1
|
Lee SH, Lee W, Nguyen T, Um IS, Bae JS, Ma E. Synthesis and Thrombin, Factor Xa and U46619 Inhibitory Effects of Non-Amidino and Amidino N²-Thiophenecarbonyl- and N²-Tosylanthranilamides. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061144. [PMID: 28561744 PMCID: PMC5485968 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombin (factor IIa) and factor Xa (FXa) are key enzymes at the junction of the intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways and are the most attractive pharmacological targets for the development of novel anticoagulants. Twenty non-amidino N2-thiophencarbonyl- and N2-tosyl anthranilamides 1–20 and six amidino N2-thiophencarbonyl- and N2-tosylanthranilamides 21–26 were synthesized to evaluate their activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and prothrombin time (PT) using human plasma at a concentration of 30 µg/mL in vitro. As a result, compounds 5, 9, and 21–23 were selected to study the further antithrombotic activity. The anticoagulant properties of 5, 9, and 21–23 significantly exhibited a concentration-dependent prolongation of in vitro PT and aPTT, in vivo bleeding time, and ex vivo clotting time. These compounds concentration-dependently inhibited the activities of thrombin and FXa and inhibited the generation of thrombin and FXa in human endothelial cells. In addition, data showed that 5, 9, and 21–23 significantly inhibited thrombin catalyzed fibrin polymerization and mouse platelet aggregation and inhibited platelet aggregation induced by U46619 in vitro and ex vivo. Among the derivatives evaluated, N-(3′-amidinophenyl)-2-((thiophen-2′′-yl)carbonylamino)benzamide (21) was the most active compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soo Hyun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Hayang-ro 13-13, Hayang-eup, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk 712-702, Korea.
| | - Wonhwa Lee
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - ThiHa Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Hayang-ro 13-13, Hayang-eup, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk 712-702, Korea.
| | - Il Soo Um
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Hayang-ro 13-13, Hayang-eup, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk 712-702, Korea.
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Eunsook Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Hayang-ro 13-13, Hayang-eup, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk 712-702, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang C, Wang T, Huang L, Hou Y, Lu W, He H. Facile synthetic approach for 5-aryl-9-hydroxypyrano [3,2-f] indole-2(8H)-one. ARAB J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
3
|
Patel NR, Patel DV, Murumkar PR, Yadav MR. Contemporary developments in the discovery of selective factor Xa inhibitors: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 121:671-698. [PMID: 27322757 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Thrombosis is a leading cause of death in cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction (MI), unstable angina and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the industrialized world. Venous thromboembolism is observed in about 1 million people every year in United States causing significant morbidity and mortality. Conventional antithrombotic therapy has been reported to have several disadvantages and limitations like inconvenience in oral administration, bleeding risks (heparin analogs), narrow therapeutic window and undesirable interactions with food and drugs (vitamin K antagonist-warfarin). The unmet medical demand for orally active safe anticoagulants has generated widespread interest among the medicinal chemists engaged in this field. To modulate blood coagulation, various enzymes involved in the coagulation process have received great attention as potential targets by various research groups for the development of oral anticoagulants. Among these enzymes, factor Xa (FXa) has remained the centre of attention in the last decade. Intensive research efforts have been made by various research groups for the development of small, safe and orally bioavailable FXa inhibitors. This review is an attempt to compile the research work of various researchers in the direction of development of FXa inhibitors reported since 2010 onward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nirav R Patel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390001, Gujarat, India
| | - Dushyant V Patel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390001, Gujarat, India
| | - Prashant R Murumkar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390001, Gujarat, India
| | - Mange Ram Yadav
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390001, Gujarat, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dharmaraja J, Subbaraj P, Esakkidurai T, Shobana S. Studies on Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes with 2-aminobenzamide and some bioactive imidazole enzyme constituents. J COORD CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2015.1101758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeyaprakash Dharmaraja
- Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Humanities, Sree Sowdambika College of Engineering, Aruppukottai, India
| | | | | | - Sutha Shobana
- Department of Chemistry and Research Centre, Aditanar College of Arts and Science, Tiruchendur, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Design, synthesis and structure-activity relationship of oxazolidinone derivatives containing novel S4 ligand as FXa inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 96:369-80. [PMID: 25911624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of potent and efficacious factor Xa inhibitors which possesses pyrrole/indole/thiazole moieties as S4 binding element was identified. Compound 7b showed strong human factor Xa inhibitory activity (IC50 = 2.01 nM) and anticoagulant activities in both human (PTCT2 = 0.15 μM, APPTCT2 = 0.30 μM) and rabbit plasma (PTCT2 = 0.46 μM, APPTCT2 = 0.75 μM). The SARs analyses indicated that the size and water solubility of different alkylamino group at the position of S4 ligand were responsible for the anticoagulant activity.
Collapse
|
6
|
Synthesis and structure–activity relationship of potent, selective and orally active anthranilamide-based factor Xa inhibitors: Application of weakly basic sulfoximine group as novel S4 binding element. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 58:136-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
7
|
Lee YK, Player MR. Developments in factor Xa inhibitors for the treatment of thromboembolic disorders. Med Res Rev 2011; 31:202-83. [DOI: 10.1002/med.20183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
8
|
Fujimoto T, Imaeda Y, Konishi N, Hiroe K, Kawamura M, Textor GP, Aertgeerts K, Kubo K. Discovery of a tetrahydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one derivative (TAK-442) as a potent, selective, and orally active factor Xa inhibitor. J Med Chem 2010; 53:3517-31. [PMID: 20355714 DOI: 10.1021/jm901699j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Coagulation enzyme factor Xa (FXa) is a particularly promising target for the development of new anticoagulant agents. We previously reported the imidazo[1,5-c]imidazol-3-one derivative 1 as a potent and orally active FXa inhibitor. However, it was found that 1 predominantly undergoes hydrolysis upon incubation with human liver microsomes, and the human specific metabolic pathway made it difficult to predict the human pharmacokinetics. To address this issue, our synthetic efforts were focused on modification of the imidazo[1,5-c]imidazol-3-one moiety of the active metabolite 3a, derived from 1, which resulted in the discovery of the tetrahydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one derivative 5k as a highly potent and selective FXa inhibitor. Compound 5k showed no detectable amide bond cleavage in human liver microsomes, exhibited a good pharmacokinetic profile in monkeys, and had a potent antithrombotic efficacy in a rabbit model without prolongation of bleeding time. Compound 5k is currently under clinical development with the code name TAK-442.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Fujimoto
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 2-17-85, Jusohomachi, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8686, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pinto DJP, Smallheer JM, Cheney DL, Knabb RM, Wexler RR. Factor Xa Inhibitors: Next-Generation Antithrombotic Agents. J Med Chem 2010; 53:6243-74. [PMID: 20503967 DOI: 10.1021/jm100146h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donald J. P. Pinto
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey, 08543
| | - Joanne M. Smallheer
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey, 08543
| | - Daniel L. Cheney
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey, 08543
| | - Robert M. Knabb
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey, 08543
| | - Ruth R. Wexler
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey, 08543
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fujimoto T, Tobisu M, Konishi N, Kawamura M, Tada N, Takagi T, Kubo K. Synthesis and biological evaluation of the metabolites of 2-(1-{3-[(6-chloronaphthalen-2-yl)sulfonyl]propanoyl}piperidin-4-yl)-5-methyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-imidazo[1,5-c]imidazol-3-one. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:7993-8002. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2009] [Revised: 10/05/2009] [Accepted: 10/06/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
11
|
Shi Y, Sitkoff D, Zhang J, Klei HE, Kish K, Liu ECK, Hartl KS, Seiler SM, Chang M, Huang C, Youssef S, Steinbacher TE, Schumacher WA, Grazier N, Pudzianowski A, Apedo A, Discenza L, Yanchunas J, Stein PD, Atwal KS. Design, structure-activity relationships, X-ray crystal structure, and energetic contributions of a critical P1 pharmacophore: 3-chloroindole-7-yl-based factor Xa inhibitors. J Med Chem 2009; 51:7541-51. [PMID: 18998662 DOI: 10.1021/jm800855x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An indole-based P1 moiety was incorporated into a previously established factor Xa inhibitor series. The indole group was designed to hydrogen-bond with the carbonyl of Gly218, while its 3-methyl or 3-chloro substituent was intended to interact with Tyr228. These interactions were subsequently observed in the X-ray crystal structure of compound 18. SAR studies led to the identification of compound 20 as the most potent FXa inhibitor in this series (IC(50) = 2.4 nM, EC(2xPT) = 1.2 microM). An in-depth energetic analysis suggests that the increased binding energy of 3-chloroindole-versus 3-methylindole-containing compounds in this series is due primarily to (a) the more hydrophobic nature of chloro- versus methyl-containing compounds and (b) an increased interaction of 3-chloroindole versus 3-methylindole with Gly218 backbone. The stronger hydrophobicity of chloro- versus methyl-substituted aromatics may partly explain the general preference for chloro- versus methyl-substituted P1 groups in FXa, which extends beyond the current series.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shi
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang P, Bao L, Fan J, Jia ZJ, Sinha U, Wong PW, Park G, Hutchaleelaha A, Scarborough RM, Zhu BY. Anthranilamide-based N,N-dialkylbenzamidines as potent and orally bioavailable factor Xa inhibitors: P4 SAR. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:2186-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.02.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2009] [Revised: 02/25/2009] [Accepted: 02/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
13
|
Imaeda Y, Kuroita T, Sakamoto H, Kawamoto T, Tobisu M, Konishi N, Hiroe K, Kawamura M, Tanaka T, Kubo K. Discovery of imidazo[1,5-c]imidazol-3-ones: weakly basic, orally active factor Xa inhibitors. J Med Chem 2008; 51:3422-36. [PMID: 18507371 DOI: 10.1021/jm701548u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The coagulation enzyme factor Xa (FXa) has been recognized as a promising target for the development of new antithrombotic agents. We previously found compound 1 to be an orally bioavailable FXa inhibitor in fasted monkeys; however, 1 showed poor bioavailability in rats and fed monkeys. To work out the pharmacokinetic problems, we focused our synthetic efforts on the chemical conversion of the 4-(imidazo[1,2- a]pyridin-5-yl)piperazine moiety of 1 to imidazolylpiperidine derivatives (fused and nonfused), which resulted in the discovery of the weakly basic imidazo[1,5- c]imidazol-3-one 3q as a potent and selective FXa inhibitor. Compound 3q showed favorable oral bioavailability in rats and monkeys under both fasted and fed conditions and antithrombotic efficacy in a rat model of venous thrombosis after oral administration, without a significant increase in bleeding time (unlike warfarin). On the basis of these promising properties, compound 3q was selected for further evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Imaeda
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 2-17-85, Jusohonmachi, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8686, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Structure-activity relationships of anthranilamide-based factor Xa inhibitors containing piperidinone and pyridinone P4 moieties. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:2845-9. [PMID: 18424044 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.03.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2008] [Revised: 03/22/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction of the phenyl piperidinone and phenyl pyridinone P4 moieties in the anthranilamide scaffold led to potent, selective, and orally bioavailable inhibitors of factor Xa. Anthranilamide 28 displayed comparable efficacy to apixaban in the rabbit arteriovenous-shunt (AV) thrombosis model.
Collapse
|
15
|
Mendel D, Marquart AL, Joseph S, Waid P, Yee YK, Tebbe AL, Ratz AM, Herron DK, Goodson T, Masters JJ, Franciskovich JB, Tinsley JM, Wiley MR, Weir LC, Kyle JA, Klimkowski VJ, Smith GF, Towner RD, Froelich LL, Buben J, Craft TJ. Anthranilamide inhibitors of factor Xa. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:4832-6. [PMID: 17624775 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2007] [Revised: 06/13/2007] [Accepted: 06/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
SAR about the B-ring of a series of N(2)-aroyl anthranilamide factor Xa (fXa) inhibitors is described. B-ring o-aminoalkylether and B-ring p-amine probes of the S1' and S4 sites, respectively, afforded picomolar fXa inhibitors that performed well in in vitro anticoagulation assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Mendel
- Lilly Research Laboratories, A Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
N. Maiti S, Kasani A, Subedi R, Stier M, D. Holsworth D. Cardiovascular Agents: Renin Inhibitors and Factor Xa Inhibitors. HETEROCYCLES 2007. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-07-sr(u)1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
17
|
Casimiro-Garcia A, Dudley DA, Heemstra RJ, Filipski KJ, Bigge CF, Edmunds JJ. Progress in the discovery of Factor Xa inhibitors. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2006. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.16.2.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
18
|
Rameshwar N, Krishna K, Ashok Kumar B, Parthasarathy T. QSAR studies of N1-(5-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-{[4-(alkyl methyl)benzoyl]amino}-5-chlorobenzamide analogs. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:319-25. [PMID: 16275108 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2005] [Revised: 07/22/2005] [Accepted: 07/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Factor X(a) has materialized as a key enzyme for the intervention of blood coagulation cascade and for the development of new antithrombotic agents. It is the lone enzyme that is responsible for the production of thrombin and is therefore an attractive target for the control of thrombus formation. The biological activities (log1/IC(50)) of anthranilamide-based factor X(a) inhibitors were quantitatively analyzed in terms of physicochemical parameters by the regression analysis. Structural requirements for maximal potency were derived from the results of a quantitative structure activity relationship analysis. The leave-one-out cross-validation method was used to judge the predictive power of final equations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Rameshwar
- Department of Chemistry, Nizam College, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 001, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kohrt JT, Filipski KJ, Cody WL, Cai C, Dudley DA, Van Huis CA, Willardsen JA, Rapundalo ST, Saiya-Cork K, Leadley RJ, Narasimhan L, Zhang E, Whitlow M, Adler M, McLean K, Chou YL, McKnight C, Arnaiz DO, Shaw KJ, Light DR, Edmunds JJ. The discovery of fluoropyridine-based inhibitors of the Factor VIIa/TF complex. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:4752-6. [PMID: 16125385 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2005] [Revised: 07/25/2005] [Accepted: 07/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The activated Factor VII/tissue factor complex (FVIIa/TF) plays a key role in the formation of blood clots. Inhibition of this complex may lead to new antithrombotic drugs. An X-ray crystal structure of a fluoropyridine-based FVIIa/TF inhibitor bound in the active site of the enzyme complex suggested that incorporation of substitution at the 5-position of the hydroxybenzoic acid side chain could lead to the formation of more potent inhibitors through interactions with the S1'/S2' pocket.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey T Kohrt
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Michigan Laboratories, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zbinden KG, Obst-Sander U, Hilpert K, Kühne H, Banner DW, Böhm HJ, Stahl M, Ackermann J, Alig L, Weber L, Wessel HP, Riederer MA, Tschopp TB, Lavé T. Selective and orally bioavailable phenylglycine tissue factor/factor VIIa inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:5344-52. [PMID: 16213138 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.04.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2005] [Revised: 04/25/2005] [Accepted: 04/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We describe the structure-based design and synthesis of highly potent, orally bioavailable tissue factor/factor VIIa inhibitors which interfere with the coagulation cascade by selective inhibition of the extrinsic pathway.
Collapse
|
21
|
Scarborough RM, Pandey A, Zhang X. Small Molecule Anticoagulant/Antithrombotic Agents. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY VOLUME 40 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(05)40006-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
22
|
Abstract
The stability of two factor Xa inhibitors (MLN1021 and CT54004) as a function of pH was investigated in order to better characterize the compounds and to locate the optimum pH for a stable formulation that might be used in a first-in-person (FIP) clinical study. The compounds prepared in buffer solutions over a pH range of 1-10 were stored at 60 degrees C, and assayed for pH and purity at different time points. The pH-rate profiles indicated that both compound was quite stable in the middle pH range, and least stable at pH<3 and >8. The optimum pH for stability of the compounds was around 6, which is consistent with the theoretical predictions by a mathematical model. The mechanism of the reaction is not a specific-acid/base-catalyzed reaction. Based on the experience of this study, an ideal experimental design is proposed, which will be useful for future study on similar drug candidate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Yang
- Drug Development, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhang P, Bao L, Zuckett JF, Jia ZJ, Woolfrey J, Arfsten A, Edwards S, Sinha U, Hutchaleelaha A, Lambing JL, Hollenbach SJ, Scarborough RM, Zhu BY. Design, synthesis, and SAR of anthranilamide-based factor Xa inhibitors with improved functional activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:989-93. [PMID: 15013007 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.11.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2003] [Revised: 11/26/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Compound 2 containing an aminomethylbenzoyl moiety as the S4 binding motif was synthesized in order to modulate hydrophlicity of anthranilamide-based factor Xa inhibitors with substituted biphenyl P4 groups. Structure-activity relationship studies around 2 have led to a series of potent factor Xa inhibitors which are highly active in the human plasma-based thrombin generation assay with 2XTG values less than 1 microM. Compound 55 shows strong antithrombotic activity in our rabbit deep vein thrombosis model, and also exhibits good oral bioavailability and a long half life in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Penglie Zhang
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 256 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|