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Mobeen B, Shah M, Rehman HM, Jan MS, Rashid U. Discovery of the selective and nanomolar inhibitor of DPP-4 more potent than sitagliptin by structure-guided rational design. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 279:116834. [PMID: 39265251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 09/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
Various therapeutic targets and approaches are commonly employed in the management of Type 2 Diabetes. These encompass diverse groups of drugs that target different mechanisms involved in glucose regulation. Inhibition of the DPP-4 enzyme has been proven an excellent target for antidiabetic drug design. Our previous work on discovering multitarget antidiabetic drugs led to the identification of a gallic acid-thiazolidinedione hybrid as a potent DPP4 inhibitor (IC50 = 36 nM). In current research, our efforts resulted in a new dihydropyrimidine-based scaffold with enhanced DPP4 inhibition potential. After virtual evaluation, the designed molecules with excellent interaction patterns and binding energy values were synthesized in the wet laboratory. The inhibition potential of synthesized compounds was assessed against the DPP-4 enzyme. Compound 46 with single digit IC50 value 2 nM exhibited 4-fold and 18-fold higher activity than Sitagliptin and our previously reported hybrid respectively. Moreover, compounds 46, 47 and 50 have shown manyfold selectivity against DPP8 and DPP9. Further pretreatment with compounds 43, 45-47 and 50 (at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg) in OGTT conducted on rats resulted in a significant decrease in the serum glucose levels compared to the control group. In the long-term STZ-induced diabetic rats, tested compound 50 performed similarly to the reference drug. Molecular dynamics simulations and in-silico molecular docking studies were employed to elucidate the time-dependent interactions of inhibitors within the active sites of DPP4. The compounds examined in this work might serve as a possible lead in the development of effective diabetic mellitus treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Mobeen
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060 Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shah
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060 Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Muzzammel Rehman
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saeed Jan
- Department of Pharmacy, Bacha Khan University, 24420, Charsadda, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Umer Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060 Abbottabad, Pakistan.
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2
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Chung CY, Tseng CC, Li SM, Zeng WZ, Lin YC, Hu YP, Jiang WP, Huang GJ, Tsai HJ, Wong FF. Synthesis of β-Amino Carbonyl 6-(Aminomethyl)- and 6-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrazolopyrimidines for DPP-4 Inhibition Study. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:3380-3396. [PMID: 35702778 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220614094305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type-2 diabetes is a chronic progressive metabolic disease resulting in severe vascular complications and mortality risk. Recently, DPP-4 inhibitors had been conceived as a favorable class of agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes due to the minimal side effects. METHODS Sitagliptin is the first medicine approved for the DPP-4 inhibitor. Its structure involved three fragments: 2,4,5-triflorophenyl fragment pharmacophore, enantiomerically β-amino carbonyl linker, and tetrahydrotriazolopyridine. Herein, we are drawn to the possibility of substituting tetrahydrotriazolopyridine motif present in Sitagliptin with a series of new fused pyrazolopyrimidine bicyclic fragment to investigate potency and safety. RESULTS Two series of fused 6-(aminomethyl)pyrazolopyrimidine and 6-(hydroxymethyl) pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives containing β-amino ester or amide as linkers were successfully designed for the new DPP-4 inhibitors. Most fused 6-methylpyrazolopyrimidines were evaluated against DPP-4 inhibition and selectivity capacity. Based on research study, β-amino carbonyl fused 6-(hydroxymethyl)pyrazolopyrimidine possesses the significant DPP-4 inhibition (IC50 ≤ 59.8 nM) and presents similar with Sitagliptin (IC50 = 28 nM). Particularly, they had satisfactory selectivity over DPP-8 and DPP-9, except for QPP. CONCLUSION β-Amino esters and amides fused 6-(hydroxymethyl)pyrazolopyrimidine were developed as the new DPP-4 inhibitors. Those compounds with a methyl group or hydrogen in N-1 position and methyl substituted group in C-3 of pyrazolopyrimidine moiety showed better potent DPP-4 inhibition (IC50 = 21.4-59.8 nM). Furthermore, they had satisfactory selectivity over DPP-8 and DPP-9 Finally, the docking results revealed that compound 9n was stabilized at DPP-4 active site and would be a potential lead drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yen Chung
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chun Tseng
- Phd Program for Biotech Pharmaceutical Industry, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Min Li
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zheng Zeng
- Master Program for Pharmaceutical Manufacture, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung Taiwan
| | - Yu-Pei Hu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ping Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Jhong Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Henry J Tsai
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Fung Fuh Wong
- Phd Program for Biotech Pharmaceutical Industry, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
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Abubakar M, Nama L, Ansari MA, Ansari MM, Bhardwaj S, Daksh R, Syamala KLV, Jamadade MS, Chhabra V, Kumar D, Kumar N. GLP-1/GIP Agonist as an Intriguing and Ultimate Remedy for Combating Alzheimer's Disease through its Supporting DPP4 Inhibitors: A Review. Curr Top Med Chem 2024; 24:1635-1664. [PMID: 38803170 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266293416240515075450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a widespread neurological illness in the elderly, which impacted about 50 million people globally in 2020. Type 2 diabetes has been identified as a risk factor. Insulin and incretins are substances that have various impacts on neurodegenerative processes. Preclinical research has shown that GLP-1 receptor agonists decrease neuroinflammation, tau phosphorylation, amyloid deposition, synaptic function, and memory formation. Phase 2 and 3 studies are now occurring in Alzheimer's disease populations. In this article, we present a detailed assessment of the therapeutic potential of GLP-1 analogues and DPP4 inhibitors in Alzheimer's disease. AIM This study aimed to gain insight into how GLP-1 analogues and associated antagonists of DPP4 safeguard against AD. METHODS This study uses terms from search engines, such as Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar, to explore the role, function, and treatment options of the GLP-1 analogue for AD. RESULTS The review suggested that GLP-1 analogues may be useful for treating AD because they have been linked to anti-inflammatory, neurotrophic, and neuroprotective characteristics. Throughout this review, we discuss the underlying causes of AD and how GLP signaling functions. CONCLUSION With a focus on AD, the molecular and pharmacological effects of a few GLP-1/GIP analogs, both synthetic and natural, as well as DPP4 inhibitors, have been mentioned, which are in the preclinical and clinical studies. This has been demonstrated to improve cognitive function in Alzheimer's patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abubakar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institution of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali, 844102, Bihar, India
| | - Lokesh Nama
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institution of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali, 844102, Bihar, India
| | - Mohammad Arif Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institution of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali, 844102, Bihar, India
| | - Mohammad Mazharuddin Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institution of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali, 844102, Bihar, India
| | - Shivani Bhardwaj
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institution of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali, 844102, Bihar, India
| | - Rajni Daksh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institution of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali, 844102, Bihar, India
| | - Katta Leela Venkata Syamala
- Department of Regulatory and Toxicology, National Institution of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali, 844102, Bihar, India
| | - Mohini Santosh Jamadade
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institution of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali, 844102, Bihar, India
| | - Vishal Chhabra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institution of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali, 844102, Bihar, India
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411038, India
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institution of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali, 844102, Bihar, India
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Saini K, Sharma S, Khan Y. DPP-4 inhibitors for treating T2DM - hype or hope? an analysis based on the current literature. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1130625. [PMID: 37287751 PMCID: PMC10242023 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1130625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
DPP-4 inhibition is an interesting line of therapy for treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and is based on promoting the incretin effect. Here, the authors have presented a brief appraisal of DPP-4 inhibitors, their modes of action, and the clinical efficiency of currently available drugs based on DPP-4 inhibitors. The safety profiles as well as future directions including their potential application in improving COVID-19 patient outcomes have also been discussed in detail. This review also highlights the existing queries and evidence gaps in DPP-4 inhibitor research. Authors have concluded that the excitement surrounding DPP-4 inhibitors is justified because in addition to controlling blood glucose level, they are good at managing risk factors associated with diabetes.
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Ambhore JP, Laddha PS, Kide AA, Ajmire PV, Chumbhale DS, Navghare AB, Kuchake VG, Chaudhari PJ, Adhao VS. Medicinal Chemistry of Non-peptidomimetic Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPP IV) Inhibitors for Treatment of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus: Insights on Recent Development. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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6
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Rusinov VL, Sapozhnikova IM, Spasov AA, Chupakhin ON. Fused azoloazines with antidiabetic activity. Russ Chem Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-022-3687-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
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7
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Alam MS, Uddin MS, Shamsuddin T, Rubayed M, Sharmin T, Akter R, Hosen SMZ. Repurposing of existing antibiotics for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. In Silico Pharmacol 2022; 10:4. [PMID: 35273901 PMCID: PMC8898203 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-021-00118-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Proline specific serine protease enzyme, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) has become a promising target for diabetes, as it stops glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) from becoming inactive, resulting in higher levels of active GLP-1. This lowers glucose levels by increasing insulin secretion and decreasing glucagon secretion. DPP-4 is also linked to a higher BMI and a 0.7 to 1% reduction in HbA1c. Currently available DPP-4 inhibitor drugs showed less promising anti-diabetic activity as this class associated with many side effects due to non-selectivity and therefore searching on more potent DPP-4 inhibitors are still ongoing. In our present study, we investigate the inhibition of DPP-4 through a series of antibiotic compounds which were previously reported to be used in diabetic foot infections and compared with existing DPP-4 inhibitors. To obtain this objective, three-dimensional crystal structure of DPP-4 was retrieved from the protein data bank (PDB id: 1 × 70). A systematic computational method combining molecular docking, MM-GBSA binding energy calculation, MD simulations, MM-PBSA binding free energy calculations and ADME were used to find best DPP-4 inhibitor. Molecular docking results revealed that clindamycin has a higher affinity towards the catalytic sides of DPP-4 and built solid hydrophobic and polar interactions with the amino acids involved in the binding region of DPP-4, such as S1 subsite, S2 subsite and S2 extensive subsite. MD simulations results showed clindamycin as potent virtual hit and suggested that it binds with DPP-4 in competitive manner, which virtually indicate that besides antibiotic activity clindamycin has anti-diabetic activity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40203-021-00118-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shaiful Alam
- Molecular Modeling Drug-Design and Discovery Laboratory, Pharmacology Research Division, BCSIR Laboratories, Chattogram, 4220 Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology Chittagong, Chattogram, 4202 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sohorab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, 4331 Bangladesh
| | - Tahmida Shamsuddin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, 4331 Bangladesh
| | - Maruf Rubayed
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology Chittagong, Chattogram, 4202 Bangladesh
| | - Tania Sharmin
- Molecular Modeling Drug-Design and Discovery Laboratory, Pharmacology Research Division, BCSIR Laboratories, Chattogram, 4220 Bangladesh
| | - Rasheda Akter
- Molecular Modeling Drug-Design and Discovery Laboratory, Pharmacology Research Division, BCSIR Laboratories, Chattogram, 4220 Bangladesh
| | - S. M. Zahid Hosen
- Molecular Modeling Drug-Design and Discovery Laboratory, Pharmacology Research Division, BCSIR Laboratories, Chattogram, 4220 Bangladesh
- Pancreatic Research Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, South Western Sydney Clinical School, The University of New South Wales 2170, Sydney, Australia
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8
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Kumar S, Mittal A, Mittal A. A review upon medicinal perspective and designing rationale of DPP-4 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 46:116354. [PMID: 34428715 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is one of the highly prevalence disorder and increasing day by day worldwidely. T2DM is a metabolic disorder, which is characterized by deficiency in insulin or resistance to insulin and thus increases the glucose levels in the blood. Various approaches are there to treat diabetes but still there is no cure for this disease. DPP-4 inhibitor is a privileged target in the field of drug discovery and provides various opportunities in exploring this target for development of molecules as antidiabetic agents. DPP-4 acts by inhibiting the incretin action and thus decreases the level of blood glucose by imparting minimal side effects. Sitagliptin, vildagliptin, linagliptin etc. are the different DPP-4 based drugs approved throughout the world for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Cyanopyrrolidines, triazolopiperazine amide, pyrrolidines are basic core nucleus present in various DPP-4 inhibitors and has potential effects. In the past few years, researchers had applied various approaches to synthesize potent DPP-4 inhibitors as antidiabetic agent without side effects like weight gain, cardiovascular risks, retinopathy etc. This review will also emphasize the recent strategies and rationale utilized by researchers for the development of DPP-4 inhibitors. This review also reveals about the various other approaches like molecular modelling, ligand based drug designing, high throughput screening etc. are used by the various research group for the development of potential DPP-4 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Kumar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, PCTE Group of Institutes, Campus-2, Near Baddowal Cantt. Ferozepur Road, Ludhiana 142021, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road (NH-1), Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Anu Mittal
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University College, Patti, Distt. Tarn Taran, India
| | - Amit Mittal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road (NH-1), Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India.
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Fuh MT, Tseng CC, Li SM, Tsai SE, Chuang TJ, Lu CH, Yang YC, Tsai HJ, Wong FF. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of glycolamide, glycinamide, and β-amino carbonyl 1,2,4-triazole derivatives as DPP-4 inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2021; 114:105049. [PMID: 34147879 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Through modification of the skeleton of Sitagliptin and Vildagliptin, we successfully synthesized and built-up four series of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives, containing N,O-disubstituted glycolamide, N,N'-disubstituted glycinamide, β-amino ester, and β-amino amide as linkers, for the development of new dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors. The synthetic strategy for glycolamides or glycinamides involved convenient two-steps reaction: functionalized transformation of 2-chloro-N-(2,4,5-triflurophenyl)acetamide 9 (hydroxylation or amination) and esterification or amidation of 1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxylic acid. On the other hand, the one-pot synthesis procedure, including substitution and deprotection, was developed for the preparation of β-amino carbonyl 1,2,4-triazoles from (1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methanol 12 or (1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methanamine 13 and Boc-(R)-3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluoro-phenyl)-butyric acid 14. All of glycolamides, glycinamides, and β-amino carbonyl 1,2,4-triazoles were also evaluated against DPP-4 inhibitory activity. Based on the SAR study of DPP-4 inhibitory capacity, β-amino ester 5n and β-amino amide 1,2,4-triazoles 6d and 6p possessed the significant inhibition of DPP-4 (IC50 < 51.0 nM), particularly for compound 6d (IC50 = 34.4 nM). The selectivity evaluation indicated compound 5n and 6p had excellent selectivity over QPP, DPP-8, and DPP-9. In addition, the docking results revealed compounds 5n and 6p provided stronger π-π stacking interaction with residue Phe357 than 1,5-disubstituted 1,2,4-triazole 6d and Sitagliptin 1. In summary, compounds 5n and 6p could be promising lead compounds for further development of DPP-4 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Tsu Fuh
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chun Tseng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program for Biotech Pharmaceutical Industry, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Min Li
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Shuo-En Tsai
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program for Biotech Pharmaceutical Industry, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jui Chuang
- Master Program for Pharmaceutical Manufacture, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Lu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chen Yang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Henry J Tsai
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Fung Fuh Wong
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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Syam YM, Anwar MM, Abd El-Karim SS, Elseginy SA, Essa BM, Sakr TM. New quinoxaline compounds as DPP-4 inhibitors and hypoglycemics: design, synthesis, computational and bio-distribution studies. RSC Adv 2021; 11:36989-37010. [PMID: 35494381 PMCID: PMC9043576 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06799k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The current work represents the design and synthetic approaches of a new set of compounds 6–10 bearing the 1,4-dimethyl-2,3-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxaline-6-sulfonamide scaffold. The biological evaluation revealed that most of the new compounds were promising selective dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitors and in vivo hypoglycemic agents utilizing linagliptin as a standard drug. The acute toxicity examination confirmed the safety profile of all compounds. Molecular docking studies related the significant DPP-4 suppression activity of compounds 9a, 10a, 10f, 10g to their nice fitting in the active pocket of DPP-4. In addition, the molecular dynamic study exhibited the stability of both 10a and 10g within the active site of DPP-4. The QSAR study showed that the difference between the predicted activities is very close to the experimental suppression effect. Moreover, both compounds 10a and 10g obeyed Lipinski's rule, indicating their efficient oral bioavailability. Compound 10a was radiolabeled, forming the 131I-SQ compound 10a to study the pharmacokinetic profile of this set of compounds. The biodistribution pattern hit the target protein since the tracer accumulated mainly in the visceral organs where DPP-4 is secreted in a high-level, thus with consequent stimulation of insulin secretion, leading to the target hypoglycemic effect. The current work represents the design and synthetic approaches of a new set of compounds 6–10 bearing the 1,4-dimethyl-2,3-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxaline-6-sulfonamide scaffold.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin M. Syam
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Manal M. Anwar
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Somaia S. Abd El-Karim
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Samia A. Elseginy
- Green Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Basma M. Essa
- Radioactive Isotopes and Generator Department, Hot Laboratories Centre, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), P.O. Box 13759, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tamer M. Sakr
- Radioactive Isotopes and Generator Department, Hot Laboratories Centre, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), P.O. Box 13759, Cairo, Egypt
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11
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Shen J, Deng X, Sun R, Tavallaie MS, Wang J, Cai Q, Lam C, Lei S, Fu L, Jiang F. Structural optimization of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives as potent and highly selective DPP-4 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 208:112850. [PMID: 32987315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Our previous discovery of pyrazolo [1,5-a]pyrimidin-7(4H)-one scaffold-based DPP-4 inhibitors yielded two potent compounds b2 (IC50 = 79 nM) and d1 (IC50 = 49 nM) but characterized by cytotoxicity. Herein, with scaffold hopping and fragment-based drug design strategies, highly potent and selective pyrazolo [1,5-a]pyrimidine DPP-4 inhibitors were found featured by reduced or diminished cytotoxicity. Specifically, c24 (IC50 = 2 nM) exhibits a 25 to 40-fold increase of inhibitory activity respect to those of b2 and d1, respectively, 2-fold from Alogliptin (IC50 = 4 nM), and remarkable selectivity over DPP-8 and DPP-9 (>2000 fold). Further docking studies confirmed that the pyrazolo [1,5-a]pyrimidine core interacts with the S1 pocket whereas its substituted aromatic ring interacts with the sub-S1 pocket. The interactive mode in this case resembles that of Alogliptin and Trelagliptin. Further in vivo IPGTT assays in diabetic mice demonstrated that c24 effectively reduces glucose excursion by 48% at the dose of 10 mg/kg, suggesting that c24 is worthy of further development as a potent anti-diabetes agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd. Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, PR China; Viva Biotech Ltd. (Shanghai), No. 334 Aidisheng Rd., Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Xinxian Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd. Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Ran Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd. Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Mojdeh S Tavallaie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd. Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Juntao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd. Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Qingqing Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, No. 250 Xiaomuqiao Rd. Shanghai, 200032, Xuhui District, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Celine Lam
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd. Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Shuwen Lei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd. Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Lei Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd. Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
| | - Faqin Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd. Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
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12
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Zhang C, Ye F, Wang J, He P, Lei M, Huang L, Huang A, Tang P, Lin H, Liao Y, Liang Y, Ni J, Yan P. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of a Series of Novel Super Long-Acting DPP-4 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. J Med Chem 2020; 63:7108-7126. [PMID: 32452679 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, a novel series of trifluoromethyl-substituted tetrahydropyran derivatives were rationally designed and synthesized as potent DPP-4 inhibitors with significantly improved duration time of action over current commercially available DPP-4 inhibitors. The incorporation of the trifluoromethyl group on the 6-position of the tetrahydropyran ring of omarigliptin with the configuration of (2R,3S,5R,6S) not only significantly improves the overall pharmacokinetic profiles in mice but also maintains comparable DPP-4 inhibition activities. Further preclinical development of compound 2 exhibited its extraordinary efficacy in vivo and good safety profile. Clinical studies of compound 2 (Haisco HSK7653) are now ongoing in China, which revealed that inhibitor 2 could serve as an efficient candidate with a once-biweekly therapeutic regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Haisco Pharmaceutical Group Company Ltd., 136 Baili Road, Wenjiang district, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Fei Ye
- Haisco Pharmaceutical Group Company Ltd., 136 Baili Road, Wenjiang district, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Haisco Pharmaceutical Group Company Ltd., 136 Baili Road, Wenjiang district, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ping He
- Haisco Pharmaceutical Group Company Ltd., 136 Baili Road, Wenjiang district, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ming Lei
- Haisco Pharmaceutical Group Company Ltd., 136 Baili Road, Wenjiang district, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Longbin Huang
- Haisco Pharmaceutical Group Company Ltd., 136 Baili Road, Wenjiang district, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Anbang Huang
- Haisco Pharmaceutical Group Company Ltd., 136 Baili Road, Wenjiang district, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Pingming Tang
- Haisco Pharmaceutical Group Company Ltd., 136 Baili Road, Wenjiang district, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hongjun Lin
- Haisco Pharmaceutical Group Company Ltd., 136 Baili Road, Wenjiang district, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuting Liao
- Haisco Pharmaceutical Group Company Ltd., 136 Baili Road, Wenjiang district, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Haisco Pharmaceutical Group Company Ltd., 136 Baili Road, Wenjiang district, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jia Ni
- Haisco Pharmaceutical Group Company Ltd., 136 Baili Road, Wenjiang district, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Pangke Yan
- Haisco Pharmaceutical Group Company Ltd., 136 Baili Road, Wenjiang district, Chengdu 611130, China
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13
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Drug discovery approaches targeting the incretin pathway. Bioorg Chem 2020; 99:103810. [PMID: 32325333 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Incretin pathway plays an important role in the development of diabetes medications. Interventions in DPP-4 and GLP-1 receptor have shown remarkable efficacy in experimental and clinical studies and imperatively become one of the most promising therapeutic approaches in the T2DM drug discovery pipeline. Herein, we analyzed the actionmechanismsof DPP-4 and GLP-1 receptor targeting the incretin pathway in T2DM treatment. We gave an insight into the structural requirements for the potent DPP-4 inhibitors and revealed a classification of DPP-4 inhibitors by stressing on the binding modes of these ligands to the enzyme. We then reviewed the drug discovery strategies for the development of peptide and non-peptide GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs). Furthermore, the drug design strategies for DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1R agonists were detailed accurately. This review might provide an efficient evidence for the highly potent and selective DPP-4 inhibitors and the GLP-1 RAs, as novel medicines for patients suffering from T2DM.
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14
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Dowarah J, Singh VP. Anti-diabetic drugs recent approaches and advancements. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115263. [PMID: 32008883 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the major diseases worldwide and is the third leading cause of death in the United States. Anti-diabetic drugs are used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus to control glucose levels in the blood. Most of the drugs are administered orally, except for a few of them, such as insulin, exenatide, and pramlintide. In this review, we are going to discuss seven major types of anti-diabetic drugs: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitors, aldose reductase inhibitors, α-glucosidase inhibitors, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors, G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists and sodium-glucose co-transporter (SGLT) inhibitors. Here, we are also discussing some of the recently reported anti-diabetic agents with its multi-target pharmacological actions. This review summarises recent approaches and advancement in anti-diabetes treatment concerning characteristics, structure-activity relationships, functional mechanisms, expression regulation, and applications in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Dowarah
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796004, Mizoram, India
| | - Ved Prakash Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796004, Mizoram, India.
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15
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Lin SR, Chang CH, Tsai MJ, Cheng H, Chen JC, Leong MK, Weng CF. The perceptions of natural compounds against dipeptidyl peptidase 4 in diabetes: from in silico to in vivo. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2019; 10:2040622319875305. [PMID: 31555430 PMCID: PMC6753520 DOI: 10.1177/2040622319875305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4), an incretin glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) degrading enzyme, contains two forms and it can exert various physiological functions particular in controlling blood glucose through the action of GLP-1. In diabetic use, the DPP-4 inhibitor can block the DDP-4 to attenuate GLP-1 degradation and prolong GLP-1 its action and sensitize insulin activity for the purpose of lowering blood glucose. Nonetheless the adverse effects of DPP-4 inhibitors severely hinder their clinical applications, and notably there is a clinical demand for novel DPP-4 inhibitors from various sources including chemical synthesis, herbs, and plants with fewer side effects. In this review, we highlight various strategies, namely computational biology (in silico), in vitro enzymatic and cell assays, and in vivo animal tests, for seeking natural DPP-4 inhibitors from botanic sources including herbs and plants. The pros and cons of all approaches for new inhibitor candidates or hits will be under discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shian-Ren Lin
- Department of Life Science and Institute of
Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien
| | - Chia-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Life Science and Institute of
Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien
| | - May-Jwan Tsai
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Neurological
Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Beitou, Taipei
| | - Henrich Cheng
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Neurological
Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Beitou, Taipei
| | - Jian-Chyi Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan
University of Science and Technology, Yungkang, Tainan
| | - Max K. Leong
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa
University, No.1, Sec.2, Da-Hsueh Road, Shoufeng, Hualien, 97401,
Taiwan
| | - Ching-Feng Weng
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Center for
Transitional Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361023, China
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16
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Anti-diabetic potential of Pueraria lobata root extract through promoting insulin signaling by PTP1B inhibition. Bioorg Chem 2019; 87:12-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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