1
|
Villegas J, Ball BC, Shouse KM, VanArragon CW, Wasserman AN, Bhakta HE, Oliver AG, Orozco-Nunnelly DA, Pruet JM. Synthesis and biological evaluation of Argemone mexicana-inspired antimicrobials. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:1511-1524. [PMID: 37799174 PMCID: PMC10548253 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the lack of new antimicrobial drug discovery in recent years and an ever-growing prevalence of multidrug-resistant "superbugs", there is a pressing need to explore alternative ways to combat pathogenic bacterial and fungal infections. Building upon our previous work in the field of medicinal phytochemistry, the present study is focused on designing, synthesizing, and testing the altered bioactivity of new variants of two original bioactive molecules found in the Argemone mexicana plant. Herein, we report upon 14 variants of berberine and four variants of chelerythrine that have been screened against a pool of 12 microorganisms (five Gram-positive and four Gram-negative bacteria, and three fungi). Additionally, the crystal structures of two berberine variants are described. Several berberine variants show enhanced antibacterial activity compared to the unaltered plant-derived molecule. We also report promising preliminary tumor cytotoxicity effects for a number of the berberine derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Villegas
- Department of Chemistry, Valparaiso University, 1710 Chapel Dr, Valparaiso, IN 46383, USA
| | - Bryce C Ball
- Department of Chemistry, Valparaiso University, 1710 Chapel Dr, Valparaiso, IN 46383, USA
| | - Katelyn M Shouse
- Department of Biology, Valparaiso University, 1610 Campus Dr, Valparaiso, IN 46383, USA
| | - Caleb W VanArragon
- Department of Biology, Valparaiso University, 1610 Campus Dr, Valparaiso, IN 46383, USA
| | - Ashley N Wasserman
- Ivy Tech Community College, 410 E Columbus Dr, East Chicago, IN 46312, USA
| | - Hannah E Bhakta
- Department of Chemistry, Valparaiso University, 1710 Chapel Dr, Valparaiso, IN 46383, USA
| | - Allen G Oliver
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey M Pruet
- Department of Chemistry, Valparaiso University, 1710 Chapel Dr, Valparaiso, IN 46383, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Han ZQ, Wen LN. Application of G-quadruplex targets in gastrointestinal cancers: Advancements, challenges and prospects. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:1149-1173. [PMID: 37546556 PMCID: PMC10401460 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i7.1149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability and inflammation are considered to be two enabling characteristics that support cancer development and progression. G-quadruplex structure is a key element that contributes to genomic instability and inflammation. G-quadruplexes were once regarded as simply an obstacle that can block the transcription of oncogenes. A ligand targeting G-quadruplexes was found to have anticancer activity, making G-quadruplexes potential anticancer targets. However, further investigation has revealed that G-quadruplexes are widely distributed throughout the human genome and have many functions, such as regulating DNA replication, DNA repair, transcription, translation, epigenetics, and inflammatory response. G-quadruplexes play double regulatory roles in transcription and translation. In this review, we focus on G-quadruplexes as novel targets for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers. We summarize the application basis of G-quadruplexes in gastrointestinal cancers, including their distribution sites, structural characteristics, and physiological functions. We describe the current status of applications for the treatment of esophageal cancer, pancreatic cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, and gastrointestinal stromal tumors, as well as the associated challenges. Finally, we review the prospective clinical applications of G-quadruplex targets, providing references for targeted treatment strategies in gastrointestinal cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Qiang Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital, Beijing 102211, China
| | - Li-Na Wen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Synthesis of 5,6-Dihydrophenanthridines via Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Dehydrogenative Coupling of Two Aryl C−H Bonds. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062498. [PMID: 36985470 PMCID: PMC10055664 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
5,6-Dihydrophenanthridines are common aza heterocycle frameworks of natural products and pharmaceuticals. Herein, we reported the first palladium-catalyzed intramolecular C−H/C−H dehydrogenative coupling reaction of two simple arenes to generate 5,6-dihydrophenanthridines. The approach features a broad substrate scope and good tolerance of functional groups, offering an efficient alternative synthesis route for important 5,6-dihydrophenanthridine compounds.
Collapse
|
4
|
Harwood SJ, Palkowitz MD, Gannett CN, Perez P, Yao Z, Sun L, Abruña HD, Anderson SL, Baran PS. Modular terpene synthesis enabled by mild electrochemical couplings. Science 2022; 375:745-752. [PMID: 35175791 PMCID: PMC9248352 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn1395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of terpenes is a large field of research that is woven deeply into the history of chemistry. Terpene biosynthesis is a case study of how the logic of a modular design can lead to diverse structures with unparalleled efficiency. This work leverages modern nickel-catalyzed electrochemical sp2-sp3 decarboxylative coupling reactions, enabled by silver nanoparticle-modified electrodes, to intuitively assemble terpene natural products and complex polyenes by using simple modular building blocks. The step change in efficiency of this approach is exemplified through the scalable preparation of 13 complex terpenes, which minimized protecting group manipulations, functional group interconversions, and redox fluctuations. The mechanistic aspects of the essential functionalized electrodes are studied in depth through a variety of spectroscopic and analytical techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cara N. Gannett
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Paulo Perez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S. 1400 E., Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Zhen Yao
- Asymchem Life Sciences (Tianjin) Co., Ltd. No. 71, 7 Ave., TEDA Tianjin, 300457, P.R. China
| | - Lijie Sun
- Asymchem Life Sciences (Tianjin) Co., Ltd. No. 71, 7 Ave., TEDA Tianjin, 300457, P.R. China
| | - Hector D. Abruña
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA,Correspondence to: , ,
| | - Scott L. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S. 1400 E., Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA,Correspondence to: , ,
| | - Phil S. Baran
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Correspondence to: , ,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Erdoğan M, Polat Köse L, Eşsiz S, Gülçin İ. Synthesis and biological evaluation of some 1-naphthol derivatives as antioxidants, acetylcholinesterase, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 354:e2100113. [PMID: 34080709 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A series of some naphthol derivatives 4a-f, 5a,f, 6a, and 7a,b (six novel ones: 4c,d, 5a, 6a, 7a,b) bearing F, Cl, Br, OMe, and dioxole substituents at different positions of the aromatic rings was designed, synthesized, and characterized. The naphthol derivatives were synthesized in three steps, namely the addition reaction of furan via Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction, copper(II) trifluoromethanesulfonate (Cu(OTf)2 )-catalyzed aromatization reaction, and the bromination reaction, respectively. The structures of the newly obtained compounds (4c,d, 5a, 6a, 7a,b) were characterized by spectroscopic techniques. In addition, some biological activity studies were investigated under in vitro conditions. Inhibition studies of these compounds were performed on human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) I and II isoenzymes purified from human erythrocytes as a biological evaluation. Moreover, their potential antioxidant and antiradical activities were studied by analytical methods like ABTS•+ and DPPH• scavenging, and it was determined that some molecules showed good activity. Also, inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which is a marker of many degenerative neurological diseases, was tested and the results were discussed. Excellent enzyme inhibition results were recorded for most of the molecules. These 1-naphthol derivatives were found as effective inhibitors for hCA I, hCA II, and AChE with K i values ranging from 0.034 ± 0.54 to 0.724 ± 0.18 µM for hCA I, 0.172 ± 0.02 to 0.562 ± 0.21 µM for hCA II, and 0.096 ± 0.01 to 0.177 ± 0.02 µM for AChE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Musa Erdoğan
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Leyla Polat Köse
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Vocational School, Beykent University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selçuk Eşsiz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hakkari University, Hakkari, Turkey
| | - İlhami Gülçin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Natural products and analogs as preventive agents for metabolic syndrome via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: An overview. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 221:113535. [PMID: 33992930 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Natural products and synthetic analogs have drawn much attention as potential therapeutical drugs to treat metabolic syndrome. We reviewed the underlying mechanisms of 32 natural products and analogs with potential pharmacological effects in vitro, and especially in rodent models and/or patients, that usually act on the PPAR pathway, along with other molecular targets. Recent outstanding total syntheses or semisyntheses of these lead compounds are stated. In general, they can activate the transcriptional activity of PPARα, PPARγ, PPARα/γ, PPARβ/δ, PPARα/δ, PPARγ/δ and panPPAR as weak, partial agonists or selective PPARγ modulators (SPPARγM), which may be useful for managing obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), dyslipidemia and non-fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Terpenoids is the largest group of compounds that act as potential modulators on PPARs and are comprised from small lipophilic cannabinoids to lipophilic pentacyclic triterpenes and polar saponins. Shikimates-phenylpropanoids include polar heterocyclic flavonoids and phenolic compounds containing at least one C3-C6 unit and usually a double bond on the propyl chain. Quercetin (19), resveratrol (24) and curcumin (27), stand out from this group for exhibiting beneficial effects on patients. Alkaloids, the minor group of potential modulators on PPARs, include berberine (30), which has been widely explored in preclinical and clinical studies for its potential beneficial effects on T2D and dyslipidemia. However, large-scale clinical trials may be warranted for the promising compounds.
Collapse
|
7
|
Andreeva DV, Tikhomirov AS, Shchekotikhin AE. Ligands of G-quadruplex nucleic acids. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
8
|
Sadhukhan S, Santhi J, Baire B. The α,α‐Dihalocarbonyl Building Blocks: An Avenue for New Reaction Development in Organic Synthesis. Chemistry 2020; 26:7145-7175. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Santu Sadhukhan
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 India
| | - Jampani Santhi
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 India
| | - Beeraiah Baire
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Plazas E, Hagenow S, Avila Murillo M, Stark H, Cuca LE. Isoquinoline alkaloids from the roots of Zanthoxylum rigidum as multi-target inhibitors of cholinesterase, monoamine oxidase A and Aβ 1-42 aggregation. Bioorg Chem 2020; 98:103722. [PMID: 32155491 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Multifactorial neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) are considered a growing public health problem due the rising incidence and low effectiveness of current treatments [6]. Since pharmacotherapy based on a single target has been insufficient for drug development in complex diseases, the emerging multi-target approach is a promising strategy for the search of new anti-AD drug candidates. Herein described natural isoquinoline alkaloids were investigated for multi-target activity on key mechanisms associated with the AD's pathogenesis, i.e. cholinergic depletion, beta amyloid (Aβ) aggregation and oxidative stress. Alkaloid isolation from root extract of Zanthoxylum rigidum was carried out using multi-step chromatography and TLC-bioautography against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) giving eight purified isoquinoline alkaloids. Isolated compounds were tested for inhibitory activity against cholinesterase (AChE and BChE), monoamine oxidase (MAO-A and B) and Aβ aggregation. Our study revealed two benzophenanthridine alkaloids, nitidine (5) and avicine (7), as the most potent multi-target candidates. Both showed dual cholinesterase inhibition, being more active against AChE over BChE, with IC50 values in sub-micromolar range in AChE. Kinetic analysis with cholinesterase showed, that both compounds are reversible-mixed inhibitors, where avicine (7) presented highest potency with Ki values of 0.063 µM (EeAChE), 0.511 µM (HrAChE) and 0.123 µM (EqBChE). In addition, these alkaloids presented moderate Aβ1-42 anti-aggregation activity and MAO-A inhibition with IC50 values between 0.5 and 2 µM. Our findings suggest that avicine (7) is a promising natural compound and multifunctional candidate representing a suitable starting point for the development of new therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Plazas
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química, Grupo de Investigación en Productos Naturales Vegetales Bioactivos, Cr 30 N°45-03, 111321 Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Stefanie Hagenow
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Monica Avila Murillo
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química, Grupo de Investigación en Productos Naturales Vegetales Bioactivos, Cr 30 N°45-03, 111321 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Holger Stark
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Luis Enrique Cuca
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química, Grupo de Investigación en Productos Naturales Vegetales Bioactivos, Cr 30 N°45-03, 111321 Bogotá, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cui R, Ye J, Li J, Mo W, Gao Y, Chen H. Construction of Bisindolines via Oxidative Coupling Cyclization. Org Lett 2019; 22:116-119. [PMID: 31829021 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a general approach for the efficient construction of three-dimensional bisindolines via oxidative coupling cyclization in an intermolecular manner. This reaction is featured by its operational simplicity, metal-free conditions, lack of protecting group, and high selectivity. Notably, a wide range of anilines are suitable in this intermolecular cyclization, furnishing corresponding bisindolines in up to 98% yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Cui
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou , Fujian 350116 , China
| | - Jinxiang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou , Fujian 350116 , China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou , Fujian 350116 , China
| | - Wenhui Mo
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou , Fujian 350116 , China
| | - Yu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou , Fujian 350116 , China
| | - Haijun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou , Fujian 350116 , China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pramanik S, Jash M, Mondal D, Chowdhury C. Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 6
H
‐Dibenzo[
c,h
]chromenes and 5,6‐Dihydrobenzo[
c
]phenanthridines: Application to the Synthesis of Dibenzo[
c,h
]chromene‐6‐ones, Benzo[
c
]phenanthridines, and
Arnottin I. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhendu Pramanik
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry DivisionCSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road Kolkata- 700032 India
| | - Moumita Jash
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry DivisionCSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road Kolkata- 700032 India
| | - Debasmita Mondal
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry DivisionCSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road Kolkata- 700032 India
| | - Chinmay Chowdhury
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry DivisionCSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road Kolkata- 700032 India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Huang S, Liang Y, Cui J, Xie J, Liu Y, Hu B, Xiao Q. Comparative investigation of binding interactions with three steroidal derivatives of d(GGGT) 4 G-quadruplex aptamer. Steroids 2018; 132:46-55. [PMID: 29458054 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Steroidal derivatives have attracted tremendous attentions in biological and biomedical areas, due to their variety biological activities. The investigation of structural influences helps in understanding their biological activities. The interactions of steroidal derivatives with DNA may play important roles in biological activities, however only a few investigations were reported on this issue. Herein, the structural influences of three steroidal derivatives were investigated based on their binding interactions with d(GGGT)4 G-quadruplex aptamer by spectroscopic approaches, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electrochemical methods, and molecular modeling techniques. Three compounds were found to selectively bind with parallel G-quadruplex aptamer to form three complexes through end-stacking binding modes. Three compounds stabilized the G-quadruplex structure of the aptamer at different levels, which enhanced the biological activity of this aptamer to some extent. The space steric hindrance was responsible for differences in the binding interactions between d(GGGT)4 G-quadruplex aptamer and three compounds. These results provide new information for the molecular understanding of binding interactions of steroidal derivatives with DNA and the strategy for research of structural influences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Huang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning 530001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization (Guangxi Teachers Education University), Ministry of Education, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Yu Liang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Jianguo Cui
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning 530001, PR China.
| | - Jiangning Xie
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Yi Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning 530001, PR China; College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Baoqing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization (Guangxi Teachers Education University), Ministry of Education, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Qi Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning 530001, PR China; College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China; Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization (Guangxi Teachers Education University), Ministry of Education, Nanning 530001, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mild C(sp 3)-H functionalization of dihydrosanguinarine and dihydrochelerythrine for development of highly cytotoxic derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2017. [PMID: 28641156 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of C(6)-substituted dihydrobenzo[c]phenanthridines were synthesized by mild copper-catalyzed C(sp3)-H functionalization of dihydrosanguinarine (2) and dihydrochelerythrine (3) with certain nucleophiles selected to enhance cytotoxicity against human breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer cell lines. We also investigated the cytotoxicity of our previously reported C(6)-functionalized N-methyl-5,6-dihydrobenzo[c]phenanthridines 1a-1e to perform structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies. Among the target compounds, five β-aminomalonates (1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, and 3b), one α-aminophosphonate (2c), and one nitroalkyl derivative (2h) exhibited half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values in the range of 0.6-8.2 μM. Derivatives 1b, 2b and 2h showed the lowest IC50 values, with 2b being the most potent with values comparable to those of the positive control doxorubicin. On the basis of their IC50 values, derivatives 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 2h, and 3b were selected to evaluate the apoptotic PC-3 cell death at 10 μM by flow cytometry using propidium iodide and fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated Annexin V dual staining. The results indicated that the cytotoxic activity of the tested compounds in PC-3 cells is due to the induction of apoptosis, with 1a and 2h being the most active (55% of early apoptosis induction). Our preliminary SAR study showed that the incorporation of specific malonic esters, dialkyl phosphites and nitro alkanes on scaffolds 1-3 significantly enhanced their cytotoxic properties. Moreover, it appears that the electron donating 7,8-methylenedioxy group allowed derivatives of 2 to exhibit higher cytotoxicity than derivatives of 1 and 3. The present results suggest that derivatives 2b and 2h may be considered as potential lead compounds for the development of new anticancer agents.
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang C, An D, Guan X, Fan Y, Liu G, Zhang G, Zhang S. Organocatalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of 6-Aryl-5,6-dihydrophenanthridines by a Modified Pictet-Spengler Reaction of Biphenyl-2-amines and Aromatic Aldehydes. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoceng Wang
- College of Chemistry; Jilin University; 130012 Changchun P. R. China
| | - Dong An
- College of Chemistry; Jilin University; 130012 Changchun P. R. China
| | - Xukai Guan
- College of Chemistry; Jilin University; 130012 Changchun P. R. China
| | - Yansen Fan
- College of Chemistry; Jilin University; 130012 Changchun P. R. China
| | - Guofeng Liu
- College of Chemistry; Jilin University; 130012 Changchun P. R. China
| | - Guangliang Zhang
- College of Chemistry; Jilin University; 130012 Changchun P. R. China
| | - Suoqin Zhang
- College of Chemistry; Jilin University; 130012 Changchun P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bhartiya D, Chawla V, Ghosh S, Shankar R, Kumar N. Genome-wide regulatory dynamics of G-quadruplexes in human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Genomics 2016; 108:224-231. [PMID: 27789319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The AT-rich genome of P. falciparum has uniquely localized G-rich stretches that have propensity to form G-quadruplexes. However, their global occurrence and potential biological roles in the parasite are poorly explored. Our genome-wide analysis revealed unique enrichment of quadruplexes in P. falciparum genome which was remarkably different from other Plasmodium species. A distinct predominance of quadruplexes was observed in nuclear and organellar genes that participate in antigenic variation, pathogenesis, DNA/RNA regulation, metabolic and protein quality control processes. Data also suggested association of quadruplexes with SNPs and DNA methylation. Furthermore, analysis of steady state mRNA (RNA-seq) and polysome-associated mRNA (Ribosome profiling) data revealed stage-specific differences in translational efficiency of quadruplex harboring genes. Taken together, our findings hint towards existence of regulatory dynamics associated with quadruplexes that may modulate translational efficiency of quadruplex harboring genes to provide survival advantage to the parasite against host immune response and antimalarial drug pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Bhartiya
- ICMR-Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology, Noida 201301, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vandna Chawla
- CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sourav Ghosh
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road Campus, Delhi 110020, India
| | - Ravi Shankar
- CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Delhi, India
| | - Niti Kumar
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|