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Hegazy SK, Tharwat S, Hassan AH. Comparing the efficacy of regen-cov, remdesivir, and favipiravir in reducing invasive mechanical ventilation need in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:6105-6121. [PMID: 37731581 PMCID: PMC10507553 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i26.6105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic stimulates research works to find a solution to this crisis from starting 2020 year up to now. With ending of the 2021-year, various advances in pharmacotherapy against COVID-19 have emerged. Regarding antiviral therapy, casirivimab and imdevimab antibody combination is a type of new immunotherapy against COVID-19. Standard antiviral therapy against COVID-19 includes Remdesivir and Favipiravir. AIM To evaluate the efficacy of antibodies cocktail (casirivimab and imdevimab) compared to standard antiviral therapy in reducing the need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). METHODS 265 COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction confirmed patients with indication for antiviral therapy were included in this study and were divided into 3 groups (1: 2: 2): Group A: REGN3048-3051 antibodies cocktail (casirivimab and imdevimab), group B: Remdesivir, group C: Favipiravir. The study design is a single-blind non-randomized controlled trial Mansoura University Hospital owns the study's drugs. The duration of the study was about 6 mo after ethical approval. RESULTS Casirivimab and imdevimab achieve less need for O2 therapy and IMV, with less duration of this need than remdesivir and favipiravir. CONCLUSION Group A (casirivimab and imdevimab) achieve better clinical outcomes than groups B (remdesivir) and C (favipiravir) intervention groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Kmal Hegazy
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt
| | - Samar Tharwat
- Rheumatology and Immunology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura university, Mansoura 35511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hosny Hassan
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Mansoura University Hospital, Mansoura 35511, Egypt
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2
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Hegazy SK, Tharwat S, Hassan AH. Study to compare the effect of casirivimab and imdevimab, remdesivir, and favipiravir on progression and multi-organ function of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230768. [PMID: 37588660 PMCID: PMC10426270 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused a progress in research to find a solution to this pandemic. Also, various advances in pharmacotherapy against COVID-19 have emerged. Regarding antiviral therapy, casirivimab and imdevimab are antibodies combination against COVID-19. Standard antiviral therapy against COVID-19 includes remdesivir and favipiravir. The objectives were to compare progression and multi-organ function of hospitalized COVID-19 patients between these three antiviral groups. 265 COVID-19 hospitalized patients were included in this study and were divided into 3 groups (1:2:2), respectively, Group (A): casirivimab and imdevimab, group (B): remdesivir, and group (C): favipiravir. The design of the study is a single blind non-randomized controlled trial. This study is a phase IV clinical trial (post-marketing study). The duration of the study was about 6 months after receiving the ethical approval. Casirivimab and imdevimab achieved less case progression as presented by lower World Health Organization scale (P < 0.05 in comparing group A with B and C) and better multi-organ functions as presented by lower Sequential Organ Function Assessment score (P < 0.05 in comparing group A with B and C) than remdesivir and favipiravir. From all these results, it is concluded that Group A (casirivimab and imdevimab) produces better outcomes than B (remdesivir) and C (favipiravir) intervention groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar K. Hegazy
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, PC: 31511, Egypt
| | - Samar Tharwat
- Rheumatology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, PC: 35511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H. Hassan
- Clinical pharmacy Department, Mansoura University Hospital, Mansoura, PC: 35511, Egypt
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3
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Hegazy SK, Tharwat S, Hassan AH. Clinical study to compare the efficacy and safety of casirivimab & imdevimab, remdesivir, and favipravir in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY PLUS 2023; 3:100151. [PMID: 37220480 PMCID: PMC10169321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Corona Virus disease - 2019 (COVID-19) disease induces scientific research to find a control to this pandemic from 2020 year up to now. Recently, various advances in pharmacotherapy against COVID-19 have emerged. Objectives To compare the efficacy and safety of antibodies cocktail (casirivimab and imdevimab), Remdesivir, and Favipravir in the COVID-19 patients. Study design This study is a single-blind non-Randomized Controlled Trial (non-RCT). The drugs of the study are prescribed by lectures on chest diseases, faculty of medicine-Mansoura University. The duration of the study is about six months after ethical approval.265 hospitalized COVID-19 patients were used to represent the COVID-19 population and were assigned into three groups in a ratio of (1:2:2) respectively, Group (A) received REGN3048-3051(Antibodies cocktail (casirivimab and imdevimab)), group (B) received remdesivir, and group (C) received favipravir. Results Casirivimab and imdevimab achieve less 28-day mortality rate, and less mortality at hospital discharge than Remdesivir, and Favipravir. Conclusion From all of these results, it is concluded that Group A (Casirivimab & imdevimab) achieves more favorable outcomes than B (Remdesivir) & C (Favipravir) intervention groups. Clinical trial registration NCT05502081, 16/08/2022, Clinicaltrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar K Hegazy
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Samar Tharwat
- Rheumtology and Immunology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Hassan
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Mansoura University Hospital, Egypt
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4
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Bekheit MS, Panda SS, Girgis AS. Potential RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitors as prospective drug candidates for SARS-CoV-2. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 252:115292. [PMID: 36965227 PMCID: PMC10023213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is considered as one of the most disastrous pandemics for human health and the world economy. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is one of the key enzymes that control viral replication. RdRp is an attractive and promising therapeutic target for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 disease. It has attracted much interest of medicinal chemists, especially after the approval of Remdesivir. This study highlights the most promising SARS-CoV-2 RdRp repurposed drugs in addition to natural and synthetic agents. Although many in silico predicted agents have been developed, the lack of in vitro and in vivo experimental data has hindered their application in drug discovery programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Bekheit
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Siva S Panda
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
| | - Adel S Girgis
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
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5
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Caldonazo T, Treml RE, Vianna FSL, Tasoudis P, Kirov H, Mukharyamov M, Doenst T, Silva JM. Outcomes comparison between the first and the subsequent SARS-CoV-2 waves - a systematic review and meta-analysis. Multidiscip Respir Med 2023; 18:933. [PMID: 38155706 PMCID: PMC10690722 DOI: 10.4081/mrm.2023.933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, health care professionals dealing with COVID-19 had to rely exclusively on general supportive measures since specific treatments were unknown. The subsequent waves could be faced with new diagnostic and therapeutic tools (e.g., anti-viral medications and vaccines). We performed a meta-analysis and systematic review to compare clinical endpoints between the first and subsequent waves. Methods Three databases were assessed. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. The secondary outcomes were intensive care unit (ICU) mortality, ICU length of stay (LOS), acute renal failure, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) implantation, mechanical ventilation time, hospital LOS, systemic thromboembolism, myocarditis and ventilator associated pneumonia. Results A total of 25 studies with 126,153 patients were included. There was no significant difference for the primary endpoint (OR=0.94, 95% CI 0.83-1.07, p=0.35). The first wave group presented higher rates of ICU LOS (SMD= 0.23, 95% CI 0.11-0.35, p<0.01), acute renal failure (OR=1.71, 95% CI 1.36-2.15, p<0.01) and ECMO implantation (OR=1.64, 95% CI 1.06-2.52, p=0.03). The other endpoints did not show significant differences. Conclusions The analysis suggests that the first wave group, when compared with the subsequent waves group, presented higher rates of ICU LOS, acute renal failure and ECMO implantation, without significant difference in in-hospital or ICU mortality, mechanical ventilation time, hospital LOS, systemic thromboembolism, myocarditis or ventilator- associated pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulio Caldonazo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Germany
| | - Ricardo E Treml
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Germany
| | - Felipe S L Vianna
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Intensive Care, Israeli Hospital Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Panagiotis Tasoudis
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (NC), USA
| | - Hristo Kirov
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Germany
| | - Murat Mukharyamov
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Germany
| | - Torsten Doenst
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Germany
| | - João M Silva
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Intensive Care, Israeli Hospital Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Lang X, Liu J, Zhang G, Feng X, Dan W. Knowledge Mapping of Drug Repositioning's Theme and Development. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:1157-1174. [PMID: 37096060 PMCID: PMC10122475 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s405906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, the emergence of new diseases and resistance to known diseases have led to increasing demand for new drugs. By means of bibliometric analysis, this paper studied the relevant articles on drug repositioning in recent years and analyzed the current research foci and trends. Methodology The Web of Science database was searched to collect all relevant literature on drug repositioning from 2001 to 2022. These data were imported into CiteSpace and bibliometric online analysis platforms for bibliometric analysis. The processed data and visualized images predict the development trends in the research field. Results The quality and quantity of articles published after 2011 have improved significantly, with 45 of them cited more than 100 times. Articles posted by journals from different countries have high citation values. Authors from other institutions have also collaborated to analyze drug rediscovery. Keywords found in the literature include molecular docking (N=223), virtual screening (N=170), drug discovery (N=126), machine learning (N=125), and drug-target interaction (N=68); these words represent the core content of drug repositioning. Conclusion The key focus of drug research and development is related to the discovery of new indications for drugs. Researchers are starting to retarget drugs after analyzing online databases and clinical trials. More and more drugs are being targeted at other diseases to treat more patients, based on saving money and time. It is worth noting that researchers need more financial and technical support to complete drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Lang
- Pharmacy Department, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinlei Liu
- Cardiology Department, Guang ‘anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangzhong Zhang
- Dermatological Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Feng
- Pharmacy Department, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenchao Dan
- Dermatological Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Wenchao Dan, Dermatological Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13652001152, Email
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Kisszékelyi P, Peňaška T, Stankovianska K, Mečiarová M, Šebesta R. Derivatives of benzo-1,4-thiazine-3-carboxylic acid and the corresponding amino acid conjugates. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:1195-1202. [PMID: 36128428 PMCID: PMC9475188 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we present the synthesis and utilization of derivatives of 4H-benzo[b][1,4]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid. These benzothiazine compounds were assembled via the coupling of aminothiols and bromopyruvates. Oxidative dimerization of these starting materials was also observed and the corresponding benzothiazine dimers were isolated. Moreover, the coupling of benzothiazines with amino acids was realized. In doing so, an enantioselective synthesis of the nonproteinogenic amino acid 2-amino-3-propylhexanoic acid was accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Kisszékelyi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tibor Peňaška
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Klára Stankovianska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Mária Mečiarová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Radovan Šebesta
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Konstantinova ID, L.Andronova V, Fateev IV, Esipov RS. Favipiravir and Its Structural Analogs: Antiviral Activity and Synthesis Methods. Acta Naturae 2022; 14:16-38. [PMID: 35923566 PMCID: PMC9307979 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
1,4-Pyrazine-3-carboxamide-based antiviral compounds have been under intensive study for the last 20 years. One of these compounds, favipiravir (6-fluoro-3-hydroxypyrazine-2-carboxamide, T-705), is approved for use against the influenza infection in a number of countries. Now, favipiravir is being actively used against COVID-19. This review describes the in vivo metabolism of favipiravir, the mechanism of its antiviral activity, clinical findings, toxic properties, and the chemical synthesis routes for its production. We provide data on the synthesis and antiviral activity of structural analogs of favipiravir, including nucleosides and nucleotides based on them.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. D. Konstantinova
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - V. L.Andronova
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
- FSBI «National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya» of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, 123098 Russia
| | - I. V. Fateev
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - R. S. Esipov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
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9
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Negru PA, Radu AF, Vesa CM, Behl T, Abdel-Daim MM, Nechifor AC, Endres L, Stoicescu M, Pasca B, Tit DM, Bungau SG. Therapeutic dilemmas in addressing SARS-CoV-2 infection: Favipiravir versus Remdesivir. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 147:112700. [PMID: 35131656 PMCID: PMC8813547 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents an unmet clinical need, due to a high mortality rate, rapid mutation rate in the virus, increased chances of reinfection, lack of effectiveness of repurposed drugs and economic damage. COVID-19 pandemic has created an urgent need for effective molecules. Clinically proven efficacy and safety profiles have made favipiravir (FVP) and remdesivir (RDV) promising therapeutic options for use against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Even though both are prodrug molecules with an antiviral role based on a similar mechanism of action, differences in pharmacological, pharmacokinetic and pharmacotoxicological mechanisms have been identified. The present study aims to provide a comprehensive comparative assessment of FVP and RDV against SARS-CoV-2 infections, by centralizing medical data provided by significant literature and authorized clinical trials, focusing on the importance of a better understanding of the interactions between drug molecules and infectious agents in order to improve the global management of COVID-19 patients and to reduce the risk of antiviral resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Andrei Negru
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania.
| | - Andrei-Flavius Radu
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania.
| | - Cosmin Mihai Vesa
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania.
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India.
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jedah 21442, Saudi Arabia,Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Aurelia Cristina Nechifor
- Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Department, Polytechnic University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Laura Endres
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Recovery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania.
| | - Manuela Stoicescu
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania.
| | - Bianca Pasca
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania.
| | - Delia Mirela Tit
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania.
| | - Simona Gabriela Bungau
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania.
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10
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Dealing with Corticosteroid and High-Dose Cyclosporine Therapy in a Pyoderma Gangrenosum Patient Contracting a COVID-19 Infection. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12020173. [PMID: 35207660 PMCID: PMC8875703 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare and chronic neutrophil inflammation belonging to the spectrum of autoinflammatory disorders. Immunosuppressive therapy is the cornerstone of successful treatment. However, due to the global COVID-19 pandemic, physicians struggle with therapeutic strategies during infection. This paper describes the case of a 58-year-old patient with a very painful, rapidly increasing wound on his right foot, which was diagnosed as pyoderma gangrenosum. Five weeks after the initial treatment with high-dose immunosuppressives (combination therapy with cyclosporine A and systemic methylprednisolone), he became infected with COVID-19. Reduction in the immunosuppressive dosage proved effective, as the patient recovered from COVID-19 without any complication and showed rapid wound healing.
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Paula HSC, Santiago SB, Araújo LA, Pedroso CF, Marinho TA, Gonçalves IAJ, Santos TAP, Pinheiro RS, Oliveira GA, Batista KA. An overview on the current available treatment for COVID-19 and the impact of antibiotic administration during the pandemic. Braz J Med Biol Res 2021; 55:e11631. [PMID: 34909910 PMCID: PMC8851906 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2021e11631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has caused several problems in healthcare systems around the world, as to date, there is no effective and specific treatment against all forms of COVID-19. Currently, drugs with therapeutic potential are being tested, including antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-malarial, immunotherapy, and antibiotics. Although antibiotics have no direct effect on viral infections, they are often used against secondary bacterial infections, or even as empiric treatment to reduce viral load, infection, and replication of coronaviruses. However, there are many concerns about this therapeutic approach as it may accelerate and/or increase the long-term rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). We focused this overview on exploring candidate drugs for COVID-19 therapy, including antibiotics, considering the lack of specific treatment and that it is unclear whether the widespread use of antibiotics in the treatment of COVID-19 has implications for the emergence and transmission of multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S C Paula
- Departamento de Áreas Acadêmicas, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Goiás, Campus Goiânia Oeste, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - S B Santiago
- Departamento de Áreas Acadêmicas, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Goiás, Campus Goiânia Oeste, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - L A Araújo
- Departamento de Áreas Acadêmicas, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Goiás, Campus Goiânia Oeste, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - C F Pedroso
- Departamento de Áreas Acadêmicas, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Goiás, Campus Goiânia Oeste, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - T A Marinho
- Departamento de Áreas Acadêmicas, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Goiás, Campus Goiânia Oeste, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - I A J Gonçalves
- Departamento de Áreas Acadêmicas, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Goiás, Campus Goiânia Oeste, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - T A P Santos
- Departamento de Áreas Acadêmicas, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Goiás, Campus Goiânia Oeste, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - R S Pinheiro
- Departamento de Áreas Acadêmicas, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Goiás, Campus Goiânia Oeste, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - G A Oliveira
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Goiás, Campus Valparaíso, Valparaíso, GO, Brasil
| | - K A Batista
- Departamento de Áreas Acadêmicas, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Goiás, Campus Goiânia Oeste, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
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12
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Khan M, Mehran MT, Haq ZU, Ullah Z, Naqvi SR, Ihsan M, Abbass H. Applications of artificial intelligence in COVID-19 pandemic: A comprehensive review. EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS 2021; 185:115695. [PMID: 34400854 PMCID: PMC8359727 DOI: 10.1016/j.eswa.2021.115695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
During the current global public health emergency caused by novel coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), researchers and medical experts started working day and night to search for new technologies to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic. Recent studies have shown that artificial intelligence (AI) has been successfully employed in the health sector for various healthcare procedures. This study comprehensively reviewed the research and development on state-of-the-art applications of artificial intelligence for combating the COVID-19 pandemic. In the process of literature retrieval, the relevant literature from citation databases including ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Preprints from arXiv, medRxiv, and bioRxiv was selected. Recent advances in the field of AI-based technologies are critically reviewed and summarized. Various challenges associated with the use of these technologies are highlighted and based on updated studies and critical analysis, research gaps and future recommendations are identified and discussed. The comparison between various machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) methods, the dominant AI-based technique, mostly used ML and DL methods for COVID-19 detection, diagnosis, screening, classification, drug repurposing, prediction, and forecasting, and insights about where the current research is heading are highlighted. Recent research and development in the field of artificial intelligence has greatly improved the COVID-19 screening, diagnostics, and prediction and results in better scale-up, timely response, most reliable, and efficient outcomes, and sometimes outperforms humans in certain healthcare tasks. This review article will help researchers, healthcare institutes and organizations, government officials, and policymakers with new insights into how AI can control the COVID-19 pandemic and drive more research and studies for mitigating the COVID-19 outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzammil Khan
- School of Chemical & Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences & Technology, H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Taqi Mehran
- School of Chemical & Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences & Technology, H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Ul Haq
- School of Chemical & Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences & Technology, H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Ullah
- School of Chemical & Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences & Technology, H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Salman Raza Naqvi
- School of Chemical & Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences & Technology, H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Mehreen Ihsan
- Peshawar Medical College, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25000, Pakistan
| | - Haider Abbass
- National Cyber Security Auditing and Evaluation LAb, National University of Sciences & Technology, MCS Campus, Rawalpindi 43600, Pakistan
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13
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Abstract
No pharmaceutical products have been demonstrated to be safe and effective to specifically treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); therefore, the therapy administered to infected patients remains symptomatic and empiric. Alongside the development of new, often high-cost drugs, a different tactic is being applied in parallel, investigating long-established, inexpensive medications originally designed for a variety of diseases to study their potential in treating COVID-19. The skin is the largest organ of the human body. With more than 3,000 skin conditions identified, the specialty of dermatology offers a rich armamentarium of systemic therapeutic agents aimed to treat the various chronic immunologically mediated, metabolic, infectious, occupational, inherited, or paraneoplastic dermatoses. Dermatologists have extensive experience with many drugs that have demonstrated promising in vitro antiviral action (directly targeting the viral replication). Many of these drugs have been used as nonspecific immunosuppressive strategies, such as glucocorticoids, synthetic antimalarials, colchicine, or other immunomodulators, and a number of targeted therapeutics have been directed at controlling hyperinflammatory processes similar to the "cytokine storm" associated with COVID-19 infection. We discuss several dermatologic drugs that have already been used or may have a promising role in the treatment of COVID-19.
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14
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Zubair MS, Maulana S, Widodo A, Pitopang R, Arba M, Hariono M. GC-MS, LC-MS/MS, Docking and Molecular Dynamics Approaches to Identify Potential SARS-CoV-2 3-Chymotrypsin-Like Protease Inhibitors from Zingiber officinale Roscoe. Molecules 2021; 26:5230. [PMID: 34500664 PMCID: PMC8434146 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to identify and isolate the secondary metabolites of Zingiber officinale using GC-MS, preparative TLC, and LC-MS/MS methods, to evaluate the inhibitory potency on SARS-CoV-2 3 chymotrypsin-like protease enzyme, as well as to study the molecular interaction and stability by using docking and molecular dynamics simulations. GC-MS analysis suggested for the isolation of terpenoids compounds as major compounds on methanol extract of pseudostems and rhizomes. Isolation and LC-MS/MS analysis identified 5-hydro-7, 8, 2'-trimethoxyflavanone (9), (E)-hexadecyl-ferulate (1), isocyperol (2), N-isobutyl-(2E,4E)-octadecadienamide (3), and nootkatone (4) from the rhizome extract, as well as from the leaves extract with the absence of 9. Three known steroid compounds, i.e., spinasterone (7), spinasterol (8), and 24-methylcholesta-7-en-3β-on (6), were further identified from the pseudostem extract. Molecular docking showed that steroids compounds 7, 8, and 6 have lower predictive binding energies (MMGBSA) than other metabolites with binding energy of -87.91, -78.11, and -68.80 kcal/mole, respectively. Further characterization on the single isolated compound by NMR showed that 6 was identified and possessed 75% inhibitory activity on SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease enzyme that was slightly different with the positive control GC376 (77%). MD simulations showed the complex stability with compound 6 during 100 ns simulation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sulaiman Zubair
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Tadulako University, Palu 94118, Indonesia; (S.M.); (A.W.)
| | - Saipul Maulana
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Tadulako University, Palu 94118, Indonesia; (S.M.); (A.W.)
| | - Agustinus Widodo
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Tadulako University, Palu 94118, Indonesia; (S.M.); (A.W.)
| | - Ramadanil Pitopang
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Tadulako University, Palu 94118, Indonesia;
| | - Muhammad Arba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Halu Oleo University, Kendari 93231, Indonesia;
| | - Maywan Hariono
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sanata Darma University, Yogyakarta 55282, Indonesia
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15
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Shiryaev VA, Klimochkin YN. Main Chemotypes of SARS-CoV-2 Reproduction Inhibitors. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [PMCID: PMC8188765 DOI: 10.1134/s107042802105002x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has forced scientists all over the world to focus their effort on searching for targeted drugs for coronavirus chemotherapy. The present review is an attempt to systematize low-molecular-weight compounds, including well-known pharmaceuticals and natural substances that have exhibited high anti-coronavirus activity, not in terms of action on their targets, but in terms of their structural type.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. A. Shiryaev
- Samara State Technical University, 443100 Samara, Russia
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16
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Mengist HM, Mekonnen D, Mohammed A, Shi R, Jin T. Potency, Safety, and Pharmacokinetic Profiles of Potential Inhibitors Targeting SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:630500. [PMID: 33597888 PMCID: PMC7883113 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.630500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective, safe, and pharmacokinetically suitable drugs are urgently needed to curb the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The main protease or 3C-like protease (Mpro or 3CLpro) of SARS-CoV-2 is considered an important target to formulate potent drugs corresponding to its crucial role in virus replication and maturation in addition to its relatively conserved active site. Promising baseline data on the potency and safety of drugs targeting SARS-CoV-2 Mpro are currently available. However, preclinical and clinical data on the pharmacokinetic profiles of these drugs are very limited. This review discusses the potency, safety, and pharmacokinetic profiles of potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and forward directions on the development of future studies focusing on COVID-19 therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hylemariam Mihiretie Mengist
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Mekonnen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science and Medicine, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Ahmed Mohammed
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ronghua Shi
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Tengchuan Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
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17
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Li D, Hu J, Li D, Yang W, Yin SF, Qiu R. Reviews on Biological Activity, Clinical Trial and Synthesis Progress of Small Molecules for the Treatment of COVID-19. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2021; 379:4. [PMID: 33428032 PMCID: PMC7797499 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-020-00318-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has broken out rapidly in nearly all countries worldwide, and has blossomed into a pandemic. Since the beginning of the spread of COVID-19, many scientists have been cooperating to study a vast array of old drugs and new clinical trial drugs to discover potent drugs with anti-COVID-19 activity, including antiviral drugs, antimalarial drugs, immunosuppressants, Chinese medicines, Mpro inhibitors, JAK inhibitors, etc. The most commonly used drugs are antiviral compounds, antimalarial drugs and JAK inhibitors. In this review, we summarize mainly the antimalarial drugs chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, the antiviral drugs Favipiravir and Remdesivir, and JAK inhibitor Ruxolitinib, discussing their biological activities, clinical trials and synthesis progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingzhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dian Li
- Department of Modern Economy and Trade, Hunan Vocational College of Engineering, Changsha, 410151, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuang-Feng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Renhua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.
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