5
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Tang W, Stearns RA, Wang RW, Miller RR, Chen Q, Ngui J, Bakshi RK, Nargund RP, Dean DC, Baillie TA. Assessing and minimizing time-dependent inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A in drug discovery: A case study with melanocortin-4 receptor agonists. Xenobiotica 2008; 38:1437-51. [DOI: 10.1080/00498250802464685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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6
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Tian X, Switzer AG, Derose SA, Mishra RK, Solinsky MG, Mumin RN, Ebetino FH, Jayasinghe LR, Webster ME, Colson AO, Crossdoersen D, Pinney BB, Farmer JA, Dowty ME, Obringer CM, Cruze CA, Burklow ML, Suchanek PM, Dong L, Dirr MK, Sheldon RJ, Wos JA. Discovery of Orally Bioavailable 1,3,4-Trisubstituted 2-Oxopiperazine-Based Melanocortin-4 Receptor Agonists as Potential Antiobesity Agents. J Med Chem 2008; 51:6055-66. [DOI: 10.1021/jm800525p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinrong Tian
- Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Global Business & New Technology Development, 8700 Mason Montgomery Road, Mason, Ohio 45040
| | - Adrian G. Switzer
- Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Global Business & New Technology Development, 8700 Mason Montgomery Road, Mason, Ohio 45040
| | - Steve A. Derose
- Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Global Business & New Technology Development, 8700 Mason Montgomery Road, Mason, Ohio 45040
| | - Rajesh K. Mishra
- Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Global Business & New Technology Development, 8700 Mason Montgomery Road, Mason, Ohio 45040
| | - Mark G. Solinsky
- Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Global Business & New Technology Development, 8700 Mason Montgomery Road, Mason, Ohio 45040
| | - Rashid N. Mumin
- Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Global Business & New Technology Development, 8700 Mason Montgomery Road, Mason, Ohio 45040
| | - Frank H. Ebetino
- Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Global Business & New Technology Development, 8700 Mason Montgomery Road, Mason, Ohio 45040
| | - Lalith R. Jayasinghe
- Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Global Business & New Technology Development, 8700 Mason Montgomery Road, Mason, Ohio 45040
| | - Mark E. Webster
- Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Global Business & New Technology Development, 8700 Mason Montgomery Road, Mason, Ohio 45040
| | - Anny-Odile Colson
- Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Global Business & New Technology Development, 8700 Mason Montgomery Road, Mason, Ohio 45040
| | - Doreen Crossdoersen
- Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Global Business & New Technology Development, 8700 Mason Montgomery Road, Mason, Ohio 45040
| | - Beth B. Pinney
- Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Global Business & New Technology Development, 8700 Mason Montgomery Road, Mason, Ohio 45040
| | - Julie A. Farmer
- Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Global Business & New Technology Development, 8700 Mason Montgomery Road, Mason, Ohio 45040
| | - Martin E. Dowty
- Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Global Business & New Technology Development, 8700 Mason Montgomery Road, Mason, Ohio 45040
| | - Cindy M. Obringer
- Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Global Business & New Technology Development, 8700 Mason Montgomery Road, Mason, Ohio 45040
| | - Charles A. Cruze
- Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Global Business & New Technology Development, 8700 Mason Montgomery Road, Mason, Ohio 45040
| | - Melissa L. Burklow
- Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Global Business & New Technology Development, 8700 Mason Montgomery Road, Mason, Ohio 45040
| | - Paula M. Suchanek
- Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Global Business & New Technology Development, 8700 Mason Montgomery Road, Mason, Ohio 45040
| | - Lily Dong
- Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Global Business & New Technology Development, 8700 Mason Montgomery Road, Mason, Ohio 45040
| | - Mary Kay Dirr
- Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Global Business & New Technology Development, 8700 Mason Montgomery Road, Mason, Ohio 45040
| | - Russell J. Sheldon
- Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Global Business & New Technology Development, 8700 Mason Montgomery Road, Mason, Ohio 45040
| | - John A. Wos
- Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Global Business & New Technology Development, 8700 Mason Montgomery Road, Mason, Ohio 45040
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7
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Targeting melanocortin receptors: an approach to treat weight disorders and sexual dysfunction. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2008; 7:307-23. [PMID: 18323849 DOI: 10.1038/nrd2331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The melanocortin system has multifaceted roles in the control of body weight homeostasis, sexual behaviour and autonomic functions, and so targeting this pathway has immense promise for drug discovery across multiple therapeutic areas. In this Review, we first outline the physiological roles of the melanocortin system, then discuss the potential of targeting melanocortin receptors by using MC3 and MC4 agonists for treating weight disorders and sexual dysfunction, and MC4 antagonists to treat anorectic and cachectic conditions. Given the complexity of the melanocortin system, we also highlight the challenges and opportunities for future drug discovery in this area.
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8
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Jiang W, Tucci FC, Tran JA, Fleck BA, Wen J, Markison S, Marinkovic D, Chen CW, Arellano M, Hoare SR, Johns M, Foster AC, Saunders J, Chen C. Pyrrolidinones as potent functional antagonists of the human melanocortin-4 receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:5610-3. [PMID: 17822895 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.07.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2007] [Revised: 07/26/2007] [Accepted: 07/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of pyrrolidinones derived from phenylalaninepiperazines were synthesized and characterized as potent and selective antagonists of the melanocortin-4 receptor. In addition to their high binding affinities, these compounds displayed high functional potencies. 12a had a K(i) of 0.94 nM in binding and IC(50) of 21 nM in functional activity. 12a also demonstrated efficacy in a mouse cachexia model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlong Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, CA 92130, USA
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10
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Lapinsh M, Prusis P, Petrovska R, Uhlén S, Mutule I, Veiksina S, Wikberg JES. Proteochemometric modeling reveals the interaction site for Trp9 modified α-MSH peptides in melanocortin receptors. Proteins 2007; 67:653-60. [PMID: 17357163 DOI: 10.1002/prot.21323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The interactions of alpha-MSH peptides with melanocortin receptors (MCRs) were located by proteochemometric modeling. Nine alpha-MSH peptide analogues were constructed by exchanging the Trp9 residue in the alpha-MSH core with the natural or artificial amino acids Arg, Asp, Cys, Gly, Leu, Nal, d-Nal, Pro, or d-Trp. The nine peptides created, and alpha-MSH itself, were evaluated for their interactions with the 4 wild-type MC(1,3-5)Rs and 15 multichimeric MCRs, each of the latter being constructed from three sequence segments, each taken from a different wild-type MC(1,3-5)R. The segments of the chimeric MCRs were selected according to the principles of statistical molecular design and were arranged so as to divide the receptors into five parts. By this approach, a set of 19 maximally diverse MC receptor proteins was obtained for which the interaction activity with the 10 peptides were measured by radioligand binding thus creating data for 190 ligand-protein pairs, which were subsequently analyzed by use of proteochemometric modeling. In proteochemometrics, the structural or physicochemical properties of both interaction partners, which represent the complementarity of the interacting entities, are used to create multivariate mathematical descriptions. (Here, physicochemical property descriptors of the receptors' and peptides' amino acids were used). A valid, highly predictive (Q2 = 0.74) and easily interpretable model was then obtained. The model was further validated by its ability to correctly predicting the affinity of alpha-MSH for new point and cassette-mutated MC4/MC1Rs, and it was then used to identify the receptor residues that are important for affording the high affinity and selectivity of alpha-MSH for the MC1R. It was revealed that these residues are located in several quite distant parts of the receptors' transmembrane cavity and must therefore cause their influence at various stages of the dynamic ligand-binding process, such as by affecting the conformation of the ligand at the vicinity of the receptor and taking part in the path of the ligand's entry into its binding pocket. Our study can be used as a template how to create high resolution proteochemometric models when there are a limited number of natural proteins and ligands available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maris Lapinsh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
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12
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Grosse J, Tarnow P, Römpler H, Schneider B, Sedlmeier R, Huffstadt U, Korthaus D, Nehls M, Wattler S, Schöneberg T, Biebermann H, Augustin M. N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-based generation of mouse models for mutant G protein-coupled receptors. Physiol Genomics 2006; 26:209-17. [PMID: 16720677 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00289.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical random mutagenesis techniques with the germ line supermutagen N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) have been established to provide comprehensive collections of mouse models, which were then mined and analyzed in phenotype-driven studies. Here, we applied ENU mutagenesis in a high-throughput fashion for a gene-driven identification of new mutations. Selected members of the large superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), melanocortin type 3 (Mc3r) and type 4 (Mc4r) receptors, and the orphan chemoattractant receptor GPR33, were used as model targets to prove the feasibility of this approach. Parallel archives of DNA and sperm from mice mutagenized with ENU were screened for mutations in these GPCR, and in vitro assays served as a preselection step before in vitro fertilization was performed to generate the appropriate mouse model. For example, mouse models for inherited obesity were established by selecting fully or partially inactivating mutations in Mc4r. Our technology described herein has the potential to provide mouse models for a GPCR dysfunction of choice within <4 mo and can be extended to other gene classes of interest.
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MESH Headings
- Alkylating Agents/toxicity
- Animals
- COS Cells
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- DNA Mutational Analysis/methods
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Ethylnitrosourea/toxicity
- Female
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Mutagenesis/drug effects
- Mutation/genetics
- Phylogeny
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 3/genetics
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 3/physiology
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/genetics
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/physiology
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/physiology
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Transfection
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13
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Bakshi RK, Hong Q, Tang R, Kalyani RN, Macneil T, Weinberg DH, Van der Ploeg LHT, Patchett AA, Nargund RP. Optimization of a privileged structure leading to potent and selective human melanocortin subtype-4 receptor ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 16:1130-3. [PMID: 16364639 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.11.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2005] [Revised: 11/25/2005] [Accepted: 11/28/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Design and synthesis of potent MC4 selective agonists based on cyclohexylpiperidine derived cyclic urea, oxazolidinones, and sulfonamide based privileged structures are disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman K Bakshi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065-0900, USA.
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