmide: Novel, Water-Soluble, Slow-Release l-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) Precursor Moderates l-DOPA Conversion to Dopamine and Generates a Sustained Level of Dopamine at Dopaminergic Neurons. CNS Neurosci Ther 2016; 22:461-7. [PMID: 26861609 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term l-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with motor complications known as l-DOPA-induced dyskinesias (LID) and on/off fluctuations, which are linked to unsteady pulsatile dopaminergic stimulation. AIM The objective of this study was to improve l-DOPA treatment by slowing and stabilizing dopamine (DA) production in the brain and increasing water solubility to provide a rescue therapy for PD. RESULTS We synthesized l-DOPA-amide, a novel l-DOPA precursor called DopAmide. DopAmide is water soluble and, as a prodrug, requires hydrolysis prior to decarboxylation by the aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.28; AAAD). In the 6-OH-dopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rats, DopAmide maintained steady rotations for up to 4 h compared with 2 h by l-DOPA, suggesting that this rate-limiting step generated a sustained level of DA at dopaminergic neurons. Pharmacokinetic studies showed elimination half-life of l-DOPA in the plasma after DopAmide treatment of t1/2 = 4.1 h, significantly longer than t1/2 = 2.9 h after treatment with l-DOPA, consistent with the 6-OHDA results. CONCLUSIONS The slow conversion of DopAmide to l-DOPA provides a sustained level of DA in the dopaminergic cells, shown by the long 6-OHDA steady rotations. The water solubility and improved bioavailability may help reduce medication frequency associated with l-DOPA treatment of PD. Sustained levels of DA might lower the super-sensitization of DA signaling and potentially attenuate l-DOPA adverse effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daphne Atlas
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lipid nanocarriers containing a levodopa prodrug with potential antiparkinsonian activity. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 48:294-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
11
|
Wang L, Lieberman BP, Ploessl K, Kung HF. Synthesis and evaluation of ¹⁸F labeled FET prodrugs for tumor imaging. Nucl Med Biol 2013; 41:58-67. [PMID: 24183614 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION O-(2-[(18)F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (FET, [(18)F]1) is a useful amino-acid-based imaging agent for brain tumors. This paper reports the synthesis and evaluation of three FET prodrugs, O-(2-[(18)F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosyl-L-glycine (FET-Gly, [(18)F]2), O-(2-[(18)F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosyl-L-alanine (FET-Ala, [(18)F]3) and N-acetyl O-(2-[(18)F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (AcFET, [(18)F]4), which could be readily hydrolyzed to FET in vivo for tumor imaging. We investigated their metabolism in the blood and imaging properties in comparison to FET ([(18)F]1). METHODS Three new [(18)F]FET derivatives, 2-4, were prepared from their corresponding tosylate-precursors through nucleophilic fluorination and subsequent deprotection reactions. In vitro uptake studies were carried out in 9L glioma cancer cell lines. In vitro and in vivo hydrolysis studies were conducted to evaluate the hydrolysis of FET prodrugs in blood and in Fisher 344 rats. Biodistribution and PET imaging studies were then performed in rats bearing 9L tumors. RESULTS New FET prodrugs were prepared with 3-28% decay corrected radiochemical yields, good enantiomeric purity (>95%) and high radiochemical purity (>95%). FET-Gly ([(18)F]2), FET-Ala ([(18)F]3), and AcFET ([(18)F]4) exhibited negligible uptake in comparison to the high uptake of FET ([(18)F]1) in 9L cells. Metabolism studies of FET-Gly ([(18)F]2), FET-Ala ([(18)F]3), and AcFET ([(18)F]4) in rat and human blood showed that FET-Ala ([(18)F]3) was hydrolyzed to FET ([(18)F]1) faster than FET-Gly ([(18)F]2) or AcFET ([(18)F]4). Most of the FET-Ala (79%) was converted to FET ([(18)F]1) within 5min in blood in vivo. Biodistribution studies demonstrated that FET-Ala ([(18)F]3) displayed the highest tumor uptake. The tumor-to-background ratios of FET-Ala ([(18)F]3) and FET ([(18)F]1) were comparable and appeared to be better than those of FET-Gly ([(18)F]2) and AcFET ([(18)F]4). PET imaging studies showed that both FET ([(18)F]1) and FET-Ala ([(18)F]3) could visualize tumors effectively, and that they share similar imaging characteristics. CONCLUSIONS FET-Ala ([(18)F]3) demonstrated promising properties as a prodrug of FET ([(18)F]1), which could be used in PET imaging of tumor amino acid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Limin Wang
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Brunetti L, Orlando G, Ferrante C, Recinella L, Leone S, Chiavaroli A, Di Nisio C, Shohreh R, Manippa F, Ricciuti A, Vacca M. Orexigenic effects of omentin-1 related to decreased CART and CRH gene expression and increased norepinephrine synthesis and release in the hypothalamus. Peptides 2013; 44:66-74. [PMID: 23538212 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Omentin-1, a visceral fat depot-specific secretory protein, is inversely correlated with obesity and insulin resistance. We investigated, in rats, the effects of chronic omentin-1 administration (8 μg/kg, intraperitoneally, once daily for 14-days) on feeding behavior and related hypothalamic peptides and neurotransmitters. Food intake and body weight were recorded daily throughout the study. We found a significantly increased food intake compared to controls, but only in days 10-14, while body weight significantly increased since day 12 (P<0.05). Compared with vehicle, omentin-1 treatment led to a significant reduction in both cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) (P<0.05) and corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) (P<0.05) gene expression, while pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), agouti-related peptide (AgRP), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and orexin-A gene expression were not modified with respect to vehicle-treated rats. We also found an increase in hypothalamic levodopa (l-dopa) (P<0.05) and norepinephrine (NE) (P<0.01) synthesis, without any effect on dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) metabolism. Furthermore, in hypothalamic synaptosomes, omentin-1 (10-100 ng/ml) stimulated basal NE release (ANOVA, P<0.0001; post hoc, P<0.001 vs. vehicle), in a dose-dependent manner, leaving unaffected both basal and depolarization-induced DA and 5-HT release. Finally, when synaptosomes were co-perfused with leptin and omentin-1, we observed that leptin was able to reverse omentin-1-induced stimulation of NE. In conclusion, the orexigenic effects of omentin-1 could be related, at least in part, to decreased CART and CRH gene expression and increased NE synthesis and release in the hypothalamus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University, via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sozio P, Cerasa LS, Abbadessa A, Di Stefano A. Designing prodrugs for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2012; 7:385-406. [PMID: 22494466 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2012.677025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current Parkinson's disease (PD) therapy is essentially symptomatic, and l-Dopa (LD), is the treatment of choice in more advanced stages of the disease. However, motor complications often develop after long-term treatment, and at this point physicians usually prescribe adjuvant therapy with other classes of antiparkinsonian drugs, including dopamine (DA) agonists, catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) or monoamine oxidase (MAO)-B inhibitors. In order to improve bioavailability, the prodrug approach appeared to be the most promising, and some antiparkinsonian prodrugs have been prepared in an effort to solve these problems. AREAS COVERED This review discusses the evidence of progress in PD therapy, mainly focused on prodrug approach for treatment of this neurological disorder. Several derivatives were studied with the aim of enhancing its chemical stability, water or lipid solubility, as well as diminishing the susceptibility to enzymatic degradation. Chemical structures mainly related to LD, DA and dopaminergic agonists are also reviewed in this paper. EXPERT OPINION In order to strengthen the pharmacological activity of antiparkinsonian drugs, enhancing their penetration of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), different approaches are possible. Among these, the prodrug approach appeared to be the most promising, and many prodrugs have been prepared in an effort to optimize physicochemical characteristics. In addition, novel therapeutic strategies based on formulations linking dopaminergic drugs with neuroprotective agents, increasing LD striatal levels and offering sustained release of the drug without any fluctuation of brain concentration, offer promising avenues for development of other effective new treatments for PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piera Sozio
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Drug Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University, Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Trachsel A, Buchs B, Godin G, Crochet A, Fromm KM, Herrmann A. Preparation of Imidazolidin-4-ones and Their Evaluation as Hydrolytically Cleavable Precursors for the Slow Release of Bioactive Volatile Carbonyl Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
15
|
Kathrotiya HG, Patel NA, Patel RG, Patel MP. An efficient synthesis of 3′-quinolinyl substituted imidazole-5-one derivatives catalyzed by zeolite and their antimicrobial activity. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2011.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
16
|
Chávez P, Kirsch J, Streuff J, Muñiz K. Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Diamination of Acrylic Esters Using Sulfamates as Nitrogen Source. J Org Chem 2012; 77:1922-30. [DOI: 10.1021/jo202507d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Chávez
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans,
16, E-43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jonathan Kirsch
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans,
16, E-43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jan Streuff
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kilian Muñiz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans,
16, E-43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Pg. Lluís
Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
D'Aurizio E, Sozio P, Cerasa LS, Vacca M, Brunetti L, Orlando G, Chiavaroli A, Kok RJ, Hennink WE, Di Stefano A. Biodegradable microspheres loaded with an anti-Parkinson prodrug: an in vivo pharmacokinetic study. Mol Pharm 2011; 8:2408-15. [PMID: 22014118 DOI: 10.1021/mp200337h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
During chronic treatment with L-dopa (LD), Parkinsonian patients often experience uncontrolled motor complications due to fluctuations of the plasmatic levels of LD that result in pulsatile dopaminergic stimulation. To overcome these plasmatic fluctuations, a novel prodrug of LD, L-dopa-α-lipoic acid (LD-LA), has been proposed as a tool for achieving continuous dopaminergic stimulation. Due to slower susceptibility toward enzymatic conversion by LD-degrading enzymes (such as catechol-O-methyltransferase and monoamine oxidase), the plasma half-life of this prodrug is longer than that of LD. Moreover, the higher lipophilicity of LD-LA over LD promotes its delivery to the CNS, where the resulting levels of dopamine (DA) are kept high for a longer time than after equimolar administration of LD. To further reduce fluctuations in plasma levels of LD, LD-LA has been entrapped into biodegradable polymeric microspheres to be used as a depot system with the aim to prevent prodrug degradation and to obtain a sustained release of the intact compound. In the present work, a formulation of LD-LA loaded microspheres (characterized for drug loading, size, morphology, thermal properties, and in vitro prodrug release) has been administered subcutaneously to rats, and the resulting levels of LD and DA in plasma and striatal tissue, respectively, have been monitored. A good correlation between the in vitro release kinetics and the time range during which the formulation alters the LD/DA tissue levels in vivo was observed, suggesting that the polymeric microsphere matrix protects the loaded prodrug from chemical and enzymatic degradation and controls its release. Interestingly, LD-LA microspheres provided sustained levels of DA neurotransmitter in the striatum nucleus for up to 4 days after a single administration. In conclusion, a polymeric microsphere formulation of LD-LA is an attractive medicine for treating Parkinson's disease (PD) symptoms, avoiding motor complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E D'Aurizio
- Department of Drug Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of G. D'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Miqdad OA, Abunada NM, Hassaneen HM. Regioselectivity of nitrilimines 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition: Novel synthesis of spiro[4,4]nona-2,8-dien-6-one derivatives. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.20666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
19
|
CNS delivery of L-dopa by a new hybrid glutathione-methionine peptidomimetic prodrug. Amino Acids 2010; 42:261-9. [PMID: 21080012 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0804-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/29/2010] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated primarily with loss of dopamine (DA) neurons in the nigrostriatal system. With the aim of increasing the bioavailability of L: -dopa (LD) after oral administration and of overcoming the pro-oxidant effect associated with LD therapy, we designed a peptidomimetic LD prodrug (1) able to release the active agent by enzyme catalyzed hydrolysis. The physicochemical properties, as well as the chemical and enzymatic stabilities of the new compound, were evaluated in order to check both its stability in aqueous medium and its sensitivity towards enzymatic cleavage, providing the parent LD drug, in rat and human plasma. The radical scavenging activities of prodrug 1 was tested by using both the DPPH-HPLC and the DMSO competition methods. The results indicate that the replacement of cysteine GSH portion by methionine confers resistance to oxidative degradation in gastric fluid. Prodrug 1 demonstrated to induce sustained delivery of DA in rat striatal tissue with respect to equimolar LD dosages. These results are of significance for prospective therapeutic application of prodrug 1 in pathological events associated with free radical damage and decreasing DA concentration in the brain.
Collapse
|