1
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Ma XD, Ma FY, Jiao MM, Li JT, Duan XF. Modular and Regioselective Synthesis of Benzo-Fused Five-Membered Rings Enabled by Co/Ti Synergism. Org Lett 2024; 26:6658-6663. [PMID: 39083395 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
The regiocontrol in constructing benzo-fused five-membered rings by C-H cyclization remains an important challenge. We report a highly general and regioselective methodology to access such heterocycles and indenones, where under the catalysis of CoBr2/bipyridine, aryl titanates, alkynes and EX2 (E = NR, S(O), RP(O), R2Si, CO, etc.) were assembled to various heterocycles and indenones in a modular manner. Unprecedented 1,2-Co/Ti heterobimetallic arylene and benzotitanole intermediates have played crucial roles in these syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Di Ma
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Fang-Yuan Ma
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Miao-Miao Jiao
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jun-Ting Li
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xin-Fang Duan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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2
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Fatma S, Ahmad F, Pankhade YA, Ranga PK, Vijaya Anand R. A HMPA-H 2O mediated oxygenative carbocyclization of 2-alkynylphenyl-substituted p-quinone methides to indenones. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:5891-5896. [PMID: 38967237 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00966e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report a transition-metal and base-free protocol to access a wide range of functionalized indenone derivatives through a HMPA-H2O-mediated oxygenative annulation of 2-alkynylphenyl-substituted p-quinone methides. This method worked effectively for most of the p-QMs investigated and the corresponding indenone derivatives were obtained in moderate to good yields. This methodology was further extended to the formal synthesis of one of the resveratrol based natural products, (±)-isopaucifloral F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaheen Fatma
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, S. A. S. Nagar, Manauli (PO), Punjab - 140306, India.
| | - Feroz Ahmad
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, S. A. S. Nagar, Manauli (PO), Punjab - 140306, India.
| | - Yogesh A Pankhade
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, S. A. S. Nagar, Manauli (PO), Punjab - 140306, India.
| | - Pavit K Ranga
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, S. A. S. Nagar, Manauli (PO), Punjab - 140306, India.
| | - Ramasamy Vijaya Anand
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, S. A. S. Nagar, Manauli (PO), Punjab - 140306, India.
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3
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Hansjacob P, Schwoerer C, Leroux FR, Donnard M. Synthesis of 2-amidoindenone derivatives through an ynamide carbosilylation/Houben-Hoesch cyclization 2-step sequence. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 22:70-73. [PMID: 38050722 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01787g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report the efficient and selective two-step synthesis of various 3-silyl-2-amidoindenones from easily accessible ynamides. This sequence involves a regio- and stereo-selective silylcyanation followed by a Houben-Hoesch type cyclization. Thanks to post-transformations, various 3-substituted 2-amidoindenones could be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Hansjacob
- University of Strasbourg, University of Haute-Alsace, CNRS, UMR 7042-LIMA, ECPM, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Célia Schwoerer
- University of Strasbourg, University of Haute-Alsace, CNRS, UMR 7042-LIMA, ECPM, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Frédéric R Leroux
- University of Strasbourg, University of Haute-Alsace, CNRS, UMR 7042-LIMA, ECPM, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Morgan Donnard
- University of Strasbourg, University of Haute-Alsace, CNRS, UMR 7042-LIMA, ECPM, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
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4
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Xiong FT, He BH, Liu Y, Zhou Q, Fan JH. Iron-Promoted Oxidative Alkylation/Cyclization of Ynones with 4-Alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines: Access to 2-Alkylated Indenones. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8599-8610. [PMID: 35704791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An iron-promoted oxidative tandem alkylation/cyclization of ynones with 4-alkyl-substituted 1,4-dihydropyridines for the efficient synthesis of 2-alkylated indenones is described. The process occurs via oxidative homolysis of a C-C σ-bond in 1,4-dihydropyridines to generate an alkyl radical followed by the addition of C-C triple bonds in ynones and intramolecular cyclization. A wide range of alkyl radicals could be efficiently transferred to generate a series of synthetically useful 2-alkylated indenones with excellent selectivity under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Ting Xiong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Bin-Hong He
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Jian-Hong Fan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
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5
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Lombardi L, Cerveri A, Ceccon L, Pedrazzani R, Monari M, Bertuzzi G, Bandini M. Merging C-C σ-bond activation of cyclobutanones with CO 2 fixation via Ni-catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4071-4074. [PMID: 35262541 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00149g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A carboxylative Ni-catalyzed tandem C-C σ-bond activation of cyclobutanones followed by CO2-electrophilic trapping is documented as a direct route to synthetically valuable 3-indanone-1-acetic acids. The protocol shows an adequate functional group tolerance and useful chemical outcomes (yield up to 76%) when AlCl3 is adopted as an additive. Manipulations of the targeted cyclic scaffolds and a mechanistic proposal based on experimental evidence complete the investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Lombardi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna 40126, Italy. .,Center for Chemical Catalysis - C3, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cerveri
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna 40126, Italy.
| | - Leonardo Ceccon
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna 40126, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Pedrazzani
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna 40126, Italy. .,Center for Chemical Catalysis - C3, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Magda Monari
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna 40126, Italy. .,Center for Chemical Catalysis - C3, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Giulio Bertuzzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna 40126, Italy. .,Center for Chemical Catalysis - C3, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Marco Bandini
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna 40126, Italy. .,Center for Chemical Catalysis - C3, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna, 40126, Italy
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6
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Karunakar GV, Raju CE, Sreenivasulu G, Bharath Kumar P, Kadiyala V, Sridhar B. Cationic gold-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization of substituted 1,5-diynes to access indenone derivatives. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202101408. [PMID: 35243791 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202101408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
An efficient intramolecular cyclization reaction was developed to achive indenone derivatives. The substituted 1,5-diyenes were converted to the cooresponding indenones via gold-catalyzed organic transformation and moderate to excellent yields of the title molecules were obatined via formation of two C=O and one C-C bonds under mild reaction condtions in one-pot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galla V Karunakar
- CSIR-IICT, Crop Protection Chemicals Division, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, 500007, Hyderabad, INDIA
| | - Chittala Emmaniel Raju
- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology CSIR: Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Chemistry, INDIA
| | - Gottam Sreenivasulu
- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology CSIR: Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Chemistry, INDIA
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7
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Gunnam A, Balasubramani A, Mehta G. Recursive Anion-Triggered Tandem Reactions of ortho-Bis-ynones: Tunable Synthesis of 1-Indenones and Cyclopenta[ a]inden-8(2 H)-ones. J Org Chem 2022; 87:4376-4384. [PMID: 35226482 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Recursive anion-mediated activation of o-bis-ynones sets off a Michael addition-aldol reaction-dehydrative rearrangement cascade, leading to the one-pot synthesis of 1-indenones via orthogonal interplay between the two ortho-ynone moieties. Repeating the recursive anion engagement with the 1-indenones unfolded access to a functionally embellished cyclopenta[a]inden-8(2H)-one core and its spiroannulated analogues either directly or stepwise through tandem 1,6-Michael-type addition-6π electrocyclization and an in situ oxidation sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anilkumar Gunnam
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | | | - Goverdhan Mehta
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
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8
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Huang Y, Chen D, Zheng Y, Huang S. Synthesis of 3‐Sulfonyl Indenones via Copper‐Catalyzed Redox‐Neutral Coupling Reaction. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202104347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Dengfeng Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Shenlin Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
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9
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Li C, Huang H, Xiao F, Zhao B, Deng GJ. Rhodium(iii)-catalyzed successive C(sp2)–H and C(sp2)–C(sp2) bond activation of aryl oximes: synthetic and mechanistic studies. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01669e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A rhodium(iii)-catalyzed redox-neutral reaction of aryl oximes and internal alkynes to generate novel N-(2-cyanoaryl) indanone imines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Huawen Huang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Fuhong Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Guo-Jun Deng
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
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10
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Chen C, Zhao H, Pu Y, Tang L, Wang J, Shang Y. Palladium-catalysed alkenyl and carbonylative C-C bond activation of cyclobutanones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:12944-12947. [PMID: 34763348 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05286a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A palladium catalysed C-C bond activation of cyclobutanones for the construction of alkenyl and carbonylated indanones has been developed. The in situ generated σ-alkylpalladium intermediate VIA C-C bond cleavage of cyclobutanone could be trapped with N-tosylhydrazones and carbon monoxide, respectively. The reactions were carried out under mild conditions with excellent functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China.
| | - Haixia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China.
| | - Yue Pu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China.
| | - Lulu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China.
| | - Yongjia Shang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China.
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11
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Li L, Wang GW. Mechanochemical Solvent-Free Synthesis of Indenones from Aromatic Carboxylic Acids and Alkynes. J Org Chem 2021; 86:14102-14112. [PMID: 34403240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The mechanochemical solvent-free synthesis of indenones from aromatic carboxylic acids and alkynes was achieved through triflic anhydride (Tf2O)-induced cyclization reaction. A variety of indenones including a bioactive PPARγ agonist were obtained in up to 90% yield at room temperature. The present protocol has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, high reaction efficiency, and feasibility of scalable synthesis, providing a facile and sustainable route to diverse indenones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Guan-Wu Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
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12
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Fu Y, Zhao X, Chen D, Luo J, Huang S. Cu-catalyzed coupling of indanone oxime acetates with thiols to 2,3-difunctionalized indenones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:10719-10722. [PMID: 34581714 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04167c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A Cu-catalyzed coupling reaction of indanone oxime acetates with thiols has been developed for the synthesis of 2,3-functionalized 1-indenones. This protocol has several features including easy mild reaction conditions, stabilized enamine products, good tolerance of functional groups, and no external oxidants. This reaction enables direct derivatization on the indanone ring to provide valuable functionalized indenones at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Fu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xueyan Zhao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dengfeng Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinyue Luo
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shenlin Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Hu B, Cheng X, Hu Y, Liu X, Karaghiosoff K, Li J. Rhenium‐Catalyzed Arylation–Acyl Cyclization between Enol Lactones and Organomagnesium Halides: Facile Synthesis of Indenones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Binjing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Ren-Ai Road 199 215123 Suzhou P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Ren-Ai Road 199 215123 Suzhou P. R. China
| | - Ying Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Ren-Ai Road 199 215123 Suzhou P. R. China
| | - Xingchen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Ren-Ai Road 199 215123 Suzhou P. R. China
| | - Konstantin Karaghiosoff
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat München Butenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Ren-Ai Road 199 215123 Suzhou P. R. China
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14
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Hu B, Cheng X, Hu Y, Liu X, Karaghiosoff K, Li J. Rhenium-Catalyzed Arylation-Acyl Cyclization between Enol Lactones and Organomagnesium Halides: Facile Synthesis of Indenones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:15497-15502. [PMID: 33909317 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A set of rhenium-catalyzed arylation-acyl cyclizations between (hetero)arylmagnesium halides and enol lactones through a cascade C(sp2 )-C(sp2 )/C(sp2 )-C(sp2 ) bond formation under mild reaction conditions has been developed. Indeed, a wide range of functional groups on both organomagnesium halides and enol lactones is well tolerated by the simple rhenium catalysis, thus furnishing polyfunctionalized indenones in one-pot fashion and with complete control of the regioselectivity. Moreover, this approach also provides a straightforward synthetic route to neolignan and (iso)pauciflorol F. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that the reaction involves a sequence of syn-carborhenation and intramolecular nucleophilic addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binjing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Ren-Ai Road 199, 215123, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Ren-Ai Road 199, 215123, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ying Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Ren-Ai Road 199, 215123, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xingchen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Ren-Ai Road 199, 215123, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Konstantin Karaghiosoff
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Ren-Ai Road 199, 215123, Suzhou, P. R. China
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15
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Ochiai S, Sakai A, Usuki Y, Kang B, Shinada T, Satoh T. Synthesis of Indenones through Rhodium(III)-catalyzed [3+2] Annulation Utilizing a Recyclable Carbazolyl Leaving Group. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Ochiai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Asumi Sakai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshinosuke Usuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Bubwoong Kang
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Shinada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Satoh
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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16
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Geng F, Wang S, Song K, Hao W, Jiang B. Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Kharasch-Type Addition of 1,6-Enynes. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202106014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Liu F, Li Y, Wang X, Qiang Q, Yan Z, Zhang Y, Rong ZQ. Regioselective synthesis of indenones via nickel-catalyzed Larock annulations. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00487e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A highly effective approach for the synthesis of indenones via nickel-catalyzed Larock annulations of substituted 2-formylphenyl trifluoromethanesulfonate with alkynes has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feipeng Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE)
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME)
- Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU)
- Xi'an 710072
- P. R. China
| | - Yongjie Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE)
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME)
- Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU)
- Xi'an 710072
- P. R. China
| | - Xuchao Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE)
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME)
- Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU)
- Xi'an 710072
- P. R. China
| | - Qing Qiang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE)
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME)
- Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU)
- Xi'an 710072
- P. R. China
| | - Zijuan Yan
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE)
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME)
- Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU)
- Xi'an 710072
- P. R. China
| | - Yao Zhang
- College of Chemistry
- Liaoning University
- Shenyang
- P. R. China
| | - Zi-Qiang Rong
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE)
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME)
- Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU)
- Xi'an 710072
- P. R. China
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18
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Almeida CF, Teixeira N, Oliveira A, Augusto TV, Correia-da-Silva G, Ramos MJ, Fernandes PA, Amaral C. Discovery of a multi-target compound for estrogen receptor-positive (ER +) breast cancer: Involvement of aromatase and ERs. Biochimie 2020; 181:65-76. [PMID: 33278557 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite intense research, breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide, being estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) the most common subtype. Nowadays, aromatase inhibitors (AIs), the selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) tamoxifen and the selective estrogen receptor down-regulator (SERD) fulvestrant are used as therapeutic options for ER+ breast cancer, since they interfere directly with the production of estrogens and with the activation of estrogen-dependent signaling pathways. Despite the success of these treatments, the occurrence of resistance limits their clinical efficacy, demanding the development of novel therapies. Recently, multi-target compounds emerged as promising therapeutic strategies for ER+ breast cancer, as they can potentially modulate several important targets simultaneously. In line with this, in this work, the anti-cancer properties and multi-target action of 1,1-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenylbut-1-ene, tamoxifen bisphenol (1,1-BHPE), were evaluated in an ER+ breast cancer cell model (MCF-7aro cells). Molecular docking analysis predicted that 1,1-BHPE was able to bind to aromatase, ERα and ERβ. In vitro studies showed that, although it did not present anti-aromatase activity, 1,1-BHPE reduced aromatase protein levels and interfered with ERα and ERβ signaling pathways, acting as an ERα antagonist and inducing ERβ up-regulation. Through these mechanisms, 1,1-BHPE was able to impair breast cancer growth and induce apoptosis. This represents an important therapeutic advantage because the main players responsible for estrogen production and signaling are modulated by a single compound. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study describing the anti-cancer properties of 1,1-BHPE as a multi-target compound specific for ER+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ferreira Almeida
- UCIBIO.REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Natércia Teixeira
- UCIBIO.REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Oliveira
- LAQV.REQUIMTE, Computational Biochemistry Group, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago V Augusto
- UCIBIO.REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Georgina Correia-da-Silva
- UCIBIO.REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Ramos
- LAQV.REQUIMTE, Computational Biochemistry Group, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Alexandrino Fernandes
- LAQV.REQUIMTE, Computational Biochemistry Group, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Amaral
- UCIBIO.REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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19
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Wu Y, Zhang T, Hao W, Tu S, Jiang B. Metal‐Free Radical Annulation‐Hydrofunctionalization of 1,6‐Enynes for Stereoselective Synthesis of (
E
)‐1‐Indanones. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya‐Nan Wu
- School of Chemistry & Materials ScienceJiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNantong University Nantong 226019 P. R. China
| | - Tian‐Shu Zhang
- School of Chemistry & Materials ScienceJiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 P. R. China
| | - Wen‐Juan Hao
- School of Chemistry & Materials ScienceJiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 P. R. China
| | - Shu‐Jiang Tu
- School of Chemistry & Materials ScienceJiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 P. R. China
| | - Bo Jiang
- School of Chemistry & Materials ScienceJiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 P. R. China
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20
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Guo Z, Liu T, Liang X, Wu Y, Yao T. Cs
2
CO
3
Catalyzed Intramolecular Aminocarbonylation of Alkynes: Synthesis of 3‐Amino‐1
H
‐inden‐1‐ones from
N
‐
tert
‐Butyl‐2‐(1‐alkynyl)benzaldimines. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710021 People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710021 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiujuan Liang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710021 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Wu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710021 People's Republic of China
| | - Tuanli Yao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710021 People's Republic of China
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21
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Kashanna J, Aravind Kumar R, Kishore R. Palladium(ii)-catalyzed synthesis of indenones through the cyclization of benzenecarbaldehydes with internal alkynes. RSC Adv 2019; 9:31162-31168. [PMID: 35529398 PMCID: PMC9072296 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03921j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The palladium(ii)-catalyzed carbocyclization of benzenecarbaldehydes with internal alkynes to afford 2,3-disubstituted indenones was reported. The annulation reaction proceeded through the transmetalation of Pd(ii) with an aromatic aldehyde and the insertion of internal alkynes, followed by cyclization via the intramolecular nucleophilic addition of intermediate organopalladium(ii) species to the aldehyde group. This reaction proceeded in moderate to good yields with high regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jajula Kashanna
- Department of Chemistry, Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies Basar 504107 India
| | - Rathod Aravind Kumar
- Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007 India
| | - Ravada Kishore
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM (Deemed to be University) Visakhapatnam 530045 India
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22
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Claus V, Molinari L, Büllmann S, Thusek J, Rudolph M, Rominger F, Hashmi ASK. Gold‐Catalyzed Cyclisation by 1,4‐Dioxidation. Chemistry 2019; 25:9385-9389. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Claus
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Lise Molinari
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Simon Büllmann
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jean Thusek
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
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23
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Ghorai J, Anbarasan P. Developments in Cp*Co
III
‐Catalyzed C−H Bond Functionalizations. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Ghorai
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai – 600036
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24
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Yuan J, Liu C, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Yan D, Zhang W. Rhodium-catalyzed intramolecular hydroacylation of 1,2-disubstituted alkenes for the synthesis of 2-substituted indanones. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Su Y, Fang X, Zhou J, Bian Y, Yang X, Wu F. Facile synthesis of 2-fluoroindenones via a Knoevenagel condensation/palladium-catalyzed annulation. J Fluor Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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26
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Nigam R, Babu KR, Ghosh T, Kumari B, Akula D, Rath SN, Das P, Anindya R, Khan FA. Indenone derivatives as inhibitor of human DNA dealkylation repair enzyme AlkBH3. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:4100-4112. [PMID: 30041948 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian AlkB homologue-3 (AlkBH3) is a member of the dioxygenase family of enzymes that in humans is involved in DNA dealkylation repair. Because of its role in promoting tumor cell proliferation and metastasis of cancer, extensive efforts are being directed in developing selective inhibitors for AlkBH3. Here we report synthesis, screening and evaluation of panel of arylated indenone derivatives as new class of inhibitors of AlkBH3 DNA repair activity. An efficient synthesis of 2,3-diaryl indenones from 2,3-dibromo indenones was achieved via Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling. Using a robust quantitative assay, we have obtained an AlkBH3 inhibitor that display specific binding and competitive mode of inhibition against DNA substrate. Finally, we established that this compound could prevent the proliferation of lung cancer cell line and enhance sensitivity to DNA damaging alkylating agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Nigam
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502285, India
| | - Kaki Raveendra Babu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502285, India
| | - Topi Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502285, India
| | - Bhavini Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, Patna 801106, India
| | - Deepa Akula
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502285, India
| | - Subha Narayan Rath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502285, India
| | - Prolay Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, Patna 801106, India
| | - Roy Anindya
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502285, India.
| | - Faiz Ahmed Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502285, India.
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27
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Zhu XT, Zhang TS, Zhao Q, Cai PJ, Hao WJ, Tu SJ, Jiang B. Sulfinate-Salt-Mediated Radical Relay Cyclization of Cyclic Ethers with 2-Alkynylbenzonitriles toward 3-Alkylated 1-Indenones. Chem Asian J 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tong Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology; China University of Mining and Technology; Xuzhou 221116 P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry; Xuzhou Medical University; Xuzhou 221004 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science; Jiangsu Normal University; Xuzhou 221116 P. R. China
| | - Tian-Shu Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology; China University of Mining and Technology; Xuzhou 221116 P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science; Jiangsu Normal University; Xuzhou 221116 P. R. China
| | - Pei-Jun Cai
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology; China University of Mining and Technology; Xuzhou 221116 P. R. China
| | - Wen-Juan Hao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science; Jiangsu Normal University; Xuzhou 221116 P. R. China
| | - Shu-Jiang Tu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science; Jiangsu Normal University; Xuzhou 221116 P. R. China
| | - Bo Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science; Jiangsu Normal University; Xuzhou 221116 P. R. China
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28
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Zhou B, Chen W, Yang Y, Yang Y, Deng G, Liang Y. A radical cyclization cascade of 2-alkynylbenzonitriles with sodium arylsulfinates. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:7959-7963. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02288g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We report an efficient approach to synthesize sulfonated indenones via a radical cascade cyclization of 2-alkynylbenzonitriles with sodium arylsulfinates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang Zhou
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research
- Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province
- China
| | - Wenqi Chen
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research
- Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province
- China
| | - Yuzhong Yang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research
- Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province
- China
| | - Yuan Yang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research
- Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province
- China
| | - Guobo Deng
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research
- Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province
- China
| | - Yun Liang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research
- Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province
- China
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29
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Mahmoud NFH, Elsayed GA, Ismail MF. Synthesis of Various Fused Heterocyclic Rings from Oxoindenyl Esters and their Pharmacological and Antimicrobial Evaluations. J Heterocycl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naglaa F. H. Mahmoud
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Ain Shams University; Abbassia Cairo 11566 Egypt
| | - Galal A. Elsayed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Ain Shams University; Abbassia Cairo 11566 Egypt
| | - Mahmoud F. Ismail
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Ain Shams University; Abbassia Cairo 11566 Egypt
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30
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Lv N, Chen Z, Liu Y, Liu Z, Zhang Y. Synthesis of Functionalized Indenones via Rh-Catalyzed C–H Activation Cascade Reaction. Org Lett 2017; 19:2588-2591. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Lv
- Department
of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhengkai Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhanxiang Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yuhong Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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31
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Zhu XT, Zhao Q, Liu F, Wang AF, Cai PJ, Hao WJ, Tu SJ, Jiang B. Silver-mediated radical 5-exo-dig cyclization of 2-alkynylbenzonitriles: synthesis of phosphinylated 1-indenones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:6828-6831. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc01666b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new silver-mediated 5-exo-dig cyclization of 2-alkynylbenzonitriles with disubstituted phosphine oxide and H2O has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tong Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology
| | - Qi Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Ai-Fang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Pei-Jun Cai
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology
- China University of Mining and Technology
- Xuzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Wen-Juan Hao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Shu-Jiang Tu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Bo Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- P. R. China
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32
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Kashanna J, Nagaraju K, Kumara Swamy K. Palladium catalyzed carboannulation of nitrostyrenes with internal alkynes: a new synthetic strategy for cross coupling/C–H annulation and facile access to indenones. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.02.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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33
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Zhang J, Zhang X, Fan X. Synthesis of Indeno[1′,2′:4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-11-ones and Chromeno[4′,3′:4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-6-ones through Palladium-Catalyzed Cascade Reactions of 2-(2-Bromophenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines. J Org Chem 2016; 81:3206-13. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for
Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical
Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xinying Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for
Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical
Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xuesen Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for
Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical
Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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34
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Ueda M, Ueno T, Suyama Y, Ryu I. Synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted indenones by cobalt-catalyzed [3+2] annulation of o-methoxycarbonylphenylboronic acid with alkynes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:13237-13240. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08032d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of alkynes with o-methoxycarbonylphenylboronic acid in the presence of a cobalt catalyst resulted in the corresponding 2,3-disubstituted indenones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Ueda
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka Prefecture University
- Sakai
- Japan
| | - Tamami Ueno
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka Prefecture University
- Sakai
- Japan
| | - Yuki Suyama
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka Prefecture University
- Sakai
- Japan
| | - Ilhyong Ryu
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka Prefecture University
- Sakai
- Japan
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35
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Kong L, Yang X, Zhou X, Yu S, Li X. Cobalt(iii)-catalyzed efficient synthesis of indenones through carboannulation of benzoates and alkynes. Org Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qo00134c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cobalt(iii)-catalyzed C–H activation of simple benzoate esters has been achieved, and redox-neutral annulative coupling with internal alkynes allowed efficient synthesis of indenones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingheng Kong
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Dalian 116023
- China
| | - Xifa Yang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Dalian 116023
- China
| | - Xukai Zhou
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Dalian 116023
- China
| | - Songjie Yu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Dalian 116023
- China
| | - Xingwei Li
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Dalian 116023
- China
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36
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Aggarwal K, Khurana JM. Indeno–furan based colorimetric and on–off fluorescent pH sensors. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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37
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Raveendra Babu K, Ahmed Khan F. A domino reaction of tetrahalo-7,7-dimethoxybicyclo[2.2.1]heptenyl alcohols leading to indenones and a de novo synthesis of ninhydrin derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:299-308. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01977f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An acid mediated synthesis of indenones and a de novo synthesis of ninhydrin derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaki Raveendra Babu
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad
- Yeddumailaram-502205
- India
| | - Faiz Ahmed Khan
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad
- Yeddumailaram-502205
- India
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Feng J, Lu G, Lv M, Cai C. Palladium-Catalyzed Annulation of Alkynes with Ortho-Halide-Containing Benzyl Alcohols in Aqueous Medium. J Org Chem 2014; 79:10561-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo501444g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Feng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Guoping Lu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Meifang Lv
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Chun Cai
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
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39
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Rao ML, Dhanorkar RJ. Combined catalysis: Pd-catalyzed two-step one-pot protocol for 2,3-diaryl-1-indenones involving domino synthesis of diarylacetylenes and Heck–Larock annulations. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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40
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Ng HW, Perkins R, Tong W, Hong H. Versatility or promiscuity: the estrogen receptors, control of ligand selectivity and an update on subtype selective ligands. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:8709-42. [PMID: 25162709 PMCID: PMC4198987 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110908709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The estrogen receptors (ERs) are a group of versatile receptors. They regulate an enormity of processes starting in early life and continuing through sexual reproduction, development, and end of life. This review provides a background and structural perspective for the ERs as part of the nuclear receptor superfamily and discusses the ER versatility and promiscuity. The wide repertoire of ER actions is mediated mostly through ligand-activated transcription factors and many DNA response elements in most tissues and organs. Their versatility, however, comes with the drawback of promiscuous interactions with structurally diverse exogenous chemicals with potential for a wide range of adverse health outcomes. Even when interacting with endogenous hormones, ER actions can have adverse effects in disease progression. Finally, how nature controls ER specificity and how the subtle differences in receptor subtypes are exploited in pharmaceutical design to achieve binding specificity and subtype selectivity for desired biological response are discussed. The intent of this review is to complement the large body of literature with emphasis on most recent developments in selective ER ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wen Ng
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - Roger Perkins
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - Weida Tong
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - Huixiao Hong
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
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Qi Z, Wang M, Li X. Access to Indenones by Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed C–H Annulation of Arylnitrones with Internal Alkynes. Org Lett 2013; 15:5440-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol4025309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zisong Qi
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China, and State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China, and State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xingwei Li
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China, and State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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42
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Nösel P, dos Santos Comprido LN, Lauterbach T, Rudolph M, Rominger F, Hashmi ASK. 1,6-Carbene transfer: gold-catalyzed oxidative diyne cyclizations. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:15662-6. [PMID: 24050384 DOI: 10.1021/ja4085385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In the presence of a gold catalyst an unprecedented oxidative cyclization of diynes takes place. The reaction cascade is initiated by an oxygen transfer from a N-oxide onto a gold-activated alkyne. The formed α-oxo carbene is transferred across the second alkyne yielding a stabilized vinyl carbene/cation. Alkyl migration or sp(3)-CH insertion then terminates the catalytic cycle by formation of highly substituted functionalized indenones. A 1,6-carbene shift could be supported by the oxidation of the vinyl carbene. This protocol represents an attractive alternative to procedures which are based on the metal-catalyzed decomposition of hazardous, not easily accessible, diazo compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Nösel
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69221 Heidelberg, Germany
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Chen X, He Q, Xie Y, Yang C. Palladium(ii)-catalyzed synthesis of functionalized indenones via oxidation and cyclization of 2-(2-arylethynylphenyl)acetonitriles. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:2582-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40103k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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44
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Khera RA, Hussain M, Hung NT, Eleya N, Feist H, Villinger A, Langer P. Regioselective Arylation and Alkynylation of 2,3-Dibromo-1H-inden-1-one by SuzukiMiyaura and Sonogashira Cross-Coupling Reactions. Helv Chim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201100315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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45
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Yuan P, Liang K, Ma B, Zheng N, Nussinov R, Huang J. Multiple-targeting and conformational selection in the estrogen receptor: computation and experiment. Chem Biol Drug Des 2011; 78:137-49. [PMID: 21443691 PMCID: PMC3115459 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2011.01119.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Conformational selection is a primary mechanism in biomolecular recognition. The conformational ensemble may determine the ability of a drug to compete with a native ligand for a receptor target. Traditional docking procedures which use one or few protein structures are limited and may not be able to represent a complex competition among closely related protein receptors in agonist and antagonist ensembles. Here, we test a protocol aimed at selecting a drug candidate based on its ability to synergistically bind to distinct conformational states. We demonstrate, for the case of estrogen receptor α (ERα) and estrogen receptor β (ERβ), that the functional outcome of ligand binding can be inferred from its ability to simultaneously bind both ERα and ERβ in agonist and antagonist conformations as calculated docking scores. Combining a conformational selection method with an experimental reporter gene system in yeast, we propose that several phytoestrogens can be novel estrogen receptor β selective agonists. Our work proposes a computational protocol to select estrogen receptor subtype selective agonists. Compared with other models, present method gives the best prediction in ligands' function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Kaiwei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Buyong Ma
- Center for Cancer Research Nanobiology Program, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702,USA
| | - Nan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Center for Cancer Research Nanobiology Program, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702,USA
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Sackler Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Jian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
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Zinad DS, Hussain M, Villinger A, Langer P. Site-Selective Synthesis of Arylated Indenones by Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reactions of 2,3,5-Tribromoinden-1-one. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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48
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Mohler ML, Narayanan R, Coss CC, Hu K, He Y, Wu Z, Hong SS, Hwang DJ, Miller DD, Dalton JT. Estrogen receptor beta selective nonsteroidal estrogens: seeking clinical indications. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2010; 20:507-34. [PMID: 20302450 DOI: 10.1517/13543771003657164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Nonsteroidal estrogens have been known since the 1930s. However, the relatively recent (1996) discovery of estrogen receptor subtype beta (ERbeta) suggested a possible paradigm shift away from SERM-like selectivity. Selective ERbeta agonism would potentially allow expansion of estrogenic targeting into new indications (discussed herein) currently precluded by the thrombogenic and hyperproliferative effects of nonselective estrogens. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW ERbeta agonist design has been very successful. Pharmacophores for ERbeta selective nonsteroidal estrogens are generally diphenolic compounds that achieve an inter-phenolic distance and geometry similar to 17beta-estradiol with few restraints on the nature of the element linking the phenols (or phenol mimetics). The tremendously chemodiverse ERbeta agonist patent literature is reviewed, segregating the agonists into structurally similar compounds based on their interphenolic linking elements. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN A comprehensive understanding of the chemotype landscape of this field and an assessment of its maturation. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Subtype selective ERbeta agonist therapy seems very promising. However, more clinical testing is needed to firmly establish its therapeutic potential. At this point, ERbeta is a promising target in search of an indication.
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LXXLL peptide mimetics as inhibitors of the interaction of vitamin D receptor with coactivators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:1712-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.01.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Revised: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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50
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Minutolo F, Macchia M, Katzenellenbogen BS, Katzenellenbogen JA. Estrogen receptor β ligands: Recent advances and biomedical applications. Med Res Rev 2009; 31:364-442. [DOI: 10.1002/med.20186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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