1
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Khan FM, Abbasi MA, Rehman AU, Siddiqui SZ, Sadiq Butt AR, Raza H, Hassan M, Ali Shah SA, Shahid M, Kim SJ. Design of potent tyrosinase inhibiting N-arylated-4-yl-benzamides bearing 2-aminothiazole-triazole bi-heterocycles: mechanistic insight through enzyme inhibition, kinetics and computational studies. RSC Adv 2024; 14:16546-16559. [PMID: 38774615 PMCID: PMC11106707 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01063a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
By using a convergent methodology, a unique series of N-arylated 4-yl-benzamides containing a bi-heterocyclic thiazole-triazole core was synthesized and the structures of these hybrid molecules, 9a-k, were corroborated through spectral analyses. The in vitro studies of these multi-functional molecules demonstrated their potent mushroom tyrosinase inhibition relative to the standard used. The kinetics mechanism was exposed by lineweaver-burk plots which revealed that, 9c, inhibited mushroom tyrosinase non-competitively by forming an enzyme-inhibitor complex. The inhibition constant Ki calculated from Dixon plots for this compound was 0.016 μM. The computational study was also consistent with the experimental results and these molecules disclosed good results of all scoring functions and interactions, which suggested a good binding to mushroom tyrosinase. So, it was predicted from the inferred results that these molecules might be considered as promising medicinal scaffolds for the diseases associated with the over-expression of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Mahmood Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Lahore 54000 Pakistan (+92)-42-111000010 Ext. 266
| | - Muhammad Athar Abbasi
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Lahore 54000 Pakistan (+92)-42-111000010 Ext. 266
| | - Aziz-Ur Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Lahore 54000 Pakistan (+92)-42-111000010 Ext. 266
| | - Sabahat Zahra Siddiqui
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Lahore 54000 Pakistan (+92)-42-111000010 Ext. 266
| | - Abdul Rehman Sadiq Butt
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Lahore 54000 Pakistan (+92)-42-111000010 Ext. 266
| | - Hussain Raza
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kongju National University Gongju 32588 South Korea
| | - Mubashir Hassan
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children Hospital Columbus Ohio 43205 USA
| | - Syed Adnan Ali Shah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam Bandar Puncak Alam Selangor 42300 Malaysia
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam Bandar Puncak Alam Selangor 42300 Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38040 Pakistan
| | - Song Ja Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kongju National University Gongju 32588 South Korea
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2
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Zeb A, Abbasi MA, Aziz-Ur-Rehman, Siddiqui SZ, Hassan M, Javed Q, Rafiq M, Ali A, Shah SAA, Kloczkowski A. Synthesis, Kinetics and Computational Explorations of 4-Phenylpiperazine Bearing N-(Aryl)-3-substituted-benzamides as Auspicious Tyrosinase Inhibitors. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400133. [PMID: 38363553 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
In the aimed research study, a new series of N-(aryl)-3-[(4-phenyl-1-piperazinyl)methyl]benzamides was synthesized, which was envisaged as tyrosinase inhibitor. The structures of these newly designed molecules were verified by IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, EI-MS and CHN analysis data. These molecules were screened against tyrosinase and their inhibitory activity explored that these 3-substituted-benzamides exhibit good to excellent potential, comparative to the standard. The Kinetics mechanism was investigated through Lineweaver-Burk plots which depicted that molecules inhibited this enzyme in a competitive mode. Moreover, molecular docking was also performed to determine the binding interaction of all synthesized molecules (ligands) with the active site of tyrosinase enzyme and the results showed that most of the ligands exhibited efficient binding energy values. Therefore, it is anticipated that these molecules might serve as auspicious therapeutic scaffolds for treatment of the tyrosinase associated skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurang Zeb
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore-54000, Pakistan
| | | | - Aziz-Ur-Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore-54000, Pakistan
| | | | - Mubashir Hassan
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, 43205, USA
| | - Qamar Javed
- Department of Zoology, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur, 10250 (AJK), Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rafiq
- Department of Physiology & Biochemistry, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Anser Ali
- Department of Zoology, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur, 10250 (AJK), Pakistan
| | - Syed Adnan Ali Shah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan, Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam, 42300, Selangor, Malaysia
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan, Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam, 42300, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Andrzej Kloczkowski
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, 43205, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43205, USA
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3
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Yoon D, Kang MK, Jung HJ, Ullah S, Lee J, Jeong Y, Noh SG, Kang D, Park Y, Chun P, Chung HY, Moon HR. Design, Synthesis, In Vitro, and In Silico Insights of 5-(Substituted benzylidene)-2-phenylthiazol-4(5 H)-one Derivatives: A Novel Class of Anti-Melanogenic Compounds. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083293. [PMID: 37110531 PMCID: PMC10144242 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(Z)-5-Benzylidene-2-phenylthiazol-4(5H)-one ((Z)-BPT) derivatives were designed by combining the structural characteristics of two tyrosinase inhibitors. The double-bond geometry of trisubstituted alkenes, (Z)-BPTs 1-14, was determined based on the 3JC,Hβ coupling constant of 1H-coupled 13C NMR spectra. Three (Z)-BPT derivatives (1-3) showed stronger tyrosinase inhibitory activities than kojic acid; in particular, 2 was to be 189-fold more potent than kojic acid. Kinetic analysis using mushroom tyrosinase indicated that 1 and 2 were competitive inhibitors, whereas 3 was a mixed-type inhibitor. The in silico results revealed that 1-3 could strongly bind to the active sites of mushroom and human tyrosinases, supporting the kinetic results. Derivatives 1 and 2 decreased the intracellular melanin contents in a concentration-dependent manner in B16F10 cells, and their anti-melanogenic efficacy exceeded that of kojic acid. The anti-tyrosinase activity of 1 and 2 in B16F10 cells was similar to their anti-melanogenic effects, suggesting that their anti-melanogenic effects were primarily owing to their anti-tyrosinase activity. Western blotting of B16F10 cells revealed that the derivatives 1 and 2 inhibited tyrosinase expression, which partially contributes to their anti-melanogenic ability. Several derivatives, including 2 and 3, exhibited potent antioxidant activities against ABTS cation radicals, DPPH radicals, ROS, and peroxynitrite. These results suggest that (Z)-BPT derivatives 1 and 2 have promising potential as novel anti-melanogenic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahye Yoon
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyung Kang
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sultan Ullah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Jieun Lee
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongmu Jeong
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Gyun Noh
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwan Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Park
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Pusoon Chun
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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4
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Bai F, Wang N, Bai Y, Ma X, Gu C, Dai B, Chen J. NHPI-Mediated Electrochemical α-Oxygenation of Amides to Benzimides. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 36866582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
This report describes a mild electrochemical α-oxygenation of a wide range of linear and cyclic benzamides mediated by N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) in an undivided cell using O2 as the oxygen source and 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine perchlorate as an electrolyte. The radical scavenger experiment and the 18O labeling experiment were carried out, which indicated the involvement of a radical pathway and suggested O2 as an oxygen source in the imides, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Bai
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, China
| | - Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, China
| | - Yinshan Bai
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, China
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, China
| | - Chengzhi Gu
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, China
| | - Bin Dai
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, China
| | - Jianpeng Chen
- Hami Shuoyuan Chemical Co., Ltd, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, China
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5
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Lee J, Jeong Y, Jin Jung H, Ullah S, Ko J, Young Kim G, Yoon D, Hong S, Kang D, Park Y, Chun P, Young Chung H, Ryong Moon H. Anti-tyrosinase flavone derivatives and their anti-melanogenic activities: Importance of the β-phenyl-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl scaffold. Bioorg Chem 2023; 135:106504. [PMID: 37015153 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Flavone derivatives were designed and synthesized based on the hypothesis that flavones containing the β-phenyl-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl (PUSC) scaffold have potential anti-tyrosinase activity. Flavones 1a and 1e inhibited mushroom tyrosinase more potently than kojic acid, and 1e inhibited monophenolase and diphenolase 61- and 28-fold more than kojic acid, respectively. Kinetic studies on mushroom tyrosinase indicated that 1a and 1e competitively inhibit monophenolase and diphenolase, and docking results supported these results. In an in vitro assay using B16F10 murine cells, 1a and 1e inhibited melanin production more potently than kojic acid, and this was attributed to the inhibition of tyrosinase. Furthermore, 1a and 1e strongly scavenged DPPH and ABTS radicals and ROS, which suggested that their antioxidant properties were at least partly responsible for their anti-melanogenic effects. Moreover, flavone 1a also inhibited the gene expressions of the melanogenesis-related genes tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, and TRP-2. Our findings that flavone derivatives (i) directly inhibit tyrosinase, (ii) act as antioxidants, and (iii) inhibit the expressions of melanogenesis-related genes suggest their potential use as natural melanogenesis inhibitors. Furthermore, the study confirms that the PUSC scaffold confers anti-tyrosinase activity.
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6
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Lu L, Zhang X, Kang Y, Xiong Z, Zhang K, Xu XT, Bai LP, Li HG. Novel coumarin derivatives as potential tyrosinase inhibitors: Synthesis, binding analysis and biological evaluation. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
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7
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Lee J, Park YJ, Jung HJ, Ullah S, Yoon D, Jeong Y, Kim GY, Kang MK, Kang D, Park Y, Chun P, Chung HY, Moon HR. Design and Synthesis of ( Z)-2-(Benzylamino)-5-benzylidenethiazol-4(5 H)-one Derivatives as Tyrosinase Inhibitors and Their Anti-Melanogenic and Antioxidant Effects. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020848. [PMID: 36677908 PMCID: PMC9865752 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, (Z)-2-(benzylamino)-5-benzylidenethiazol-4(5H)-one (BABT) derivatives were designed as tyrosinase inhibitors based on the structure of MHY2081, using a simplified approach. Of the 14 BABT derivatives synthesized, two derivatives ((Z)-2-(benzylamino)-5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)thiazol-4(5H)-one [7] and (Z)-2-(benzylamino)-5-(2,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)thiazol-4(5H)-one [8]) showed more potent mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activities than kojic acid, regardless of the substrate used; in particular, compound 8 was 106-fold more potent than kojic acid when l-tyrosine was used as the substrate. Analysis of Lineweaver-Burk plots for 7 and 8 indicated that they were competitive inhibitors, which was confirmed via in silico docking. In experiments using B16F10 cells, 8 exerted a greater ability to inhibit melanin production than kojic acid, and it inhibited cellular tyrosinase activity in a concentration-dependent manner, indicating that the anti-melanogenic effect of 8 is attributable to its ability to inhibit tyrosinase. In addition, 8 exhibited strong antioxidant activity to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals and peroxynitrite and inhibited the expression of melanogenesis-associated proteins (tyrosinase and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor). These results suggest that BABT derivative 8 is a promising candidate for the treatment of hyperpigmentation-related diseases, owing to its inhibition of melanogenesis-associated protein expression, direct tyrosinase inhibition, and antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Lee
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jung Park
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sultan Ullah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, West Palm Beach, FL 33458, USA
| | - Dahye Yoon
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongmu Jeong
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga Young Kim
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyung Kang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwan Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Park
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Pusoon Chun
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-510-2815; Fax: +82-51-513-6754
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8
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A Novel Class of Potent Anti-Tyrosinase Compounds with Antioxidant Activity, 2-(Substituted phenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzo[ d]thiazoles: In Vitro and In Silico Insights. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071375. [PMID: 35883866 PMCID: PMC9311798 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sixteen compounds bearing a benzothiazole moiety were synthesized as potential tyrosinase inhibitors and evaluated for mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity. The compound 4-(5-(trifluoromethyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)benzene-1,3-diol (compound 1b) exhibited the highest tyrosinase activity inhibition, with an IC50 value of 0.2 ± 0.01 μM (a potency 55-fold greater than kojic acid). In silico results using mushroom tyrosinase and human tyrosinase showed that the 2,4-hydroxyl substituents on the phenyl ring of 1b played an important role in the inhibition of both tyrosinases. Kinetic studies on mushroom tyrosinase indicated that 1b is a competitive inhibitor of monophenolase and diphenolase, and this was supported by docking results. In B16F10 murine melanoma cells, 1a and 1b dose-dependently and significantly inhibited melanin production intracellularly, and melanin release into medium more strongly than kojic acid, and these effects were attributed to the inhibition of cellular tyrosinase. Furthermore, the inhibition of melanin production by 1b was found to be partially due to the inhibition of tyrosinase glycosylation and the suppression of melanogenesis-associated genes. Compound 1c, which has a catechol group, exhibited potent antioxidant activities against ROS, DPPH, and ABTS, and 1b also had strong ROS and ABTS radical scavenging activities. These results suggest that 5-(trifluoromethyl)benzothiazole derivatives are promising anti-tyrosinase lead compounds with potent antioxidant effects.
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9
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Hu YG, Gao ZP, Zheng YY, Hu CM, Lin J, Wu XZ, Zhang X, Zhou YS, Xiong Z, Zhu DY. Synthesis and Biological Activity Evaluation of 2-Cyanopyrrole Derivatives as Potential Tyrosinase Inhibitors. Front Chem 2022; 10:914944. [PMID: 35783205 PMCID: PMC9247258 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.914944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to find potential inhibitors of tyrosinase, two series of pyrrole derivatives A (1–17) and B (1–8) were synthesized and screened for their inhibitory activities on tyrosinase. Most of the 2-cyanopyrrole derivatives exhibited effective inhibitory activities. In particular, A12 exhibited the strongest inhibitory activities, with the IC50 values of 0.97 μM, which is ∼30 times stronger than the reference inhibitor kojic acid (IC50: 28.72 μM). The inhibitory mechanism analysis results revealed that A12 was a reversible and mixed-type inhibitor. Molecular docking experiments clarified the interaction between A12 with tyrosinase. Furthermore, A12 (100 μM) presented effective inhibitory effect on tyrosinase in B16 melanoma cells with inhibition of 33.48%, which was equivalent to that of Kojic acid (39.81%). Accordingly, compound A12 may serve as the lead structure for the further design of potent tyrosinase inhibitors. Molecular docking studies confirmed the interaction between the compound and tyrosinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Guang Hu
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhu-Peng Gao
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ying-Ying Zheng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Chun-Mei Hu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Jing Lin
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Xiao-Zheng Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Zhou
- Guangzhou Yuming Biologival Technology Co, LTD, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuang Xiong
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
- *Correspondence: Zhuang Xiong, ; Dao-Yong Zhu,
| | - Dao-Yong Zhu
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhuang Xiong, ; Dao-Yong Zhu,
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10
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Identification of a Novel Class of Anti-Melanogenic Compounds, (Z)-5-(Substituted benzylidene)-3-phenyl-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one Derivatives, and Their Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging Activities. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050948. [PMID: 35624809 PMCID: PMC9137581 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The rate-determining role of tyrosinase makes it a critical component in the mechanism that is responsible for melanogenesis. Thirteen (Z)-5-(substituted benzylidene)-3-phenyl-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one ((Z)-BPTT) analogs were designed based on the structural features of two potent tyrosinase inhibitors, viz. (Z)-5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one (5-HMT) and (Z)-2-(2,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-3(2H)-one (compound I). The trisubstituted double bond geometry of the (Z)-BPTT analogs that were generated by Knoevenagel condensation was determined using vicinal 1H and 13C coupling constants in 13C NMR spectra. Four analogs, numbers 1–3 and 6, inhibited mushroom tyrosinase 9 to 29 times more potently than kojic acid did. Kinetic study results indicated that these four analogs inhibited mushroom tyrosinase competitively and this was supported by docking simulation. Also, docking results using human tyrosinase suggested that analogs 2 and 3 might be potent human tyrosinase inhibitors. In vitro studies using B16F10 cells (a melanoma cell line) showed that analogs 1, 2, 3, and 6 inhibited cellular tyrosinase and melanin production more than kojic acid did, without perceptible cytotoxicity. In particular, analog 2, which possesses a catechol group, exerted an extremely potent anti-melanogenic effect. In addition, analog 2 showed strong scavenging activity against DPPH and ABTS radicals. Furthermore, analog 2 not only reduced ROS levels, which induce melanogenesis, but it also suppressed tyrosinase and MITF (microphthalamia-associated transcription factor) protein levels and the expressions of melanogenesis-related genes. These results suggest that analog 2 is an efficient tyrosinase inhibitor that alleviates melanogenesis by dual mechanisms of (i) the inhibition of melanogenesis-related proteins and genes and (ii) the direct inhibition of tyrosinase activity.
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11
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Zhou W, Tang J, Zhou X, Liu J. Tyrosinase inhibition by novel benzimidazole-thione Schiff base derivatives. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180819666220210100037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Tyrosinase is the enzyme responsible for the conversion of tyrosine to dopaquinone, which is related to melanoma, neurodegenerative disorders, freckles, pigmented acne and age spots. Controlling the tyrosinase activity could be an important way for treating overproduction of melanin.
Objective:
The development of safe and specific tyrosinase inhibitors could be used to treat hypermelanosis.
Methods:
5-nitro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2(3H)-thione was synthesized from 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine and carbon disulfide. The nitro group of 5-nitro-1H- S-1 ESI-HRMS
benzo[d]imidazole-2(3H)-thione was reduced with iron powder. The 5-amino-1H-benzo[d]imidazole- 2(3H)-thione Schiff base derivatives were obtained by the reaction of 5-amino-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2(3H)-thione with substituted benzaldehyde. The tyrosinase inhibitory activities were investigated. The studies of kinetic analysis, metal-chelating properties, docking and cytotoxicity were also performed.
Results:
All of the compounds showed strong tyrosinase inhibitory activities with 5-((4-nitrobenzylidene) amino)-1H-benzo [d]imidazole-2(3H)-thione (S-4) as the best tyrosinase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 4.8 ± 1.4 nM. Compound S-4 exhibited mixed type inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase, with Ki 15 nM and Kis 42 nM. Copper binding to S-4 was detected spectrophotometrically and 1-100 ìÌ S-4 displayed negligible cytotoxicity to murine B16 melanoma cells.
Conclusion:
Our results demonstrated that these benzimidazolethione Schiff base derivatives might be promising candidates as tyrosinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Department of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shao Shui Xi Road, Shaoyang 422100, China
| | - Junyuan Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou,Guangdong 511436, China
| | - Xinchong Zhou
- Department of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shao Shui Xi Road, Shaoyang 422100, China
| | - Jinbing Liu
- Department of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shao Shui Xi Road, Shaoyang 422100, China
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12
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Choi H, Young Ryu I, Choi I, Ullah S, Jin Jung H, Park Y, Hwang Y, Jeong Y, Hong S, Chun P, Young Chung H, Ryong Moon H. Identification of (Z)-2-benzylidene-dihydroimidazothiazolone derivatives as tyrosinase inhibitors: anti-melanogenic effects and in silico studies. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:899-912. [PMID: 35242283 PMCID: PMC8861568 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Heejeong Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Il Young Ryu
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Inkyu Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Sultan Ullah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, FL 33458, USA
| | - Hee Jin Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Yujin Park
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - YeJi Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Yeongmu Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Sojeong Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Pusoon Chun
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, South Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
- Corresponding author at: Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea.
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13
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Cinnamic acid derivatives linked to arylpiperazines as novel potent inhibitors of tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 231:114147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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Recent advances in the design and discovery of synthetic tyrosinase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 224:113744. [PMID: 34365131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a copper-containing metalloenzyme that is responsible for the rate-limiting catalytic step in the melanin biosynthesis and enzymatic browning. As a promising target, tyrosinase inhibitors can be used as skin whitening agents and food preservatives, thus having broad potential in the fields of food, cosmetics, agriculture and medicine. From 2015 to 2020, numerous synthetic inhibitors of tyrosinase have been developed to overcome the challenges of low efficacy and side effects. This review summarizes the enzyme structure and biological functions of tyrosinase and demonstrates the recent advances of synthetic tyrosinase inhibitors from the perspective of medicinal chemistry, providing a better understanding of the catalytic mechanisms and more effective tyrosinase inhibitors.
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15
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Ryu IY, Choi I, Jung HJ, Ullah S, Choi H, Al-Amin M, Chun P, Moon HR. In vitro anti-melanogenic effects of chimeric compounds, 2-(substituted benzylidene)-1,3-indanedione derivatives with a β-phenyl-α, β -unsaturated dicarbonyl scaffold. Bioorg Chem 2021; 109:104688. [PMID: 33582586 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosinase is considered a key contributor to melanogenesis, and safe, potent tyrosinase inhibitors are needed for medical and cosmetic purposes to treat skin hyperpigmentation and prevent fruit and vegetable browning. According to our accumulated SAR data on tyrosinase inhibitors, the β-phenyl-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl scaffold in either E or Z configurations, can confer potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity. In this study, twelve indanedione derivatives were synthesized as chimeric compounds with a β-phenyl-α,β-unsaturated dicarbonyl scaffold. Two of these derivatives, that is, compounds 2 and 3 (85% and 96% inhibition, respectively), at 50 μM inhibited mushroom tyrosinase markedly more potently than kojic acid (49% inhibition). Docking studies predicted that compounds 2 and 3 both inhibited tyrosinase competitively, and these findings were supported by Lineweaver-Burk plots. In addition, both compounds inhibited tyrosinase activity and reduced melanin contents in B16F10 cells more than kojic acid without perceptible cytotoxicity. These results support the notion that chimeric compounds with the β-phenyl-α,β-unsaturated dicarbonyl scaffold represent promising starting points for the development of potent tyrosinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il Young Ryu
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Inkyu Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Hee Jin Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Sultan Ullah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, FL 33458, USA
| | - Heejeong Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Md Al-Amin
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Pusoon Chun
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, South Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea.
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16
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Peng Z, Wang G, Zeng QH, Li Y, Liu H, Wang JJ, Zhao Y. A systematic review of synthetic tyrosinase inhibitors and their structure-activity relationship. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:4053-4094. [PMID: 33459057 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1871724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a copper-containing oxidation enzyme, which is responsible for the production of melanin. This enzyme is widely distributed in microorganisms, animals and plants, and plays an essential role in undesirable browning of fruits and vegetables, antibiotic resistance, skin pigment formation, sclerotization of cuticle, neurodegeneration, etc. Hence, it has been recognized as a therapeutic target for the development of antibrowning agents, antibacterial agents, skin-whitening agents, insecticides, and other therapeutic agents. With great potential application in food, agricultural, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries, a large number of synthetic tyrosinase inhibitors have been widely reported in recent years. In this review, we systematically summarized the advances of synthetic tyrosinase inhibitors in the literatures, including their inhibitory activity, cytotoxicity, structure-activity relationship (SAR), inhibition kinetics, and interaction mechanisms with the enzyme. The collected information is expected to provide a rational guidance and effective strategy to develop novel, potent and safe tyrosinase inhibitors for better practical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyun Peng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangcheng Wang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qiao-Hui Zeng
- Department of Food Science, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Yufeng Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiquan Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Jing Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Food Science, Foshan University, Foshan, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai, China
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17
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Liu J, Zhou W, Wu F. Biological Evaluation and Synthesis of Thiazole Schiff Base Derivatives. HETEROCYCLES 2021. [DOI: 10.3987/com-21-14467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Tang K, Jiang Y, Zhang H, Huang W, Xie Y, Deng C, Xu H, Song X, Xu H. Design, synthesis of Cinnamyl-paeonol derivatives with 1, 3-Dioxypropyl as link arm and screening of tyrosinase inhibition activity in vitro. Bioorg Chem 2020; 106:104512. [PMID: 33293056 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to obtain tyrosinase inhibitors for treating hyperpigmentation. A series of cinnamyl ester analogues were designed and synthesized with cinnamic acid (CA) and peaonol compounds. The safety, melanin content and inhibitory effects of all target compounds were evaluated. In the enzymatic activity test, the inhibitory rate of compounds 8, 13 and 14 had stronger inhibitory activity with the IC50 values of 20.7 μM, 13.98 μM and 15.16 μM, respectively than the positive drug kojic acid (IC50 with 30.83 μM). The cytotoxicity evaluation showed that compounds 13 and 14 have higher safety than the other compounds to the proliferation of B16F10 cells. The result of the melanocyte test supported that compound13 has stronger cellular tyrosinase inhibitory activity than kojic acid and arbutin at 100 μM and 200 μM. The enzyme kinetics mechanism revealed that compound 13 was a non-competitive inhibitor while compounds 8 and 14 were mixed inhibitors. For the experiments of melanin content and tyrosinase activity in the B16F10 melanona cells, the inhibition rates of compounds 8, 14 and 13 were with 19.62%, 20.59% and 23.83%, respectively. In addition, compound 13 revealed the highest inhibitory activity to tyrosinase in the melanocyte with inhibition rates of 23.83%, which was better than kojic acid and arbutin (19.21% and 20.45%) at the same concentration. In the anti-melanogenesis experiment, compounds 8 and 13 had better anti-melanin effects than kojic acid from 25 μM to 100 μM. In summary, the results indicated that compounds 8, 13 and 14 had better tyrosinase inhibitory activity and anti-melanogenesis activity. Especially, the compound 13 has potentiality to develop novel tyrosinase inhibitors and whitening agents. The docking studies results revealed that the functional group of compound 13 mostly depends on the phenolic hydroxyl moiety, and its hydroxyl group did not insert into the active site of tyrosinase, which was in agreement with the results of the kinetics study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Tang
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Huawei Zhang
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Wenli Huang
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Yundong Xie
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Chong Deng
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China.
| | - Hongbo Xu
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Xiaomei Song
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
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19
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Abuelizz HA, Anouar EH, Marzouk M, Hasan MH, Saleh SR, Ahudhaif A, Alburikan KA, Al-Salahi R. Evaluation of Cytotoxic and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activities of 2-phenoxy(thiomethyl) pyridotriazolopyrimidines: In Vitro and Molecular Docking Studies. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 20:1714-1721. [PMID: 32593283 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200627212128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of tyrosinase has confirmed to be the best means of recognizing safe, effective, and potent tyrosinase inhibitors for whitening skin. Twenty-four 2-phenoxy(thiomethyl)pyridotriazolopyrimidines were synthesized and characterized in our previous studies. OBJECTIVE The present work aimed to evaluate their cytotoxicity against HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma), A549 (pulmonary adenocarcinoma), MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma) and WRL 68 (embryonic liver) cell lines. METHODS MTT assay was employed to investigate the cytotoxicity, and a tyrosinase inhibitor screening kit was used to evaluate the Tyrosinase (TYR) inhibitory activity of the targets. RESULTS The tested compounds exhibited no considerable cytotoxicity, and nine of them were selected for a tyrosinase inhibitory test. Compounds 2b, 2m, and 5a showed good inhibitory percentages against TYR compared to that of kojic acid (reference substance). Molecular docking was performed to rationalize the Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) of the target pyridotriazolopyrimidines and analyze the binding between the docked-selected compounds and the amino acid residues in the active site of tyrosinase. CONCLUSION The target pyridotriazolopyrimidines were identified as a new class of tyrosinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem A Abuelizz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - El Hassane Anouar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Marzouk
- Department of Tanning Materials and Leather Technology, Chemistry of Natural Products Group (Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences), National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St. (Former El-Tahrir St.), Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Mizaton H Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Puncak Alam, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti R Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Puncak Alam, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Adi Ahudhaif
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Engineering and Sciences in Al-kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 151, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A Alburikan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashad Al-Salahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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