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Chen N, Yang L, Ding N, Li G, Cai J, An X, Wang Z, Qin J, Niu Y. Recurrent neural network (RNN) model accelerates the development of antibacterial metronidazole derivatives. RSC Adv 2022; 12:22893-22901. [PMID: 36105994 PMCID: PMC9377161 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01807a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metronidazole is a specific drug against trichomonas and anaerobic bacteria, and is widely used in the clinic. However, extensive clinical application is often accompanied by extensive side effects, so it is still of great significance to develop metronidazole derivatives with a new skeleton. Compared with other traditional receptor-based drug design methods, the computational model based on a neural network has higher accuracy and reliability. In this work, a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) model is applied to the discovery of metronidazole drugs with a new skeleton. Firstly, the generation model based on a Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) is trained to generate an effective Simplified Molecular-Input Line-Entry System (SMILES) string library with high precision. Then, transfer learning is introduced to fine-tune the GRU model, and many molecules with structures similar to known active drugs are generated. After cluster analysis of the structures of the new compounds, 20 small molecular compounds with metronidazole structures of all different categories were selected, of which 19 may not belong to any published patents or applications. Through prediction and personal experience, the difficulty of synthesizing these 20 new structures was analyzed, and compound 0001 was chosen as our synthetic target, and a series of structures (8a–l) similar to compound 0001 were synthesized. Finally, the inhibitory activities of these compounds against bacteria E. coli, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis and S. aureus were determined. The results showed that compound 8a–l had obvious inhibitory activity against these four bacteria, which proved the accuracy of our compound generation model. Generating antibacterial metronidazole derivatives using a recurrent neural network model.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049 Shandong, China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu, China
- School of Physics and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Na Ding
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049 Shandong, China
| | - Guiwen Li
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049 Shandong, China
| | - Jiajing Cai
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049 Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoli An
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu, China
| | - Zhijie Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049 Shandong, China
| | - Jie Qin
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049 Shandong, China
| | - Yuzhen Niu
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049 Shandong, China
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2
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A facile one-pot, three component synthesis of a new series of 1,3,4-thiadiazines: Anticancer evaluation and molecular docking studies. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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3
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Kareem AI, Malan SF, Joubert J. Radical Releasing Anti-Tuberculosis Agents and the Treatment of Mycobacterial Tuberculosis Infections - An Overview. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:387-407. [PMID: 33605858 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666210219161045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The treatment and management of tuberculosis (TB) is a major global concern. Approved drugs for the treatment of TB to date displayed various modes of action which can be grouped into radical releasing and non-radical releasing anti TB agents. Radical releasing agents are of special interest because they diffuse directly into the mycobacterium cell wall, interact with the host cell DNA causing DNA strand breakages and fatal destabilization of the DNA helix inhibiting nucleic acid synthase. As a therapeutic agent with aforementioned activity, nitroimidazoles and most especially bicyclic nitroimidazoles are currently in clinical use for the treatment of tuberculosis. However, the approved drugs, pretomanid (PR) and delamanid (DE) are limited in their nitric oxide radical (NO•) releasing abilities to cause effective bactericidity. It is believed that their bactericidal activity can be improved by harnessing alternative strategies to increase NO• release. The last decade has witness the strategic inclusion of NO-donors into native drugs to improve their activities and/or reverse resistance. The rationale behind this strategy is the targeting of NO• release at specific therapeutic sites. This review therefore aims to highlight various radical releasing agents that may be effective in the treatment of TB. The review also investigates various structural modification to PR and DE and suggests alternative strategies to improve NO• release as well as some applications where NO-donor hybrid drugs have been used with good therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afeez I Kareem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535. South Africa
| | - Sarel F Malan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535. South Africa
| | - Jacques Joubert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535. South Africa
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4
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Metronidazole-conjugates: A comprehensive review of recent developments towards synthesis and medicinal perspective. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 210:112994. [PMID: 33234343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nitroimidazoles based compounds remain a hot topic of research in medicinal chemistry due to their numerous biological activities. Moreover, many clinical candidates based on this chemical core have been reported to be valuable in the treatment of human diseases. Metronidazole (MTZ) derived conjugates demonstrated a potential application in medicinal chemistry research over the last decade. In this review, we summarize the synthesis, key structure-activity-relationship (SAR) and associated biological activities such as antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV and anti-parasitic (Anti-trichomonas, antileishmanial, antiamoebic and anti-giardial) of explored MTZ-conjugates. The molecular docking analysis is also presented simultaneously, which will assist in developing an understanding towards designing of new MTZ-conjugates for target-based drug discovery against multiple disease areas.
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5
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Zhang J, Ba Y, Wang S, Yang H, Hou X, Xu Z. Nitroimidazole-containing compounds and their antibacterial and antitubercular activities. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 179:376-388. [PMID: 31260891 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Infections especially tuberculosis caused by various bacteria including mycobacteria result in millions of lives every year, but the control of bacterial infections is challenged by the limitation of effective pharmaceuticals against drug-resistant pathogens. Nitroimidazoles belong to a group of nitroheterocyclic compounds that have broad-spectrum activity against a series of organisms such as mycobacteria, anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and some of them have already been used in clinics or under clinical trials for the treatment of infectious diseases. In this review, we made an overview of the recent advances in nitroimidazole-containing compounds with antibacterial and antitubercular activity in the recent 20 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhang
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 450046, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Yanyan Ba
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 450046, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Su Wang
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 450046, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Huaixia Yang
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 450046, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Xuehui Hou
- Faculty of Science, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, 450046, Zhengzhou, PR China.
| | - Zhi Xu
- Huanghuai University, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zhumadian, PR China.
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Faghih-Mirzaei E, Sabouri S, Zeidabadinejad L, AbdolahRamazani S, Abaszadeh M, Khodadadi A, Shamsadinipour M, Jafari M, Pirhadi S. Metronidazole aryloxy, carboxy and azole derivatives: Synthesis, anti-tumor activity, QSAR, molecular docking and dynamics studies. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:305-314. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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7
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Bkhaitan MM, Alarjah M, Mirza AZ, Abdalla AN, El-Said HM, Faidah HS. Preparation and biological evaluation of metronidazole derivatives with monoterpenes and eugenol. Chem Biol Drug Des 2018; 92:1954-1962. [PMID: 30022596 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Two series of metronidazole derivatives (ester derivatives and ether derivatives) were prepared reacting metronidazole and its acetic acid oxidized form with menthol, thymol, carvacrol, and eugenol. Both series of compounds were tested in vitro against two strains of Helicobacter pylori (the ATCC 26695 and P12), and one strain of Clostridium (Clostridium perfringens). Most of the prepared compounds showed biological activity against the targeted bacteria. Compound 11 was highly active against all tested bacterial strains, especially against P12 with IC50 0.0011 μM/ml. Compound 6 was highly active against C. perfringens with MIC 0.0094 nM/ml. Viability test was conducted for compound 11 to test its selectivity for normal human fetal lung fibroblasts (MRC5), and it was found to be non-toxic with IC50 more than 50 μM/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majdi M Bkhaitan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alarjah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Agha Zeeshan Mirza
- Science and Technology Unit (STU), Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf N Abdalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamdi M El-Said
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani S Faidah
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Zalaru C, Dumitrascu F, Draghici C, Tarcomnicu I, Tatia R, Moldovan L, Chifiriuc MC, Lazar V, Marinescu M, Nitulescu MG, Ferbinteanu M. Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, DFT study and antimicrobial activity of novel alkylaminopyrazole derivatives. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.11.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Li ZZ, Gopala L, Tangadanchu VKR, Gao WW, Zhou CH. Discovery of novel nitroimidazole enols as Pseudomonas aeruginosa DNA cleavage agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:6511-6522. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, PR China
| | - Peng-Cheng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, PR China
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11
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Biology-oriented drug synthesis (BIODS): In vitro β-glucuronidase inhibitory and in silico studies on 2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethyl aryl carboxylate derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 125:1289-1299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Tazeem, Bhat AR, Han X, Athar F. Synthesis, Structure-Activity Relationship and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Methyl-Substituted Tetrazoloquinoline-Based Pyrazolinethioamides. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tazeem
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences; Jamia Millia Islamia (Central, University); New Delhi 110025 India
- State Key Laboratory of Virology; Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wuhan China 430071
| | - Abdul Roouf Bhat
- Department of Chemistry; S. P. College; M.A Road Srinagar- 190001 India
| | - Xin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Virology; Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wuhan China 430071
| | - Fareeda Athar
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences; Jamia Millia Islamia (Central, University); New Delhi 110025 India
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13
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Sun J, Wang S, Sheng GH, Lian ZM, Liu HY, Zhu HL. Synthesis of phenylpiperazine derivatives of 1,4-benzodioxan as selective COX-2 inhibitors and anti-inflammatory agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:5626-5632. [PMID: 27658794 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
1-((2,3-Dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)methyl)-4-substituted-phenylpiperazine moiety was prepared and has been found to be a new and selective ligand for the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). The biological activity of compound 3k as anti-inflammatory agent was further investigated both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, compound 3k exhibited the best anti-inflammatory activity among the eleven designed compounds with no toxicity, as determined by the ulcerogenic activity. Computational docking studies also showed that compound 3k has interaction with COX-2 key residues in the active site. Compound 3k maybe a new anti-inflammatory lead-candidate as powerful and novel non-ulcerogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Su Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Gui-Hua Sheng
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Zhi-Min Lian
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Han-Yu Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
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14
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Negi B, Kumar D, Kumbukgolla W, Jayaweera S, Ponnan P, Singh R, Agarwal S, Rawat DS. Anti-methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus activity, synergism with oxacillin and molecular docking studies of metronidazole-triazole hybrids. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 115:426-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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15
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Kalinowska-Lis U, Felczak A, Chęcińska L, Zawadzka K, Patyna E, Lisowska K, Ochocki J. Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of water-soluble silver(i) complexes of metronidazole drug and selected counter-ions. Dalton Trans 2016; 44:8178-89. [PMID: 25846722 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00403a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A series of water-soluble silver(i) complexes of the type [Ag(MTZ)2X] [MTZ = 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazole (metronidazole drug); X = NO3(-), ClO4(-), CF3COO(-), BF4(-) and CH3SO3(-)] was synthesised by the reactions of various Ag(i) salts with metronidazole (MTZ). All the complexes were characterized by ESI-MS spectrometry, solution NMR ((1)H and (13)C) and IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Further evidence for the formation and molecular structure of all the complexes was provided by X-ray single-crystal crystallography. The different counter ions affect the crystal packing of the complexes and thus have an impact on the final geometries. The antimicrobial activities of the complexes against two Gram-positive strains: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, three Gram-negative strains: Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Proteus hauseri ATCC 13315 and yeast Candida albicans ATCC 10231 were evaluated and compared with antibacterial and antifungal properties of appropriate silver salts, metronidazole and silver sulfadiazine drugs. The newly synthesized compounds exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, better than the referenced silver sulfadiazine. The best active silver(i)-metronidazole complex contains a methanesulphonate counter-ion. Moreover, the complex inhibited the growth of yeast Candida albicans at a concentration 3-fold lower than that required for silver sulfadiazine. In addition, the complexes containing a tetrafluoroborate and a perchlorate as counter-ions were characterized as effective antibacterial agents against the tested Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Kalinowska-Lis
- Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Łódź, Poland.
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16
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Design, synthesis and molecular docking of salicylic acid derivatives containing metronidazole as a new class of antimicrobial agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:6148-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Al-Alshaikh MA, El-Emam AA, Al-Deeb OA, Abdelbaky MSM, Garcia-Granda S. Crystal structures of 4-phenyl-piperazin-1-ium 6-chloro-5-ethyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-ide and 4-phenyl-piperazin-1-ium 6-chloro-5-isopropyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-ide. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2015; 71:956-9. [PMID: 26396765 PMCID: PMC4571366 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989015013298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The title mol-ecular salts, C10H15N2 (+)·C6H6ClN2O2 (-), (I), and C10H15N2 (+)·C7H8ClN2O2 (-), (II), consist of 4-phenyl-piperazin-1-ium cations with a 6-chloro-5-ethyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-ide anion in (I) and a 6-chloro-5-isopropyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-ide anion in (II). Salt (I) crystallizes with two independent cations and anions in the asymmetric unit. In the crystal structures of both salts, the ions are linked via N-H⋯O and N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming sheets which are parallel to (100) in (I) and to (001) in (II). In (I), the sheets are linked via C-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monirah A. Al-Alshaikh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A. El-Emam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar A. Al-Deeb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S. M. Abdelbaky
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Oviedo University-CINN, Oviedo 33006, Spain
| | - Santiago Garcia-Granda
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Oviedo University-CINN, Oviedo 33006, Spain
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18
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Piperazine scaffold: A remarkable tool in generation of diverse pharmacological agents. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 102:487-529. [PMID: 26310894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Piperazine is one of the most sought heterocyclics for the development of new drug candidates. This ring can be traced in a number of well established, commercially available drugs. Wide array of pharmacological activities exhibited by piperazine derivatives have made them indispensable anchors for the development of novel therapeutic agents. The review herein highlights the therapeutic significance of piperazine derivatives. Various therapeutically active piperazine derivatives developed by several chemists are reported here.
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Wang PF, Qiu HY, Ma JT, Yan XQ, Gong HB, Wang ZC, Zhu HL. Dihydropyrazoles containing morpholine: design, synthesis and bioassay testing as potent antimicrobial agents. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra15201h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of dihydropyrazole derivatives were designed and synthesized as antimicrobial agents. In both docking simulation and bioassay tests, these compounds showed potent S. aureus TyrRS enzyme inhibition activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- P. R. China
| | - Han-Yue Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- P. R. China
| | - Jun-Ting Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- P. R. China
| | - Hai-Bin Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- P. R. China
- Xuzhou Central Hospital
| | - Zhong-Chang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- P. R. China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- P. R. China
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