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Almehizia AA, Aboulthana WM, Naglah AM, Hassan AS. In vitro biological studies and computational prediction-based analyses of pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine derivatives. RSC Adv 2024; 14:8397-8408. [PMID: 38476172 PMCID: PMC10928850 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00423j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a need for new pharmaceutical discoveries from bioactive nitrogenous derivatives due to the emergence of scourges, numerous pandemics, and diverse health problems. In this context, pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives 12a and 12b were synthesized and screened to evaluate their biological potentials in vitro as antioxidants, anti-diabetics, anti-Alzheimer's, anti-arthritics, and anti-cancer agents. Additionally, the computational pharmacokinetic and toxicity properties of the two pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines 12a and 12b were calculated and analyzed. The preliminary studies and results of this work represent the initial steps toward more advanced studies and define the bioactive chemical structure of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives with the goal of exploring new drugs to address numerous health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman A Almehizia
- Drug Exploration & Development Chair (DEDC), Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael M Aboulthana
- Biochemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre Dokki 12662 Cairo Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Naglah
- Drug Exploration & Development Chair (DEDC), Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf S Hassan
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre Dokki 12622 Cairo Egypt
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2
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Abimbola Salubi C, Abbo HS, Jahed N, Titinchi S. Medicinal chemistry perspectives on the development of piperazine-containing HIV-1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 99:117605. [PMID: 38246116 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), one of the most perilous diseases known to humankind. A 2023 estimate put the number of people living with HIV around 40 million worldwide, with the majority benefiting from various antiretroviral therapies. Consequently, the urgent need for the development of effective drugs to combat this virus cannot be overstated. In the realm of medicinal and organic chemistry, the synthesis and identification of novel compounds capable of inhibiting HIV enzymes at different stages of their life cycle are of paramount importance. Notably, the spotlight is on the progress made in enhancing the potency of HIV inhibitors through the use of piperazine-based compounds. Multiple studies have revealed that the incorporation of a piperazine moiety results in a noteworthy enhancement of anti-HIV activity. The piperazine ring assumes a pivotal role in shaping the pharmacophore responsible for inhibiting HIV-1 at critical stage, including attachment, reverse transcription, integration, and protease activity. This review also sheds light on the various opportunities that can be exploited to develop effective antiretroviral targets and eliminate latent HIV reservoirs. The advancement of highly potent analogues in HIV inhibitor research has been greatly facilitated by contemporary medicinal strategies, including molecular/fragment hybridization, structure-based drug design, and bioisosterism. These techniques have opened up new avenues for the development of compounds with enhanced efficacy in combating the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana Abimbola Salubi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hanna S Abbo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nazeeen Jahed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Salam Titinchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa.
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3
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Srivastava R, Gupta SK, Naaz F, Sen Gupta PS, Yadav M, Singh VK, Panda SK, Biswal S, Rana MK, Gupta SK, Schols D, Singh RK. Exploring antiviral potency of N-1 substituted pyrimidines against HIV-1 and other DNA/RNA viruses: Design, synthesis, characterization, ADMET analysis, docking, molecular dynamics and biological activity. Comput Biol Chem 2023; 106:107910. [PMID: 37422940 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2023.107910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of pyrimidine derivatives, bearing modified benzimidazoles at N-1 position, has been designed, synthesized and screened as NNRTIs against HIV and as broad-spectrum antiviral agents. The molecules were screened against different HIV targets using molecular docking experiment. The docking results indicated that the molecules interacted well with the residues Lys101, Tyr181, Tyr188, Trp229, Phe227 and Tyr318 present in NNIBP of HIV-RT protein, formed quite stable complexes and, thus, behaved as probable NNRTIs. Among these compounds, 2b and 4b showed anti-HIV activity with IC50 values as 6.65 µg/mL (SI = 15.50) and 15.82 µg/mL (SI = 14.26), respectively. Similarly, compound 1a showed inhibitory property against coxsackie virus B4 and compound 3b against different viruses. Molecular dynamics simulation results unequivocally demonstrated the higher stability of the complex HIV-RT:2b than the HIV-RT:nevirapine complex. The MM/PBSA-based binding free energy (-) 114.92 kJ/mol of HIV-RT:2b complex in comparison to that of HIV-RT:nevirapine complex (-) 88.33 kJ/mol, further demonstrated the higher binding strength of 2b and thus, established the potential of compound 2b as a lead molecule as an HIV-RT inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Srivastava
- Bioorganic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India; Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Berhampur, Odisha 760010, India
| | - Sunil K Gupta
- Bioorganic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India
| | - Farha Naaz
- Bioorganic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India
| | - Parth Sarthi Sen Gupta
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, D Y Patil International University, Akurdi, Pune, India
| | - Madhu Yadav
- Bioorganic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India
| | - Vishal Kumar Singh
- Bioorganic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India
| | - Saroj Kumar Panda
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Berhampur, Odisha 760010, India
| | - Satyaranjan Biswal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Berhampur, Odisha 760010, India
| | - Malay Kumar Rana
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Berhampur, Odisha 760010, India
| | | | | | - Ramendra K Singh
- Bioorganic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India.
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4
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Vahedi MM, Asghari S, Tajbakhsh M, Mohseni M. Preparation of Some New Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant, Antibacterial (MIC and ZOI) Activities, and Cytotoxic Effect on MCF-7 Cell Lines. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202301146. [PMID: 37691011 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to synthesize some novel pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives, and investigate their biological activities. These compounds exhibited good to high antioxidant activities [2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capabilities]. Among them, Ethyl 5-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-7-hydroxy-2-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylate (3h) showed the highest antioxidant activity [Half-maximal Inhibitory Concentration (IC50 )=15.34 μM] compared to ascorbic acid (IC50 =13.53 μM) as a standard compound. Their antibacterial activities were investigated against two Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus) and two Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli). The results showed that Ethyl 7-hydroxy-5-phenylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylate (3i) has the best antibacterial activity against Gram-positive B. subtilis [Zone of Inhibition (ZOI)=23.0±1.4 mm, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)=312 μM]. Also, the cytotoxicity of these compounds was assessed against breast cancer cell lines [human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7)], which 7-Hydroxy-2-methyl-5-phenylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carbonitrile (3f) displayed the most cytotoxicity (IC50 =55.97 μg/mL), in contrast with Lapatinib (IC50 =79.38 μg/mL) as a known drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi Vahedi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, 47416-95447, Iran
| | - Sakineh Asghari
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, 47416-95447, Iran
| | - Mahmood Tajbakhsh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, 47416-95447, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Mohseni
- Department of Microbiology, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, 47416-95447, Iran
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5
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Sikdar P, Choudhuri T, Paul S, Das S, Bagdi AK. K 2S 2O 8-Promoted Consecutive Tandem Cyclization/Oxidative Halogenation: Access to 3-Halo-Pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:23851-23859. [PMID: 37426282 PMCID: PMC10323951 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
A one-pot methodology has been developed to synthesize 3-halo-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives through the three-component reaction of amino pyrazoles, enaminones (or chalcone), and sodium halides. The use of easily accessible 1,3-biselectrophilic reagents like enaminones and chalcone offers a straightforward approach for the synthesis of 3-halo-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines. The reaction proceeded through a cyclocondensation reaction between amino pyrazoles with enaminones/chalcone in the presence of K2S2O8 followed by oxidative halogenations by NaX-K2S2O8. Mild and environmentally benign reaction conditions, wide functional group tolerance, and scalability of the reaction are the attractive facet of this protocol. The combination of NaX-K2S2O8 is also beneficial for the direct oxidative halogenations of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines in water.
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6
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Kong Y, Liu S, Wang S, Yang B, He W, Li H, Yang S, Wang G, Dong C. Design, synthesis and anticancer activities evaluation of novel pyrazole modified catalpol derivatives. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7756. [PMID: 37173367 PMCID: PMC10182059 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33403-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Catalpol, a natural product mainly existed in plenty of Chinese traditional medicines, is an iridoid compound with the comprehensive effects on neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, choleretic, hypoglycemic and anticancer. However, there are some disadvantages for catalpol such as a short half-life in vivo, low druggability, stingy binding efficiency to target proteins and so on. It is necessary to make structural modification and optimization which enhance its performance on disease treatments and clinic applications. Pyrazole compounds have been reported to have excellent anticancer activities. Based on the previous research foundation of our research group on iridoids and the anticancer activities of catalpol and pyrazole, a series of pyrazole modified catalpol compounds were synthesized by principle of drug combination for serving as potential cancer inhibitors. These derivatives are characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS. The efficacy of anti-esophageal cancer and anti-pancreatic cancer activities were evaluated by the MTT assay on two esophageal cancer cells Eca-109 and EC-9706, and two pancreatic cancer cells PANC-1, BxPC-3 and normal pancreatic cell line HPDE6-C7, which showed that the compound 3e had strong inhibitory activity against esophageal cancer cells, this providing a theoretical basis for the discovery of catalpol-containing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfang Kong
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Shuanglin Liu
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
- Henan Polysaccharide Research Center, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Polysaccharides and Drugs Research, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Shaopei Wang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
- Henan Polysaccharide Research Center, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Polysaccharides and Drugs Research, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Wei He
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Hehe Li
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Siqi Yang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, ZhengzhouHenan, 450001, China.
| | - Chunhong Dong
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China.
- Henan Polysaccharide Research Center, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Polysaccharides and Drugs Research, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China.
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Danagulyan GG, Panosyan HA, Gharibyan VK, Hasratyan AH. A Simple and Easily Implemented Method for the Regioselective Introduction of Deuterium into Azolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines Molecules. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062869. [PMID: 36985841 PMCID: PMC10054722 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A method for the technically easy-to-implement synthesis of deuterium-labeled pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines and 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines have been developed. The regioselectivity of such transformations has been shown. 1H NMR and mass spectrometric methods have proved the quantitative nature of such transformations and the kinetics of deuterium exchange has been studied. Spectrally, at different temperatures (+30 °C, -10 °C and -15 °C), the kinetics of the process was studied both in CD3OD and in deuterated alkali.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gevorg G Danagulyan
- Laboratory of Bioactive Azaheterocycles, Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Russian-Armenian University, Hovsep Emin Str. 123, Yerevan 0051, Armenia
- Scientific and Technological Center of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Azatutyan Ave. 26, Yerevan 0014, Armenia
| | - Henrik A Panosyan
- Scientific and Technological Center of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Azatutyan Ave. 26, Yerevan 0014, Armenia
| | - Vache K Gharibyan
- Laboratory of Bioactive Azaheterocycles, Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Russian-Armenian University, Hovsep Emin Str. 123, Yerevan 0051, Armenia
| | - Ani H Hasratyan
- Laboratory of Bioactive Azaheterocycles, Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Russian-Armenian University, Hovsep Emin Str. 123, Yerevan 0051, Armenia
- Scientific and Technological Center of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Azatutyan Ave. 26, Yerevan 0014, Armenia
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Ghosh T, Bhakta S. Advancements in Gold-Catalyzed Cascade Reactions to Access Carbocycles and Heterocycles: An Overview. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202200225. [PMID: 36543388 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes recent developments (from 2006 to 2022) in numerous important and efficient carbo- and heterocycle generations using gold-catalyzed cascade protocols. Herein, methodologies involve selectivity, cost-effectiveness, and ease of product formation being controlled by the ligand as well as the counter anion, catalyst, substrate, and reaction conditions. Gold-catalyzed cascade reactions covered different strategies through the compilation of various approaches such as cyclization, hydroarylation, intermolecular and intramolecular cascade reactions, etc. This entitled reaction is also useful for the synthesis of spiro, fused, bridged carbo- and heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032, West Bengal, India.,Department of Applied Chemistry, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal, Haringhata-741249, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - S Bhakta
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal, Haringhata-741249, Nadia, West Bengal, India
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Hammouda MM, Gaffer HE, Elattar KM. Insights into the medicinal chemistry of heterocycles integrated with a pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine scaffold. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:1150-1196. [PMID: 36325400 PMCID: PMC9580358 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00192f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines are the dominant motif of many drugs; for instance, zaleplon and indiplon are sedative agents and ocinaplon was identified as an anxiolytic agent. The importance of this class of compounds lies in its varied and significant biological activities, and accordingly, considerable methods have been devised to prepare these compounds. Hence, other derivatives of this class of compounds were prepared by substitution reactions with different nucleophiles exploiting the activity of groups linked to the ring carbon and nitrogen atoms. The methods used vary through the condensation reactions of the aminopyrazoles with 1,2-allenic, enaminonitriles, enaminones, 1,3-diketones, unsaturated nitriles, or unsaturated ketones. Alternatively, these compounds are prepared through the reactions of acyclic reagents, as these methods were recently developed efficiently with high yields. The current review highlighted the recent progress of the therapeutic potential of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines as antimicrobial, anticancer, antianxiety, anti-proliferative, analgesic, and antioxidant agents, carboxylesterase, translocator protein and PDE10A inhibitors, and selective kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Hammouda
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Al-Kharj 11942 Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University El-Gomhoria Street Mansoura 35516 Egypt
| | - Hatem E Gaffer
- Dyeing and Printing Department, Textile Research Division, National Research Center Dokki Cairo 12622 Egypt
| | - Khaled M Elattar
- Unit of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University El-Gomhoria Street Mansoura 35516 Egypt +201010655354
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Kumar A, Wahan SK, Virendra SA, Chawla PA. Recent Advances on the Role of Nitrogen‐Based Heterocyclic Scaffolds in Targeting HIV through Reverse Transcriptase Inhibition. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry ISF College of Pharmacy GT Road Ghal Kalan Moga 142001 India
| | - Simranpreet K. Wahan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry ISF College of Pharmacy GT Road Ghal Kalan Moga 142001 India
| | - Sharma Arvind Virendra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry ISF College of Pharmacy GT Road Ghal Kalan Moga 142001 India
| | - Pooja A. Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry ISF College of Pharmacy GT Road Ghal Kalan Moga 142001 India
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Dorababu A. Pyrazolopyrimidines as attractive pharmacophores in efficient drug design: A recent update. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200154. [PMID: 35698212 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Among the menacing diseases, cancer needs the most attention as millions of people are affected by it worldwide. Genetic and environmental factors play a pivotal role in causing cancer. Although a wide range of underlying mechanisms of cancer has been discovered, efficient treatments have not been discovered to date. Additionally, diseases caused by microbes such as viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and so forth, persistently result in several deaths. Also, inflammation is a major factor that leads to several health issues. For decades, drug design has become a major part of drug discovery and development for curing various diseases. Among the large number of pharmacological agents that have been synthesized, only very few have emerged as efficient drug molecules. Most of them are heterocyclic compounds, which are promising candidates for the design of efficient drug molecules. Furthermore, fused heterocycles showed comparatively stronger pharmacological activities than monocyclic heterocycles. The literature reveals that pyrazolopyrimidines have outstanding biological activity. Hence, here, the diverse pharmacological activities shown by pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives reported in the last 5 years are collated and reviewed systematically. This review is classified into various sections focusing on anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and enzyme inhibitors. Structure-activity relationships are discussed in brief, which will help researchers design potent pharmacological agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atukuri Dorababu
- SRMPP Government First Grade College, Huvinahadagali, Karnataka, India
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12
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Hussein BRM, Moustafa AH. Utility of arylglyoxal hydrates in synthesis of 4-aroyl-[1,3,5]triazino[1,2-a]benzimidazol-2(1H)-imines and 5-aryl-2-phenyl-4H-imidazol-4-imines. Mol Divers 2022; 26:3185-3191. [PMID: 35064443 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10379-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nucleophilic substitution reaction for arylglyoxal hydrates (AGs-hydrate) was studied via their reaction with some mono- and multi-nucleophilic reagents in the presence of sodium ethoxide as basic catalyst. Thus, reaction of phenylglyoxal hydrate (1a) with hydrogen sulfide and/or ammonium acetate afforded the corresponding 2-hydroxy-2-mercapto-1-phenylethanone (2) and 2-oxo-2-phenylethanimidamide (3), respectively. Heterocyclization reaction of AGs-hydrate 1a-f with 1-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)guanidine (4) gave 4-aroyl-[1,3,5]triazino[1,2-a]benzimidazol-2(1H)-imines 5a-f. Also, a series of 5-aryl-2-phenyl-4H-imidazol-4-imines 7a-d was synthesized via one-pot multicomponent reaction of AGs-hydrate 1a-d, benzonitrile (6) and ammonium acetate. Imidazole-4-imines 7a-d can be also prepared using other route via multicomponent reaction of AGs-hydrate 1a-d, benzenecarboximidamide acetate (8) and ammonium acetate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahgat R M Hussein
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt
| | - Amr H Moustafa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt.
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13
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Kumar S, Gupta S, Rani V, Sharma P. Pyrazole Containing Anti-HIV Agents: An Update. Med Chem 2022; 18:831-846. [PMID: 34994333 DOI: 10.2174/1573406418666220106163846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyrazole scaffolds have gained importance in drug discovery and development for various pharmacological activities like antiviral, antifungal, anticancer, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, etc. Additionally, the pyrazole moiety has shown potent anti-HIV activity as a core heterocycle or substituted heterocycles derivatives (mono, di, tri, tetra, and fused pyrazole derivatives). To assist the development of further potential anti-HIV agents containing pyrazole nucleus, here we have summarized pyrazole containing anti-HIV compounds that have been reported by researchers all over the world for the last two decades. OBJECTIVE The present review concentrates on an assortment of pyrazole containing compounds, particularly for potential therapeutic activity against HIV. METHODS Google Scholar, Pubmed, and SciFinder were searched databases with ''pyrazol'' keywords. Further, the year of publication and keywords ''Anti-HIV'' filter was applied to obtain relevant reported literature for anti-HIV agents containing pyrazole as a core or substituted derivatives. RESULTS This review article has shown the comprehensive compilation of 220 compounds containing pyrazole nucleus and possessing anti-HIV activity by sorting approximately 40 research articles from 2001 to date. 1-(4-Benzoylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-(4-fluoro-7-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridin-3-yl)ethane-1,2-dione (13), 3-(3-(2-(4-benzoylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-oxoacetyl)-4-fluoro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridin-7-yl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (31), 3-(3-(2-(4-benzoylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-oxoacetyl)-4-fluoro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridin-7-yl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (88), 3-cyanophenoxypyrazole derivative (130), and 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(4-methyl-5-((4-nitrophenyl)diazenyl)thiazol-2-yl)-3-phenyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]isoxazole (178) were the most potent mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-substituted, and fused pyrazole derivatives, respectively, which have shown potent anti-HIV activity among all the described derivatives as compared with standard anti-HIV drugs. CONCLUSION This review article provides an overview of the potential therapeutic activity of pyrazole derivatives against HIV that will be helpful for designing pyrazole containing compounds for anti-HIV activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar
- Punjab Biotechnology Incubator, Mohali, Punjab - 160 059, India
- Regional Advance Water Testing Laboratory, Mohali, Punjab - 160 059, India
| | - Shiv Gupta
- Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab - 144 411, India
| | - Varsha Rani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Syngene International Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore - 560 099, India
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14
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Johansson NG, Dreano L, Vidilaseris K, Khattab A, Liu J, Lasbleiz A, Ribeiro O, Kiriazis A, Boije af Gennäs G, Meri S, Goldman A, Yli‐Kauhaluoma J, Xhaard H. Exploration of Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines as Membrane-Bound Pyrophosphatase Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:3360-3367. [PMID: 34459148 PMCID: PMC8597055 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of membrane-bound pyrophosphatase (mPPase) with small molecules offer a new approach in the fight against pathogenic protozoan parasites. mPPases are absent in humans, but essential for many protists as they couple pyrophosphate hydrolysis to the active transport of protons or sodium ions across acidocalcisomal membranes. So far, only few nonphosphorus inhibitors have been reported. Here, we explore the chemical space around previous hits using a combination of screening and synthetic medicinal chemistry, identifying compounds with low micromolar inhibitory activities in the Thermotoga maritima mPPase test system. We furthermore provide early structure-activity relationships around a new scaffold having a pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine core. The most promising pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine congener was further investigated and found to inhibit Plasmodium falciparum mPPase in membranes as well as the growth of P. falciparum in an ex vivo survival assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas G. Johansson
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of HelsinkiP.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5 E)00014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Loïc Dreano
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of HelsinkiP.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5 E)00014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Keni Vidilaseris
- Department of Biosciences, Division of BiochemistryUniversity of HelsinkiP.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 9)00014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Ayman Khattab
- Malaria Research Laboratory, Translational Immunology Research Program, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman InstituteUniversity of HelsinkiP.O. Box 21 (Haartmaninkatu 3)00014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Jianing Liu
- Department of Biosciences, Division of BiochemistryUniversity of HelsinkiP.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 9)00014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Arthur Lasbleiz
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of HelsinkiP.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5 E)00014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Orquidea Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences, Division of BiochemistryUniversity of HelsinkiP.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 9)00014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Alexandros Kiriazis
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of HelsinkiP.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5 E)00014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Gustav Boije af Gennäs
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of HelsinkiP.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5 E)00014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Seppo Meri
- Malaria Research Laboratory, Translational Immunology Research Program, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman InstituteUniversity of HelsinkiP.O. Box 21 (Haartmaninkatu 3)00014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Adrian Goldman
- Department of Biosciences, Division of BiochemistryUniversity of HelsinkiP.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 9)00014HelsinkiFinland
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologyUniversity of Leeds, Clarendon WayLeeds LS2 9JTUK
| | - Jari Yli‐Kauhaluoma
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of HelsinkiP.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5 E)00014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Henri Xhaard
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of HelsinkiP.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5 E)00014HelsinkiFinland
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15
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Elattar KM, El-Mekabaty A. Bicyclic 5-6 Systems: Comprehensive Synthetic Strategies for the Annulations of Pyrazolo[ 1,5-a]pyrimidines. Curr Org Synth 2021; 18:547-586. [PMID: 33966620 DOI: 10.2174/1570179418666210509015108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pyrazolopyrimidines are a privileged class of 5-6 bicyclic systems with three or four nitrogen atoms, including four possible isomeric structures. The significance of this class of compounds is that they can be applied in medical and pharmaceutical fields due to their unlimited biological aptitude, hence it is the basic skeleton of several synthetic drugs. The current review aimed to highlight all the synthetic routes that have been applied to construct the pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine ring systems up to date. The sections in this study included the synthesis of pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines by condensation reactions of 5-aminopyrazoles with each of β-diketones, 1,5-diketones, β- ketoaldehydes, α-cyanoaldehydes, β-enaminones, enamines, enaminonitriles, ethers, with unsaturated ketones, unsaturated thiones, unsaturated esters, unsaturated dienones "1,2-allenic", unsaturated aldehydes, unsaturated imines, and unsaturated nitriles. The routes adopted to synthesize this class of heterocyclic compounds were extended for ring construction from acyclic reagents and multicomponent reactions under catalytic or catalyst-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M Elattar
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Mekabaty
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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16
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Quantum chemical exploration on the inhibition performance of indole and some of its derivatives against copper corrosion. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Abdel‐Motaal M, El‐Senduny FF, Shaaban S. One‐Pot Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of Novel Pyrazole Hybrids. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Abdel‐Motaal
- Organic Chemistry Division Department of Chemistry College of Science Mansoura University Egypt
- Department of Chemistry College of Science Qassim University Buraidah 51452 Saudi Arabia
| | - Fardous F. El‐Senduny
- BioChemistry Division Department of Chemistry College of Science Mansoura University Egypt
| | - Saad Shaaban
- Organic Chemistry Division Department of Chemistry College of Science Mansoura University Egypt
- Department of Chemistry College of Science King Faisal University, P.O. Box 380 Al-Ahsa 31982 Saudi Arabia
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18
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Nadiveedhi MR, Shaik MS, Krishnammagari SK, Cirandur SR. Metal‐free multicomponent synthesis and
in vitro
antioxidant activity of indolylpyrazolopyrimidines. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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19
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Mohamed AM, El-Sayed WA, Ibrahim AA, Abdel-Hafez NA, Ali KAK, Mohamed SF. Recent Trends in the Chemistry of [1,2,4]Triazole[1,5-a]pyrimidines. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2020.1871310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf M. Mohamed
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Wael A. El-Sayed
- Photochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Alhussein A. Ibrahim
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Korany A. K. Ali
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
- Center of Excellence, Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Group, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Salwa F. Mohamed
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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20
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Gao P, Song S, Wang Z, Sun L, Zhang J, Pannecouque C, De Clercq E, Zhan P, Liu X. Design, synthesis and anti-HIV evaluation of novel 5-substituted diarylpyrimidine derivatives as potent HIV-1 NNRTIs. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 40:116195. [PMID: 33979774 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are widely used in combination therapies against HIV-1. As a continuation of our efforts to discover and develop "me-better" drugs of DAPYs, novel diarylpyrimidine derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their anti-HIV activities in MT-4 cells. All the compounds demonstrated strong inhibition activity against wide-type HIV-1 strain (IIIB) with EC50 values in the range of 2.5 nM ~ 0.93 μM. Among them, compounds IVB-5-4 and IVB-5-8 were the most potent ones which showed anti-HIV-1IIIB activity much superior than that of Nevirapine, comparable to Efavirenz and Etravirine. What's more, some compounds also showed low nanomole activity against some mutant strains such as K103N and E138K. The selected compound IVB-5-4 was also evaluated for the activity against reverse transcriptase (RT), and exhibited submicromolar IC50 values indicating that this series compounds are specific RT inhibitors. Preliminary structure-activity relationships and modeling studies of these new analogues provide valuable avenues for future molecular optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Gao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, China; Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Shu Song
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250033, China
| | - Christophe Pannecouque
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, K. U. Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, K. U. Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, China; China-Belgium Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Antiviral Drugs of Shandong Province, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, China; China-Belgium Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Antiviral Drugs of Shandong Province, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
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21
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Enhancing the chemosensitivity of HepG2 cells towards cisplatin by organoselenium pseudopeptides. Bioorg Chem 2021; 109:104713. [PMID: 33611136 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite all recent advances in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), chemotherapy resistance still represents a major challenge in its successful clinical management. Chemo-sensitization offers an attractive strategy to counter drug resistance. Herein we report the identification of novel organoselenium-based pseudopeptides as promising highly effective chemo-sensitizers in treating HCC with cisplatin. A series of functionalized pseudopeptide- (5-9 and 17-19), peptidomimetic- (10-12 and 20-23), and tetrazole-based (13-16 and 24-27) organoselenium compounds were synthesized via isonitrile-based multicomponent reactions from two novel selenium-containing isocyanides. All compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against HepG2 and the non-cytotoxic doses were used to restor the sensitivity of the cells to cisplatin. New organoselenium compounds (7, 9, 15, or 23) led to an effective chemo-sensitization of HepG2 cells towards cisplatin (up-to 27-fold). Cell cycle studies indicate that the most potent peptidomimetic diselenide 23 arrested cells at the S phase and induced apoptosis via ROS modulation.
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22
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Ding L, Zhuang C, Chen F. Druggability modification strategies of the diarylpyrimidine-type non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:1255-1290. [PMID: 33497504 DOI: 10.1002/med.21760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Drug discovery of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a hot field in medicinal chemistry community for many years. The diarylpyrimidines (DAPYs) are the second-generation non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) targeting reverse transcriptase, playing a great irreplaceable role in HIV transcriptional therapy. However, fast-growing drug-resistant mutations as nonnegligible challenge are still unpredictably appeared in the clinical practice, leading to deactivate or reduce the existing drugs. In the last 20 years, more and more novel DAPY derivatives have developed with the purpose to counter the mutants. Nevertheless, most of them have dissatisfactory pharmacokinetics (PK) or poor antiviral activity toward resistant mutant strains. In this article, we will analyze the NNRTI derivatives with promising druggability, and summarize a series of druggability modification strategies to improve the antiviral activity, reduce toxicity and improve the PK properties in recent years. The prospects of DAPYs and the directions for future efforts will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ding
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunlin Zhuang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai, China
| | - Fener Chen
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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23
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Sweidan NI, El-Abadelah MM, Nazer MZ, Voelter W. Selective cyclization modes of methyl 3′-heteroarylamino-2′-(2,5-dichlorothiophene-3-carbonyl)acrylates. Synthesis of model (thienyl)pyrazolo- and triazolo[1,5-α]pyrimidines. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2020-0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Interaction of methyl 3-ethoxy-2-(2,5-dichloro-3-thenoyl)acrylate (I) with 3-aminopyrazole and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole generated the respective pyrazolo[1,5-α]pyrimidine (4) and triazolo[1,5-α]pyrimidine (7). The formation of 4 entails selective and consecutive displacement of the 3-ethoxy and methoxy (ester) anions in I by 3-NH2 and 1-NH of 3-aminopyrazole. On the other hand, the formation of 7 implies selective displacement of 3-ethoxy in I by the ring-NH followed by cyclocondensation involving the keto group in I and 3-NH2 of aminotriazole. This latter selective displacement sequence is also followed by 3-amino-5-hydroxypyrazole in its reaction with I. The structures of the new compounds are supported by microanalytical and spectral data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuha I. Sweidan
- Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Art and Science, University of Petra , Amman 961343 , Jordan
| | - Mustafa M. El-Abadelah
- Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science, The University of Jordan , Amman 11942 , Jordan
| | - Musa Z. Nazer
- Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science, The University of Jordan , Amman 11942 , Jordan
| | - Wolfgang Voelter
- Interfakultӓres Institut für Biochemie, Universitӓt Tübingen , Hoppe-Seyler Straße 4 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
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24
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Srivastava R, Gupta SK, Naaz F, Sen Gupta PS, Yadav M, Singh VK, Singh A, Rana MK, Gupta SK, Schols D, Singh RK. Alkylated benzimidazoles: Design, synthesis, docking, DFT analysis, ADMET property, molecular dynamics and activity against HIV and YFV. Comput Biol Chem 2020; 89:107400. [PMID: 33068917 PMCID: PMC7537607 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2020.107400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
New benzimidazole analogs synthesized as antivirals against HIV-1 and yellow fever virus. Molecular dynamics simulation studies indicated a stable ligand-protein complex of compound 3a within NNIBP of HIV-RT. DFT analysis confirmed the stability of hydrogen bonding interaction between the TRP 229 residue of HIV-RT and compound 3a. Molecules were tested for their anti-HIV and broad spectrum antiviral properties against different DNA and RNA viruses. Antiviral properties and cytotoxicity determined using MTT assay. Compound 3a showed anti-HIV activity and compound 2b showed excellent inhibition property against yellow fever virus.
A series of alkylated benzimidazole derivatives was synthesized and screened for their anti-HIV, anti-YFV, and broad-spectrum antiviral properties. The physicochemical parameters and drug-like properties of the compounds were assessed first, and then docking studies and MD simulations on HIV-RT allosteric sites were conducted to find the possible mode of their action. DFT analysis was also performed to confirm the nature of the hydrogen bonding interaction of active compounds. The in silico studies indicated that the molecules behaved like possible NNRTIs. The nature – polar or non-polar and position of the substituent present at fifth, sixth, and N-1 positions of the benzimidazole moiety played an important role in determining the antiviral properties of the compounds. Among the various compounds, 2-(5,6-dibromo-2-chloro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)ethan-1-ol (3a) showed anti-HIV activity with an appreciably low IC50 value as 0.386 × 10−5μM. Similarly, compound 2b, 3-(2-chloro-5-nitro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl) propan-1-ol, showed excellent inhibitory property against the yellow fever virus (YFV) with EC50 value as 0.7824 × 10−2μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Srivastava
- Bioorganic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India
| | - Sunil K Gupta
- Bioorganic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India
| | - Farha Naaz
- Bioorganic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India
| | - Parth Sarthi Sen Gupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Berhampur, Odisha 760010, India
| | - Madhu Yadav
- Bioorganic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India
| | - Vishal Kumar Singh
- Bioorganic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India
| | - Anuradha Singh
- Bioorganic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India
| | - Malay Kumar Rana
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Berhampur, Odisha 760010, India
| | | | | | - Ramendra K Singh
- Bioorganic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India.
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25
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Li C, Fan W, Qi C, Zhang F. Four component synthesis of pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-4-one derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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He LL, Qi Q, Wang X, Li Y, Zhu Y, Wang XF, Xu L. Synthesis of two novel pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine compounds with antibacterial activity and biophysical insights into their interactions with plasma protein. Bioorg Chem 2020; 99:103833. [PMID: 32305694 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Two novel water-soluble pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives, 5-chloro-7-(4-methyl-piperazin -1-yl)-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (CMPS) and N'-(5-chloro-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-yl)-N,N-dimethyl -propane-1,3-diamine (NCPS), were synthesized and characterized with antibacterial activity. Then, the interactions of these compounds with bovine serum albumin (BSA) were studied by fluorescence, time-resolved fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and molecular docking. The results indicate that both CMPS and NCPS could effectively quench the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA via a static quenching process. The energy transfer from BSA to CMPS and NCPS may occur with high probability. Both CMPS and NCPS bind in the site I of BSA. The hydrophobic force and hydrogen bonds play major roles in the complex formation. Binding constants for both systems show that the affinity of CMPS binding to BSA is stronger than that of NCPS. The results of three-dimensional fluorescence and CD spectra reveal that the binding of CMPS and NCPS to BSA can induce conformational changes of BSA, and the influence of CMPS is slightly stronger than that of NCPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling He
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Qi Qi
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China.
| | - Yu Li
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Yao Zhu
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Liang Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China.
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27
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Hassan A, Saleh N, Kadh MS, Abou‐Amra E. New fused pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives; heterocyclic styling, synthesis, molecular docking and anticancer evaluation. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A.Y. Hassan
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceAl‐Azhar University (Girls) Nasr Egypt
| | - N.M. Saleh
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceAl‐Azhar University (Girls) Nasr Egypt
| | - Mona. S. Kadh
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceAl‐Azhar University (Girls) Nasr Egypt
| | - E.S. Abou‐Amra
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceAl‐Azhar University (Girls) Nasr Egypt
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28
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Alsaedi AMR, Farghaly TA, Shaaban MR. Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Novel Pyrazolopyrimidines Incorporated with Mono- and Diphenylsulfonyl Groups. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24214009. [PMID: 31694325 PMCID: PMC6864798 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24214009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel series of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine ring systems containing phenylsulfonyl moiety have been synthesized via the reaction of 2-(phenylsulfonyl)-1-(4-(phenylsulfonyl) phenyl)ethan-1-one, 2-benzenesulfonyl-1-(4-benzenesulfonyl-phenyl)-3-dimethylamino-propenone and 3-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-(phenylsulfonyl)phenyl)prop-2-en-1-one each with various substituted aminoazopyrazole derivatives in one pot reaction strategy. The proposed structure as well as the mechanism of their reactions were discussed and proved with all possible spectral data. The results of antimicrobial activities of the new sulfone derivatives revealed that several derivatives showed activity exceeding the activity of reference drug. Contrary to expectations, we found that derivatives containing one sulfone group are more effective against all bacteria and fungi used than those contain two sulfone groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani M. R. Alsaedi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah Almukaramah 21514, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thoraya. A. Farghaly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
- Correspondence: (T.A.F.); (M.R.S.); Tel.: +966-545917568 (M.R.S.)
| | - Mohamed R. Shaaban
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah Almukaramah 21514, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
- Correspondence: (T.A.F.); (M.R.S.); Tel.: +966-545917568 (M.R.S.)
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Zhao T, Meng Q, Kang D, Ji J, De Clercq E, Pannecouque C, Liu X, Zhan P. Discovery of novel indolylarylsulfones as potent HIV-1 NNRTIs via structure-guided scaffold morphing. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 182:111619. [PMID: 31434039 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
For more in-depth exploration of the chemical space around the entrance channel of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT), a series of novel indolylarylsulfones (IASs) bearing different chiral N-substituted pyrrolidine, azetidine or substituted sulfonamide groups at indole-2-carboxamide were designed and synthesized as potent HIV NNRTIs by structure-guided scaffold morphing approach. All the IASs exhibited moderate to excellent potency against wild-type HIV-1 with EC50 values ranging from 0.0043 μM to 4.42 μM. Notably, compound 27 (EC50 = 4.7 nM, SI = 5183) and 33 (EC50 = 4.3 nM, SI = 7083) were identified as the most potent compounds, which were more active than nevirapine, lamivudine and efavirenz, and also reached the same order of etravirine. Furthermore, some compounds maintained excellent activity against various single HIV-1 mutants (L100I, K103 N, E138K, Y181C) as well as one double mutant (F227L/V106A) with EC50 values in low-micromolar concentration ranges. Notably, 34 displayed outstanding potency against F227L/V106A (EC50 = 0.094 μM), and also showed exceptional activity against E138K (EC50 = 0.014 μM), L100I (EC50 = 0.011 μM) and K103 N (EC50 = 0.025 μM). Additionally, most compounds showed markedly reduced cytotoxicity (CC50) compared to lead compounds, especially 36 (CC50 > 234.91 μM, SI > 18727) and 37 (CC50 > 252.49 μM, SI > 15152). Preliminary SARs and molecular modeling studies were also discussed in detail, which may provide valuable insights for further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, China
| | - Qing Meng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, China
| | - Dongwei Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, China
| | - Jianbo Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, China
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, K.U.Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe Pannecouque
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, K.U.Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, China.
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, China.
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Abstract
Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines are fused N-heterocyclic systems of a pyrazole. They are considered as a key structural motif in many vital applications, such as medicinal, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, dyes and pigments. Their synthetic routes have escalated dramatically in the last decades. The current review is a recent synthetic survey of pyrazolo[ 1,5-a]pyrimidines and their applications until recently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Al-Azmi
- Chemistry Department, Kuwait University, P. O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait
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31
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Recent progress in HIV-1 inhibitors targeting the entrance channel of HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor binding pocket. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 174:277-291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Kumar S, Deep A, Narasimhan B. A Review on Synthesis, Anticancer and Antiviral Potentials of Pyrimidine Derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573407214666180124160405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Pyrimidine is the six membered heterocyclic aromatic compound similar to
benzene and pyridine containing two nitrogen atoms at 1st and 3rd positions. Pyrimidine is present
throughout nature in various forms and is the building blocks of numerous natural compounds from
antibiotics to vitamins and liposacharides. The most commonly recognized pyrimidines are the bases of
RNA and DNA, the most abundant being cytosine, thymine or uracil.
Results:
Pyrimidine is a core structure in a wide variety of compounds that exhibits significant biological
activity and also plays an important role in the drug discovery process. Various synthetic aspects
indicated that pyrimidine derivatives are easy to synthesize and has diverse biological and chemical
applications. The present review article aims to review the work reported on synthesis, anticancer and
antiviral potentials of pyrimidine derivatives during new millennium.
Conclusion:
It may be concluded that the fused pyrimidine derivatives enhanced the anticancer potential
against different human cancer cell lines and antiviral potential against different human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV), herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) etc, which created interest among the medicinal
chemists in the pyrimidine skeleton in medicinal chemistry. Thus, a tremendous scope for research is
present in this direction for investigating pyrimidine derivatives as lead molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjiv Kumar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, India
| | - Aakash Deep
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ch. Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani-127021, India
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Metwally NH, Mohamed MS, Ragb EA. Design, synthesis, anticancer evaluation, molecular docking and cell cycle analysis of 3-methyl-4,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives as potent histone lysine demethylases (KDM) inhibitors and apoptosis inducers. Bioorg Chem 2019; 88:102929. [PMID: 31015179 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.102929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines were synthesized and proved by their spectral and elemental analysis, some elected of the newly synthesized compounds were examined for their cytotoxic activity employing MTT assay on two cancer cell lines (Breast and Hela cancers). Compounds 5, 7e and 7i showed the higher cytotoxicity against two cancer cell lines with (IC50 = 13.91 ± 1.4 and 22.37 ± 1.8 μM/L), (IC50 = 6.56 ± 0.5 and 8.72 ± 0.9 μM/L) and (IC50 = 4.17 ± 0.2 and 5.57 ± 0.4 μM/L) for two cancer cell lines breast and hela respectively, using doxorubicin as a reference drug. The most potent cytotoxic active compounds 5, 7e and 7i presented inhibitory activity against KDM (histone lysine demethylases) with IC50 = 4.05, 1.91 and 2.31 μM, respectively. The most potent KDM inhibitor 7e (IC50 = 1.91 μM) showed to cause cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase by 4 folds than control and induce total apoptotic effect by 10 folds more than control. In silico studies performed on the more potent cytotoxic active compounds 5, 7e and 7i included lipinisk's rule of five. Moreover, molecular docking study was utilized to explore the binding mode of the most active compounds to the target enzyme (PDB-ID: 5IVE). Also, some bioinformatics studies were carried out for compounds 7e and 7i using Swiss ADME (Swiss Institute of bioinformatics 2018).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mona Said Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman Ali Ragb
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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34
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Modi P, Patel S, Chhabria M. Structure-based design, synthesis and biological evaluation of a newer series of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine analogues as potential anti-tubercular agents. Bioorg Chem 2019; 87:240-251. [PMID: 30908967 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In-depth study of structure-based drug designing can provide vital leads for the development of novel, clinically active molecules. In this present study, twenty six novel pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine analogues (6a-6z) were designed using molecular docking studies. The designed molecules were synthesized in good yields. Structural elucidation of the synthesized molecules was carried out using IR, MS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in-vitro anti-tubercular activity against H37Rv strain by Alamar Blue assay method. Most of the synthesized compounds displayed potent anti-tubercular activities. Amongst all the tested compounds 6p, 6g, 6n and 6h exhibited promising anti-tubercular activity. Further, these potent compounds were gauged for MDR-TB, XDR-TB and cytotoxic study. None of these compounds exhibited potent cytotoxicity. Stability of protein ligand complex was further evaluated by molecular dynamics simulation for 10 ns. All these results indicate that the synthesized compounds could be potential leads for further development of new potent anti-tubercular agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palmi Modi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380009 Gujarat, India; Department of Pharmacy, Dharmsinh Desai University, Nadiad, 387001 Gujarat, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L. J. Institute of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, 382210 Gujarat, India
| | - Shivani Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380009 Gujarat, India; Division of Biological and Life Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, 380009 Gujarat, India
| | - Mahesh Chhabria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380009 Gujarat, India.
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35
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Huang B, Chen W, Zhao T, Li Z, Jiang X, Ginex T, Vílchez D, Luque FJ, Kang D, Gao P, Zhang J, Tian Y, Daelemans D, De Clercq E, Pannecouque C, Zhan P, Liu X. Exploiting the Tolerant Region I of the Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NNRTI) Binding Pocket: Discovery of Potent Diarylpyrimidine-Typed HIV-1 NNRTIs against Wild-Type and E138K Mutant Virus with Significantly Improved Water Solubility and Favorable Safety Profiles. J Med Chem 2019; 62:2083-2098. [PMID: 30721060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boshi Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Wenmin Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021 Shandong, China
| | - Xiangyi Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Tiziana Ginex
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Torribera, Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB) and Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (IQTCUB), University of Barcelona, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - David Vílchez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Torribera, Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB) and Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (IQTCUB), University of Barcelona, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Luque
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Torribera, Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB) and Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (IQTCUB), University of Barcelona, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Dongwei Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Ping Gao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Dirk Daelemans
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49 Postbus 1043 (09.A097), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49 Postbus 1043 (09.A097), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe Pannecouque
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49 Postbus 1043 (09.A097), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
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36
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Oukoloff K, Lucero B, Francisco KR, Brunden KR, Ballatore C. 1,2,4-Triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines in drug design. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 165:332-346. [PMID: 30703745 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (TP) heterocycle, in spite of its relatively simple structure, has proved to be remarkably versatile as evidenced by its use in many different applications reported over the years in different areas of drug design. For example, as the ring system of TPs is isoelectronic with that of purines, this heterocycle has been proposed as a possible surrogate of the purine ring. However, depending on the choice of substituents, the TP ring has also been described as a potentially viable bio-isostere of the carboxylic acid functional group and of the N-acetyl fragment of ε-N-acetylated lysine. In addition, the metal-chelating properties of the TP ring have also been exploited to generate candidate treatments for cancer and parasitic diseases. In the present review article, we discuss recent applications of the TP scaffold in medicinal chemistry, and provide an overview of its properties and methods of synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Killian Oukoloff
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Bobby Lucero
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Karol R Francisco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Kurt R Brunden
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
| | - Carlo Ballatore
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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37
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Shaabani A, Nazeri MT, Afshari R. 5-Amino-pyrazoles: potent reagents in organic and medicinal synthesis. Mol Divers 2018; 23:751-807. [PMID: 30552550 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-018-9902-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
5-Amino-pyrazoles have proven to be a class of fascinating and privileged organic tools for the construction of diverse heterocyclic or fused heterocyclic scaffolds. This review presents comprehensively the applications of 5-amino-pyrazoles as versatile synthetic building blocks in the synthesis of remarkable organic molecules with an emphasis on versatile functionalities. Following a brief introduction of synthesis methods, planning strategies to construct organic compounds, particularly diverse heterocyclic scaffolds, such as poly-substituted heterocyclic compounds and fused heterocyclic compounds via 5-amino-pyrazoles, have been summarized. Fused heterocycles are classified as bicyclic, tricyclic, tetracyclic, and spiro-fused pyrazole derivatives. These outstanding compounds synthesized via wide variety of approaches include conventional reactions, one-pot multi-component reactions, cyclocondensation, cascade/tandem protocols, and coupling reactions. 5-Amino-pyrazoles represent a class of promising functional reagents, similar to the biologically active compounds, highlighted with diverse applications especially in the field of pharmaceutics and medicinal chemistry. Notably, this critical review covers the articles published from 1981 to 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Shaabani
- Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., P. O. Box 19396-4716, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Taghi Nazeri
- Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., P. O. Box 19396-4716, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ronak Afshari
- Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., P. O. Box 19396-4716, Tehran, Iran
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38
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Shirvani P, Fassihi A, Saghaie L. Recent Advances in the Design and Development of Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Scaffolds. ChemMedChem 2018; 14:52-77. [PMID: 30417561 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) have always been an important part of the anti-HIV-1 combination therapy known as combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) since 1996. The use of NNRTIs for about 22 years has led to some mutations in the residues that compose the reverse transcriptase active site, resulting in the emergence of drug-resistant viruses. Thus, the search for new potent NNRTIs with an improved safety profile and activity against drug-resistant HIV strains is indispensable, and many hit and lead NNRTIs have been discovered in the last decade. This review provides an overview of the development in this field from 2013 to August 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouria Shirvani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Hezar Jerib Avenue, 81746-73461, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Afshin Fassihi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Hezar Jerib Avenue, 81746-73461, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Lotfollah Saghaie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Hezar Jerib Avenue, 81746-73461, Isfahan, Iran
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39
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Kumar S, Narasimhan B, Lim SM, Ramasamy K, Mani V, Shah SAA. Design, Synthesis and Biological Potential of 5-(2-Amino-6-(3/4-bromophenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)benzene-1,3-diol Scaffolds as Promising Antimicrobial and Anticancer Agents. Mini Rev Med Chem 2018; 19:851-864. [PMID: 30306864 DOI: 10.2174/1389557518666181009141924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A series of 5-(2-amino-6-(3/4-bromophenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)benzene-1,3-diol scaffolds was synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation and characterized by NMR, IR, Mass and elemental analyses. METHODS The synthesized pyrimidine scaffolds were screened for their antimicrobial activity by tube dilution method as well for antiproliferative activity (human colorectal (HCT116) cancer cell line) by SRB assay. RESULTS The antimicrobial screening results demonstrated that compounds, k6, k12, k14 and k20 were found to be the most potent ones against selected microbial species. The anticancer screening results indicated that compounds, k8 and k14 displayed potent anticancer activity against cancer cell line (HCT116). CONCLUSION Further, the molecular docking study carried to find out the interaction between active pyrimidine compounds with CDK-8 protein indicated that compound k14 showed best dock score with better potency within the ATP binding pocket and may be used as a lead for rational drug designing of the anticancer molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjiv Kumar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, India
| | | | - Siong Meng Lim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Pharmaceutical Life Sciences Community of Research, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kalavathy Ramasamy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Pharmaceutical Life Sciences Community of Research, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Vasudevan Mani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Adnan Ali Shah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Products Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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40
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Gu SX, Lu HH, Liu GY, Ju XL, Zhu YY. Advances in diarylpyrimidines and related analogues as HIV-1 nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 158:371-392. [PMID: 30223123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) have been playing an important role in the fight against acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Diarylpyrimidines (DAPYs) as the second generation NNRTIs, represented by etravirine (TMC125) and rilpivirine (TMC278), have attracted extensive attention due to their extraordinary potency, high specificity and low toxicity. However, the rapid emergence of drug-resistant virus strains and dissatisfactory pharmacokinetics of DAPYs present new challenges. In the past two decades, an increasing number of novel DAPY derivatives have emerged, which significantly enriched the structure-activity relationship of DAPYs. Studies of crystallography and molecular modeling have afforded a lot of useful information on structural requirements of NNRTIs, which contributes greatly to the improvement of their resistance profiles. In this review, we reviewed the discovery history and their evolution of DAPYs including their structural modification, derivatization and scaffold hopping in continuous pursuit of excellent anti-HIV drugs. And also, we discussed the prospect of DAPYs and the directions of future efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Xi Gu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, PR China.
| | - Huan-Huan Lu
- Yichang Humanwell Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Yichang, 443005, PR China
| | - Gen-Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, PR China
| | - Xiu-Lian Ju
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, PR China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, PR China.
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41
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Huang B, Liu X, Tian Y, Kang D, Zhou Z, Daelemans D, De Clercq E, Pannecouque C, Zhan P, Liu X. First discovery of a potential carbonate prodrug of NNRTI drug candidate RDEA427 with submicromolar inhibitory activity against HIV-1 K103N/Y181C double mutant strain. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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42
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Kumar S, Narasimhan B. Therapeutic potential of heterocyclic pyrimidine scaffolds. Chem Cent J 2018; 12:38. [PMID: 29619583 PMCID: PMC5884769 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-018-0406-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds offer a high degree of structural diversity and have proven to be broadly and economically useful as therapeutic agents. Comprehensive research on diverse therapeutic potentials of heterocycles compounds has confirmed their immense significance in the pathophysiology of diseases. Heterocyclic pyrimidine nucleus, which is an essential base component of the genetic material of deoxyribonucleic acid, demonstrated various biological activities. The present review article aims to review the work reported on therapeutic potentials of pyrimidine scaffolds which are valuable for medical applications during new generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjiv Kumar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India
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Tian Y, Liu Z, Liu J, Huang B, Kang D, Zhang H, De Clercq E, Daelemans D, Pannecouque C, Lee KH, Chen CH, Zhan P, Liu X. Targeting the entrance channel of NNIBP: Discovery of diarylnicotinamide 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles as novel HIV-1 NNRTIs with high potency against wild-type and E138K mutant virus. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 151:339-350. [PMID: 29635166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by our previous efforts on the modifications of diarylpyrimidines as HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) and reported crystallography study, novel diarylnicotinamide derivatives were designed with a "triazole tail" occupying the entrance channel in the NNRTI binding pocket of the reverse transcriptase to afford additional interactions. The newly designed compounds were then synthesized and evaluated for their anti-HIV activities in MT-4 cells. All the compounds showed excellent to good activity against wild-type HIV-1 strain with EC50 of 0.02-1.77 μM. Evaluations of selected compounds against more drug-resistant strains showed these compounds had advantage of inhibiting E138K mutant virus which is a key drug-resistant mutant to the new generation of NNRTIs. Among this series, propionitrile (3b2, EC50(IIIB) = 0.020 μM, EC50(E138K) = 0.015 μM, CC50 = 40.15 μM), pyrrolidin-1-ylmethanone (3b8, EC50(IIIB) = 0.020 μM, EC50(E138K) = 0.014 μM, CC50 = 58.09 μM) and morpholinomethanone (3b9, EC50(IIIB) = 0.020 μM, EC50(E138K) = 0.027 μM, CC50 = 180.90 μM) derivatives are the three most promising compounds which are equally potent to the marketed drug Etravirine against E138K mutant strain but with much lower cytotoxicity. Furthermore, detailed SAR, inhibitory activity against RT and docking study of the representative compounds are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Zhaoqiang Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jinghan Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, 210009, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Boshi Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Dongwei Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Daelemans
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe Pannecouque
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7568, United States; Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Ho Chen
- Surgical Science, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, United States
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
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44
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Zuo X, Huo Z, Kang D, Wu G, Zhou Z, Liu X, Zhan P. Current insights into anti-HIV drug discovery and development: a review of recent patent literature (2014-2017). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2018; 28:299-316. [PMID: 29411697 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2018.1438410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To deal with the rapid emergence of drug resistance challenges, together with the difficulty to eradicate the virus, off-target effects and significant cumulative drug toxicities, it is still imperative to develop next-generation anti-HIV agents with novel chemical classes or new mechanisms of action. AREAS COVERED We primarily focused on current strategies to discover novel anti-HIV agents. Moreover, examples of anti-HIV lead compounds were mainly selected from recently patented publications (reported between 2014 and 2017). In particular, 'privileged structure'-focused substituents decorating approach, scaffold hopping, natural-product diversification and prodrug are focused on. Furthermore, exploitation of new compounds with unexplored mechanisms of action and medicinal chemistry strategies to deplete the HIV reservoir were also described. Perspectives that could inspire future anti-HIV drug discovery are delineated. EXPERT OPINION Even if a large number of patents have been disclosed recently, additional HIV inhibitors are still required, especially novel chemical skeletons displaying a unexploited mechanism of action. Current medicinal chemistry strategies are inadequate, and appropriate and new methodologies and technologies should be exploited to identify novel anti-HIV drug candidates in a time- and cost- effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Zuo
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Ji'nan , PR China
| | - Zhipeng Huo
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Ji'nan , PR China
| | - Dongwei Kang
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Ji'nan , PR China
| | - Gaochan Wu
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Ji'nan , PR China
| | - Zhongxia Zhou
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Ji'nan , PR China
| | - Xinyong Liu
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Ji'nan , PR China
| | - Peng Zhan
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Ji'nan , PR China
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45
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Aggarwal R, Kumar S. 5-Aminopyrazole as precursor in design and synthesis of fused pyrazoloazines. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:203-242. [PMID: 29441143 PMCID: PMC5789427 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The condensation of 5-aminopyrazole with various bielectrophilic moieties results in the formation of pyrazoloazines, an interesting array of fused heterocyclic systems. The development of new synthetic routes towards pyrazoloazines for their biological and medicinal exploration is an attractive area for researchers throughout the world. The present review focuses on various synthetic methods developed in the last decade for the synthesis of differently substituted pyrazoloazines by a broad range of organic reactions by means of 5-aminopyrazole as a precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136119, Haryana, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136119, Haryana, India
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46
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Liu Z, Tian Y, Liu J, Huang B, Kang D, De Clercq E, Daelemans D, Pannecouque C, Zhan P, Liu X. Design, synthesis and anti-HIV evaluation of novel diarylpyridine derivatives as potent HIV-1 NNRTIs. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 140:383-391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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47
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Kang D, Huo Z, Wu G, Xu J, Zhan P, Liu X. Novel fused pyrimidine and isoquinoline derivatives as potent HIV-1 NNRTIs: a patent evaluation of WO2016105532A1, WO2016105534A1 and WO2016105564A1. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2017; 27:383-391. [PMID: 28276283 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2017.1303046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the three patent applications, the impact of changing the pyrimidine core of the rilpivirine (RPV) to a variety of alternative fused cores was explored, culminating in the identification of a series of conformationally restricted compounds with comparable potencies against WT and mutant HIV-1 strains with those of efavirenz (EFV) and RPV, and higher security in the Human Ether-a-go-go-Related Gene (hERG) assay. Areas covered: The present review provides a fused pyrimidine and isoquinoline derivatives as potent HIV-1 NNRTIs, and highlights the conformational restriction strategies in the development of NNRTIs. Expert opinion: The molecular docking analysis of the newly synthesized compounds maintain the classical horseshoe conformation and shares similar binding mode with RPV. The conformational restriction strategies have greatly accelerated the optimization of the DAPY NNRTIs and contribute to finding new chemical entities (NCEs) with favorable druggability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Kang
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Shandong , PR China
| | - Zhipeng Huo
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Shandong , PR China
| | - Gaochan Wu
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Shandong , PR China
| | - Jiabao Xu
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Shandong , PR China
| | - Peng Zhan
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Shandong , PR China
| | - Xinyong Liu
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Shandong , PR China
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48
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Huang B, Zhou Z, Kang D, Li W, Chen Z, Zhan P, Liu X. Novel diaryltriazines with a picolinonitrile moiety as potent HIV-1 RT inhibitors: a patent evaluation of WO2016059647(A2). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2016; 27:9-15. [PMID: 27855563 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2017.1262349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Diaryltriazine derivatives, which are structurally related to diarylpyrimidines, are a representative class of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors with remarkable antiviral activities against wild-type and several mutant strains of HIV-1. A series of novel diaryltriazines with a picolinonitrile moiety was reported as potent HIV-1 RT inhibitors in the patent WO2016059647(A2). Two representative compounds 5e (hydrochloride) and 6e (hydrochloride) exhibited outstanding activities against various HIV-1 strains in cell-based assays, which were superior to those of AZT. Moreover, modeling simulation study is performed and discussed in details, providing deep insights and valuable information to explain the excellent antiviral potency of 6e. Finally, several cases to improve anti-drug-resistance profiles by targeting highly conserved residues in HIV-1 RT are herein preliminarily summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boshi Huang
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong , P. R. China
| | - Zhongxia Zhou
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong , P. R. China
| | - Dongwei Kang
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong , P. R. China
| | - Wanzhuo Li
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong , P. R. China
| | - Zihui Chen
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong , P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhan
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong , P. R. China
| | - Xinyong Liu
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong , P. R. China
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49
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Cherukupalli S, Karpoormath R, Chandrasekaran B, Hampannavar GA, Thapliyal N, Palakollu VN. An insight on synthetic and medicinal aspects of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine scaffold. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 126:298-352. [PMID: 27894044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine scaffold is one of the privileged hetrocycles in drug discovery. Its application as a buliding block for developing drug-like candidates has displayed broad range of medicinal properties such as anticancer, CNS agents, anti-infectious, anti-inflammatory, CRF1 antagonists and radio diagnostics. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies have acquired greater attention amid medicinal chemists, and many of the lead compounds were derived for various disease targets. However, there is plenty of room for the medicinal chemists to further exploit this privileged scaffold in developing potential drug candidates. The present review briefly outlines relevant synthetic strategies employed for pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives. It also extensively reveals significant biological properties along with SAR studies. To the best of our understanding current review is the first attempt made towards the compilation of significant advances made on pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines reported since 1980s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasulu Cherukupalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Rajshekhar Karpoormath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa.
| | - Balakumar Chandrasekaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Girish A Hampannavar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Neeta Thapliyal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Venkata Narayana Palakollu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
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50
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Kang D, Fang Z, Li Z, Huang B, Zhang H, Lu X, Xu H, Zhou Z, Ding X, Daelemans D, De Clercq E, Pannecouque C, Zhan P, Liu X. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Thiophene[3,2-d]pyrimidine Derivatives as HIV-1 Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors with Significantly Improved Drug Resistance Profiles. J Med Chem 2016; 59:7991-8007. [PMID: 27541578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We designed and synthesized a series of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) with a piperidine-substituted thiophene[3,2-d]pyrimidine scaffold, employing a strategy of structure-based molecular hybridization and substituent decorating. Most of the synthesized compounds exhibited broad-spectrum activity with low (single-digit) nanomolar EC50 values toward a panel of wild-type (WT), single-mutant, and double-mutant HIV-1 strains. Compound 27 was the most potent; compared with ETV, its antiviral efficacy was 3-fold greater against WT, 5-7-fold greater against Y181C, Y188L, E138K, and F227L+V106A, and nearly equipotent against L100I and K103N, though somewhat weaker against K103N+Y181C. Importantly, 27 has lower cytotoxicity (CC50 > 227 μM) and a huge selectivity index (SI) value (ratio of CC50/EC50) of >159101. 27 also showed favorable, drug-like pharmacokinetic and safety properties in rats in vivo. Molecular docking studies and the structure-activity relationships provide important clues for further molecular elaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong P.R. China
| | - Zengjun Fang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong P.R. China.,The Second Hospital, Shandong University , No. 247 Beiyuan Avenue, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong P.R. China
| | - Boshi Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong P.R. China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong P.R. China
| | - Xueyi Lu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong P.R. China
| | - Haoran Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong P.R. China
| | - Zhongxia Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong P.R. China
| | - Xiao Ding
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong P.R. China
| | - Dirk Daelemans
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven , Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven , Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe Pannecouque
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven , Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong P.R. China
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong P.R. China
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