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Biswas B, Huang YH, Craik DJ, Wang CK. The prospect of substrate-based kinase inhibitors to improve target selectivity and overcome drug resistance. Chem Sci 2024; 15:13130-13147. [PMID: 39183924 PMCID: PMC11339801 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01088d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Human kinases are recognized as one of the most important drug targets associated with cancer. There are >80 FDA-approved kinase inhibitors to date, most of which work by inhibiting ATP binding to the kinase. However, the frequent development of single-point mutations within the kinase domain has made overcoming drug resistance a major challenge in drug discovery today. Targeting the substrate site of kinases can offer a more selective and resistance-resilient solution compared to ATP inhibition but has traditionally been challenging. However, emerging technologies for the discovery of drug leads using recombinant display and stabilization of lead compounds have increased interest in targeting the substrate site of kinases. This review discusses recent advances in the substrate-based inhibition of protein kinases and the potential of such approaches for overcoming the emergence of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Biswas
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia 4072
| | - Yen-Hua Huang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia 4072
| | - David J Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia 4072
| | - Conan K Wang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia 4072
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2
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Mohamed DM, Kheder NA, Sharaky M, Nafie MS, Dawood KM, Abbas AA. Synthesis of novel piperazine-based bis(thiazole)(1,3,4-thiadiazole) hybrids as anti-cancer agents through caspase-dependent apoptosis. RSC Adv 2024; 14:24992-25006. [PMID: 39131497 PMCID: PMC11310838 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra05091f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
A series of novel piperazine-based bis(thiazoles) 13a-d were synthesized in moderate to good yields via reaction of the bis(thiosemicarbazones) 7a, b with an assortment of C-acetyl-N-aryl-hydrazonoyl chlorides 8a-f. Similar treatment of the bis(thiosemicarbazone) 7a, b with C-aryl-N-phenylhydrazonoyl chlorides 10a, b afforded the expected bis(thiadiazole) based piperazine products 13b-d in reasonable yields. Cyclization of 7a, b with two equivalents of α-haloketones 14a-d led to the production of the corresponding bis(4-arylthiazol)piperazine derivatives 15a-h in good yields. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed from elemental and spectral data (FTIR, MALDI-TOF, 1H, and 13C NMR). The cytotoxicity of the new compounds was screened against hepatoblastoma (HepG2), human colorectal carcinoma (HCT 116), breast cancer (MCF-7), and Human Dermal Fibroblasts (HDF). Interestingly, all compounds showed promising cytotoxicity against most of the cell lines. Interestingly, compounds 7b, 9a, and 9i exhibited IC50 values of 3.5, 12.1, and 1.2 nM, respectively, causing inhibition of 89.7%, 83.7%, and 97.5%, compared to Erlotinib (IC50 = 1.3 nM, 97.8% inhibition). Compound 9i dramatically induced apoptotic cell death by 4.16-fold and necrosis cell death by 4.79-fold. Compound 9i upregulated the apoptosis-related genes and downregulated the Bcl-2 as an anti-apoptotic gene. Accordingly, the most promising EGFR-targeted chemotherapeutic agent to treat colon cancer was found to be compound 9i.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa M Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University Giza 12613 Egypt +202 35727556 +202 35676602
| | - Nabila A Kheder
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University Giza 12613 Egypt +202 35727556 +202 35676602
| | - Marwa Sharaky
- Pharmacology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University Cairo Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Nafie
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah P. O. 27272 Sharjah United Arab Emirates
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University Ismailia 41522 Egypt
| | - Kamal M Dawood
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University Giza 12613 Egypt +202 35727556 +202 35676602
| | - Ashraf A Abbas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University Giza 12613 Egypt +202 35727556 +202 35676602
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3
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Mourya A, Prajapati N. Precision Deuteration in Search of Anticancer Agents: Approaches to Cancer Drug Discovery. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2024; 39:1-18. [PMID: 37585602 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2023.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer chemotherapy has been shifted from conventional cytotoxic drug therapy to selective and target-specific therapy after the findings about DNA changes and proteins that are responsible for cancer. A large number of newer drugs were discovered as targeted therapy for particular types of neoplastic disease. The initial discovery includes the development of the first in the category, imatinib, a Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) for the treatment of chronic myelocytic leukemia in 2001. But the joy did not last for long as the drug developed a point mutation within the ABL1 kinase domain of BCR-ABL1, which subsequently led to the discovery of many other TKIs. Resistance was observed for newer TKIs a few years after their launching, but the use of TKIs in life-threatening cancer therapy is considered as far better compared with the risks of disease because of its target specificity and hence less toxicity. In search of a better anticancer agent, the physiochemical properties of the lead molecule have been modified for its efficacy toward disease and delay in the development of resistance. Deuteration in the drug molecule is one of such modifications that alter the pharmacokinetic properties, generally its metabolism, as compared with its pharmacodynamic effects. Precision deuteration in many anticancer drugs has been carried out to search for better drugs for cancer. In this review, the majority of anticancer drugs and molecules for which deuteration was applied to get better anticancer molecules were discussed. This review will provide a complete guide about the benefits of deuteration in cancer chemotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Imatinib Mesylate/therapeutic use
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Drug Discovery
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Mourya
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Navnit Prajapati
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
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Di Martino RMC, Maxwell BD, Pirali T. Deuterium in drug discovery: progress, opportunities and challenges. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:562-584. [PMID: 37277503 PMCID: PMC10241557 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00703-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Substitution of a hydrogen atom with its heavy isotope deuterium entails the addition of one neutron to a molecule. Despite being a subtle change, this structural modification, known as deuteration, may improve the pharmacokinetic and/or toxicity profile of drugs, potentially translating into improvements in efficacy and safety compared with the non-deuterated counterparts. Initially, efforts to exploit this potential primarily led to the development of deuterated analogues of marketed drugs through a 'deuterium switch' approach, such as deutetrabenazine, which became the first deuterated drug to receive FDA approval in 2017. In the past few years, the focus has shifted to applying deuteration in novel drug discovery, and the FDA approved the pioneering de novo deuterated drug deucravacitinib in 2022. In this Review, we highlight key milestones in the field of deuteration in drug discovery and development, emphasizing recent and instructive medicinal chemistry programmes and discussing the opportunities and hurdles for drug developers, as well as the questions that remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tracey Pirali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
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Wang XM, Wang J, Fokina V, Patrikeeva S, Rytting E, Ahmed MS, La JH, Nanovskaya T. Effect of deuteration on the single dose pharmacokinetic properties and postoperative analgesic activity of methadone. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2022; 47:100477. [PMID: 36368298 PMCID: PMC9886271 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2022.100477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Although methadone is effective in the management of acute pain, the complexity of its absorption-distribution-metabolism-excretion profile limits its use as an opioid of choice for perioperative analgesia. Because deuteration is known to improve the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and toxicological properties of some drugs, here we characterized the single dose pharmacokinetic properties and post-operative analgesic efficacy of d9-methadone. The pharmacokinetic profiles of d9-methadone and methadone administered intravenously to CD-1 male mice revealed that deuteration leads to a 5.7- and 4.4-fold increase in the area under the time-concentration curve and maximum concentration in plasma, respectively, as well as reduction in clearance (0.9 ± 0.3 L/h/kg vs 4.7 ± 0.8 L/h/kg). The lower brain-to-plasma ratio of d9-methadone compared to that of methadone (0.35 ± 0.12 vs 2.05 ± 0.62) suggested that deuteration decreases the transfer of the drug across the blood-brain barrier. The estimated LD50 value for a single intravenous dose of d9-methadone was 2.1-fold higher than that for methadone. Moreover, d9-methadone outperformed methadone in the efficacy against postoperative pain by primarily activating peripheral opioid receptors. Collectively, these data suggest that the replacement of three hydrogen atoms in three methyl groups of methadone altered its pharmacokinetic properties, improved safety, and enhanced its analgesic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Wang
- Maternal-Fetal Pharmacology and Bio-Development Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Jigong Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Valentina Fokina
- Maternal-Fetal Pharmacology and Bio-Development Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Svetlana Patrikeeva
- Maternal-Fetal Pharmacology and Bio-Development Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Erik Rytting
- Maternal-Fetal Pharmacology and Bio-Development Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Mahmoud S Ahmed
- Maternal-Fetal Pharmacology and Bio-Development Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Jun-Ho La
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Tatiana Nanovskaya
- Maternal-Fetal Pharmacology and Bio-Development Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
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Almalghrabi M, Abiedalla Y, Dhanasakaran M, DeRuiter J, Randall Clark C. GC–MS and GC–IR of Regioisomeric 4-N-Bromodimethoxybenzyl Derivatives of 3-Trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine. Forensic Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2022.100416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kopf S, Bourriquen F, Li W, Neumann H, Junge K, Beller M. Recent Developments for the Deuterium and Tritium Labeling of Organic Molecules. Chem Rev 2022; 122:6634-6718. [PMID: 35179363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Organic compounds labeled with hydrogen isotopes play a crucial role in numerous areas, from materials science to medicinal chemistry. Indeed, while the replacement of hydrogen by deuterium gives rise to improved absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties in drugs and enables the preparation of internal standards for analytical mass spectrometry, the use of tritium-labeled compounds is a key technique all along drug discovery and development in the pharmaceutical industry. For these reasons, the interest in new methodologies for the isotopic enrichment of organic molecules and the extent of their applications are equally rising. In this regard, this Review intends to comprehensively discuss the new developments in this area over the last years (2017-2021). Notably, besides the fundamental hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE) reactions and the use of isotopically labeled analogues of common organic reagents, a plethora of reductive and dehalogenative deuteration techniques and other transformations with isotope incorporation are emerging and are now part of the labeling toolkit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Kopf
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V., 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Wu Li
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V., 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Kathrin Junge
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V., 18059 Rostock, Germany
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Wittlinger F, Laufer SA. The pre-clinical discovery and development of osimertinib used to treat non-small cell lung cancer. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2021; 16:1091-1103. [PMID: 34053372 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1936496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Osimertinib is currently the only FDA- and EMA-approved third-generation small-molecule epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). It was initially indicated for second-line treatment of patients with metastatic EGFR T790M mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and got approved for first-line treatment of EGFR activation mutation-positive metastatic NSCLC in 2018. Most recently, the FDA granted approval for the adjuvant treatment of patients with early-stage mutated EGFR NSCLC after tumor resection.Areas covered: This drug discovery case history focuses on the key studies that led to the preclinical discovery and development of osimertinib. The authors focus on published preclinical studies by scientists from AstraZeneca and highlight key events in the clinical development.Expert opinion: Although eventually compromised by the cellular plasticity of the tumor and the inevitable acquisition of drug resistance through the use of osimertinib, its key role in the treatment of NSCLC with specific EGFR mutations will be maintained in the near future. As the genome of EGFR is highly labile and since the rapid development of new mutants remains an issue, there is still room for improvement for the next generation of inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Wittlinger
- Tuebingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery & Development, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan A Laufer
- Tuebingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery & Development, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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9
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Zhou R, Ma L, Yang X, Cao J. Recent advances in visible-light photocatalytic deuteration reactions. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01299h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The recent advances in visible-light photocatalytic deuteration of X–H, C–halogen, CC, and other bonds for the synthesis of deuterium-labeled organic molecules have been summarized according to the type of bond deuterated in the reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan
- China
| | - Lishuang Ma
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- China University of Petroleum (East China)
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Xiaona Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan
- China
| | - Jilei Cao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan
- China
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10
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Makarova M, Barrientos RC, Torres OB, Matyas GR, Jacobson AE, Sulima A, Rice KC. Synthesis of a deuterated 6-AmHap internal standard for the determination of hapten density in a heroin vaccine drug product. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2020; 63:564-571. [PMID: 32876947 PMCID: PMC7717678 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A deuterated hapten was designed and synthesized that will be essential for a future study of residual hapten and stability of a hapten-protein conjugate. This hapten, 6-AmHap, was chosen for a heroin vaccine that is now slated for a Phase 1 clinical trial. A maleimide-thiol bioconjugation strategy was successfully applied to our heroin vaccine to connect the hapten 6-AmHap with an immunogenic carrier protein (tetanus toxoid, TT) through a trityl-protected 3-mercaptopropanamide linker. The antibodies induced by the vaccine have been found to have activity against several opioids, including heroin and its metabolites, and, importantly, leave alternate pain treatment medications such as methadone untouched. To the best of our knowledge, no other hapten for a heroin vaccine has been deuterated, yet this tool may prove to be of great importance in the study of residual hapten during product release and the long-term stability program of a hapten-protein conjugate as part of FDA regulatory requirements. Hydrocodone was the starting material for the synthesis of the deuterated 6-AmHap, with a stable amide at C6 and a 3-mercaptopropanamide linker attached at C3. The desired deuterated product was prepared as the disulfide, 3,3'-disulfanediylbis(N-((7S,7aR,12bS)-7-acetamido-3-[2 H3 ]methyl)-2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,7a-octahydro-1H-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinolin-9-yl)propanamide), that could be easily reduced to form the needed hapten, N-((4aR,7S,7aR,12bS)-7-acetamido-3-[2 H3 ]methyl]-2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,7a-octahydro-1H-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinolin-9-yl)-3-mercaptopropanamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Makarova
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rodell C Barrientos
- Laboratory of Adjuvant and Antigen Research, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Oscar B Torres
- Laboratory of Adjuvant and Antigen Research, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gary R Matyas
- Laboratory of Adjuvant and Antigen Research, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Arthur E Jacobson
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Agnieszka Sulima
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kenner C Rice
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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11
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Zhang Z, Qiu C, Xu Y, Han Q, Tang J, Loh KP, Su C. Semiconductor photocatalysis to engineering deuterated N-alkyl pharmaceuticals enabled by synergistic activation of water and alkanols. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4722. [PMID: 32948764 PMCID: PMC7501254 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18458-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Precisely controlled deuterium labeling at specific sites of N-alkyl drugs is crucial in drug-development as over 50% of the top-selling drugs contain N-alkyl groups, in which it is very challenging to selectively replace protons with deuterium atoms. With the goal of achieving controllable isotope-labeling in N-alkylated amines, we herein rationally design photocatalytic water-splitting to furnish [H] or [D] and isotope alkanol-oxidation by photoexcited electron-hole pairs on a polymeric semiconductor. The controlled installation of N-CH3, -CDH2, -CD2H, -CD3, and -13CH3 groups into pharmaceutical amines thus has been demonstrated by tuning isotopic water and methanol. More than 50 examples with a wide range of functionalities are presented, demonstrating the universal applicability and mildness of this strategy. Gram-scale production has been realized, paving the way for the practical photosynthesis of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofei Zhang
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Materials Information Functional Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoeletronics, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuntian Qiu
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Materials Information Functional Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoeletronics, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yangsen Xu
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Materials Information Functional Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoeletronics, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qing Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic, Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Junwang Tang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Kian Ping Loh
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM), National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Chenliang Su
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Materials Information Functional Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoeletronics, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China.
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Paludetto M, Puisset F, Chatelut E, Arellano C. Identifying the reactive metabolites of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in a comprehensive approach: Implications for drug‐drug interactions and hepatotoxicity. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:2105-2152. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie‐Noëlle Paludetto
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, INSERMUMR1037Université de Toulouse Toulouse Cedex 1 France
- Faculté de PharmacieUniversité Paul Sabatier Toulouse France
- Département PharmacieInstitut Claudius Regaud, IUCT‐O Toulouse France
| | - Florent Puisset
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, INSERMUMR1037Université de Toulouse Toulouse Cedex 1 France
- Faculté de PharmacieUniversité Paul Sabatier Toulouse France
- Département PharmacieInstitut Claudius Regaud, IUCT‐O Toulouse France
| | - Etienne Chatelut
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, INSERMUMR1037Université de Toulouse Toulouse Cedex 1 France
- Faculté de PharmacieUniversité Paul Sabatier Toulouse France
| | - Cécile Arellano
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, INSERMUMR1037Université de Toulouse Toulouse Cedex 1 France
- Faculté de PharmacieUniversité Paul Sabatier Toulouse France
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Lin Q, Xie S, Qiu X, Chen J, Xu RA. Drug-drug interaction study of imatinib and voriconazole in vitro and in vivo. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:1021-1027. [PMID: 31118708 PMCID: PMC6502443 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s199526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In clinical practice, common problem polypharmacy could result in the increased risks of drug-drug interactions (DDIs). Co-administered imatinib (IMA) and voriconazole (VOR) as one treatment protocol in cancer patients with fungal infections are common.Purpose: The aim of the present study was to assess the potential DDIs associated with the concurrent use of IMA and VOR in rat liver microsomes (RLMs) and in rats.Methods and results: The concentration levels of IMA, VOR, and their metabolites N-desmethyl IMA (CGP74588) and N-oxide voriconazole (N-oxide VOR) were determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In vitro study of RLMs, VOR inhibited the IMA metabolism with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 105.20 μM, while IC50 for IMA against VOR was 61.30 μM. After co-administered IMA and VOR in rats, the C max of IMA was increased significantly, while the AUC0→t, AUC0→∞, and C max of CGP74588 were decreased significantly. In addition, similar results were also found that the main pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC0→t, AUC0→∞, MRT0→∞, T max, and C max) of VOR were increased significantly, while the AUC0→t, AUC0→∞, and C max of N-oxide VOR were decreased significantly. Incorporation of all the results indicated that both drugs had a inhibitory effect on each other's metabolism in vitro and in vivo.Conclusion: Thus, it is of great value to monitor the concomitant use of IMA and VOR in the clinic to reduce the risks of unexpected clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianmeng Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, People's Republic of China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Saili Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangjun Qiu
- Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-Ai Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, People's Republic of China
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Pirali T, Serafini M, Cargnin S, Genazzani AA. Applications of Deuterium in Medicinal Chemistry. J Med Chem 2019; 62:5276-5297. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tracey Pirali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Marta Serafini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Sarah Cargnin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Armando A. Genazzani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
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Xu RA, Lin Q, Qiu X, Chen J, Shao Y, Hu G, Lin G. UPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of imatinib, voriconazole and their metabolites concentrations in rat plasma. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 166:6-12. [PMID: 30594035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a simple ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method used to measure the plasma concentrations of imatinib, voriconazole and their metabolites (N-desmethyl imatinib and N-oxide voriconazole) in rats simultaneously making use of diazepam as the internal standard (IS) had been developed and validated. A simple protein precipitation by acetonitrile was employed for the sample preparation, then the analytes (imatinib, voriconazole and their metabolites) were eluted on an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) using the mobile phase that made up by acetonitrile (A) and 0.1% formic acid in water (B). In positive ion mode, four analytes and IS were monitored by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) as the following mass transition pairs: m/z 494.3→394.2 for imatinib, m/z 480.3→394.2 for N-desmethyl imatinib, m/z 350.1→281.1 for voriconazole, m/z 366.1→224.1 for N-oxide voriconazole, and m/z 285.0→154.0 for IS. This method exhibited a good linearity for each analyte. Inter-day and intra-day precision were determined with values of 0.3-14.8% and 2.6-14.8%, respectively; the accuracy values were from -12.5% to 10.2%. Finally, data of matrix effect, extraction recovery, and stability were all conformed to the bioanalytical method validation of acceptance criteria of FDA recommendations. This method is an efficient tool for simultaneous determination of the four analytes and has been successfully applied for pharmacokinetic study in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Ai Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Qianmeng Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Xiangjun Qiu
- Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, 471003, Luoyang, PR China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Shao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Guoxin Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, PR China.
| | - Guanyang Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, PR China.
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16
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Sun H, Piotrowski DW, Orr STM, Warmus JS, Wolford AC, Coffey SB, Futatsugi K, Zhang Y, Vaz ADN. Deuterium isotope effects in drug pharmacokinetics II: Substrate-dependence of the reaction mechanism influences outcome for cytochrome P450 cleared drugs. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206279. [PMID: 30427871 PMCID: PMC6235261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Two chemotypes were examined in vitro with CYPs 3A4 and 2C19 by molecular docking, metabolic profiles, and intrinsic clearance deuterium isotope effects with specifically deuterated form to assess the potential for enhancement of pharmacokinetic parameters. The results show the complexity of deuteration as an approach for pharmacokinetic enhancement when CYP enzymes are involved in metabolic clearance. With CYP3A4 the rate limiting step was chemotype-dependent. With one chemotype no intrinsic clearance deuterium isotope effect was observed with any deuterated form, whereas with the other chemotype the rate limiting step was isotopically sensitive, and the magnitude of the intrinsic clearance isotope effect was dependent on the position(s) and extent of deuteration. Molecular docking and metabolic profiles aided in identifying sites for deuteration and predicted the possibility for metabolic switching. However, the potential for an isotope effect on the intrinsic clearance cannot be predicted and must be established by examining select deuterated versions of the chemotypes. The results show how in a deuteration strategy molecular docking, in-vitro metabolic profiles, and intrinsic clearance assessments with select deuterated versions of new chemical entities can be applied to determine the potential for pharmacokinetic enhancement in a discovery setting. They also help explain the substantial failures reported in the literature of deuterated versions of drugs to elicit a systemic enhancement on pharmacokinetic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DWP); (HS); (ADNV)
| | - David W. Piotrowski
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DWP); (HS); (ADNV)
| | - Suvi T. M. Orr
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Joseph S. Warmus
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Angela C. Wolford
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Steven B. Coffey
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Kentaro Futatsugi
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Yinsheng Zhang
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Alfin D. N. Vaz
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DWP); (HS); (ADNV)
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Yin Q, Chen Y, Zhou M, Jiang X, Wu J, Sun Y. Synthesis and photophysical properties of deuteration of pirfenidone. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 204:88-98. [PMID: 29908414 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In order to improve the metabolism of pirfenidone (5-methyl-1-phenylpyridin-2-one, PFD), the methyl-deuterated version of pirfenidone via the substitution of hydrogen (H) at C-5 by its isotope deuterium (D, 5D-PFD) was synthesized and its photophysical properties were investigated. The negative solvatochrom was observed in absorption and fluorescence spectra with increasing solvent polarity, which implied that intermolecular charge transfer (ICT) involved n → π* transition for both of PFD and 5D-PFD. The ground state and excited state dipole moment was calculated as 5.30 D and 3.30 D for PFD, and 3.70 D and 2.18 D for 5D-PFD, respectively, which suggested the more polar nature of PFD in the ground state than that of excited state compared with 5D-PFD. Density functional theory (DFT) results demonstrated a significant propensity of ICT from the electron-donor, methyl and carbonyl group to the amine group as an electron donor. The binding of metal ions with PFD or 5D-PFD induced a red-shift of π → π* transition and blue-shift of n → π* transition, respectively, indicating that the pyridone ring showed more stability upon binding of unoccupied orbital of metal ions with lone-pair electron of oxygen atom and thus prompted the electronic distribution on phenyl unit. Upon addition of metal ions, the aromatic region presented the characteristic upfield shifts, and the resonance contributed by 3-H showed a significant downfield chemical shift/deshielding effect, indicating the deduced resonance of 3-H and the improved electron distribution of phenyl unit. The binding and docking of human serum albumin showed that the affinity of 5D-PFD with HSA was lower than that of PFD, and also 5D-PFD might prefer to present free forms in the blood with better efficacy comparing with PFD. The pharmacokinetic of half-time (T1/2) for oral and i.v. administration of 5D-PFD was found around 19 and 30 min, higher than that of i.v. administration of PFD, 8.6 min, reported by Giri et al. The results of this work suggest that the deuteration enhances the metabolism of PFD significantly with little change of physical-chemical property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuju Yin
- School of Food Science and Technology·School of Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts and Science, No. 296 Longzhong Road, Xiangyang, Hubei 441053, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- School of Food Science and Technology·School of Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts and Science, No. 296 Longzhong Road, Xiangyang, Hubei 441053, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- School of Food Science and Technology·School of Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts and Science, No. 296 Longzhong Road, Xiangyang, Hubei 441053, China
| | - Xiangsheng Jiang
- School of Food Science and Technology·School of Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts and Science, No. 296 Longzhong Road, Xiangyang, Hubei 441053, China
| | - Junjun Wu
- School of Food Science and Technology·School of Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts and Science, No. 296 Longzhong Road, Xiangyang, Hubei 441053, China
| | - Yang Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology·School of Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts and Science, No. 296 Longzhong Road, Xiangyang, Hubei 441053, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Design, synthesis and 3D QSAR based pharmacophore study of novel imatinib analogs as antitumor-apoptotic agents. Future Med Chem 2018; 10:1421-1433. [PMID: 29788766 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Imatinib possesses various mechanisms for combating cancer, making the development of imatinib analogs an attractive target for cancer research. METHOD Two series of analogs were designed and synthesized, maintaining the essential pharmacophoric features in imatinib structure. The synthesized compounds were subjected to cell-based antiproliferative assays against nonsmall lung (A549) and colon cancer cell lines. In addition, flow cytometry cell cycle and caspase-3 colorimetric assays were performed. RESULTS Most compounds showed potent anticancer activity against both cell lines with IC50 = 0.14-5.07 μM. Three compounds demonstrated ability to reinforce cell cycle arrest at G1 stage in a manner similar to imatinib. In addition, they induced apoptosis via activation of caspase-3.
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Atzrodt J, Derdau V, Kerr WJ, Reid M. Deuterium- und tritiummarkierte Verbindungen: Anwendungen in den modernen Biowissenschaften. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Atzrodt
- Isotope Chemistry and Metabolite Synthesis, Integrated Drug Discovery, Medicinal Chemistry; Industriepark Höchst, G876 65926 Frankfurt Deutschland
| | - Volker Derdau
- Isotope Chemistry and Metabolite Synthesis, Integrated Drug Discovery, Medicinal Chemistry; Industriepark Höchst, G876 65926 Frankfurt Deutschland
| | - William J. Kerr
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, WestCHEM; University of Strathclyde; 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow Scotland G1 1XL Großbritannien
| | - Marc Reid
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, WestCHEM; University of Strathclyde; 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow Scotland G1 1XL Großbritannien
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Atzrodt J, Derdau V, Kerr WJ, Reid M. Deuterium- and Tritium-Labelled Compounds: Applications in the Life Sciences. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:1758-1784. [PMID: 28815899 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen isotopes are unique tools for identifying and understanding biological and chemical processes. Hydrogen isotope labelling allows for the traceless and direct incorporation of an additional mass or radioactive tag into an organic molecule with almost no changes in its chemical structure, physical properties, or biological activity. Using deuterium-labelled isotopologues to study the unique mass-spectrometric patterns generated from mixtures of biologically relevant molecules drastically simplifies analysis. Such methods are now providing unprecedented levels of insight in a wide and continuously growing range of applications in the life sciences and beyond. Tritium (3 H), in particular, has seen an increase in utilization, especially in pharmaceutical drug discovery. The efforts and costs associated with the synthesis of labelled compounds are more than compensated for by the enhanced molecular sensitivity during analysis and the high reliability of the data obtained. In this Review, advances in the application of hydrogen isotopes in the life sciences are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Atzrodt
- Isotope Chemistry and Metabolite Synthesis, Integrated Drug Discovery, Medicinal Chemistry, Industriepark Höchst, G876, 65926, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Volker Derdau
- Isotope Chemistry and Metabolite Synthesis, Integrated Drug Discovery, Medicinal Chemistry, Industriepark Höchst, G876, 65926, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - William J Kerr
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, WestCHEM, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, Scotland, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Marc Reid
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, WestCHEM, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, Scotland, G1 1XL, UK
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Zhuang W, Qiu HB, Chen XM, Yuan XH, Yang LF, Sun XW, Zhou XJ, Huang M, Wang XD, Zhou ZW. Simultaneous quantification of imatinib and its main metabolite N-demethyl-imatinib in human plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and its application to therapeutic drug monitoring in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Biomed Chromatogr 2017. [PMID: 28621487 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to improve and validate a more stable and less time-consuming method based on liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC- MS/MS) for the quantitative measurement of imatinib and its metabolite N-demethyl-imatinib (NDI) in human plasma. Separation of analytes was performed on a Waters XTerra RP18 column (50 × 2.1 mm i.d., 3.5 μm) with a mobile phase consisting of methanol-acetonitrile-water (65:20:15, v/v/v) with 0.05% formic acid at a flow-rate of 0.2 mL/min. The Quattro MicroTM triple quadruple mass spectrometer was operated in the multiple-reaction-monitoring mode via positive electrospray ionization interface using the transitions m/z 494.0 → 394.0 for imatinib, m/z 479.6 → 394.0 for NDI and m/z 488.2 → 394.0 for IS. The method was linear over 0.01-10 μg/mL for imatinib and NDI. The intra- and inter-day precisions were all <15% in terms of relative standard deviation, and the accuracy was within ±15% in terms of relative error for both imatinib and NDI. The lower limit of quantification was identifiable and reproducible at 10 ng/mL. The method was sensitive, specific and less time-consuming and it was successfully applied in gastrointestinal stromal tumor patients treated with imatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhuang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Bo Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Gastric and Pancreatic Surgery, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Meng Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese university of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Xiu-Hong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Gastric and Pancreatic Surgery, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Fang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Gastric and Pancreatic Surgery, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Wei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Gastric and Pancreatic Surgery, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jun Zhou
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Huang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Ding Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Gastric and Pancreatic Surgery, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Hrynchak I, Sousa E, Pinto M, Costa VM. The importance of drug metabolites synthesis: the case-study of cardiotoxic anticancer drugs. Drug Metab Rev 2017; 49:158-196. [DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2017.1316285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivanna Hrynchak
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Emília Sousa
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CIIMAR – Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Madalena Pinto
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CIIMAR – Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Vera Marisa Costa
- Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, UCIBIO, REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Blanz J, Williams G, Dayer J, Délémonté T, Gertsch W, Ramstein P, Aichholz R, Trunzer M, Pearson D. Evaluation of relative MS response factors of drug metabolites for semi-quantitative assessment of chemical liabilities in drug discovery. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2017; 52:210-217. [PMID: 28152561 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Drug metabolism studies are performed in drug discovery to identify metabolic soft spots, detect potentially toxic or reactive metabolites and provide an early insight into potential species differences. The relative peak area approach is often used to semi-quantitatively estimate the abundance of metabolites. Differences in the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry responses result in an underestimation or overestimation of the metabolite and misinterpretation of results. The relative MS response factors (RF) of 132 structurally diverse drug candidates and their 233 corresponding metabolites were evaluated using a capillary-liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry system. All of the synthesized metabolites discussed here were previously identified as key biotransformation products in discovery investigations or predicted to be formed. The most commonly occurring biotransformation mechanisms such as oxygenation, dealkylation and amide cleavage are represented within this dataset. However, relatively few phase II metabolites were evaluated because of the limited availability of authentic standards. Approximately 85% of these metabolites had a relative RF in the range between 0.2 (fivefold under-prediction) and 2.0 (twofold over-prediction), and the median MS RF was 0.6. Exceptions to this included very small metabolites that were hardly detectable. Additional experiments performed to understand the impact of the MS platform, flow rate and concentration suggested that these parameters do not have a significant impact on the RF of the compounds tested. This indicates that the use of relative peak areas to semi-quantitatively estimate the abundance of metabolites is justified in the drug discovery setting in order to guide medicinal chemistry efforts. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Blanz
- Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Postfach, Basel, CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Gareth Williams
- Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Postfach, Basel, CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Jerôme Dayer
- Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Postfach, Basel, CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Délémonté
- Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Postfach, Basel, CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Werner Gertsch
- Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Postfach, Basel, CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Ramstein
- Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Postfach, Basel, CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Reiner Aichholz
- Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Postfach, Basel, CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Markus Trunzer
- Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Postfach, Basel, CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - David Pearson
- DMPK, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Postfach, Basel, CH-4002, Switzerland
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Manley PW, Stiefl NJ. Progress in the Discovery of BCR-ABL Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Leukemia. TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2017_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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25
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Barratt DT, Cox HK, Menelaou A, Yeung DT, White DL, Hughes TP, Somogyi AA. CYP2C8 Genotype Significantly Alters Imatinib Metabolism in Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia Patients. Clin Pharmacokinet 2016; 56:977-985. [DOI: 10.1007/s40262-016-0494-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Jiang J, Pang X, Li L, Dai X, Diao X, Chen X, Zhong D, Wang Y, Chen Y. Effect of N-methyl deuteration on metabolism and pharmacokinetics of enzalutamide. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:2181-91. [PMID: 27462143 PMCID: PMC4939996 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s111352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background The replacement of hydrogen with deuterium invokes a kinetic isotope effect. Thus, this method is an attractive way to slow down the metabolic rate and modulate pharmacokinetics. Purpose Enzalutamide (ENT) acts as a competitive inhibitor of the androgen receptor and has been approved for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2012. To attenuate the N-demethylation pathway, hydrogen atoms of the N–CH3 moiety were replaced by the relatively stable isotope deuterium, which showed similar pharmacological activities but exhibited favorable pharmacokinetic properties. Methods We estimated in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters for ENT and its deuterated analog (d3-ENT). For in vitro studies, intrinsic primary isotope effects (KH/KD) were determined by the ratio of intrinsic clearance (CLint) obtained for ENT and d3-ENT. The CLint values were obtained by the substrate depletion method. For in vivo studies, ENT and d3-ENT were orally given to male Sprague Dawley rats separately and simultaneously to assess the disposition and metabolism of them. We also investigated the main metabolic pathway of ENT by comparing the rate of oxidation and hydrolysis in vitro. Results The in vitro CLint (maximum velocity/Michaelis constant [Vmax/Km]) of d3-ENT in rat and human liver microsomes were 49.7% and 72.9% lower than those of the non-deuterated compound, corresponding to the KH/KD value of ~2. The maximum observed plasma concentration, Cmax, and area under the plasma concentration -time curve from time zero to the last measurable sampling time point (AUC0–t) were 35% and 102% higher than those of ENT when orally administered to rats (10 mg/kg). The exposure of the N-demethyl metabolite M2 was eightfold lower, whereas that of the amide hydrolysis metabolite M1 and other minor metabolites was unchanged. The observed hydrolysis rate of M2 was at least ten times higher than that of ENT and d3-ENT in rat plasma. Conclusion ENT was mainly metabolized through the “parent→M2→M1” pathway based on in vitro and in vivo elimination behavior. The observed in vitro deuterium isotope effect translated into increased exposure of the deuterated analog in rats. Once the carbon–hydrogen was replaced with carbon–deuterium (C–D) bonds, the major metabolic pathway was retarded because of the relatively stable C–D bonds. The systemic exposure to d3-ENT can increase in humans, so the dose requirements can be reduced appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
| | - Xuehai Pang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
| | - Xiaojian Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
| | - Xingxing Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
| | - Dafang Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
| | - Yingwei Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Yuanwei Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hinova Pharmaceuticals Inc, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Hiruma-Shimizu K, Shimizu H, Thompson GS, Kalverda AP, Patching SG. Deuterated detergents for structural and functional studies of membrane proteins: Properties, chemical synthesis and applications. Mol Membr Biol 2016; 32:139-55. [DOI: 10.3109/09687688.2015.1125536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiroki Shimizu
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Hokkaido, Japan,
| | - Gary S. Thompson
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK,
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, and
| | - Arnout P. Kalverda
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK,
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, and
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Piperazine scaffold: A remarkable tool in generation of diverse pharmacological agents. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 102:487-529. [PMID: 26310894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Piperazine is one of the most sought heterocyclics for the development of new drug candidates. This ring can be traced in a number of well established, commercially available drugs. Wide array of pharmacological activities exhibited by piperazine derivatives have made them indispensable anchors for the development of novel therapeutic agents. The review herein highlights the therapeutic significance of piperazine derivatives. Various therapeutically active piperazine derivatives developed by several chemists are reported here.
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of deuterated Tivozanib for improving pharmacokinetic properties. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:2425-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.03.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Renard D, Bouillon T, Zhou P, Flesch G, Quinn D. Pharmacokinetic interactions among imatinib, bosentan and sildenafil, and their clinical implications in severe pulmonary arterial hypertension. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 80:75-85. [PMID: 25581063 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study characterized the population pharmacokinetics (PK) of imatinib in patients with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), investigated drug-drug interactions (DDI) among imatinib, sildenafil and bosentan, and evaluated their clinical implications. METHODS Plasma concentrations of imatinib, bosentan and sildenafil were collected in a phase III study and were used to characterize the PK of imatinib in this population. DDIs among the three drugs were quantified using a linear mixed model and log-transformed drug concentrations. RESULTS The population mean estimates of apparent clearance (CL/F) and volume (V/F) were 10.8 l h(-1) (95% CI 9.2, 12.4 l h(-1) ) and 267 l (95% CI 208, 326 l), respectively. It was estimated that sildenafil concentrations increased, on average, by 64% (95% CI 32%, 103%) and bosentan concentrations by 51% (95% CI 12%, 104%), in the presence of imatinib. Despite increased concentrations of co-medications, treatment differences between imatinib and placebo for change in 6 min walk distance and pulmonary vascular resistance were relatively constant across the entire concentration range for sildenafil and bosentan. Overall, higher concentrations of imatinib and bosentan were not associated with increasing liver enzymes (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminases [SGOT]/serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase [SGPT]). CONCLUSIONS Population PKs of imatinib in patients with severe PAH were found comparable with those of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Imatinib was found effective regardless of the co-medications and showed intrinsic efficacy beyond merely elevating the concentrations of the co-medications due to DDIs. There was no evidence of increased risk of liver toxicity upon co-administration with bosentan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ping Zhou
- Novartis Horsham Research Centre, Horsham, West Sussex, UK
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31
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Xu R, Zhan M, Peng L, Pang X, Yang J, Zhang T, Jiang H, Zhao L, Chen Y. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of deuterated nintedanib for improving pharmacokinetic properties. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2015; 58:308-12. [PMID: 26011584 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nintedanib is a novel triple angiokinase inhibitor that inhibits three growth factors simultaneously. Deuterated derivatives of nintedanib at certain metabolically active sites were prepared and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. In particular, deuterated compound SKLB-C2202 had significantly improved pharmacokinetic properties compared with nintedanib. These efforts lay the foundation for further investigating the druggability of SKLB-C2202.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Miao Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lingling Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xuehai Pang
- Hinova Pharmaceuticals Inc, Suite 801, Building C1, #88 South KeYuan Road, Chengdu Tianfu Life Science Park, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hongxia Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lifeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuanwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Hinova Pharmaceuticals Inc, Suite 801, Building C1, #88 South KeYuan Road, Chengdu Tianfu Life Science Park, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Zhan M, Xu R, Tian Y, Jiang H, Zhao L, Xie Y, Chen Y. A Simple and Cost-Effective Method for the Regioselective Deuteration of Phenols. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Finlay MRV, Anderton M, Ashton S, Ballard P, Bethel PA, Box MR, Bradbury RH, Brown SJ, Butterworth S, Campbell A, Chorley C, Colclough N, Cross DAE, Currie GS, Grist M, Hassall L, Hill GB, James D, James M, Kemmitt P, Klinowska T, Lamont G, Lamont SG, Martin N, McFarland HL, Mellor MJ, Orme JP, Perkins D, Perkins P, Richmond G, Smith P, Ward RA, Waring MJ, Whittaker D, Wells S, Wrigley GL. Discovery of a Potent and Selective EGFR Inhibitor (AZD9291) of Both Sensitizing and T790M Resistance Mutations That Spares the Wild Type Form of the Receptor. J Med Chem 2014; 57:8249-67. [DOI: 10.1021/jm500973a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 381] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Raymond V. Finlay
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, ‡Drug Safety and
Metabolism, §Global Medicines Development, and ∥Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mereside,
Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Mark Anderton
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, ‡Drug Safety and
Metabolism, §Global Medicines Development, and ∥Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mereside,
Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Susan Ashton
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, ‡Drug Safety and
Metabolism, §Global Medicines Development, and ∥Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mereside,
Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Peter Ballard
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, ‡Drug Safety and
Metabolism, §Global Medicines Development, and ∥Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mereside,
Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Paul A. Bethel
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, ‡Drug Safety and
Metabolism, §Global Medicines Development, and ∥Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mereside,
Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Matthew R. Box
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, ‡Drug Safety and
Metabolism, §Global Medicines Development, and ∥Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mereside,
Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Robert H. Bradbury
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, ‡Drug Safety and
Metabolism, §Global Medicines Development, and ∥Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mereside,
Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Simon J. Brown
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, ‡Drug Safety and
Metabolism, §Global Medicines Development, and ∥Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mereside,
Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Sam Butterworth
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, ‡Drug Safety and
Metabolism, §Global Medicines Development, and ∥Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mereside,
Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Andrew Campbell
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, ‡Drug Safety and
Metabolism, §Global Medicines Development, and ∥Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mereside,
Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Christopher Chorley
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, ‡Drug Safety and
Metabolism, §Global Medicines Development, and ∥Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mereside,
Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Nicola Colclough
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, ‡Drug Safety and
Metabolism, §Global Medicines Development, and ∥Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mereside,
Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Darren A. E. Cross
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, ‡Drug Safety and
Metabolism, §Global Medicines Development, and ∥Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mereside,
Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Gordon S. Currie
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, ‡Drug Safety and
Metabolism, §Global Medicines Development, and ∥Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mereside,
Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Matthew Grist
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, ‡Drug Safety and
Metabolism, §Global Medicines Development, and ∥Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mereside,
Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Lorraine Hassall
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, ‡Drug Safety and
Metabolism, §Global Medicines Development, and ∥Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mereside,
Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - George B. Hill
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, ‡Drug Safety and
Metabolism, §Global Medicines Development, and ∥Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mereside,
Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Daniel James
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, ‡Drug Safety and
Metabolism, §Global Medicines Development, and ∥Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mereside,
Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Michael James
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, ‡Drug Safety and
Metabolism, §Global Medicines Development, and ∥Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mereside,
Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Paul Kemmitt
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, ‡Drug Safety and
Metabolism, §Global Medicines Development, and ∥Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mereside,
Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Teresa Klinowska
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, ‡Drug Safety and
Metabolism, §Global Medicines Development, and ∥Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mereside,
Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Gillian Lamont
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, ‡Drug Safety and
Metabolism, §Global Medicines Development, and ∥Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mereside,
Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Scott G. Lamont
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, ‡Drug Safety and
Metabolism, §Global Medicines Development, and ∥Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mereside,
Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Nathaniel Martin
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, ‡Drug Safety and
Metabolism, §Global Medicines Development, and ∥Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mereside,
Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Heather L. McFarland
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, ‡Drug Safety and
Metabolism, §Global Medicines Development, and ∥Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mereside,
Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Martine J. Mellor
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, ‡Drug Safety and
Metabolism, §Global Medicines Development, and ∥Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mereside,
Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Jonathon P. Orme
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, ‡Drug Safety and
Metabolism, §Global Medicines Development, and ∥Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mereside,
Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - David Perkins
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, ‡Drug Safety and
Metabolism, §Global Medicines Development, and ∥Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mereside,
Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Paula Perkins
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, ‡Drug Safety and
Metabolism, §Global Medicines Development, and ∥Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mereside,
Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Graham Richmond
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, ‡Drug Safety and
Metabolism, §Global Medicines Development, and ∥Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mereside,
Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Peter Smith
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, ‡Drug Safety and
Metabolism, §Global Medicines Development, and ∥Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mereside,
Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Richard A. Ward
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, ‡Drug Safety and
Metabolism, §Global Medicines Development, and ∥Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mereside,
Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Michael J. Waring
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, ‡Drug Safety and
Metabolism, §Global Medicines Development, and ∥Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mereside,
Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - David Whittaker
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, ‡Drug Safety and
Metabolism, §Global Medicines Development, and ∥Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mereside,
Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Stuart Wells
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, ‡Drug Safety and
Metabolism, §Global Medicines Development, and ∥Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mereside,
Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Gail L. Wrigley
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, ‡Drug Safety and
Metabolism, §Global Medicines Development, and ∥Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mereside,
Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
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Zhan M, Jiang H, Pang X, Zhang T, Xu R, Zhao L, Liu Y, Gong Y, Chen Y. A convenient method for the Ru(0)-catalyzed regioselective deuteration of N-alkyl-substituted anilines. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Deuterated versions of existing drugs can exhibit improved pharmacokinetic or toxicological properties due the stronger deuterium- carbon bond modifying their metabolism. There is great interest in the current state of development of this approach. AREAS COVERED This review covers recent US patent applications and prosecutions in this area that are based on beneficial modifications in metabolism of deuterated versions of existing drugs. The current state of 35 U.S.C. §103 'obviousness' rejections are emphasized, as is the development of strategies to overcome such rejections. Current trials and market considerations are also discussed. EXPERT OPINION Deuterated drugs collectively are worth at least US$1 billion. It would seem that the likelihood of obviousness rejections is increasing in this area. However, careful elucidation of metabolic outcomes from deuteration that would not be anticipated from the prior art, and are instead unexpected and unobvious, has enabled allowance. Showing that drug deuteration alters pharmacokinetics by mechanisms not currently part of the prior art surrounding deuterated drugs has also been successful. Development of these and other strategies, combined with developing the extensive base of issued patents will enable the field to remain commercially attractive for some time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham S Timmins
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Albuquerque, NM 87131 , USA +1 505 272 4103 ; +1 505 272 6749 ;
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Mesaros EF, Ott GR, Dorsey BD. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitors as anticancer therapeutics: a patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2014; 24:417-42. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2014.877890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Meanwell NA. The Influence of Bioisosteres in Drug Design: Tactical Applications to Address Developability Problems. TACTICS IN CONTEMPORARY DRUG DESIGN 2014; 9. [PMCID: PMC7416817 DOI: 10.1007/7355_2013_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The application of bioisosteres in drug discovery is a well-established design concept that has demonstrated utility as an approach to solving a range of problems that affect candidate optimization, progression, and durability. In this chapter, the application of isosteric substitution is explored in a fashion that focuses on the development of practical solutions to problems that are encountered in typical optimization campaigns. The role of bioisosteres to affect intrinsic potency and selectivity, influence conformation, solve problems associated with drug developability, including P-glycoprotein recognition, modulating basicity, solubility, and lipophilicity, and to address issues associated with metabolism and toxicity is used as the underlying theme to capture a spectrum of creative applications of structural emulation in the design of drug candidates.
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Nies AT, Schaeffeler E, van der Kuip H, Cascorbi I, Bruhn O, Kneba M, Pott C, Hofmann U, Volk C, Hu S, Baker SD, Sparreboom A, Ruth P, Koepsell H, Schwab M. Cellular uptake of imatinib into leukemic cells is independent of human organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1). Clin Cancer Res 2013; 20:985-94. [PMID: 24352644 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In addition to mutated BCR-ABL1 kinase, the organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1, encoded by SLC22A1) has been considered to contribute to imatinib resistance in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). As data are conflicting as to whether OCT1 transports imatinib and may serve as a clinical biomarker, we used a combination of different approaches including animal experiments to elucidate comprehensively the impact of OCT1 on cellular imatinib uptake. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Transport of imatinib was studied using OCT1-expressing Xenopus oocytes, mammalian cell lines (HEK293, MDCK, V79) stably expressing OCT1, human leukemic cells, and Oct1-knockout mice. OCT1 mRNA and protein expression were analyzed in leukemic cells from patients with imatinib-naïve CML as well as in cell lines. RESULTS Transport and inhibition studies showed that overexpression of functional OCT1 protein in Xenopus oocytes or mammalian cell lines did not lead to an increased cellular accumulation of imatinib. The CML cell lines (K562, Meg-01, LAMA84) and leukemic cells from patients expressed neither OCT1 mRNA nor protein as demonstrated by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence microscopy, yet they showed a considerable imatinib uptake. Oct1 deficiency in mice had no influence on plasma and hepatic imatinib concentrations. CONCLUSIONS These data clearly demonstrate that cellular uptake of imatinib is independent of OCT1, and therefore OCT1 is apparently not a valid biomarker for imatinib resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne T Nies
- Authors' Affiliations: Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen; Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, University of Tübingen; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen; Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Second Medical Department, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel; Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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