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Shirakawa A, Manabe Y, Fukase K. Recent Advances in the Chemical Biology of N-Glycans. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041040. [PMID: 33669465 PMCID: PMC7920464 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Asparagine-linked N-glycans on proteins have diverse structures, and their functions vary according to their structures. In recent years, it has become possible to obtain high quantities of N-glycans via isolation and chemical/enzymatic/chemoenzymatic synthesis. This has allowed for progress in the elucidation of N-glycan functions at the molecular level. Interaction analyses with lectins by glycan arrays or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) using various N-glycans have revealed the molecular basis for the recognition of complex structures of N-glycans. Preparation of proteins modified with homogeneous N-glycans revealed the influence of N-glycan modifications on protein functions. Furthermore, N-glycans have potential applications in drug development. This review discusses recent advances in the chemical biology of N-glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Shirakawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan;
| | - Yoshiyuki Manabe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan;
- Core for Medicine and Science Collaborative Research and Education, Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.M.); (K.F.); Tel.: +81-6-6850-5391 (Y.M.); +81-6-6850-5388 (K.F.)
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan;
- Core for Medicine and Science Collaborative Research and Education, Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.M.); (K.F.); Tel.: +81-6-6850-5391 (Y.M.); +81-6-6850-5388 (K.F.)
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Ito Y, Kajihara Y, Takeda Y. Chemical‐Synthesis‐Based Approach to Glycoprotein Functions in the Endoplasmic Reticulum. Chemistry 2020; 26:15461-15470. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yukishige Ito
- Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences Graduate School of Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 5600043 Japan
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research Wako Saitama 3510198 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kajihara
- Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences Graduate School of Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 5600043 Japan
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 5600043 Japan
| | - Yoichi Takeda
- Department of Biotechnology Ritsumeikan University Kusatsu Shiga 5258577 Japan
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Hachisu M, Seko A, Daikoku S, Takeda Y, Sakono M, Ito Y. Hydrophobic Tagged Dihydrofolate Reductase for Creating Misfolded Glycoprotein Mimetics. Chembiochem 2016; 17:300-3. [PMID: 26670196 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), nascent glycoproteins that have not acquired the native conformation are either repaired or sorted for degradation by specific quality-control systems composed by various proteins. Among them, UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase (UGGT) serves as a folding sensor in the ER. However, the molecular mechanism of its recognition remains obscure. This study used pseudo-misfolded glycoproteins, comprising a modified dihydrofolate reductase with artificial pyrene-cysteine moiety on the protein surface (pDHFR) and Man9 GlcNAc2 -methotrexate (M9-MTX). All five M9-MTX/pDHFR complexes, with a pyrene group at different positions, were found to be good substrates of UGGT, irrespective of the site of pyrene modification. These results suggest UGGT's mode of substrate recognition is fuzzy, thus allowing various glycoproteins to be accommodated in the folding cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Hachisu
- ERATO Ito Glycotrilogy Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan
| | - Akira Seko
- ERATO Ito Glycotrilogy Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shusaku Daikoku
- ERATO Ito Glycotrilogy Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoichi Takeda
- ERATO Ito Glycotrilogy Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan. .,Department of Biotechnology, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Masafumi Sakono
- ERATO Ito Glycotrilogy Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama, 930-855, Japan
| | - Yukishige Ito
- ERATO Ito Glycotrilogy Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan. .,Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
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Fujikawa K, Seko A, Takeda Y, Ito Y. Approaches toward High-Mannose-Type Glycan Libraries. CHEM REC 2015; 16:35-46. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201500222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kohki Fujikawa
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), ERATO Ito Glycotrilogy Project; 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- SUNTORY Bioorganic Research Institute; 8-1-1 Seikadai Seika-cho Soraku-gun Kyoto 619-0284 Japan
| | - Akira Seko
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), ERATO Ito Glycotrilogy Project; 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Yoichi Takeda
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), ERATO Ito Glycotrilogy Project; 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences; Ritsumeikan University; 1-1-1 Noji-higashi Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577 Japan
| | - Yukishige Ito
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), ERATO Ito Glycotrilogy Project; 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Laboratory; RIKEN; 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
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Aussedat B, Vohra Y, Park PK, Fernández-Tejada A, Alam SM, Dennison SM, Jaeger FH, Anasti K, Stewart S, Blinn JH, Liao HX, Sodroski JG, Haynes BF, Danishefsky SJ. Chemical synthesis of highly congested gp120 V1V2 N-glycopeptide antigens for potential HIV-1-directed vaccines. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:13113-20. [PMID: 23915436 DOI: 10.1021/ja405990z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Critical to the search for an effective HIV-1 vaccine is the development of immunogens capable of inducing broadly neutralizing antibodies (BnAbs). A key first step in this process is to design immunogens that can be recognized by known BnAbs. The monoclonal antibody PG9 is a BnAb that neutralizes diverse strains of HIV-1 by targeting a conserved carbohydrate-protein epitope in the variable 1 and 2 (V1V2) region of the viral envelope. Important for recognition are two closely spaced N-glycans at Asn(160) and Asn(156). Glycopeptides containing this synthetically challenging bis-N-glycosylated motif were prepared by convergent assembly, and were shown to be antigenic for PG9. Synthetic glycopeptides such as these may be useful for the development of HIV-1 vaccines based on the envelope V1V2 BnAb epitope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Aussedat
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
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Ito Y, Takeda Y. Analysis of glycoprotein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum using synthetic oligosaccharides. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2012; 88:31-40. [PMID: 22314014 PMCID: PMC3316936 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.88.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Protein quality control (QC) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) comprises many steps, including folding and transport of nascent proteins as well as degradation of misfolded proteins. Recent studies have revealed that high-mannose-type glycans play a pivotal role in the QC process. To gain knowledge about the molecular basis of this process with well-defined homogeneous compounds, we achieved a convergent synthesis of high-mannose-type glycans and their functionalized derivatives. We focused on analyses of UDP-Glc: glycoprotein glucosyltransferase (UGGT) and ER Glucosidase II, which play crucial roles in glycoprotein QC; however, their specificities remain unclear. In addition, we established an in vitro assay system mimicking the in vivo condition which is highly crowded because of the presence of various biomacromolecules.
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Totani K, Miyazawa H, Kurata S, Ito Y. Magnetic beads-assisted mild enrichment procedure for weak-binding lectins. Anal Biochem 2011; 411:50-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Ishiwata A, Lee YJ, Ito Y. Recent advances in stereoselective glycosylation through intramolecular aglycon delivery. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:3596-608. [DOI: 10.1039/c004281a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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10
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Takeda Y, Totani K, Matsuo I, Ito Y. Chemical approaches toward understanding glycan-mediated protein quality control. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2009; 13:582-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2009] [Revised: 09/01/2009] [Accepted: 09/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Nagorny P, Fasching B, Li X, Chen G, Aussedat B, Danishefsky SJ. Toward fully synthetic homogeneous beta-human follicle-stimulating hormone (beta-hFSH) with a biantennary N-linked dodecasaccharide. synthesis of beta-hFSH with chitobiose units at the natural linkage sites. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:5792-9. [PMID: 19341309 PMCID: PMC2756579 DOI: 10.1021/ja809554x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A highly convergent synthesis of the sialic acid-rich biantennary N-linked glycan found in human glycoprotein hormones and its use in the synthesis of a fragment derived from the beta-domain of human Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (hFSH) are described. The synthesis highlights the use of the Sinay radical glycosidation protocol for the simultaneous installation of both biantennary side-chains of the dodecasaccharide as well as the use of glycal chemistry to construct the tetrasaccharide core in an efficient manner. The synthetic glycan was used to prepare the glycosylated 20-27aa domain of the beta-subunit of hFSH under a Lansbury aspartylation protocol. The proposed strategy for incorporating the prepared N-linked dodecasaccharide-containing 20-27aa domain into beta-hFSH subunit was validated in the context of a model system, providing protected beta-hFSH subunit functionalized with chitobiose at positions 7 and 24.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Nagorny
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Bernhard Fasching
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Xuechen Li
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Gong Chen
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Baptiste Aussedat
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Samuel J. Danishefsky
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, Havemeyer Hall, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Gamblin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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Nakamura-Tsuruta S, Uchiyama N, Peumans WJ, Van Damme EJM, Totani K, Ito Y, Hirabayashi J. Analysis of the sugar-binding specificity of mannose-binding-type Jacalin-related lectins by frontal affinity chromatography - an approach to functional classification. FEBS J 2008; 275:1227-39. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06282.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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14
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Hagihara S, Totani K, Ito Y. Exploration of oligosaccharide-protein interactions in glycoprotein quality control by synthetic approaches. CHEM REC 2007; 6:290-302. [PMID: 17304538 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.20088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
High-mannose-type oligosaccharides, which are cotranslationally introduced to nascent polypeptides, play important roles in glycoprotein quality control. This process is highly complex, involving a number of lectins, chaperones, and glycan-processing enzymes. For example, calnexin and calreticulin (CRT) are molecular chaperones that recognize monoglucosylated forms of high-mannose-type glycans. UDP-glucose : glycoprotein glucosyltransferase (UGGT) only glucosylates high-mannose-type glycans attached to partially folded proteins. Fbs1 is a component of ubiquitin ligase that recognizes sugar chains. Although recent studies have clarified the properties of these proteins, most of them used oligosaccharides derived from natural sources, which contain structural heterogeneity. In order to gain a more precise understanding, we started our program to comprehensively synthesize high-mannose-type glycans associated with a protein quality control system. Additionally, investigation of artificial glycoproteins led us to the discovery of the first nonpeptidic substrate of UGGT. These synthetic oligosaccharide probes have allowed us to conduct quantitative evaluations of the activity and specificity of CRT, Fbs1, and UGGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Hagihara
- RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), 2-1 Hirosawa, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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15
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Totani K, Ihara Y, Matsuo I, Koshino H, Ito Y. Synthetic substrates for an endoplasmic reticulum protein-folding sensor, UDP-glucose: glycoprotein glucosyltransferase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 44:7950-4. [PMID: 16283685 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200502723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiichiro Totani
- RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Totani K, Ihara Y, Matsuo I, Ito Y. Substrate Specificity Analysis of Endoplasmic Reticulum Glucosidase II Using Synthetic High Mannose-type Glycans. J Biol Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)84063-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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17
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Totani K, Ihara Y, Matsuo I, Ito Y. Substrate Specificity Analysis of Endoplasmic Reticulum Glucosidase II Using Synthetic High Mannose-type Glycans. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:31502-8. [PMID: 16940048 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m605457200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucosidase II (Glc'ase II) is a glycan-processing enzyme that trims two alpha1,3-linked Glc residues in succession from the glycoprotein oligosaccharide Glc2Man9GlcNAc2 to give Glc1Man9GlcNAc2 and Man9GlcNAc2 in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Monoglucosylated glycans, such as Glc1-Man9GlcNAc2, generated by this process play a key role in glycoprotein quality control in the ER, because they are primary ligands for the lectin chaperones calnexin (CNX) and calreticulin (CRT). A precise analysis of the substrate specificity of Glc'ase II is expected to further our understanding of the molecular basis to glycoprotein quality control, because Glc'ase II potentially competes with CNX/CRT for the same glycans, Glc1Man7-9GlcNAc2. In this study, a quantitative analysis of the specificity of Glc'ase II using a series of structurally defined synthetic glycans was carried out. In the presence of CRT, Glc'ase II-mediated trimming from Glc2Man9GlcNAc2 stopped at Glc1Man9GlcNAc2, supporting the notion that the glycan structure delivered to the CNX/CRT cycle is Glc1Man9GlcNAc2. Unexpectedly, our experiments showed that Glc1Man8(B)GlcNAc2 had nearly the same reactivity as Glc1Man9GlcNAc2, which was markedly greater than that of its positional isomer Glc1Man8(C)GlcNAc2. An analysis with glycoprotein-like probes revealed the stepwise formation of Glc1Man9GlcNAc2 and Man9GlcNAc2 from Glc2Man9GlcNAc2, even in the presence of CRT. It was also shown that Glc1Man8(B)GlcNAc2 had even greater reactivity than Glc1Man9GlcNAc2 at the glycoprotein level. Moreover, inhibitory activities by nonglucosylated glycans suggested that Glc'ase II recognized the C arm (Manalpha1, 2Manalpha1, 6Man-) of high mannose-type glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiichiro Totani
- RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Matsuo I, Totani K, Tatami A, Ito Y. Comprehensive synthesis of ER related high-mannose-type sugar chains by convergent strategy. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Totani K, Matsuo I, Ihara Y, Ito Y. High-mannose-type glycan modifications of dihydrofolate reductase using glycan–methotrexate conjugates. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:5220-9. [PMID: 16647263 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2006] [Revised: 03/31/2006] [Accepted: 04/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Various high-mannose-type glycan modifications of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) were achieved by ligand-based approach using glycan-methotrexate (MTX) conjugates as tight binding glycan bearing ligands for DHFR. The resulting glycan-MTX conjugates and the corresponding artificial glycoproteins could be useful as oligosaccharide- and glycoprotein-probes to perform quantitative analysis of glycan recognizing protein such as lectins, glycosyltransferases or glycosidases. Moreover, artificial glycoproteins having two different high-mannose-type glycans were developed for the first time by a combination of two different types of glycan modification strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiichiro Totani
- RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Totani K, Ihara Y, Matsuo I, Koshino H, Ito Y. Synthetic Substrates for an Endoplasmic Reticulum Protein-Folding Sensor, UDP-Glucose: Glycoprotein Glucosyltransferase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200502723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ito Y, Hagihara S, Matsuo I, Totani K. Structural approaches to the study of oligosaccharides in glycoprotein quality control. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2005; 15:481-9. [PMID: 16154739 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2005.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2005] [Revised: 06/08/2005] [Accepted: 08/31/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
High-mannose-type oligosaccharides have been shown to play important roles in protein quality control. Several intracellular proteins, such as lectins, chaperones and glycan-processing enzymes, are involved in this process. These include calnexin/calreticulin, UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase (UGGT), cargo receptors (such as VIP36 and ERGIC-53), mannosidase-like proteins (e.g. EDEM and Htm1p) and ubiquitin ligase (Fbs). They are thought to recognize high-mannose-type glycans with subtly different structures, although the precise specificities are yet to be clarified. In order to gain a clear understanding of these protein-carbohydrate interactions, comprehensive synthesis of high-mannose-type glycans was conducted. In addition, two approaches to the synthesis of artificial glycoproteins with homogeneous oligosaccharides were investigated. Furthermore, a novel substrate of UGGT was discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukishige Ito
- RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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22
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Nakamura S, Yagi F, Totani K, Ito Y, Hirabayashi J. Comparative analysis of carbohydrate-binding properties of two tandem repeat-type Jacalin-related lectins, Castanea crenata agglutinin and Cycas revoluta leaf lectin. FEBS J 2005; 272:2784-99. [PMID: 15943812 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.04698.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lectins belonging to the jacalin-related lectin family are distributed widely in the plant kingdom. Recently, two mannose-specific lectins having tandem repeat-type structures were discovered in Castanea crenata (angiosperm) and Cycas revoluta (gymnosperm). The occurrence of such similar molecules in taxonomically less related plants suggests their importance in the plant body. To obtain clues to understand their physiological roles, we performed detailed analysis of their sugar-binding specificity. For this purpose, we compared the dissociation constants (K(d)) of Castanea crenata agglutinin (CCA) and Cycas revoluta leaf lectin (CRLL) by using 102 pyridylaminated and 13 p-nitrophenyl oligosaccharides with a recently developed automated system for frontal affinity chromatography. As a result, we found that the basic carbohydrate-binding properties of CCA and CRLL were similar, but differed in their preference for larger N-linked glycans (e.g. Man7-9 glycans). While the affinity of CCA decreased with an increase in the number of extended alpha1-2 mannose residues, CRLL could recognize these Man7-9 glycans with much enhanced affinity. Notably, both lectins also preserved considerable affinity for mono-antennary, complex type N-linked glycans, though the specificity was much broader for CCA. The information obtained here should be helpful for understanding their functions in vivo as well as for development of useful probes for animal cells. This is the first systematic approach to elucidate the fine specificities of plant lectins by means of high-throughput, automated frontal affinity chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Nakamura
- Glycostructure Analysis Team, Research Center for Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Hölemann A, Seeberger PH. Carbohydrate diversity: synthesis of glycoconjugates and complex carbohydrates. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2005; 15:615-22. [PMID: 15560990 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2004.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The fundamental role of glycoconjugates in many biological processes is now well appreciated and has intensified the development of innovative and improved synthetic strategies. All areas of synthetic methodology have seen major advances and many complex, highly branched carbohydrates and glycoproteins have been prepared using solution- and/or solid-phase approaches. The development of an automated oligosaccharide synthesizer provides rapid access to biologically relevant compounds. These chemical approaches help to produce sufficient quantities of defined oligosaccharides for biological studies. Synthetic chemistry also supports an improved understanding of glycobiology and will eventually result in the discovery of new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Hölemann
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Laboratory for Organic Chemistry, ETH Hönggerberg, HCI F315, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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