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Oliveira LM, Siqueira FS, Silva MT, Machado JVC, Cordeiro CF, Diniz LF, Campos MMA, Franco LL, Souza TB, Hawkes JA, Carvalho DT. Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of molecular hybrids based on eugenol and chloramphenicol pharmacophores. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2023; 68:823-833. [PMID: 37118368 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-023-01057-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
In the constant search for new pharmacological compounds, molecular hybridisation is a well-known technique whereby two or more known pharmacophoric subunits are combined to create a new "hybrid" compound. This hybrid is expected to maintain the characteristics of the original compounds whilst demonstrating improvements to their pharmacological action. Accordingly, we report here a series of molecular hybrid compounds based upon eugenol and chloramphenicol pharmacophores. The hybrid compounds were screened for their in vitro antimicrobial potential against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and also rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM). The results highlight that the antimicrobial profiles of the hybrid compounds improve in a very clear fashion when moving through the series. The most prominent results were found when comparing the activity of the hybrid compounds against some of the multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, methicillin-resistant clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and clinical isolates of rapidly growing mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas M Oliveira
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, D-208E, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Fallon S Siqueira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Michelle T Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, D-208E, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - José V C Machado
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, D-208E, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Cleydson F Cordeiro
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, D-208E, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Lívia F Diniz
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Marli M A Campos
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Lucas L Franco
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, D-208E, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Thiago B Souza
- Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Jamie A Hawkes
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, D-208E, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Diogo T Carvalho
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, D-208E, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
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2
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Patel S, Mishra S. Synthesis of bile acid-thiadiazole conjugates as antibacterial and antioxidant agents. Steroids 2023; 198:109273. [PMID: 37460006 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial and antioxidant activity of thiadiazole-deoxycholic/lithocholic acid conjugates are described in this communication. The structures of the synthesised bile acid-thiadiazole conjugates were studied using 1H NMR, 13C NMR and FTIR. Compounds 4c (IC50; 15.34 ± 0.07 μM) and 5c (IC50; 13.45 ± 0.25 μM) demonstrated greater antioxidant activity than the reference compound ascorbic acid (IC50; 20.72 ± 1.02 μM) in DPPH assay. The most effective conjugates against P. vulgarise were 4c (IC50; 24 ± 2.3 μM), 4 g (IC50; 29 ± 2.5 μM), and 5c (IC50; 93 ± 3.6 μM), whereas the most effective conjugates against E. coli were 4e (IC50; 55 ± 2.1 μM) and 4f (IC50; 52 ± 3.5 μM). Conjugates 4c and 5c were the most effective against B. megaterium of all the synthesised conjugates, with IC50 values of 15 ± 1.08 and 20 ± 1.1 μM, respectively. Thus, a large library of compounds derived from bile acid can be easily synthesised for extensive structure-activity relationship studies in order to identify the most appropriate antibacterial agents and antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejal Patel
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382426, India
| | - Satyendra Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382426, India.
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3
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Mehta D, Saini V, Bajaj A. Recent developments in membrane targeting antifungal agents to mitigate antifungal resistance. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1603-1628. [PMID: 37731690 PMCID: PMC10507810 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00151b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections cause severe and life-threatening complications especially in immunocompromised individuals. Antifungals targeting cellular machinery and cell membranes including azoles are used in clinical practice to manage topical to systemic fungal infections. However, continuous exposure to clinically used antifungal agents in managing the fungal infections results in the development of multi-drug resistance via adapting different kinds of intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. The unique chemical composition of fungal membranes presents attractive targets for antifungal drug discovery as it is difficult for fungal cells to modify the membrane targets for emergence of drug resistance. Here, we discussed available antifungal drugs with their detailed mechanism of action and described different antifungal resistance mechanisms. We further emphasized structure-activity relationship studies of membrane-targeting antifungal agents, and classified membrane-targeting antifungal agents on the basis of their core scaffold with detailed pharmacological properties. This review aims to pique the interest of potential researchers who could explore this interesting and intricate fungal realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devashish Mehta
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology Faridabad-121001 Haryana India
| | - Varsha Saini
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology Faridabad-121001 Haryana India
| | - Avinash Bajaj
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology Faridabad-121001 Haryana India
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Agarwal DS, Sakhuja R, Beteck RM, Legoabe LJ. Steroid-triazole conjugates: A brief overview of synthesis and their application as anticancer agents. Steroids 2023:109258. [PMID: 37330161 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Steroids are biomolecules that play pivotal roles in various physiological and drug discovery processes. Abundant research has been fuelled towards steroid-heterocycles conjugates over the last few decades as potential therapeutic agents against various diseases especially as anticancer agents. In this context various steroid-triazole conjugates have been synthesized and studied for their anticancer potential against various cancer cell lines. A thorough search of the literatures revealed that a concise review pertaining the present topic is not compiled. Therefore, in thus review we summarize the synthesis, anticancer activity against various cancer cell lines and structure activity relationship (SAR) of various steroid-triazole conjugates. This review can lay down the path towards the development of various steroid-heterocycles conjugates with lesser side effects and profound efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesh S Agarwal
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Rajeev Sakhuja
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333 031, India
| | - Richard M Beteck
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Lesetja J Legoabe
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
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Investigation of α,ω-Disubstituted Polyamine-Cholic Acid Conjugates Identifies Hyodeoxycholic and Chenodeoxycholic Scaffolds as Non-Toxic, Potent Antimicrobials. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020404. [PMID: 36830315 PMCID: PMC9951859 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increased incidence of antibiotic resistance, the discovery and development of new antibacterials is of increasing importance and urgency. The report of the natural product antibiotic squalamine in 1993 has stimulated a lot of interest in the study of structurally simplified cholic acid-polyamine derivatives. We report the synthesis of a focused set of deoxycholic acid-polyamine conjugates and the identification of hyodeoxycholic acid derivatives as being potently active towards S. aureus MRSA and some fungal strains, but with no attendant cytotoxicity or hemolytic properties. Analogue 7e exhibited bactericidal activity towards a range of Gram-positive bacteria, while preliminary investigation of its mechanism of action ruled out the bacterial membrane as being a primary cellular target as determined using an ATP-release bioluminescence assay.
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Synthesis, Molecular Docking, and Preclinical Evaluation of a New Succinimide Derivative for Cardioprotective, Hepatoprotective and Lipid-Lowering Effects. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196199. [PMID: 36234730 PMCID: PMC9573045 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac and hepatotoxicities are major concerns in the development of new drugs. Better alternatives to other treatments are being sought to protect these vital organs from the toxicities of these pharmaceuticals. In this regard, a preclinical study is designed to investigate the histopathological effects of a new succinimide derivative (Comp-1) on myocardial and liver tissues, and the biochemical effects on selected cardiac biomarkers, hepatic enzymes, and lipid profiles. For this, an initially lethal/toxic dose was determined, followed by a grouping of selected albino rats into five groups (each group had n = 6). The control group received daily oral saline for 8 days. The 5-FU (5-Fluorouracil) group received oral saline daily for 8 days, added with the administration of a single dose of 5-FU (150 mg/kg I.P.) on day 5 of the study. The atenolol group received oral atenolol (20 mg/kg) for 8 days and 5-FU (150 mg/kg I.P.) on day 5 of the protocol. Similarly, two groups of rats treated with test compound (Comp-1) were administered with 5 mg/kg I.P. and 10 mg/kg I.P. for 8 days, followed by 5-FU (150 mg/kg I.P.) on day 5. Toxicity induced by 5-FU was manifested by increases in the serum creatinine kinase myocardial band (CK-MB), troponin I (cTnI) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lipid profile, and selected liver enzymes, including ALP (alkaline phosphatase), ALT (alanine transaminase), AST (aspartate aminotransferase), BT (bilirubin total), and BD (direct bilirubin). These biomarkers were highly significantly decreased after the administration of the mentioned doses of the test compound (5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg). Similarly, histological examination revealed cardiac and hepatic tissue toxicity by 5-FU. However, those toxic effects were also significantly recovered/improved after the administration of Comp-1 at the said doses. This derivative showed dose-dependent effects and was most effective at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight. Binding energy data computed via docking simulations revealed that our compound interacts toward the human beta2-adrenergic G protein-coupled receptor (S = −7.89 kcal/mol) with a slight stronger affinity than the calcium channel T-type (S = −7.07 kcal/mol). In conclusion, the histological and biochemical results showed that the test compound (Comp-1) had prominent cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, and lipolytic effects against 5-FU-induced toxicity in the subjected animal model.
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Bansal R, Suryan A. A Comprehensive Review on Steroidal Bioconjugates as Promising Leads in Drug Discovery. ACS BIO & MED CHEM AU 2022; 2:340-369. [PMID: 37102169 PMCID: PMC10125316 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.1c00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ever increasing unmet medical requirements of the human race and the continuous fight for survival against variety of diseases give birth to novel molecules through research. As diseases evolve, different strategies are employed to counter the new challenges and to discover safer, more effective, and target-specific therapeutic agents. Among several novel approaches, bioconjugation, in which two chemical moieties are joined together to achieve noticeable results, has emerged as a simple and convenient technique for a medicinal chemist to obtain potent molecules. The steroid system has been extensively used as a privileged scaffold gifted with significantly diversified medicinal properties in the drug discovery and development process. Steroidal molecules are preferred for their rigidness and good ability to penetrate biological membranes. Slight alteration in the basic ring structure results in the formation of steroidal derivatives with a wide range of therapeutic activities. Steroids are not only active as such, conjugating them with various biologically active moieties results in increased lipophilicity, stability, and target specificity with decreased adverse effects. Thus, the steroid nucleus prominently behaves as a biological carrier for small molecules. The steroid bioconjugates offer several advantages such as synergistic activity with fewer side effects due to reduced dose and selective therapy. The steroidal bioconjugates have been widely explored for their usefulness against various disorders and have shown significant utility as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, antimicrobial, insecticidal/pesticidal, antioxidant, and antiviral agents along with several other miscellaneous activities. This work provides a comprehensive review on the therapeutic progression of steroidal bioconjugates as medicinally active molecules. The review covers potential biological applications of steroidal bioconjugates and would benefit the wider scientific community in their drug discovery endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranju Bansal
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Amruta Suryan
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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8
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Trukhanova Y, Alekseeva GM, Yakovlev IP, Spiridonova DV. Attestation of the primary standard sample of a new analgesic agent 1-phenyl(phenylimino)methyl) pyrrolidine-2,5-dione, development and validation of a method for quantitative determination of the substance by HPLC. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Lin C, Wang Y, Le M, Chen KF, Jia YG. Recent Progress in Bile Acid-Based Antimicrobials. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:395-410. [PMID: 33683873 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
With the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria and the formation of biofilms by bacteria and fungi, microbial infections gradually threaten global health. Natural antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have low susceptibility for developing resistance due to the membrane targeted mechanism, but instability and high manufacturing cost limit their applications in clinic. Bile acids, a group of steroids in the human body, with high stability, biocompatibility, and inherent facial amphiphilic structure similar to the characteristics of AMPs, have been applied to the biological field, such as drug delivery systems, self-healing hydrogels, antimicrobials, and so on. In this review, we mainly focus on the different classes of bile acid-based antimicrobials in recent years. Various designs and methods for the preparation of unimolecular antimicrobials with bile acid skeletons are first introduced, including coupling of primary amine, quaternary ammonium, and amino acid units with bile acid skeletons. Some representative oligomeric antimicrobials, including dimers of bile acids, are summarized. Finally, macromolecular antimicrobials bearing some positive charges at the main chain or side chain and interaction mechanisms of these bile acid-based antimicrobials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yushi Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mengqi Le
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kai-Feng Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yong-Guang Jia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Synthesis, crystal structure, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory anti-oxidant and quantum chemical studies of 4-(pyrrolidine-2,5‑dione‑1-yl)phenol. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Hassanzadeh F, Daneshvar N, Shirini F, Mamaghani M. Introduction of a new bis-derivative of succinimide (Bis-Su) as a sustainable and efficient basic organo-catalyst for the synthesis of arylidene malononitrile and tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran derivatives under green conditions. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-020-04235-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Hassanzadeh F, Shirini F, Mamaghani M, Daneshvar N. Introduction of Succinimide as A Green and Sustainable Organo-Catalyst for the Synthesis of Arylidene Malononitrile and Tetrahydrobenzo[b] pyran Derivatives. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2020; 24:155-163. [PMID: 32646356 DOI: 10.2174/1386207323666200709170916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVE In this work, we tried to introduce a non-toxic and stable organic compound named succinimide as a green and efficient organo-catalyst for the promotion of the synthesis of arylidene malononitrile and tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran derivatives. Using this method led to a clean procedure to achieve these types of bioactive compounds without a specific purification step. The rate and yield of the reactions were excellent, and also succinimide showed acceptable reusability as the catalyst. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a 25 mL round-bottom flask, [A: a mixture of aromatic aldehyde (1 mmol), malononitrile (1.1 mmol) and B: a mixture of aromatic aldehyde (1.0 mmol), malononitrile (1.1 mmol)] and succinimide (0.2 mmol) in H2O/ EtOH [5 mL (1:1)] was stirred at 80 °C for an appropriate time. After completion of the reaction, which was monitored by TLC [n-hexane-EtOAc (7:3)], the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and the solid product was filtered, washed several times with cold distilled water to obtain the corresponding pure product. RESULTS After the optimization of the conditions and amount of the catalyst, a series of aromatic aldehydes containing either-electron-donating or electron-withdrawing substituents were successfully used for both of the reactions. The reactions rates and yields under the selected conditions were excellent. The nature and electronic properties of the substituents had no obvious effect on the rate and yield of the reaction. Meanwhile, the catalyst showed acceptable reusability for these two reactions. CONCLUSION In this work, we have introduced Succinimide as a green and safe organo-catalyst for the efficient synthesis arylidene malononitrile and tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran derivatives. The results showed that the catalyst had excellent efficiency in green aqueous media and also the reusability of the catalyst was good.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Hassanzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Guilan, University Campus 2, Rasht, Iran
| | - Farhad Shirini
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Guilan, University Campus 2, Rasht, Iran
| | - Manouchehr Mamaghani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Guilan, University Campus 2, Rasht, Iran
| | - Nader Daneshvar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Guilan, University Campus 2, Rasht, Iran
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Mishra R, Mishra S. Updates in bile acid-bioactive molecule conjugates and their applications. Steroids 2020; 159:108639. [PMID: 32222373 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bile acid conjugates are emerging as important chemical resources due to their low cost and wide availability of bile acids, making them privileged molecules in drug carrier systems and building blocks for derivatization and chiral template introduction into bioactive molecules. In recent years, bile acids as scaffolds in supramolecular, medicinal, and material chemistry attracted prime focus of researchers as an area of research to be followed with passion. Due to peculiar physicochemical and biological properties, bile acid exhibited various applications in biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. In this review, the bile acid conjugations with different bioactive compounds have been discussed to understand their influence on the bioavailability of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roli Mishra
- Department of Physical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382007, India
| | - Satyendra Mishra
- Department of Physical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382007, India.
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14
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Mishra S, Patel S. Design, Synthesis, and Anti-bacterial Activity of Novel Deoxycholic Acid- Amino Alcohol Conjugates. Med Chem 2020; 16:385-391. [DOI: 10.2174/1573406415666190206231002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Numerous synthetic bile acid derivatives have been recognized for their
various biological activities. Among these, bile acid amides have emerged as an attractive antibacterial
agent. We herein illustrate the synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of deoxycholic acidamino
alcohols conjugates.
Objective:
Design and Synthesis of novel deoxycholic acid-amino alcohol conjugates to investigate
their antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus.
Methods:
Novel deoxycholic acid-amino alcohol conjugates were synthesized, from conjugation
of deoxycholic acid-NHS ester with amino alcohols. Various amino alcohols moieties were appended
to the C24 position of deoxycholic acid to yield deoxycholic acid-amino alcohol conjugates.
All the synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR and massspectroscopy.
The entire synthesized deoxycholic acid-amino alcohol conjugates were evaluated
for their antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus using the broth dilution method.
Results:
The outcome illustrated that some of the novel deoxycholic acid-amino alcohol
conjugates exhibited enhanced anti-bacterial activities. Amongst them, deoxycholic acid-amino
alcohol conjugate containing (-R)-2-aminocyclohexanol (1) demonstrated promising efficacy
against both strains S. aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC 15 μg/mL) and E. coli ATCC 25922 (MIC 45
μg/mL) and was identified as a lead molecule.
Conclusion:
Numbers of novel deoxycholic acid-amino alcohol conjugates were synthesized and
their antimicrobial activities provided useful information that the potency was strongly depending
on the structures of deoxycholic acid-amino alcohol conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyendra Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Engineering and Enterprise, Institute of Advanced Research, Koba Institutional, Area Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382426, India
| | - Sejal Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Engineering and Enterprise, Institute of Advanced Research, Koba Institutional, Area Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382426, India
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15
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Bibi A, Shah T, Sadiq A, Khalid N, Ullah F, Iqbal A. l-Isoleucine-catalyzed Michael Synthesis of N-Alkylsuccinimide Derivatives and Their Antioxidant Activity Assessment. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428019110174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Jan MS, Ahmad S, Hussain F, Ahmad A, Mahmood F, Rashid U, Abid OUR, Ullah F, Ayaz M, Sadiq A. Design, synthesis, in-vitro, in-vivo and in-silico studies of pyrrolidine-2,5-dione derivatives as multitarget anti-inflammatory agents. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 186:111863. [PMID: 31740050 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, drug discovery paradigm has been shifted from conventional single target inhibition toward multitarget design concept. In current research, we have reported synthesis, in-vitro, in-vivo and acute toxicity determination of N-substituted pyrrolidine-2,5-dione derivatives as multitarget anti-inflammatory agents. We synthesized cycloalkyl, alkyl and aryl carbonyl derivatives by the Michael addition of ketones to N-substituted maleimides using self-assembled three component system as an organocatalyst. Anti-inflammatory potential of the compounds was determined by using different in-vitro assays, like cyclooxygenase-1, cyclooxygenase-2 and 5-lipoxygenase, albumin denaturation and anti-protease assays. Amongst the synthesized compounds, 13a-e series of compounds showed inhibition in low micromolar to submicromolar ranges. These compounds also demonstrated COX-2 selectivity. Compound 13e with IC50 value 0.98 μM and SI of 31.5 emerged as the most potent inhibitor of COX-2. Based on in-vitro results, in-vivo anti-inflammatory investigations were performed on compounds 3b and 13evia carrageenan induced paw edema test. The possible mode of action of compounds 3b and 13e were ascertained with various mediators like histamine, bradykinin, prostaglandin and leukotriene. In-vivo acute toxicity study showed the safety of synthesized compounds up to 1000 mg/kg dose. The selectivity of the compounds against cyclooxygenase isoforms was supported by docking simulations. Selective COX-2 inhibitors showed significant interactions with the amino acid residues present in additional secondary COX-2 enzyme pocket. Furthermore, in-silico pharmacokinetic predictions confer the drug-like characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saeed Jan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara, 18000, Dir (L), KP, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara, 18000, Dir (L), KP, Pakistan
| | - Fida Hussain
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara, 18000, Dir (L), KP, Pakistan; Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Swabi, KP, Pakistan
| | - Ashfaq Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara, 18000, Dir (L), KP, Pakistan
| | - Fawad Mahmood
- Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science & Technology, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Umer Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Abbottabad, Pakistan.
| | | | - Farhat Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara, 18000, Dir (L), KP, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ayaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara, 18000, Dir (L), KP, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Sadiq
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara, 18000, Dir (L), KP, Pakistan.
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17
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Novel Derivatives of Deoxycholic Acid Bearing Linear Aliphatic Diamine and Aminoalcohol Moieties and their Cyclic Analogs at the C3 Position: Synthesis and Evaluation of Their In Vitro Antitumor Potential. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24142644. [PMID: 31330911 PMCID: PMC6681416 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of novel deoxycholic acid (DCA) derivatives containing aliphatic diamine and aminoalcohol or morpholine moieties at the C3 position were synthesized by 3,26-epoxide ring-opening reactions. These compounds were investigated for their cytotoxicity in four human tumor cell lines and murine macrophages and for inhibitory activity against macrophage-mediated NO synthesis in vitro. Obtained data revealed that: (i) all amine-containing substituents significantly increased the cytotoxicity of the novel compounds (IC502–10 = 1.0–36.0 μM) in comparison with DCA (IC50DCA ≥ 82.9 μM); (ii) aminoalcohol moieties were more preferable than diamine moieties due to the fact they imparted better selectivity for tumor cells of the novel derivatives; (iii) the susceptibility of tested cell lines to derivatives diminished in the following order: HuTu-80 (duodenal carcinoma) ≈ HepG2 (hepatocarcinoma) > KB-3-1 (cervical carcinoma) > RAW264.7 (macrophages) > A549 (lung carcinoma); (iv) compounds 8 and 9, bearing aminoethanol and aminopropanol moieties, respectively, exhibited high cytotoxic selectivity indexes (SIHuTu-80 = 7.9 and 8.3, respectively) and good drug-likeness parameters; (v) the novel compounds do not display anti-NO activity. Mechanistic study revealed that compound 9 induces ROS-dependent cell death by activation of intrinsic caspase-dependent apoptosis and cytodestructive autophagy in HuTu-80 cells and vitamin D receptor can be considered as its primary target.
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18
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Manohar R, Harikrishna M, Etti SH, Ramanathan C, Gunasekaran K. Crystal structure of 4,5,6,7,8,8-hexa-chloro-2-(3,4-di-meth-oxy-pheneth-yl)-3a,4,7,7a-tetra-hydro-1 H-4,7-methano-iso-indole-1,3(2 H)-dione [+solvent]. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2019; 75:562-564. [PMID: 31110786 PMCID: PMC6505607 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989019004109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C19H15Cl6NO4 [+solvent], the six-membered ring of the norbornene moiety adopts a boat conformation and the two five-membered rings have envelope conformations. The pyrrolidine ring makes a dihedral angle of 14.83 (12)° with the 3,4-di-meth-oxy-phenyl ring, which are attached to each other by an extended N-CH2-CH2-Car bridge. In the crystal, the structure features C-H⋯O inter-molecular hydrogen bonds, an offset π-π inter-action [inter-centroid distance = 3.564 (1) Å] and a C-Cl⋯π inter-action. The contribution of some disordered solvent to the scattering was removed using the SQUEEZE routine [Spek (2015 ▸). Acta Cryst. C71, 9-18] of PLATON. The solvent contribution was not included in the reported mol-ecular weight and density.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Manohar
- Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - M. Harikrishna
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry 605 014, India
| | | | - C. Ramanathan
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry 605 014, India
| | - K. Gunasekaran
- Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
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19
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Exploration of tautomerizations of succinimide and maleimide assisted by ammonia and methanol: a theoretical perspective. Theor Chem Acc 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-019-2446-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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New cholic acid analogs: synthesis and 17 β-hydroxydehydrogenase (17 β-HSD) inhibition activity. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2018-0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) enzyme family is involved in the biosynthesis of active steroids and its inhibition constitutes an interesting approach for treating estrogen-, androgen-dependent cancers and osteoporosis. In this study, a new series of cholic acid analogs was designed with the goal of improving the biological activity as 17β-HSD1 and 17β-HSD2 inhibitors. To this end, 23-cholyl amides 4–7, 3-O-p-toluenesulfonyl-23-cholyl amides 10–12, 23-cholyl-carbohydrazide 14, carbothioamide analog 15, and 23-cholyl-acylhydrazone derivatives 18–22 were synthesized from cholic acid (3) via coupling, sulfonation and substitution reactions. Basic treatment of keto group of 5 with p-bromoaniline afforded 8, meanwhile acidic treatment of 3 with thiosemicarbazide furnished the 23-cholyl-thiadiazole derivative 16. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their inhibition activity against 17β-HSD1 and 17β-HSD2, and were found inactive at 1.0 μm concentration (inhibition <10%). However, the steroids 12, 21 and 22 showed inhibition of 21.1, 23.9 and 21.3%, respectively, against 17β-HSD2 at the same concentration. Therefore, these steroidal analogs can be further structurally modified to optimize their inhibition activity against 17β-HSD2 for the development of potential therapeutics.
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21
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Theoretical analysis of tautomerization of succinimide and analogous compounds: insights from DFT approach. Struct Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-018-1075-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Popadyuk II, Markov AV, Morozova EA, Babich VO, Salomatina OV, Logashenko EB, Zenkova MA, Tolstikova TG, Salakhutdinov NF. Synthesis and evaluation of antitumor, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of novel deoxycholic acid derivatives bearing aryl- or hetarylsulfanyl moieties at the C-3 position. Steroids 2017; 127:1-12. [PMID: 28887170 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Novel deoxycholic acid (DCA) derivatives were stereoselectively synthesised with -OH and -CH2SR moieties at the C-3 position, where R was a substituted aryl [2-aminophenyl (8) or 4-chlorophenyl (9)] or hetaryl [1-methylimidazolyl (5), 1,2,4-triazolyl (6), 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazolyl (7), pyridinyl (10) or pyrimidinyl (11)]. These compounds were prepared in good yields from the C-3β-epoxy derivative 2 in the epoxide ring-opening reaction by S-nucleophiles. These derivatives were evaluated for their in vitro anti-proliferation activity in a panel of tumor cell lines. Data showed that: (i) heterocycle-containing derivatives displayed higher cytotoxicity profiles than the parent molecule; (ii) heterocyclic substituents were more preferable than aryl moieties for enhancing anti-proliferation activity; (iii) the sensitivity of tumor cell lines to analysed compounds decreased in the following order: HuTu-80 (duodenal carcinoma)>KB-3-1 (cervical carcinoma)>HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma)>MH-22a (hepatoma); (iv) compounds 5, 6 and 11 exhibited a high cytotoxic selectivity index (HuTu-80: SI>7.7, 38.5 and 12.0, respectively). Compounds 2 and 6-8 markedly inhibited NO synthesis by interferon γ-induced macrophages. Screening for anti-inflammatory activity of these derivatives in vivo showed their high potency on histamine- (5, 10) and formalin- (2, 10, 11) induced paw edema models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina I Popadyuk
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, 9, Lavrent'ev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation.
| | - Andrey V Markov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, 8, Lavrent'ev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina A Morozova
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, 9, Lavrent'ev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Valeriya O Babich
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, 8, Lavrent'ev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation; Novosibirsk State University, 2, Pirogova Str., Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Oksana V Salomatina
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, 9, Lavrent'ev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeniya B Logashenko
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, 8, Lavrent'ev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Marina A Zenkova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, 8, Lavrent'ev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Tat'yana G Tolstikova
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, 9, Lavrent'ev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Nariman F Salakhutdinov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, 9, Lavrent'ev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation; Novosibirsk State University, 2, Pirogova Str., Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
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23
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Kozanecka-Okupnik W, Jasiewicz B, Pospieszny T, Matuszak M, Mrówczyńska L. Haemolytic activity of formyl- and acetyl-derivatives of bile acids and their gramine salts. Steroids 2017; 126:50-56. [PMID: 28711706 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids (lithocholic: LCA, deoxycholic: DCA and cholic: CA) and their formyl- and acetyl-derivatives can be used as starting material in chemical synthesis of compounds with different biological activity strongly depended on their chemical structures. Our previous studies showed that biological activity of bile acids salts with gramine toward human erythrocytes was significantly different from the activity of bile acids alone. Moreover, gramine effectively modified the membrane perturbing activity of other steroids. As a continuation of our work, the haemolytic activity of formyl- and acetyl-substituet bile acids as well as their gramine salts was studied in vitro. The structures of new compounds were confirmed by spectral (NMR, FT-IR) analysis, mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) as well as PM5 semiempirical methods. The results shown that the haemolytic activity of formyl- and acetyl-LCA and DCA was significantly higher in comparison with their native forms at the whole concentration range. At high concentration, formyl derivative of CA was as effective as LCA and DCA derivatives whereas at lower concentration its haemolytic activity was at the level of original acid. The acetyl-CA was not active as membrane perturbing agents. Furthermore, gramine significantly decreased the membrane-perturbing activity of hydrophobic bile acids derivatives. The results obtained with the cellular system are in line with physicochemical calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beata Jasiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Pospieszny
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Monika Matuszak
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Lucyna Mrówczyńska
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
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24
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Cateni F, Zacchigna M, Procida G, Zilic J, Cordone A, Zanfardino A, Varcamonti M. Cholane and Lanostane Derivatives: Antimicrobial Evaluation. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Cateni
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Trieste, P.zle Europa, 1; 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - M. Zacchigna
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Trieste, P.zle Europa, 1; 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - G. Procida
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Trieste, P.zle Europa, 1; 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - J. Zilic
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Trieste, P.zle Europa, 1; 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - A. Cordone
- Department of Biology; University of Naples Federico II; Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo; Via Cinthia - Edificio 7 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - A. Zanfardino
- Department of Biology; University of Naples Federico II; Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo; Via Cinthia - Edificio 7 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - M. Varcamonti
- Department of Biology; University of Naples Federico II; Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo; Via Cinthia - Edificio 7 80126 Napoli Italy
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25
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Dinos GP, Athanassopoulos CM, Missiri DA, Giannopoulou PC, Vlachogiannis IA, Papadopoulos GE, Papaioannou D, Kalpaxis DL. Chloramphenicol Derivatives as Antibacterial and Anticancer Agents: Historic Problems and Current Solutions. Antibiotics (Basel) 2016; 5:antibiotics5020020. [PMID: 27271676 PMCID: PMC4929435 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics5020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloramphenicol (CAM) is the D-threo isomer of a small molecule, consisting of a p-nitrobenzene ring connected to a dichloroacetyl tail through a 2-amino-1,3-propanediol moiety. CAM displays a broad-spectrum bacteriostatic activity by specifically inhibiting the bacterial protein synthesis. In certain but important cases, it also exhibits bactericidal activity, namely against the three most common causes of meningitis, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis. Resistance to CAM has been frequently reported and ascribed to a variety of mechanisms. However, the most important concerns that limit its clinical utility relate to side effects such as neurotoxicity and hematologic disorders. In this review, we present previous and current efforts to synthesize CAM derivatives with improved pharmacological properties. In addition, we highlight potentially broader roles of these derivatives in investigating the plasticity of the ribosomal catalytic center, the main target of CAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- George P Dinos
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece.
| | | | - Dionissia A Missiri
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece.
| | | | - Ioannis A Vlachogiannis
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece.
| | - Georgios E Papadopoulos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Ploutonos 26, GR-41221 Larissa, Greece.
| | - Dionissios Papaioannou
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios L Kalpaxis
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece.
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26
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Zhang D, Bocklitz S, Zwier TS. Broadband Microwave Spectroscopy of Prototypical Amino Alcohols and Polyamines: Competition between H-Bonded Cycles and Chains. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:55-67. [PMID: 26652028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b10650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The rotational spectra of the amino alcohols d-allo-threoninol, 2-amino-1,3-propanediol, and 1,3-diamino-2-propanol and the triamine analog, propane-1,2,3-triamine, have been investigated under jet-cooled conditions over the 7.5-18.5 GHz frequency range using chirped-pulsed Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. Microwave transitions due to three conformers of d-allothreoninol, four conformers of 2-amino-1,3-propanediol, four conformers of 1,3-diamino-2-propanol, and four conformers of propane-1,2,3-triamine have been identified and assigned, aided by comparison of the fitted experimental rotational constants with the predictions for candidate structures based on an exhaustive conformational search using force field, ab initio and DFT methods. Distinctions between conformers with similar rotational constants were made on the basis of the observed nuclear quadrupole splittings and relative line strengths, which reflect the direction of the permanent dipole moment of the conformers. With three adjacent H-bonding substituents along the alkyl chain involving a combination of OH and NH2 groups, hydrogen-bonded cycles (3 H-bonds) and chains (2 H-bonds) remain close in energy, no matter what the OH/NH2 composition. Two families of H-bonded chains are possible, with H-bonding substituents forming curved chain or extended chain structures. Percent populations of the observed conformers were extracted from the relative intensities of their microwave spectra, which compare favorably with relative energies calculated at the B2PLYP-D3BJ/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory. In glycerol (3 OH), d-allothreoninol (2 OH, 1 NH2), 2-amino-1,3-propanediol (2 OH, 1 NH2), and 1,3-diamino-2-propanol (1 OH, 2 NH2), H-bonded cycles are most highly populated, followed by curved chains (3 OH or 2 OH/1 NH2) or extended chains (1 OH/2 NH2). In propane-1,2,3-triamine (3 NH2), H-bonded cycles are pushed higher in energy than both curved and extended chains, which carry all the observed population. The NH2 group serves as a better H-bond acceptor than donor, as is evidenced by optimized structures in which H-bond lengths fall into the following order: r(OH···N) ≈ r(OH···O) < r(NH···N) ≈ r(NH···O).
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, United States
| | - Sebastian Bocklitz
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Göttingen , 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Timothy S Zwier
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, United States
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27
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dos Santos JA, Polonini HC, Suzuki ÉY, Raposo NRB, da Silva AD. Synthesis of conjugated bile acids/azastilbenes as potential antioxidant and photoprotective agents. Steroids 2015; 98:114-21. [PMID: 25814069 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A series of 14 bile acids/azastilbenes conjugates (1a-g and 2a-g) was prepared through the condensation of bile amides (1 and 2) and aromatic aldehydes. The newly synthesized conjugates were evaluated in vitro for their antioxidant and photoprotective activities. Six compounds (1, 1a, 1b, 2, 2a and 2b) showed promising antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 19.60-31.83 μg mL(-1). The synthesized compounds presented a varied photoprotection profile, with the SPF ranging from 2 to 9. Among the 16 compounds tested for the protection against UVB sunrays, 3 compounds (2c, 2e and 2g) presented more significant protection than resveratrol and the free azastilbene 3; while the UVAPF increased from 2 in resveratrol and 5 in 3 to 5-11 in the majority of the conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Alves dos Santos
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil.
| | - Hudson Caetano Polonini
- NUPICS Núcleo de Pesquisa e Inovação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil; Chemical and Food Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-090, Brazil
| | - Érika Yoko Suzuki
- NUPICS Núcleo de Pesquisa e Inovação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Nádia R B Raposo
- NUPICS Núcleo de Pesquisa e Inovação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Adilson David da Silva
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil
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28
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Pore VS, Agalave SG, Pharande SG, Patil PA, Kotmale AS. Bile acid hydrazides: gelation, structural, physical and spectroscopic properties. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj01352b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Novel bile acid hydrazides are synthesized and temperature dependent NMR, IR and rheological experiments are done for understanding the role of intra-molecular hydrogen bonding leading to gelation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana S. Pore
- Organic Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pashan
- India
| | - Sandip G. Agalave
- Organic Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pashan
- India
| | | | - Prashant A. Patil
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pashan
- India
| | - Amol S. Kotmale
- Organic Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pashan
- India
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29
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Synthesis and Antifungal Studies of (2E)-N-Benzyl-N′-phenylbut-2-enediamide and (2E)-N,N′-Dibenzylbut-2-enediamide Analogues. J CHEM-NY 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/281341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of eleven butanediamine analogues, of which nine were new, were synthesized by the nucleophilic substitution of aromatic amines and benzylamines with maleic anhydride and tested on four yeast strains ofCandidaspecies using the broth microdilution method. Compounds3aand3cwith an unsubstituted phenyl ring and a 3-methoxyphenyl ring, respectively, are the most active against the fungal species with MIC values ranging from 20.2 to 80.6 μM forC. albicansandC. parapsilosisand 178.5 and 161.2 μM forC. krusei, respectively.
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30
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Satyanarayana TBN, Maitra U, Savyasachi AJ. Synthesis of Cholic Acid Oligomer-Taurine Conjugates: A Study of Their Aggregation and Cholesterol Solubilization. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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31
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Zhang K, Yang W, Wang D, Liu C, Qi L, Wang Y. Tumor-targeted drug carriers and their enhanced intracellular delivery by ph-sensitivity. J Control Release 2011; 152 Suppl 1:e95-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.08.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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32
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Stereoselective synthesis and antimicrobial activity of steroidal C-20 tertiary alcohols with thiazole/pyridine side chain. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:3681-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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33
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Kong W, Wang J, Xing X, Xiao X, Zhao Y, Zang Q, Zhang P, Jin C, Li Z, Liu W. Antifungal evaluation of cholic acid and its derivatives on Candida albicans by microcalorimetry and chemometrics. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 689:250-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Revised: 01/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ahonen KV, Lahtinen MK, Valkonen AM, Dracínský M, Kolehmainen ET. Microwave assisted synthesis and solid-state characterization of lithocholyl amides of isomeric aminopyridines. Steroids 2011; 76:261-8. [PMID: 21130795 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2010.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Revised: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Microwave (MW) assisted synthesis and solid state structural characterizations of novel lithocholyl amides of 2-, 3-, and 4-aminopyridine are reported. It is shown that the MW technique is a proper method in the preparation of N-lithocholyl amides of isomeric aminopyridines. It offers many advantages compared to conventional heating. The molecular and crystal structures as well as the polymorphic and hydrated forms of prepared conjugates with their thermodynamic stabilities have been characterized by means of high resolution liquid- and solid-state NMR spectroscopy, single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. Owing to the many biological functions of bile acids and amino substituted nitrogen heterocycles, knowledge of the crystal packing of these novel conjugates may have relevance for potential pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari V Ahonen
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
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Zhang K, Wang Y, Yu A, Zhang Y, Tang H, Zhu XX. Cholic Acid-Modified Dendritic Multimolecular Micelles and Enhancement of Anticancer Drug Therapeutic Efficacy. Bioconjug Chem 2010; 21:1596-601. [DOI: 10.1021/bc900490u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Institute of Polymer Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences; and Central Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China and Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Yongjian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Institute of Polymer Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences; and Central Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China and Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Ao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Institute of Polymer Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences; and Central Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China and Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Institute of Polymer Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences; and Central Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China and Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Hao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Institute of Polymer Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences; and Central Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China and Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - X. X. Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Institute of Polymer Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences; and Central Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China and Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
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36
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Kong W, Jin C, Xiao X, Zhao Y, Li Z, Zhang P, Liu W, Li XF. Comparative study of effects of two bile acid derivatives on Staphylococcus aureus by multiple analytical methods. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2010; 179:742-747. [PMID: 20400224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Revised: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/13/2010] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The effects of two bile acid derivatives, cholic acid (CA) and deoxycholic acid (DCA) on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) growth were investigated and compared by microcalorimetry coupled with multiple analytical methods. The heat power (HP)-time curves of S. aureus growth affected by CA and DCA were studied by similarity analysis (SA), respectively. Then the quantitative thermo-kinetic parameters obtained from these curves were investigated by the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and principal component analysis (PCA). By analyzing the two main parameters, growth rate constant k(2) of the second exponential phase and the heat power P(2) of the second highest peak, together with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 10 microg/mL for CA and 20 microg/mL for DCA, it could be concluded that the antibacterial effect of CA was stronger than that of DCA. The existence of alpha-OH at C-7 position of steroid nucleus of bile acid derivatives enhanced the hydrophilicity of compound CA and its inhibitory effect on S. aureus. This study provides a useful method and idea to accurately evaluate the antibacterial effects of bile acid derivatives, which provides some references for screening out new antibacterial agents with high efficacy and low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Kong
- China Military Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing 100039, PR China
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37
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Combined antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity of a cationic disubstituted dexamethasone-spermine conjugate. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 54:2525-33. [PMID: 20308375 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01682-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising number of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains represents an emerging health problem that has motivated efforts to develop new antibacterial agents. Endogenous cationic antibacterial peptides (CAPs) that are produced in tissues exposed to the external environment are one model for the design of novel antibacterial compounds. Here, we report evidence that disubstituted dexamethasone-spermine (D2S), a cationic corticosteroid derivative initially identified as a by-product of synthesis of dexamethasone-spermine (DS) for the purpose of improving cellular gene delivery, functions as an antibacterial peptide-mimicking molecule. This moiety exhibits bacterial killing activity against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa present in cystic fibrosis (CF) sputa, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm. Although compromised in the presence of plasma, D2S antibacterial activity resists the proteolytic activity of pepsin and is maintained in ascites, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. D2S also enhances S. aureus susceptibility to antibiotics, such as amoxicillin (AMC), tetracycline (T), and amikacin (AN). Inhibition of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 release from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- or lipoteichoic acid (LTA)-treated neutrophils in the presence of D2S suggests that this molecule might also prevent systemic inflammation caused by bacterial wall products. D2S-mediated translocation of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in bovine aorta endothelial cells (BAECs) suggests that some of its anti-inflammatory activities involve engagement of glucocorticoid receptors. The combined antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of D2S suggest its potential as an alternative to natural CAPs in the prevention and treatment of some bacterial infections.
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Design and synthesis of bile acid-based amino sterols as antimicrobial agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:5411-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.07.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2009] [Revised: 07/07/2009] [Accepted: 07/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Huang L, Sun Y, Zhu H, Zhang Y, Xu J, Shen YM. Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of bile acid tridentate conjugates. Steroids 2009; 74:701-6. [PMID: 19463693 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2009.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2008] [Revised: 02/20/2009] [Accepted: 03/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two series of novel bile acid tridentate conjugates with different linkers were synthesized and characterized, and their biological activities in vitro were evaluated. The procedure was straightforward and efficient to be carried out with high overall yield. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds against Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus niger, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was investigated in vitro. The best activity of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for 1c, 1c', 2c and 2c' against S. cerevisiae was up to 0.125 microg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliang Huang
- Radiopharmaceuticals Center, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
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Valkonen A, Lahtinen M, Kolehmainen E. Syntheses and structural study of bile acid amidoalcohols. Steroids 2008; 73:1228-41. [PMID: 18638497 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2008.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2008] [Revised: 06/06/2008] [Accepted: 06/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Preparation, structural and thermoanalytical characterization of fourteen N-hydroxyalkyl 5beta-cholan-24-amides have been performed in this study. The utilized techniques include liquid state and CP-MAS 13C NMR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, and also powder and single crystal X-ray crystallography. The results were discussed and compared to each other and also to previous findings on similar compounds. One pure hydrate form was obtained. Six new single crystal structures were determined, including one hydrated chloroform solvate. Decomposition temperatures were found to correlate with the side chain length, and the number of the hydroxyl groups. The spatial direction of the groups in the steroid skeleton was also found to be relevant in predicting the thermal properties of bile acid amidoalcohols studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arto Valkonen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, PO Box 35, FIN-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
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Li Y, Ju Y, Zhao Y. Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Bile Acids Derived H-Phosphonates Conjugates. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10426500701807533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- a Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yong Ju
- a Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yufen Zhao
- a Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing, P. R. China
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Joachimiak R, Piasecka M, Paryzek Z. Synthesis of Novel Amide-Linked Dimers of Lithocholic Acid. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2008. [DOI: 10.3184/030823408x318325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of lithocholic amides and amide-linked dimers under mild conditions is described. New o-, m- and p-phenylenediamine-derived dimers of lithocholic acid were synthesised by the activation of the carboxyl group of the bile acid as a mixed anhydride resulting from the reaction of the acid with ethyl chloroformate. The reduction of lithocholic amides afforded the corresponding 24-amino-5β-cholane derivatives. All compounds were characterised by IR, 1H and 13C NMR and mass spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Joachimiak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Pozna, Poland
| | - Monika Piasecka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Pozna, Poland
| | - Zdzisław Paryzek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Pozna, Poland
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Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of beta-lactam-bile acid conjugates linked via triazole. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:2043-7. [PMID: 18267360 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.01.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2007] [Revised: 01/14/2008] [Accepted: 01/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of novel 1,2,3-triazole-linked beta-lactam-bile acid conjugates 17-24 using 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of azido beta-lactam and terminal alkyne of bile acids in the presence of Cu(I) catalyst (click chemistry) have been realized. These molecules were evaluated in vitro for their antifungal and antibacterial activities. Most of the compounds exhibited significant antifungal and moderate antibacterial activity against all the tested strains.
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44
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Aher NG, Pore VS, Patil SP. Design, synthesis, and micellar properties of bile acid dimers and oligomers linked with a 1,2,3-triazole ring. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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45
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Valkonen A, Kolehmainen E, Lahtinen M, Sievänen E, Noponen V, Tolonen M, Kauppinen R. Structural, thermoanalytical and molecular modeling studies on N-(3-hydroxypropyl) 3 alpha,12 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholan-24-amide and its monohydrates. Molecules 2007; 12:2161-78. [PMID: 17962734 PMCID: PMC6149176 DOI: 10.3390/12092161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2007] [Revised: 09/09/2007] [Accepted: 09/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthetic method for preparing N-(3-hydroxypropyl) 3 alpha,12 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholan-24-amide can lead to formation of at least three different crystal forms - an anhydrous compound and two monohydrates. The structural and thermal properties of these forms have been characterized by 13C-CP/MAS-NMR and IR spectroscopy, thermo- gravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry and by powder and single crystal x-ray crystallography. In addition, theoretical 13C-NMR chemical shift calculations were also performed for the anhydrous compound and for the first monohydrate, starting from single crystal structures and the structures of these species have now been verified. The first monohydrate, C27H47NO4 x H2O, crystallizes in orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) with cell parameters: a = 7.1148(2), b = 18.1775(5), c = 20.1813(6), Z = 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arto Valkonen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, PO. Box 35, FIN-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
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Villo L, Danilas K, Metsala A, Kreen M, Vallikivi I, Vija S, Pehk T, Saso L, Parve O. Synthesis of Deoxy Sugar Esters: A Chemoenzymatic Stereoselective Approach Affording Deoxy Sugar Derivatives Also in the Form of Aldehyde. J Org Chem 2007; 72:5813-6. [PMID: 17602527 DOI: 10.1021/jo062640b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A chemoenzymatic synthesis of deoxy sugar esters is described. The synthesis is based on the O-alkylation of carboxylic acid with 2-bromo-5-acetoxypentanal. The method allows treatment of hydroxy carboxylic acids without protection of alcoholic hydroxyl groups. Several stereoisomeric deoxy sugar esters were resolved (up to ee or de > 98%) using a lipase-catalyzed acetylation of hemiacetals that in certain cases afforded deoxy sugar derivatives in the form of aldehydes. The stereochemistry of the reactions was determined by the NMR spectra of mandelic acid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ly Villo
- Department of Chemistry, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia.
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47
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Kuhajda K, Kevresan S, Kandrac J, Fawcett JP, Mikov M. Chemical and metabolic transformations of selected bile acids. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2007; 31:179-235. [PMID: 17136861 DOI: 10.1007/bf03190713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This article surveys chemical transformations of selected bile acids. Chemical transformations were initially carried out with the aim of determining the structure of bile acids. More recently they have been concerned with bile acid interconversions as well as with the synthesis of steroid hormones, vitamins and therapeutc agents. Studies of similarities and differences in the biosynthesis of bile acids from cholesterol have occupied many researches. However, this article reviews only papers dealing with the synthesis of potential intermediates in the biosynthesis of bile acids. Steroid hormones such as pregnenolone, progesterone and testosterone are synthesized from methyl thiodeoxycholate whereas cortisone is synthesized from methyl deoxycholiate. Numerous papers and patents devoted to the synthesis of ursodeoxycholic acid from cholic or chenodeoxycholic acid testify to its effectiveness in the treatment of cholelithiasis. Chenodeoxycholic acid appears to be an excellent precursor in the synthesis of steroid plant growth regulators, as well as in the synthesis of metabolites and vitamin D analogues. Chirality of bile acids has been exploited in the synthesis of cyclic and acyclic receptors and solvents. Cholic and deoxycholic acids have been used to create new macrocyclic structures which show different capacities to bind and transport other compounds. Another important trend in the chemistry of bile acids is their application in combinatorial chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kuhajda
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
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