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Hashem O, Zaib S, Zaraei SO, Javed H, Kedia RA, Anbar HS, Khan I, Ravi A, El-Gamal MI, Khoder G. Design and discovery of urease and Helicobacter pylori inhibitors based on benzofuran/benzothiophene-sulfonate and sulfamate scaffolds for the treatment of ureolytic bacterial infections. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132502. [PMID: 38768915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
A series of sulfonate and sulfamate derivatives bearing benzofuran or benzothiophene scaffold exhibited potent inhibitory effect on urease enzyme. Most of the derivatives exhibited significantly higher potency than thiourea, the standard inhibitor. Compound 1s was identified as the most potent urease inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.42 ± 0.08 μM, which is 53-fold more potent than thiourea, positive control (IC50 = 22.3 ± 0.031 μM). The docking results further revealed the binding interactions towards the urease active site. Phenotypic screening revealed that compounds 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f, 1j, 1n, and 1t exhibit high potency against H. pylori with MIC values ranging from 0.00625 to 0.05 mM and IC50 values ranging from 0.0031 to 0.0095 mM, much more potent than the positive control, acetohydroxamic acid (MIC and IC50 values were 12.5 and 7.38 mM, respectively). Additional studies were performed to investigate the toxicity of these compounds against the gastric epithelial cell line (AGS) and their selectivity profile against E. coli, and five Lactobacillus species representative of the gut microflora. Permeability characteristics of the most promising derivatives were investigated in Caco-2 cell line. The results indicate that the compounds could be targeted in the GIT only without systemic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Hashem
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Seyed-Omar Zaraei
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hira Javed
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Reena A Kedia
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hanan S Anbar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dubai Pharmacy College for Girls, Dubai 19099, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Anil Ravi
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed I El-Gamal
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Ghalia Khoder
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
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2
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Munir R, Zaib S, Zia-ur-Rehman M, Javed H, Roohi A, Zaheer M, Fatima N, Bhat MA, Khan I. Exploration of morpholine-thiophene hybrid thiosemicarbazones for the treatment of ureolytic bacterial infections via targeting urease enzyme: Synthesis, biochemical screening and computational analysis. Front Chem 2024; 12:1403127. [PMID: 38855062 PMCID: PMC11157103 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1403127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
An important component of the pathogenicity of potentially pathogenic bacteria in humans is the urease enzyme. In order to avoid the detrimental impact of ureolytic bacterial infections, the inhibition of urease enzyme appears to be an appealing approach. Therefore, in the current study, morpholine-thiophene hybrid thiosemicarbazone derivatives (5a-i) were designed, synthesized and characterized through FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. A range of substituents including electron-rich, electron-deficient and inductively electron-withdrawing groups on the thiophene ring was successfully tolerated. The synthesized derivatives were evaluated in vitro for their potential to inhibit urease enzyme using the indophenol method. The majority of compounds were noticeably more potent than the conventional inhibitor, thiourea. The lead inhibitor, 2-(1-(5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)ethylidene)-N-(2-morpholinoethyl)hydrazinecarbothioamide (5g) inhibited the urease in an uncompetitive manner with an IC50 value of 3.80 ± 1.9 µM. The findings of the docking studies demonstrated that compound 5g has a strong affinity for the urease active site. Significant docking scores and efficient binding free energies were displayed by the lead inhibitor. Finally, the ADME properties of lead inhibitor (5g) suggested the druglikeness behavior with zero violation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubina Munir
- Department of Chemistry, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Hira Javed
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Roohi
- Department of Chemistry, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zaheer
- Applied Chemistry Research Centre, PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nabiha Fatima
- Department of Chemistry, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mashooq Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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3
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Morales N, Valdés-Muñoz E, González J, Valenzuela-Hormazábal P, Palma JM, Galarza C, Catagua-González Á, Yáñez O, Pereira A, Bustos D. Machine Learning-Driven Classification of Urease Inhibitors Leveraging Physicochemical Properties as Effective Filter Criteria. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4303. [PMID: 38673888 PMCID: PMC11049951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Urease, a pivotal enzyme in nitrogen metabolism, plays a crucial role in various microorganisms, including the pathogenic Helicobacter pylori. Inhibiting urease activity offers a promising approach to combating infections and associated ailments, such as chronic kidney diseases and gastric cancer. However, identifying potent urease inhibitors remains challenging due to resistance issues that hinder traditional approaches. Recently, machine learning (ML)-based models have demonstrated the ability to predict the bioactivity of molecules rapidly and effectively. In this study, we present ML models designed to predict urease inhibitors by leveraging essential physicochemical properties. The methodological approach involved constructing a dataset of urease inhibitors through an extensive literature search. Subsequently, these inhibitors were characterized based on physicochemical properties calculations. An exploratory data analysis was then conducted to identify and analyze critical features. Ultimately, 252 classification models were trained, utilizing a combination of seven ML algorithms, three attribute selection methods, and six different strategies for categorizing inhibitory activity. The investigation unveiled discernible trends distinguishing urease inhibitors from non-inhibitors. This differentiation enabled the identification of essential features that are crucial for precise classification. Through a comprehensive comparison of ML algorithms, tree-based methods like random forest, decision tree, and XGBoost exhibited superior performance. Additionally, incorporating the "chemical family type" attribute significantly enhanced model accuracy. Strategies involving a gray-zone categorization demonstrated marked improvements in predictive precision. This research underscores the transformative potential of ML in predicting urease inhibitors. The meticulous methodology outlined herein offers actionable insights for developing robust predictive models within biochemical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Morales
- Magíster en Ciencias de la Computación, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile; (N.M.); (J.G.)
| | - Elizabeth Valdés-Muñoz
- Doctorado en Biotecnología Traslacional, Centro de Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3480094, Chile;
| | - Jaime González
- Magíster en Ciencias de la Computación, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile; (N.M.); (J.G.)
| | - Paulina Valenzuela-Hormazábal
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile;
| | - Jonathan M. Palma
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, Curicó 3344158, Chile;
| | - Christian Galarza
- Departamento de Matemáticas, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Guayaquil EC090903, Ecuador; (C.G.); (Á.C.-G.)
| | - Ángel Catagua-González
- Departamento de Matemáticas, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Guayaquil EC090903, Ecuador; (C.G.); (Á.C.-G.)
| | - Osvaldo Yáñez
- Núcleo de Investigación en Data Science, Facultad de Ingeniería y Negocios, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago 7500000, Chile;
| | - Alfredo Pereira
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Bellavista 7, Santiago 8420524, Chile
| | - Daniel Bustos
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Química Computacional, Departamento de Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3480094, Chile
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4
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Samreen HS, Hussain A, Yar M, Alshammari MB, Ayub K, Adeel M, Tariq M, Lateef M, Bakht MA, Rasool F. Photophysical and biological aspects of α, β-unsaturated ketones: Experimental and in silico approach. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23433. [PMID: 37394811 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, four fluorinated α, β-unsaturated ketones named as 3-(3-bromophenyl)-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (1), 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl) prop-2-en-1-one (2), 3-(3-bromo-5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl) prop-2-en-1-one (3) and 3-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (4) were synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt reaction. The synthesized molecules were then characterized through ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, and mass spectrometry. The antioxidant potential, Urease inhibition, and interaction of compounds 1-4 with Salmon sperm DNA were experimentally explored and supported by molecular docking studies. The synthesized compounds strongly interact with SS-DNA through intercalative mode. It was noticed that compound 1 served as potent Urease inhibitor while compound 4 as better antioxidant among synthesized compounds. Moreover, frontier molecular orbitals, nonlinear optical (NLO) properties, natural bond orbitals, molecular electrostatic potential, natural population analysis, and photophysical properties of synthesized compounds were accomplished through density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory. The band gap of all the compounds have been worked out using Taucs method. In addition to that, a precise comparative account of UV and IR data obtained from theoretical and experimental findings showed good agreement between theoretical and experimental data. The findings of our studies reflected that compounds 1-4 possess better NLO properties than Urea standard and the band gap data also reflected their prospective use towards optoelectronic materials. The better NLO behavior of compounds was attributed to the noncentrosymmetric structure of synthesized compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiza Saba Samreen
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Ajaz Hussain
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yar
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed Battah Alshammari
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdul Aziz university, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adeel
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismaeel Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Mehreen Lateef
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratories, Bahria University Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed Afroz Bakht
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdul Aziz university, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faiz Rasool
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
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5
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Singh R, Kumar P, Devi M, Sindhu J, Kumar A, Lal S, Singh D, Kumar H, Kumar S. Urease Inhibition and Structure‐Activity Relationship Study of Thiazolidinone‐, Triazole‐, and Benzothiazole‐Based Heterocyclic Derivatives: A Focus Review. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202300244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Singh
- Department of Chemistry Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra 136119 India
| | - Parvin Kumar
- Department of Chemistry Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra 136119 India
| | - Meena Devi
- Department of Chemistry Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra 136119 India
| | - Jayant Sindhu
- Department of Chemistry COBS&H, CCS Haryana gricultural University Hisar 125004 India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences GJUS&T Hisar 125001 India
| | - Sohan Lal
- Department of Chemistry Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra 136119 India
| | - Devender Singh
- Department of Chemistry Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak 124001 India
| | - Harish Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences Central university Haryana Mahendergarh India
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry DCR University of Science & Technology, Murthal Haryana 131039 India
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6
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Zaib S, Ibrar A, Khan I, Rana N, Gomila RM, McAdam CJ, Al-Askar AA, Elkaeed EB, Frontera A. Insight into structural topology and supramolecular assembly of tetrahydrocarbazole-carbonitrile: On the importance of noncovalent interactions and urease inhibitory profile. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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7
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Ata A, Salar U, Saleem F, Lateef M, Khan SA, Khan KM, Taha M, Haider SM, Ul-Haq Z. Identification of potential urease inhibitors and antioxidants based on saccharin derived analogs: Synthesis, in vitro, and in silico studies. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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8
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Amini M, Abdel-Jalil R, Moghadam ES, Al-Sadi AM, Talebi M, Amanlou M, Shongwe M. Piperazine-based Semicarbazone Derivatives as Potent Urease Inhibitors:
Design, Synthesis, and Bioactivity Screening. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180819666220405234009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
An enzyme called urease assists highly pathogenic bacteria in colonizing and
maintaining themselves. Accordingly, inhibiting urease enzymes has been shown to be a promising strategy
for preventing ureolytic bacterial infections.
Objective:
This study aimed to synthesize and evaluate the bioactivity of a series of semicarbazone derivatives.
Methods:
A series of piperazine-based semicarbazone derivatives 5a-o were synthesized and isolated, and
their structures were elucidated by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopic techniques besides MS and
elemental analysis. The urease inhibition activity of these compounds was evaluated using the standard
urease enzyme inhibition kit. An MTT assay was performed on two different cell lines (NIH-3T3 and
MCF-7) to investigate the cytotoxicity profile.
Results:
All semicarbazone 5a-o exhibited higher urease inhibition activity (3.95–6.62 μM) than the reference
standards thiourea and hydroxyurea (IC50: 22 and 100 μM, respectively). Derivatives 5m and 5o
exhibited the best activity with the IC50 values of 3.95 and 4.05 μM, respectively. Investigating the cytotoxicity
profile of the target compound showed that all compounds 5a-o have IC50 values higher than 50
μM for both tested cell lines.
Conclusion:
The results showed that semicarbazone derivatives could be highly effective as urease inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Amini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raid Abdel-Jalil
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ebrahim Saeedian Moghadam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Abdullah Mohammed Al-Sadi
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod 123,
Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Meysam Talebi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Massoud Amanlou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Musa Shongwe
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
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9
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Li SY, Zhang Y, Wang YN, Yuan LC, Kong CC, Xiao ZP, Zhu HL. Identification of (N-aryl-N-arylsulfonyl)aminoacetohydroxamic acids as novel urease inhibitors and the mechanism exploration. Bioorg Chem 2022; 130:106275. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Moghadam ES, Al‐Sadi AM, Talebi M, Amanlou M, Stoll R, Amini M, Abdel‐Jalil R. Thiosemicarbazone Derivatives Act as Potent Urease Inhibitors; Synthesis, Bioactivity Screening and Molecular Docking Study. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Saeedian Moghadam
- Department of Chemistry College of Science Sultan Qaboos University Muscat, P.O. Box 36, P.C. 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Abdullah Mohammed Al‐Sadi
- Department of Crop Sciences College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences Sultan Qaboos University Muscat Oman
| | - Meysam Talebi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran 1417614411 Iran
| | - Massoud Amanlou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran 1417614411 Iran
- Drug Design and Development Research Center The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS) Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Raphael Stoll
- Biomolecular NMR Ruhr University of Bochum D 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Mohsen Amini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran 1417614411 Iran
- Drug Design and Development Research Center The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS) Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Raid Abdel‐Jalil
- Department of Chemistry College of Science Sultan Qaboos University Muscat, P.O. Box 36, P.C. 123, Sultanate of Oman
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11
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Saeedian Moghadam E, Al-Sadi AM, Talebi M, Amanlou M, Amini M, Abdel-Jalil R. Novel benzimidazole derivatives; synthesis, bioactivity and molecular docking study as potent urease inhibitors. Daru 2022; 30:29-37. [PMID: 35040104 PMCID: PMC9114190 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-021-00427-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benzimidazole derivatives are widely used to design and synthesize novel bioactive compounds. There are several approved benzimidazole-based drugs on the market. OBJECTIVES In this study, we aimed to design and synthesize a series of novel benzimidazole derivatives 8a-n that are urease inhibitors. METHODS All 8a-n were synthesized in a multistep. To determine the urease inhibitory effect of 8a-n, the urease inhibition kit was used. The cytotoxicity assay of 8a-n was determined using MTT method. Molecular modelling was determined using autodock software. RESULTS All 8a-n were synthesized in high yield, and their structures were determined using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, MS, and elemental analyses. In compared to thiourea and hydroxyurea as standards (IC50: 22 and 100 µM, respectively), all 8a-n had stronger urease inhibition activity (IC50: 3.36-10.81 µM). With an IC50 value of 3.36 µM, 8e had the best enzyme inhibitory activity. On two evaluated cell lines, the MTT cytotoxicity experiment revealed that all 8a-n have IC50 values greater than 50 µM. Finally, a docking investigation revealed a plausible way of interaction between the 8e and 8d and the enzyme's active site's key residues. CONCLUSION The synthesized benzimidazole derivatives exhibit high activity, suggesting that further research on this family of compounds would be beneficial to finding a potent urease inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Saeedian Moghadam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36, P.C. 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Abdullah Mohammed Al-Sadi
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Meysam Talebi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417614411, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoud Amanlou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417614411, Tehran, Iran
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417614411, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Amini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417614411, Tehran, Iran.
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417614411, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Raid Abdel-Jalil
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36, P.C. 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.
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12
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Theoretical studies, anticancer activity, and photovoltaic performance of newly synthesized carbazole-based dyes. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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13
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Saeedian Moghadam E, Mohammed Al-Sadi A, Ghafarzadegan R, Talebi M, Amanlou M, Amini M, Abdel-Jalil R. Benzimidazole derivatives act as dual urease inhibitor and anti-helicobacter pylori agent; synthesis, bioactivity, and molecular docking study. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2022.2061357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdullah Mohammed Al-Sadi
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Reza Ghafarzadegan
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
| | - Meysam Talebi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoud Amanlou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran)
| | - Mohsen Amini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran)
| | - Raid Abdel-Jalil
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
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14
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Yang W, Feng Q, Peng Z, Wang G. An overview on the synthetic urease inhibitors with structure-activity relationship and molecular docking. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 234:114273. [PMID: 35305460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Urease is a kind of enzyme which could be found in various bacteria, fungi, plants, and algae, which can quickly catalyze the hydrolysis of urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide. With the ammonia concentration increasing, the activity of Helicobacter pylori has got an obvious enhancement and leads to mucosal damage in the stomach, gastroduodenal infection, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer. The infectious diseases caused by Helicobacter pylori can be controlled to a certain extent by inhibiting urease activity with urease inhibitors. Hence, studies of urease inhibitors have attracted great attention all over the world and a variety of effective urease inhibitors have been synthesized in recent years. In this review, we will draw summaries for these inhibitors including urease inhibitory activity, inhibition kinetics, structure-activity relationship, and molecular docking. The collected information is expected to provide rational guidance and effective strategy to develop novel, potent, and safe urease inhibitors for better practical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; Teaching and Research Section of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qianqian Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; Teaching and Research Section of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhiyun Peng
- Office of Drug Clinical Trial Institutions, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
| | - Guangcheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
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15
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Zahra U, Zaib S, Saeed A, Rehman MU, Shabir G, Alsaab HO, Khan I. New acetylphenol-based acyl thioureas broaden the scope of drug candidates for urease inhibition: synthesis, in vitro screening and in silico analysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 198:157-167. [PMID: 34953808 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori urease remains a validated drug target for the eradication of pervasive chronic stomach infection that leads to severe human health diseases such as gastritis and stomach cancer. The increased failure of current treatment protocols because of resistance to broadband antibiotics, severe side effects and low compliance underscore the need for a targeted eradication therapy. Therefore, in the present research, we have developed a new series of acetylphenol-based acyl thioureas that can potentially provide a new template for drug candidates to inhibit urease enzyme. Newly synthesized compounds 7a-j were evaluated for urease inhibitory strength using thiourea as a positive control. In vitro inhibitory results revealed that all the tested compounds were significantly potent than the standard drug. The most active lead 7f competitively inhibited the enzyme and displayed an IC50 value of 0.054 ± 0.002 μM, a ~413-fold strong inhibitory potential than thiourea (IC50 = 22.3 ± 0.031 μM). Various insightful structure-activity relationships were developed showing the key structural requirements for potent inhibitory effects. Molecular docking analysis of 7f inside the active pocket of urease suggested several important interactions with amino acid residues such as ILE411, MET637, ARG439, GLN635, ALA636 and ALA440. Finally, pharmacokinetic properties suggested that the tested derivatives are safe to develop as low-molecular-weight drugs to treat ureolytic bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urage Zahra
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Mujeeb Ur Rehman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Shabir
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Hashem O Alsaab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom.
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16
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Saeedian Moghadam E, Al-Sadi AM, Talebi M, Amanlou M, Amini M, Abdel-Jalil R. 2-Aryl Benzimidazole Derivatives Act as Potent Urease Inhibitors; Synthesis, Bioactivity and Molecular Docking Study. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.2014534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdullah Mohammed Al-Sadi
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Meysam Talebi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (T IP S), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoud Amanlou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (T IP S), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Amini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (T IP S), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raid Abdel-Jalil
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
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17
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Zaib S, Tayyab Younas M, Zaraei SO, Khan I, Anbar HS, El-Gamal MI. Discovery of urease inhibitory effect of sulfamate derivatives: Biological and computational studies. Bioorg Chem 2021; 119:105545. [PMID: 34915286 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of life-changing medicines continues to be the driving force for the rapid exploration and expansion of chemical space, enabling access to innovative small molecules of medicinal importance. These small molecules remain the backbone for modern drug discovery. In this context, the treatment of ureolytic bacterial infections inspires the identification of potent and effective inhibitors of urease, a promising and highly needed target for H. pylori eradication. The present study explores the evaluation of sulfamate derivatives for the inhibition of urease enzyme. The tested compounds showed remarkable inhibitory effect and high level of potency. Compound 1q emerged as the lead inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.062 ± 0.001 µM, ∼360-fold more potent than thiourea (IC50 = 22.31 ± 0.031 µM). The assessment of various contributing factors towards the inhibition profile allowed for the establishment of diverse structure-activity relationships. Kinetics studies revealed the competitive mode of inhibition of compound 1q while molecular modeling analysis identified various crucial binding interactions with ARG609, ARG439, HIS519, HIS492, HIS593, ALA440, and ALA636 in the active pocket of the enzyme. Finally, the calculated pharmacokinetic properties suggest a promising profile of our potent sulfamate-based urease inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumera Zaib
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Tayyab Younas
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Seyed-Omar Zaraei
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, PO Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, 113 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Hanan S Anbar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapeutics, Dubai Pharmacy College for Girls, Dubai 19099, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed I El-Gamal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
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18
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Saeedian Moghadam E, Al-Sadi AM, Talebi M, Amanlou M, Amini M, Abdel-Jalil R. Design, synthesis, and bioactivity investigation of novel benzimidazole derivatives as potent urease inhibitors. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2021.2001661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdullah Mohammed Al-Sadi
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Meysam Talebi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoud Amanlou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Amini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raid Abdel-Jalil
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
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19
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He M, Yu M, Li C, Meng X, Su J, Zhu Y, Yao R. Design, Synthesis and Bioactivity Evaluation of Novel Chalcone Derivatives Possessing Tryptophan Moiety with Dual Activities of Anti-cancer and Partially Restoring the Proliferation of Normal Kidney Cells Pre-treated with Cisplatin. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:1945-1961. [PMID: 34674626 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666211021134626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chalcone is a broad-spectrum natural product with anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. However, low potency, low selectivity, and serious side effects limit its druggability. L-Tryptophan is an essential precursor molecule of an anti-cancer active substance. Also, the indole moiety inhibits the proliferation of tumor cells by binding to colchicine sites. A decrease in kidney cell activity caused by kidney inflammation is the primary side effect of cancer therapy. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this work was to design, synthesize, and perform bioactivity evaluation of novel chalcone derivatives possessing tryptophan moiety with dual activities of anti-cancer and partially restoring the proliferation of normal kidney cells pre-treated with cisplatin. METHODS A series of novel chalcone derivatives possessing tryptophan moiety (5a-5g, 6a-6o) were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for anti-cancer activity against four cancer cell lines (gastric (HGC-27), colon (HCT-116), prostate (PC-3), and lung (A549)), and a human normal cell line (gastric mucosal epithelial (GES-1)). The activity of restoring the proliferation of normal kidney cells pre-treated with cisplatin was evaluated by MTT assay. Cell cycle, apoptosis, and apoptosis proteins (Bax and Bcl-2) were used to evaluate the anti-cancer mechanism of the most potent compound. Moreover, a docking study was performed to explain the high anti-cancer activity of 6n. The expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1 were detected by ELISA. RESULTS Most of the compounds exhibited high anti-cancer activity against the HGC-27 cell line and exhibited low toxicity against the normal cell line. Based on three rounds of a structure optimization, 6n was discovered as the most potent compound against HGC-27 cells with an IC50 value of 2.02 μM and an SI value of 28.47. Further studies demonstrated that 6n could induce cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and the apoptosis of the HGC-27 cell line by reducing the expression of Bcl-2 and improving the expression level of Bax. Molecular docking result displayed 6n bound to the colchicine site. At the same time, 6n also exhibited moderate activity of restoring the proliferation of normal kidney cells pre-treated with cisplatin by reducing the expression of inflammatory substances. CONCLUSION Our findings collectively suggested that 6n should be further studied as a potential anti-cancer agent that could partially restore the proliferation of normal kidney cells pre-treated with cisplatin in gastric cancer patients by an anti-inflammatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230000. China
| | - Mingjun Yu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230000. China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032. China
| | - Xiaoming Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032. China
| | - Jiamin Su
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230000. China
| | - Yuting Zhu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230000. China
| | - Risheng Yao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230000. China
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Rashid F, Zaib S, Ibrar A, Ejaz SA, Saeed A, Iqbal J, Khan I. New Hybrid Scaffolds Based on Carbazole-Chalcones as Potent Anticancer Agents. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:1082-1091. [PMID: 32698741 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200721110732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Despite various technological advances for the treatment of cancer, the identification of new chemical entities with potent anticancer effects remain an indispensable requirement of the time due to multi-drug resistance exhibited by previously developed anticancer drugs. Particularly, the hybrid drugs incorporating two individual bioactive pharmacophores present medicinally important structural leads, thus improving the pharmacodynamic profile of the drug molecules. The antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic activity of the carbazole-chalcone hybrids on human breast and cervical cancer cells will be examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS To overcome such complications, in the current study, we evaluated the cytotoxic effects of carbazole-chalcone hybrids on human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa) cells and normal cells, i.e., Baby Hamster Kidney cells (BHK-21) using MTT (dimethyl-2-thiazolyl-2,5- diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) assay. The mechanistic studies were performed on potent compound 4g by fluorescent microscopic studies, release of Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) and mitochondrial membrane potential, activation of caspase-9 and -3 and flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS As revealed by MTT assay, compound 4g was identified as the most potent derivative among the tested series with IC50 values of 5.64 and 29.15μM against HeLa and MCF-7 cells, respectively. The results were compared with cisplatin. Fluorescent microscopic studies using 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and Propidium Iodide (PI) staining confirmed the occurrence of apoptosis in HeLa cells treated with the most active compound 4g. Moreover, compound 4g also triggered the release of Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) in treated HeLa and MCF-7 cells while a fluorescence assay displayed a remarkable increase in the activity of caspase-9 and -3. Moreover, flow cytometric results revealed that compound 4g caused G0/G1 arrest in the treated HeLa cells. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that the compound 4g possesses chemotherapeutic properties against breast cancer and cervical adenocarcinoma cells, thus warranting further research to test the anticancer potential of this compound at preclinical and clinical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Rashid
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad-22060, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad-22060, Pakistan
| | - Aliya Ibrar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Haripur, Haripur, KPK-22620, Pakistan
| | - Syeda A Ejaz
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad-22060, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad-45320, Pakistan
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad-22060, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
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21
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Khan I, Ibrar A, Zaib S. Alkynoates as Versatile and Powerful Chemical Tools for the Rapid Assembly of Diverse Heterocycles under Transition-Metal Catalysis: Recent Developments and Challenges. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2021; 379:3. [PMID: 33398642 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-020-00316-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Heterocycles, heteroaromatics and spirocyclic entities are ubiquitous components of a wide plethora of synthetic drugs, biologically active natural products, marketed pharmaceuticals and agrochemical targets. Recognizing their high proportion in drugs and rich pharmacological potential, these invaluable structural motifs have garnered significant interest, thus enabling the development of efficient catalytic methodologies providing access to architecturally complex and diverse molecules with high atom-economy and low cost. These chemical processes not only allow the formation of diverse heterocycles but also utilize a range of flexible and easily accessible building units in a single operation to discover diversity-oriented synthetic approaches. Alkynoates are significantly important, diverse and powerful building blocks in organic chemistry due to their unique and inherent properties such as the electronic bias on carbon-carbon triple bonds posed by electron-withdrawing groups or the metallic coordination site provided by carbonyl groups. The present review highlights the comprehensive picture of the utility of alkynoates (2007-2019) for the synthesis of various heterocycles (> 50 types) using transition-metal catalysts (Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir, Ag, Au, Pt, Cu, Mn, Fe) in various forms. The valuable function of versatile alkynoates (bearing multifunctional groups) as simple and useful starting materials is explored, thus cyclizing with an array of coupling partners to deliver a broad range of oxygen-, nitrogen-, sulfur-containing heterocycles alongside fused-, and spiro-heterocyclic compounds. In addition, these examples will also focus the scope and reaction limitations, as well as mechanistic investigations into the synthesis of these heterocycles. The biological significance will also be discussed, citing relevant examples of drug molecules highlighting each class of heterocycles. This review summarizes the recent developments in the synthetic methods for the synthesis of various heterocycles using alkynoates as readily available starting materials under transition-metal catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Aliya Ibrar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, The University of Haripur, Haripur, KPK-22620, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
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22
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Zaib S, Khan I. Recent Advances in the Sustainable Synthesis of Quinazolines Using Earth-Abundant First Row Transition Metals. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824999200726230848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Achieving challenging molecular diversity in contemporary chemical synthesis
remains a formidable hurdle, particularly in the delivery of diversified bioactive heterocyclic
pharmacophores for drug design and pharmaceutical applications. The coupling methods that
combine a diverse range of readily accessible and commercially available pools of substrates
under the action of earth-abundant first row transition metal catalysts have certainly matured
into powerful tools, thus offering sustainable alternatives to revolutionize the organic synthesis.
This minireview highlights the successful utilization of the catalytic ability of the first
row transition metals (Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu) in the modular assembly of quinazoline heterocycle,
ubiquitously present in numerous alkaloids, commercial medicines and is associated with a
diverse range of pharmacological activities. The broad substrate scope and high functional group tolerance of the
targeted methods were extensively explored, identifying the future strategic advances in the field. The investigation
will also be exemplified with mechanistic studies as long as they are deemed necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumera Zaib
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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23
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Khan I, Zaib S, Ibrar A. New frontiers in the transition-metal-free synthesis of heterocycles from alkynoates: an overview and current status. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00698j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the successful utilization of transition-metal-free approaches for the modular assembly of various heterocycles from alkynoates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Natural Sciences
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL
- UK
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Department of Biochemistry
- Faculty of Life Sciences
- University of Central Punjab
- Lahore-54590
- Pakistan
| | - Aliya Ibrar
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- The University of Haripur
- Haripur, KPK-22620
- Pakistan
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