1
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Ahmed K, Bashir M, Bano R, Sarfraz M, Khan HU, Khan S, Sharif A, Waseem A, Gilani MA, Batool K, Idrees R, Rauf A, Saleem RSZ, Arshad M. Potent heteroaromatic hydrazone based 1,2,4-triazine motifs: synthesis, anti-oxidant activity, cholinesterase inhibition, quantum chemical and molecular docking studies. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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2
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Anichina K, Georgiev N, Lumov N, Vuchev D, Popova-Daskalova G, Momekov G, Cherneva E, Mihaylova R, Mavrova A, Atanasova-Vladimirova S, Piroeva I, Yancheva D. Fused Triazinobenzimidazoles Bearing Heterocyclic Moiety: Synthesis, Structure Investigations, and In Silico and In Vitro Biological Activity. Molecules 2023; 28:5034. [PMID: 37446695 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
[1,3,5]Triazino[1,2-a]benzimidazole-2-amines bearing heterocyclic moiety in 4-position were synthesized. The compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and HRMS spectroscopy. The molecular geometry and electron structure of these molecules were theoretically studied using density functional theory (DFT) methods. The molecular structure of the synthesized fused triazinobenzimidazole was confirmed to correspond to the 3,4-dihydrotriazinobenzimidazole structure through the analysis of spectroscopic NMR data and DFT calculations. The antinematodic activity was evaluated in vitro on isolated encapsulated muscle larvae (ML) of Trichinella spiralis. The results showed that the tested triazinobenzimidazoles exhibit significantly higher efficiency than the conventional drug used to treat trichinosis, albendazole, at a concentration of 50 μg/mL. The compound 3c substituted with a thiophen-2-yl moiety exhibited the highest anthelmintic activity, with a larvicidal effect of 58.41% at a concentration of 50 μg/mL after 24 h of incubation. Following closely behind, the pyrrole analog 3f demonstrated 49.90% effectiveness at the same concentration. The preliminary structure-anti-T. spiralis activity relationship (SAR) of the analogues in the series was discussed. The cytotoxicity of the benzimidazole derivatives against two normal fibroblast cells (3T3 and CCL-1) and two cancer human cell lines (MCF-7 breast cancer cells and chronic myeloid leukemia cells AR-230) was evaluated using the MTT-dye reduction assay. The screening results indicated that the compounds showed no cytotoxicity against the tested cell lines. An in silico study of the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic characteristics of the novel synthesized fused triazinobenzimidazoles showed that they were characterized by a significant degree of drug-likeness and optimal properties for anthelmintic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kameliya Anichina
- Department of Organic Synthesis, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 Kliment Ohridski Blvd., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nikolai Georgiev
- Department of Organic Synthesis, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 Kliment Ohridski Blvd., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nikolay Lumov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. Bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dimitar Vuchev
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Medical University, 15A Vasil Aprilov Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Galya Popova-Daskalova
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Medical University, 15A Vasil Aprilov Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Georgi Momekov
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Emiliya Cherneva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. Bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rositsa Mihaylova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Anelia Mavrova
- Department of Organic Synthesis, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 Kliment Ohridski Blvd., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Iskra Piroeva
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Build. 11, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Denitsa Yancheva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. Bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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3
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Badrey MG, Gomha SM, Abdelmonsef AH, El-Reedy AAM. Syntheses and Molecular Docking Analysis of Some New Thiazole and Thiazine Derivatives as Three Armed Molecules with a Triazine Ring as a Core Component: A Search for anti-Obesity Agents. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2023.2173617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed G. Badrey
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, El-Fayoum, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts-Almandaq, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sobhi M. Gomha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Cairo, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed A. M. El-Reedy
- Department of Basic and Applied Science, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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4
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El-Barbary AA, Imam DR, El–Tahawy MM, El-Hallouty SM, Kheder NA, Khodair AI. Unexpected synthesis, characterization, biological evaluations, and computational details of novel nucleosides containing triazine-pyrrole hybrid. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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5
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Xie F, Hao Y, Liu J, Bao J, Ni T, Liu Y, Chi X, Wang T, Yu S, Jin Y, Li L, Zhang D, Yan L. Discovery of Novel Thiosemicarbazides Containing 1,3,5-Triazines Derivatives as Potential Synergists against Fluconazole-Resistant Candida albicans. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2334. [PMID: 36365153 PMCID: PMC9693882 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical prevalence of antifungal drug resistance has been increasing over recent years, resulting in the failure of treatments. In an attempt to overcome this critical problem, we sought novel synergistic enhancers to restore the effectiveness of fluconazole against resistant Candida albicans. Based on the structural optimization of hit compound 8 from our in-house library, a series of novel 1,3,5-triazines derivatives was designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated for synergistic activity in combination with fluconazole. Among them, compounds 10a-o, which contain thiosemicarbazides side chains, exhibited excellent in vitro synergistic antifungal potency (MIC80 = 0.125-2.0 μg/mL, FICI range from 0.127 to 0.25). Interestingly, compound 10l exhibited moderate C. albicans activity as monotherapy with an MIC80 value of 4.0 μg/mL, and also on several Cryptococcus strains (MIC80 ranging from ≤ 0.125-0.5 μg/mL) and C. glabrata (MIC80 ≤ 0.125 μg/mL). These effects were fungal-selective, with much lower levels of cytotoxicity towards human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Here, we report a series of thiosemicarbazides containing 1,3,5-triazines derivatives as potent synergists with fluconazole, and have preliminarily validated compound 10l as a promising antifungal lead for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xie
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yumeng Hao
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiacun Liu
- Center of New Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Junhe Bao
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Tingjunhong Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Center of New Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaochen Chi
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shichong Yu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yongsheng Jin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Liping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Dazhi Zhang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lan Yan
- Center of New Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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6
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Multicomponent Molecular Systems Based on Porphyrins, 1,3,5-Triazine and Carboranes: Synthesis and Characterization. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196200. [PMID: 36234729 PMCID: PMC9572311 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
2,4,6-Trichloro-1,3,5-triazine (cyanuric chloride) is an excellent coupling reagent for the preparation of highly structured multifunctional molecules. Three component systems based on porphyrin, cyanuric chloride and carborane clusters were prepared by a one-pot stepwise amination of cyanuric chloride with 5-(4-aminophenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin, followed by replacement of the remaining chlorine atoms with carborane S- or N-nucleophiles. Some variants of 1,3,5-triazine derivatives containing porphyrin, carborane and residues of biologically active compounds such as maleimide, glycine methyl ester as well as thioglycolic acid, mercaptoethanol and hexafluoroisopropanol were also prepared. A careful control of the reaction temperature during the substitution reactions will allow the synthesis of desired compounds in a good to high yields. The structures of synthesized compounds were determined with UV-vis, IR, 1H NMR, 11B NMR, MALDI-TOF or LC-MS spectroscopic data. The dark and photocytotoxicity as well as intracellular localization and photoinduced cell death for compounds 8, 9, 17, 18 and 24 were evaluated.
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Kumari S, Singh A. Various Techniques for One-Pot Synthesis of 1,3,5-Triazine (s-Triazine)
Derivatives: A Review. MINI-REV ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570193x18666210225115511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:
Recent studies have shown that one-pot synthesis is a boon for triazines synthesis. One-pot processes had significant success in carrying out complex reactions under mild and eco-friendly conditions. One-pot synthesis is environmentally benign and more economical than other processes in triazines synthesis. The triazine scaffold has provided the starting key point for the design and development of pharmaceutical molecules with wide range of biomedical applications. This review highlights the various methodologies involved for one-pot synthesis of 1,3,5-triazine scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhbeer Kumari
- Department of Chemistry S S Jain Subodh PG (Autonomous) College, Jaipur,India
| | - Anupama Singh
- Department of Chemistry S S Jain Subodh PG (Autonomous) College, Jaipur,India
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1,3,5-Triazine Nitrogen Mustards with Different Peptide Group as Innovative Candidates for AChE and BACE1 Inhibitors. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133942. [PMID: 34203347 PMCID: PMC8271926 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of new analogs of nitrogen mustards (4a–4h) containing the 1,3,5-triazine ring substituted with dipeptide residue were synthesized and evaluated for the inhibition of both acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and β-secretase (BACE1) enzymes. The AChE inhibitory activity studies were carried out using Ellman’s colorimetric method, and the BACE1 inhibitory activity studies were carried out using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). All compounds displayed considerable AChE and BACE1 inhibition. The most active against both AChE and BACE1 enzymes were compounds A and 4a, with an inhibitory concentration of AChE IC50 = 0.051 µM; 0.055 µM and BACE1 IC50 = 9.00 µM; 11.09 µM, respectively.
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Soliman SM, Massoud RA, Al-Rasheed HH, El-Faham A. Syntheses and Structural Investigations of Penta-Coordinated Co(II) Complexes with Bis-Pyrazolo- S-Triazine Pincer Ligands, and Evaluation of Their Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123633. [PMID: 34198604 PMCID: PMC8232275 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Two penta-coordinated [Co(MorphBPT)Cl2]; 1 and [Co(PipBPT)Cl2]; 2 complexes with the bis-pyrazolyl-s-triazine pincer ligands MorphBPT and PipBPT were synthesized and characterized. Both MorphBPT and PipBPT act as NNN-tridentate pincer chelates coordinating the Co(II) center with one short Co-N(s-triazine) and two longer Co-N(pyrazole) bonds. The coordination number of Co(II) is five in both complexes, and the geometry around Co(II) ion is a distorted square pyramidal in 1, while 2 shows more distortion. In both complexes, the packing is dominated by Cl…H, C-H…π, and Cl…C (anion-π stacking) interactions in addition to O…H interactions, which are found only in 1. The UV-Vis spectral band at 564 nm was assigned to metal–ligand charge transfer transitions based on TD-DFT calculations. Complexes 1 and 2 showed higher antimicrobial activity compared to the respective free ligand MorphBPT and PipBPT, which were not active. MIC values indicated that 2 had better activity against S. aureus, B. subtilis, and P. vulgaris than 1. DPPH free radical scavenging assay revealed that all the studied compounds showed weak to moderate antioxidant activity where the nature of the substituent at the s-triazine core has a significant impact on the antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saied M. Soliman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria 21321, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (S.M.S.); (A.E.-F.); Tel.: +20-111-1361-059 (S.M.S.); +966-114-673-195 (A.E.-F.)
| | - Raghdaa A. Massoud
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria 21321, Egypt;
| | - Hessa H. Al-Rasheed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ayman El-Faham
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria 21321, Egypt;
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (S.M.S.); (A.E.-F.); Tel.: +20-111-1361-059 (S.M.S.); +966-114-673-195 (A.E.-F.)
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10
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Marandi F, Moeini K, Krautscheid H. A PYRIDYL-TRIAZINE COMPLEX OF Co(II): SPECTROSCOPIC, STRUCTURAL, AND DOCKING STUDIES. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476621040119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Singh S, Mandal MK, Masih A, Saha A, Ghosh SK, Bhat HR, Singh UP. 1,3,5-Triazine: A versatile pharmacophore with diverse biological activities. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 354:e2000363. [PMID: 33760298 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
1,3,5-Triazine and its derivatives have been the epicenter of chemotherapeutic molecules due to their effective biological activities, such as antibacterial, fungicidal, antimalarial, anticancer, antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiamoebic, and antitubercular activities. The present review represents a summarized report of the crucial biological activities possessed by substituted 1,3,5-triazine derivatives, with special attention to the most potent compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Singh
- Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology, and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Milan K Mandal
- Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology, and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anup Masih
- Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology, and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashmita Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Surajit K Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Hans R Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Udaya P Singh
- Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology, and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Pereira PHS, Garcia CRS. Melatonin action in Plasmodium infection: Searching for molecules that modulate the asexual cycle as a strategy to impair the parasite cycle. J Pineal Res 2021; 70:e12700. [PMID: 33025644 PMCID: PMC7757246 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Half of the world's population lives in countries at risk of malaria infection, which results in approximately 450,000 deaths annually. Malaria parasites infect erythrocytes in a coordinated manner, with cycle durations in multiples of 24 hours, which reflects a behavior consistent with the host's circadian cycle. Interference in cycle coordination can help the immune system to naturally fight infection. Consequently, there is a search for new drugs that interfere with the cycle duration for combined treatment with conventional antimalarials. Melatonin appears to be a key host hormone responsible for regulating circadian behavior in the parasite cycle. In addition to host factors, there are still unknown factors intrinsic to the parasite that control the cycle duration. In this review, we present a series of reports of indole compounds and melatonin derivatives with antimalarial activity that were tested on several species of Plasmodium to evaluate the cytotoxicity to parasites and human cells, in addition to the ability to interfere with the development of the erythrocytic cycle. Most of the reported compounds had an IC50 value in the low micromolar range, without any toxicity to human cells. Triptosil, an indole derivative of melatonin, was able to inhibit the effect of melatonin in vitro without causing changes to the parasitemia. The wide variety of tested compounds indicates that it is possible to develop a compound capable of safely eliminating parasites from the host and interfering with the life cycle, which is promising for the development of new combined therapies against malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H. S. Pereira
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological AnalysesSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Celia R. S. Garcia
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological AnalysesSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
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13
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Soliman SM, Elsilk SE, El-Faham A. Syntheses, structure, Hirshfeld analysis and antimicrobial activity of four new Co(II) complexes with s-triazine-based pincer ligand. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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14
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Kushwaha N, Sharma CS. The Chemistry of Triazine Isomers: Structures, Reactions, Synthesis and Applications. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:2104-2122. [PMID: 32727324 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200729160720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Triazine is the six-membered heterocyclic ring containing three nitrogens, which replace the carbon-hydrogen unit in the benzene ring. Based on nitrogen position present in the ring system, it is categorized in three isomeric forms, i.e., 1, 2, 3-triazine (vicinal triazine), 1, 2, 4-triazine (asymmetrical triazine or isotriazine) and 1, 3, 5-triazine (symmetrical or s-triazine or cyanidine). Triazines have a weakly basic property. Their isomers have much weaker resonance energy than benzene structure, so nucleophilic substitution reactions are more preferred than electrophilic substitution reactions. Triazine isomers and their derivatives are known to play important roles possessing various activities in medicinal and agricultural fields such as anti-cancer, antiviral, fungicidal, insecticidal, bactericidal, herbicidal, antimalarial and antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelottama Kushwaha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, BN College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, BN University, Udaipur, Rajasthan-313001, India
| | - C S Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, BN College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, BN University, Udaipur, Rajasthan-313001, India
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Soliman SM, El‐Faham A, El Silk SE. Novel one‐dimensional polymeric Cu(II) complexes via Cu(II)‐assisted hydrolysis of the 2,4‐
bis
(3,5‐dimethyl‐1
H
‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)‐6‐methoxy‐1,3,5‐triazine pincer ligand: Synthesis, structure, and antimicrobial activities. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saied M. Soliman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Alexandria University PO Box 426, Ibrahimia Alexandria 21321 Egypt
| | - Ayman El‐Faham
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Alexandria University PO Box 426, Ibrahimia Alexandria 21321 Egypt
- Department of Chemistry College of Science King Saud University, PO Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Sobhy E. El Silk
- Bacteriology Unit, Botany Department, Faculty of Science Tanta University Tanta 31527 Egypt
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16
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Das A, Ghosh SK, Bhat HR, Kalita J, Kashyap A, Adhikari N. Docking, Synthesis and Antimalarial Evaluation of Hybrid Phenyl Thiazole 1,3,5-Triazine Derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573407215666190308154139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Presentlytheeffectiveness of antifolate antimalarial drugs is decreasing due to
the emergence of resistant Plasmodium strains. The aim of the present study was to determine the antimalarial
effect of hybrid p-bromo phenyl thiazole-triazine derivatives against 3D7 strain of Plasmodium
falciparum.
Methods:
Seventy-fivehybrid derivativeswere designed based on the lead molecule and docking was
done against the active site of Pf-DHFR-TS (PDB i.d. 1J3i) with validated ligand fit protocol by using
Discovery Studio 2.5. Based on the highest binding energy and the best docked pose, fifteen compounds
were selected for the synthesis. Synthesized compounds were characterized by different spectroscopy
methods and in-vitro antimalarial evaluation was done against the 3D7 strain of Plasmodium falciparum.
Results:
Fifteen compounds were synthesized by conventional and microwave assisted method and
were characterized byFT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and Mass spectroscopy. In-vitro antimalarial screening
results showed that compounds ADG303, ADG 306 and ADG 302 have the highest activity against
3D7 strain of P. falciparum. Furthermore, docking result of these compounds having binding energies
of -154.91, -165.981, -137.826 respectively showed similarity with reference compound WR99210
(-152.023) and also bound to Asp54 and Phe 58 amino acid at the active site of the receptor.
Conclusion:
The synthesized compound ADG303 exhibited an encouraging result which could be a
new lead for antimalarial drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
| | - Surajit K. Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
| | - Hans Raj Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
| | - Junmoni Kalita
- Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science (GIPS), Guwahati 781017, Assam, India
| | - Ankita Kashyap
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
| | - Nayana Adhikari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
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Verma T, Sinha M, Bansal N. Heterocyclic Compounds Bearing Triazine Scaffold and Their Biological Significance: A Review. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 20:4-28. [DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666191028111351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Benzene is a six-membered hydrocarbon ring system and if three carbon-hydrogen units of benzene ring are replaced by nitrogen atoms then triazine is formed. Triazines are present in three isomeric forms 1,2,3- triazine, 1,2,4-triazine, and 1,3,5-triazine according to the position of the nitrogen atom. These are weak bases having weaker resonance energy than benzene, so nucleophilic substitution is preferred than electrophilic substitution. Triazine is an interesting class of heterocyclic compounds in medicinal chemistry. Numerous synthetic derivatives of triazine have been prepared and evaluated for a wide spectrum of biological activities in different models with desired findings such as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-cancer, antiviral, antimalarial, antiinflammatory, antiulcer, anticonvulsant, antimicrobial, insecticidal and herbicidal agents. Triazine analogs have exposed potent pharmacological activity. So, triazine nucleus may be considered as an interesting core moiety for researchers for the development of future drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarawanti Verma
- I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University (IKGPTU), Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Manish Sinha
- Laureate Institute of Pharmacy, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Nitin Bansal
- Department of Pharmacology, ASBASJSM College of Pharmacy, BELA, Ropar, Punjab, India
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Marella A, Verma G, Shaquiquzzaman M, Khan MF, Akhtar W, Alam MM. Malaria Hybrids: A Chronological Evolution. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:1144-1177. [PMID: 30887923 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666190315100027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Malaria, an upsetting malaise caused by a diverse class of Plasmodium species affects about 40% of the world's population. The distress associated with it has reached colossal scales owing to the development of resistance to most of the clinically available agents. Hence, the search for newer molecules for malaria treatment and cure is an incessant process. After the era of a single molecule for malaria treatment ended, there was an advent of combination therapy. However, lately there had been reports of the development of resistance to many of these agents as well. Subsequently, at present most of the peer groups working on malaria treatment aim to develop novel molecules, which may act on more than one biological processes of the parasite life cycle, and these scaffolds have been aptly termed as Hybrid Molecules or Double Drugs. These molecules may hold the key to hitherto unknown ways of showing a detrimental effect on the parasite. This review enlists a few of the recent advances made in malaria treatment by these hybrid molecules in a sequential manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Garima Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi - 110062, India
| | - Md Shaquiquzzaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi - 110062, India
| | - Md Faraz Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi - 110062, India
| | - Wasim Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi - 110062, India
| | - Md Mumtaz Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi - 110062, India
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Marandi F, Moeini K, Krautscheid H. Coordination of a triazine ligand with Cu II and Ag I investigated by spectral, structural, theoretical and docking studies. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2019; 75:1389-1397. [PMID: 31589155 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229619011719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Two complexes of 5-phenyl-3-(pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazine (PPTA), namely (ethanol-κO)bis(nitrato-κO)[5-phenyl-3-(pyridin-2-yl-κN)-1,2,4-triazine-κN2]copper(II), [Cu(NO3)2(C14H10N4)(C2H6O)] or [Cu(NO3)2(PPTA)(EtOH)] (1), and bis[μ-5-phenyl-3-(pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazine]-κ3N1:N2,N3;κ3N2,N3:N1-bis[(nitrato-κO)silver(I)], [Ag2(NO3)2(C14H10N4)2] or [Ag2(NO3)2(μ-PPTA)2] (2), were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The X-ray structure analysis of 1 revealed a copper complex with square-pyramdial geometry containing two O-donor nitrate ligands along with an N,N'-donor PPTA ligand and one O-donor ethanol ligand. In the binuclear structure of 2, formed by the bridging of two PPTA ligands, each Ag atom has an AgN3O environment and square-planar geometry. In addition to the four dative interactions, each Ag atom interacts with two O atoms of two nitrate ligands on adjacent complexes to complete a pseudo-octahedral geometry. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the geometry around the Cu and Ag atoms in 1opt and 2opt (opt is optimized) for an isolated molecule is the same as the experimental results. In 1, O-H...O hydrogen bonds form R12(4) motifs. In the crystal network of the complexes, in addition to the hydrogen bonds, there are π-π stacking interactions between the aromatic rings (phenyl, pyridine and triazine) of the ligands on adjacent complexes. The ability of the ligand and complexes 1 and 2 to interact with ten selected biomacromolecules (BRAF kinase, CatB, DNA gyrase, HDAC7, rHA, RNR, TrxR, TS, Top II and B-DNA) was investigated by docking studies. The results show that the studied compounds can interact with proteins better than doxorubicin (except for TrxR and Top II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzin Marandi
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, 57561-51818 Urmia, I. R. Iran
| | - Keyvan Moeini
- Chemistry Department, Payame Noor University, 19395-4697 Tehran, I. R. Iran
| | - Harald Krautscheid
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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20
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An insight into the medicinal perspective of synthetic analogs of indole: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 180:562-612. [PMID: 31344615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Heterocycles occupy a salient place in chemistry due to their wide range of activity in the fields of drug design, photochemistry, agrochemicals, dyes, and so on. Amongst all, indole scaffold is considered as one of the most promising heterocycles found in natural and synthetic sources and has been shown to possess various biological activity, including anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV, antitubercular, antimalarial, anticonvulsant, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, analgesics, antidepressant, anticancer, antioxidant, antifungal, and antimicrobial, etc. All the reported indole molecules bind to multiple receptors with high affinity, thus expedite the research on the development of novel biologically active compounds through the various approach. In this review, we aimed to highlight synthetic and medicinal perspective on the development of indole-based analogs. In addition, structural activity relationship (SAR) study to correlate for their biological activity also discussed.
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Abdel‐kariem SM. Synthesis of Some Novel Thiadiazaphosphole, Oxazaphospholothiadiazaphosphole, Thiadiazaphosphinine, and Phosphonates Containing a 1,2,4‐Triazine Moiety. J Heterocycl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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22
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Al-Khodir FA, Al-Warhi T, Abumelha HM, Al-Issa S. Synthesis, chemical and biological investigations of new Ru(III) and Se(IV) complexes containing 1,3,5-triazine chelating derivatives. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.11.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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23
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Hamama WS, El‐Bana GG, Mostafa ME, Zoorob HH. Synthesis and Acaricidal Activity of Some New 1,2,4‐Triazine Derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa S. Hamama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceMansoura University El‐Gomhoria Street Mansoura ET‐35516 Egypt
| | - Ghada G. El‐Bana
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceMansoura University El‐Gomhoria Street Mansoura ET‐35516 Egypt
| | | | - Hanafi H. Zoorob
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceMansoura University El‐Gomhoria Street Mansoura ET‐35516 Egypt
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24
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Marzi M, Shiroudi A, Pourshamsian K, Oliaey AR, Hatamjafari F. A theoretical study of the tautomerism kinetics of 4-amino-6-methyl-3-thioxo-3,4-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-5(2H)-one in the gas phase: NBO population and NICS analysis. J Sulphur Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2018.1548621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahrokh Marzi
- Chemistry Department, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Shiroudi
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khalil Pourshamsian
- Chemistry Department, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Oliaey
- Chemistry Department, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Farhad Hatamjafari
- Chemistry Department, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
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25
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Motaleb MA, Ibrahim IT, Sarhan MO, Zaghary WA. Radioiodination and biological distribution of a new s-triazine derivative for tumor uptake evaluation. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2018; 61:1058-1068. [PMID: 30193401 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A newly synthesized s-triazine derivative 1,1',1″-(((1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl) tris (azanediyl)) tris (benzene-4,1-diyl))tris (ethan-1-one), (1), was synthesized as a part of an ongoing research for development of novel s-triazine-based radiopharmaceuticals. In-vitro cell viability assay against different human cancer cell lines showed very promising inhibitory activity of the synthesized compound. This finding encouraged the radioiodination of 1 to study the degree of its localization in tumor site for evaluating the possibility of its use as a tumor imaging agent. The biodistribution study showed good localization of the radioiodinated derivative 2 at tumor site following i.v. administration in solid tumor-bearing mice. Finally, in a trial to understand the mechanism of the anticancer effect exerted by 1, a target prediction study and a docking study were performed. The results of the first study showed that focal adhesion kinase is a possible target for compound 1 and the docking study confirmed successful binding of both compound 1 and its radioiodinated derivative 2 to the binding site of focal adhesion kinase. As a conclusion, the results of this study suggest that, compound 2 could be used as a potential agent for tumor imaging after preclinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Motaleb
- Labeled Compounds Department, Hot Laboratories Centre, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ismail T Ibrahim
- Labeled Compounds Department, Hot Laboratories Centre, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Bian University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Mona O Sarhan
- Labeled Compounds Department, Hot Laboratories Centre, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wafaa A Zaghary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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26
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Ranjbar-Karimi R, Darehkordi A, Bahadornia F, Poorfreidoni A. Dipyrido[1,2-b:3′,4′-e][1,2,4]triazine Scaffolds from Pentafluoropyridine. J Heterocycl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ranjbar-Karimi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Vali-e-Asr University; Rafsanjan 77176 Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Ali Darehkordi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Vali-e-Asr University; Rafsanjan 77176 Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Fahimeh Bahadornia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Vali-e-Asr University; Rafsanjan 77176 Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Alireza Poorfreidoni
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Vali-e-Asr University; Rafsanjan 77176 Islamic Republic of Iran
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27
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Shajari N, Ghiasi R. Theoretical Study of Tautomerization in 1,5-Dimethyl-6-Thioxo-1,3,5-Triazinane-2,4-Dione. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s002247661803006x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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28
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Sangeetha R, Balasubramani K, Thanigaimani K, Jose Kavitha S. Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 2,4-di-amino-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-1-ium tri-chloro-acetate monohydrate. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2018; 74:944-948. [PMID: 30002891 PMCID: PMC6038629 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989018008307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the crystal structure, the cations form hydrogen-bonded zigzag chains through centrosymmetric cyclic (8) N—H⋯N associations while the water molecule acts as a double acceptor, linking the cations of the chain peripherally through amine N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, closing cyclic (8) motifs, and as a double O—H⋯O donor, linking the anions, giving an overall three-dimensional structure. The asymmetric unit of the title molecular salt, C4H8N5+·C2Cl3O2−·H2O, coomprises a 2,4-diamino-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-1-ium cation, a trichloroacetate anion and a water molecule of solvation. The protonated N atom of the cation forms a hydrogen bond with a carboxyl O atom of the anion, which also acts as a hydrogen-atom acceptor with the water molecule. The cations form centrosymmetric dimeric units through R22(8) N—H⋯N bond pairs and are extended into zigzag chains along the c-axis direction, also through similar cyclic R22(8) dual N—H⋯N hydrogen-bonding interactions. The water molecule acts as a dual acceptor forming N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the amine groups of the cations, forming cyclic R23(8) motifs. The second H atom of the water molecule also acts as a donor in an O—H⋯O hydrogen bond with the second carboxyl O atom, linking the chains along the b-axis direction. These interactions give rise to an overall three-dimensional supramolecular structure. A Hirshfeld surface analysis was employed in order to study the intermolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramalingam Sangeetha
- Department of Chemistry, Governemnt Arts College (Autonomous), Karur 639 005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kasthuri Balasubramani
- Department of Chemistry, Governemnt Arts College (Autonomous), Karur 639 005, Tamil Nadu, India
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29
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Łączkowski KZ, Anusiak J, Świtalska M, Dzitko K, Cytarska J, Baranowska-Łączkowska A, Plech T, Paneth A, Wietrzyk J, Białczyk J. Synthesis, molecular docking, ctDNA interaction, DFT calculation and evaluation of antiproliferative and anti- Toxoplasma gondii activities of 2,4-diaminotriazine-thiazole derivatives. Med Chem Res 2018; 27:1131-1148. [PMID: 29576720 PMCID: PMC5854716 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-018-2136-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis, characterization, and investigation of antiproliferative activities against human cancer cell lines (MV4-11, MCF-7, and A549) and Toxoplasma gondii parasite of twelve novel 2,4-diaminotriazine-thiazoles are presented. The toxicity of the compounds was studied at three different cell types, normal mouse fibroblast (Balb/3T3), mouse fibroblast (L929), and human VERO cells. The structures of novel compounds were determined using 1H and 13C NMR, FAB(+)-MS, and elemental analyses. Among the derivatives, 4a–k showed very high activity against MV4-11 cell line with IC50 values between 1.13 and 3.21 µg/ml. Additionally, the cytotoxic activity of compounds 4a–k against normal mouse fibroblast Balb/3T3 cells is about 20–100 times lower than against cancer cell lines. According to our results, compounds 4a, 4b, 4d, and 4i have very strong activity against human breast carcinoma MCF-7, with IC50 values from 3.18 to 4.28 µg/ml. Moreover, diaminotriazines 4a–l showed significant anti-Toxoplasma gondii activity, with IC50 values 9–68 times lower than those observed for sulfadiazine. Molecular docking studies indicated DNA-binding site of hTopoI and hTopoII as possible anticancer targets and purine nucleoside phosphorylase as possible anti-toxoplasmosis target. Our UV–Vis spectroscopic results indicate also that diaminotriazine-thiazoles tends to interact with DNA by intercalation. Additionally, the structure and the interaction and binding energies of a model complex formed by compound 4a and two thymine molecules are investigated using quantum mechanical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Z Łączkowski
- 1Department of Chemical Technology and Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Joanna Anusiak
- 1Department of Chemical Technology and Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marta Świtalska
- 2Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Dzitko
- 3Department of Immunoparasitology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Cytarska
- 1Department of Chemical Technology and Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Plech
- 5Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agata Paneth
- 6Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- 1Department of Chemical Technology and Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland.,2Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.,3Department of Immunoparasitology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland.,4Institute of Physics, Kazimierz Wielki University, Plac Weyssenhoffa 11, 85-072 Bydgoszcz, Poland.,5Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.,6Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Białczyk
- 1Department of Chemical Technology and Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland.,2Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.,3Department of Immunoparasitology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland.,4Institute of Physics, Kazimierz Wielki University, Plac Weyssenhoffa 11, 85-072 Bydgoszcz, Poland.,5Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.,6Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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30
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Pathak M, Ojha H, Tiwari AK, Sharma D, Saini M, Kakkar R. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of antimalarial activity of new derivatives of 2,4,6-s-triazine. Chem Cent J 2017; 11:132. [PMID: 29256159 PMCID: PMC5735044 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-017-0362-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is an important enzyme for de novo synthesis of nucleotides in Plasmodium falciparum and it is essential for cell proliferation. DHFR is a well known antimalarial target for drugs like cycloguanil and pyrimethamine which target its inhibition for their pharmacological actions. However, the clinical efficacies of these antimalarial drugs have been compromising due to multiple mutations occurring in DHFR that lead to drug resistance. In this background, we have designed 22 s -triazine compounds using the best five parameters based 3D-QSAR model built by using genetic function approximation. In-silico designed compounds were further filtered to 6 compounds based upon their ADME properties, docking studies and predicted minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). Out of 6 compounds, 3 compounds were synthesized in good yield over 95% and characterized using IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and mass spectroscopic techniques. Parasitemia inhibition assay was used to evaluate the antimalarial activity of s -triazine compounds against 3D7 strain of P. falciparum. All the three compounds (7, 13 and 18) showed 30 times higher potency than cycloguanil (standard drug). It was observed that compound 18 was the most active while the compound 13 was the least active. On the closer inspection of physicochemical properties and SAR, it was observed that the presence of electron donating groups, number of hydrogen bond formation, lipophilicity of ligands and coulson charge of nitrogen atom present in the triazine ring enhances the DHFR inhibition significantly. This study will contribute to further endeavours of more potent DHFR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallika Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, Miranda House, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.,Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Himanshu Ojha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India. .,Division of CBRN Defence, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India.
| | - Anjani K Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Deepti Sharma
- Division of CBRN Defence, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Manisha Saini
- Department of Chemistry, Miranda House, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Rita Kakkar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
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31
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Marandi F, Moeini K, Mostafazadeh B, Krautscheid H. Structural, spectral and theoretical aspects in the coordination of a triazine-based ligand toward lead(II) with a holodirected environment. Polyhedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2017.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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32
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Shekouhy M, Moaddeli A, Khalafi-Nezhad A. A novel one-pot three component approach to 6-substituted 2,4-diamino-1,3,5-triazines using nano-sized copper/zinc-modified MCM-41 (Cu/Zn-MCM-41) as a new heterogeneous mesoporous catalyst. J IND ENG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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33
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Al-Zaydi KM, Khalil HH, El-Faham A, Khattab SN. Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of 1,3,5-triazine aminobenzoic acid derivatives for their antimicrobial activity. Chem Cent J 2017; 11:39. [PMID: 29086830 PMCID: PMC5423881 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-017-0267-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Replacement of chloride ions in cyanuric chloride give several variants of 1,3,5-triazine derivatives which were investigated as biologically active small molecules. These compounds exhibit antimalarial, antimicrobial, anti-cancer and anti-viral activities, among other beneficial properties. On the other hand, treatment of bacterial infections remains a challenging therapeutic problem because of the emerging infectious diseases and the increasing number of multidrug-resistant microbial pathogens. As multidrug-resistant bacterial strains proliferate, the necessity for effective therapy has stimulated research into the design and synthesis of novel antimicrobial molecules. Results 1,3,5-Triazine 4-aminobenzoic acid derivatives were prepared by conventional method or by using microwave irradiation. Using microwave irradiation gave the desired products in less time, good yield and higher purity. Esterification of the 4-aminobenzoic acid moiety afforded methyl ester analogues. The s-triazine derivatives and their methyl ester analogues were fully characterized by FT-IR, NMR (1H-NMR and 13C-NMR), mass spectra and elemental analysis. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. Some tested compounds showed promising activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Conclusions Three series of mono-, di- and trisubstituted s-triazine derivatives and their methyl ester analogues were synthesized and fully characterized. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. Compounds (10), (16), (25) and (30) have antimicrobial activity against S. aureus comparable to that of ampicillin, while the activity of compound (13) is about 50% of that of ampicillin. Compounds (13) and (14) have antimicrobial activity against E. coli comparable to that of ampicillin, while the activity of compounds (9–12) and (15) is about 50% of that of ampicillin. Furthermore, minimum inhibitory concentrations values for clinical isolates of compounds (10), (13), (14), (16), (25) and (30) were measured. Compounds (10) and (13) were more active against MRSA and E. coli than ampicillin. Invitro cytotoxicity results revealed that compounds (10) and (13) were nontoxic up to 250 µg/mL (with SI = 10) and 125 µg/mL (with SI = 5), respectively.Three series of mono-, di- and trisubstituted s-triazine derivatives and their methyl ester analogues were synthesized and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. Several compounds have antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and E. coli comparable to that of ampicillin. ![]() Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13065-017-0267-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijah M Al-Zaydi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences-AL Faisaliah, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, P.O. Box 50918, Jeddah, 21533, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hosam H Khalil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria, 21321, Egypt
| | - Ayman El-Faham
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria, 21321, Egypt
| | - Sherine N Khattab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria, 21321, Egypt.
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Hamama W, El-Bana G, Shaaban S, Habib OMO, Zoorob H. An Easy Access to Construct Some New Fused 1,2,4-Triazines with Ring Junction Nitrogen Systems and Their Biological Evaluation. J Heterocycl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa Hamama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Mansoura University; El-Gomhoria Street Mansoura ET-35516 Egypt
| | - Ghada El-Bana
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Mansoura University; El-Gomhoria Street Mansoura ET-35516 Egypt
| | - Saad Shaaban
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Mansoura University; El-Gomhoria Street Mansoura ET-35516 Egypt
| | - O. M. O. Habib
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Mansoura University; El-Gomhoria Street Mansoura ET-35516 Egypt
| | - Hanafi Zoorob
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Mansoura University; El-Gomhoria Street Mansoura ET-35516 Egypt
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Aly AA, Ramadan M, Morsy NM, Elkanzi N. Inclusion of Carbonyl Groups of Benzo[
b
]thiophene‐2,5‐dione into Amidrazones: Synthesis of 1,2,4‐triazine‐5,6‐diones. J Heterocycl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf A. Aly
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceMinia University 61519 El Minia Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ramadan
- Department of Organic ChemistryFaculty of PharmacyAl‐Azhar University Assiut Egypt
| | - Nesrin M. Morsy
- Department of Organometallic and Organometalloid ChemistryNational Research Centre Dokki 12622 Cairo Egypt
| | - N.A.A. Elkanzi
- Department of ChemistryCollege of ScienceAswan University 81528 Aswan Egypt
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Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of some new 4-(4-(2-isonicotinoylhydrazinyl)-6-((aryl)amino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-ylamino)-N-(pyrimidin-2-yl) benzenesulfonamides. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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El-Faham A, Soliman SM, Ghabbour HA, Elnakady YA, Mohaya TA, Siddiqui MR, Albericio F. Ultrasonic promoted synthesis of novel s -triazine-Schiff base derivatives; molecular structure, spectroscopic studies and their preliminary anti-proliferative activities. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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38
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El Sayed MT, Hussein HAR, Osman DA. Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluations of Some Novel Mono-, Bis-, and Tris-Nitro-1,2,4-Triazines. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201600097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mardia Telep El Sayed
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department; National Research Centre; Dokki Cairo 12311 Egypt
| | | | - Dalia Ahmed Osman
- Photochemistry Department; National Research Center; Dokki Cairo 12311 Egypt
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Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of some novel 4-(4-(arylamino)-6-(piperidin-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-2-ylamino)-N-(pyrimidin-2-yl)benzenesulfonamides. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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40
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El-Faham A, Soliman SM, Osman SM, Ghabbour HA, Siddiqui MRH, Fun HK, Albericio F. One pot synthesis, molecular structure and spectroscopic studies (X-ray, IR, NMR, UV-Vis) of novel 2-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl) amino acid ester derivatives. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 159:184-198. [PMID: 26845586 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Novel series of 2-(4,6-dimethoxy,1,3,5-triazin-2-yl) amino acid ester derivatives were synthesized using simple one pot method in methanol. The products were obtained in high yields and purities as observed from their spectral data, elemental analyses, GC-MS and X-ray crystallographic analysis. The B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) calculated molecular structures are well correlated with the geometrical parameters obtained from the X-ray analyses. The spectroscopic properties such as IR vibrational modes, NMR chemical shifts and UV-Vis electronic transitions were discussed both experimentally and theoretically. The IR vibrational frequencies showed good correlations with the experimental data (R(2)=0.9961-0.9995). The electronic spectra were assigned based on the TD-DFT results. Intense electronic transition band is calculated at 198.1 nm (f=0.1389), 204.2 nm (f=0.2053), 205.0 (f=0.1704) and 205.7 (0.2971) for compounds 6a-i, respectively. The molecular orbital energy levels contributed in the longest wavelength transition band were explained. For all compounds, the experimental wavelengths showed red shifts compared to the calculations due to the solvent effect. The NMR chemical shifts were calculated using GIAO method. The NBO analyses were performed to predict the stabilization energies due to the electron delocalization processes occur in the studied systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman El-Faham
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria 21321, Egypt.
| | - Saied M Soliman
- Department of Chemistry, Rabigh College of Science and Art, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 344, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria 21321, Egypt.
| | - Sameh M Osman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Advanced Materials Research Chair, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazem A Ghabbour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2457, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed R H Siddiqui
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hoong-Kun Fun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2457, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; X-ray Crystallography Unit, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), BaldiriReixac 10, Barcelona 08028, Spain; CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona,Barcelona 08028, Spain
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Ghabbour HA, El-Faham A. Crystal structure of 4-chloro-N,N-diethyl-6-(piperidin-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine, C 12H 20ClN 5. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2015-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C12H20ClN5, triclinic, P1̅, a = 8.7253(3) Å, b = 8.9973(4) Å, c = 9.3025(4) Å, α = 90.982(2)°, β = 110.760(1)°, γ = 94.662(2)°, V = 679.78(5) Å3, Z = 2, R
int = 0.071, wR(F
2
) = 0.116, T = 100 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem A. Ghabbour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ayman El-Faham
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
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42
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Hamama WS, El-Bana GG, Shaaban S, Habib OMO, Zoorob HH. An Easy Access to Construct Some Fused 1,2,4-Triazines with Ring Junction Nitrogen Systems and Their Biological Evaluation. J Heterocycl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa S. Hamama
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science, Mansoura University; El-Gomhoria Street Mansoura ET-35516 Egypt
| | - Ghada G. El-Bana
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science, Mansoura University; El-Gomhoria Street Mansoura ET-35516 Egypt
| | - Saad Shaaban
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science, Mansoura University; El-Gomhoria Street Mansoura ET-35516 Egypt
| | - O. M. O. Habib
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science, Mansoura University; El-Gomhoria Street Mansoura ET-35516 Egypt
| | - Hanafi H. Zoorob
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science, Mansoura University; El-Gomhoria Street Mansoura ET-35516 Egypt
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43
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Tang D, Wang J, Wu P, Guo X, Li JH, Yang S, Chen BH. Synthesis of 1,2,4-triazine derivatives via [4 + 2] domino annulation reactions in one pot. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra26638f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple and efficient [4 + 2] domino annulation reactions have been developed for the synthesis of 1,2,4-triazine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
| | - Ping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
| | - Xin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
| | - Ji-Hui Li
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering
- Hainan University
- Haikou
- China
| | - Sen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
| | - Bao-Hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
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44
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Hamama WS, El-Bana GG, Shaaban S, Habib OMO, Zoorob HH. Advances in the domain of 4-amino-3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazine-5-ones. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra26433b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes results from a literature survey concerning the synthesis and reactions of 4-amino-3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazine-5-ones reported by research groups from 1983 to mid. 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa S. Hamama
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Mansoura University
- Mansoura
- Egypt
| | - Ghada G. El-Bana
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Mansoura University
- Mansoura
- Egypt
| | - Saad Shaaban
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Mansoura University
- Mansoura
- Egypt
| | - O. M. O. Habib
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Mansoura University
- Mansoura
- Egypt
| | - Hanafi H. Zoorob
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Mansoura University
- Mansoura
- Egypt
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Synthesis and Preliminary Biological Evaluation of 1,3,5-Triazine Amino Acid Derivatives to Study Their MAO Inhibitors. Molecules 2015; 20:15976-88. [PMID: 26364629 PMCID: PMC6332092 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200915976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three series of 4,6-dimethoxy-, 4,6-dipiperidino- and 4,6-dimorpholino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl) amino acid derivatives were synthesized and characterized. A preliminary study for their monoamine oxidase inhibitory activity showed that compounds 7, 18, and 25 had MAO-A inhibition activity comparable to that of the standard clorgyline, with apparently more selective inhibitory activity toward MAO-A than MAO-B and no significant acute toxicity.
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Singla P, Luxami V, Paul K. Triazine-benzimidazole hybrids: anticancer activity, DNA interaction and dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:1691-700. [PMID: 25792141 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A new series of triazine-benzimidazole hybrids has been synthesized with different substitution of primary and secondary amines at one of the position of triazine in moderate to good yields. These compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activities over 60 human tumor cell lines at one dose and five dose concentrations. Compounds 6b, 8 and 9 showed broad spectrum of antitumor activities with GI50 values of 9.79, 2.58 and 3.81μM, respectively. DNA binding studies also indicated strong interaction properties of these compounds. These synthesized compounds also showed inhibition of mammalian dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). Compound 6b was depicted as the most active member of DHFR inhibitor with IC50 value of 1.05μM. Molecular modelling studies were used to identify the stabilized interactions of Compound 6b within the active site of enzyme for DHFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prinka Singla
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar University, Patiala 147001, India
| | - Vijay Luxami
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar University, Patiala 147001, India
| | - Kamaldeep Paul
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar University, Patiala 147001, India.
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Kumar D, Khan SI, Tekwani BL, Ponnan P, Rawat DS. 4-Aminoquinoline-Pyrimidine hybrids: Synthesis, antimalarial activity, heme binding and docking studies. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 89:490-502. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Revised: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kothayer H, Morelli M, Brahemi G, Elshanawani AA, Abu Kull ME, El-Sabbagh OI, Shekhar MP, Westwell AD. Optimised synthesis of diamino-triazinylmethyl benzoates as inhibitors of Rad6B ubiquitin conjugating enzyme. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.10.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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50
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Abstract
This review summarizes recent reports on s-triazine and its respective analogs from the medicinal chemistry angle. Due to its high reactivity and binding characteristic towards various enzymes, s-triazine has attracted attention. This is combined with facile synthesis and interesting pharmacology. The triazine class demonstrates wide biological applications - including antimicrobial, antituberculosis, anticancer, antiviral and antimalarial. In this article the library of s-triazine-based molecular designs has been collated with respective bioactivity. Compounds are further compared with other heterocyclic/nontriazine moieties to correlate the efficiency of privileged s-triazine. We hope this article may assist chemists in their drug design and discovery efforts.
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