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Zhang L, Tong Y, Fang Y, Pei J, Wang Q, Li G. Exploring the hypolipidemic effects of bergenin from Saxifraga melanocentra Franch: mechanistic insights and potential for hyperlipidemia treatment. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:203. [PMID: 38001454 PMCID: PMC10668478 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01973-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to explore the hypolipidemic effects of bergenin extracted from Saxifraga melanocentra Franch (S. melanocentra), which is a frequently utilized Tibetan medicinal plant known for its diverse bioactivities. Establishing a quality control system for black stem saxifrage is crucial to ensure the rational utilization of its medicinal resources. METHODS A one-step polyamide medium-pressure liquid chromatography technique was applied to isolate and prepare bergenin from a methanol extract of S. melanocentra. A zebrafish model of hyperlipidemia was used to investigate the potential hypolipidemic effects of bergenin. RESULTS The results revealed that bergenin exhibited substantial hypo efficacy in vivo. Specifically, bergenin significantly reduced the levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) while simultaneously increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) levels. At the molecular level, bergenin exerted its effects by inhibiting the expression of FASN, SREBF1, HMGCRα, RORα, LDLRα, IL-1β, and TNF while promoting the expression of IL-4 at the transcriptional level. Molecular docking analysis further demonstrated the strong binding affinity of bergenin to proteins such as FASN, SREBF1, HMGCRα, RORα, LDLRα, IL-4, IL-1β, and TNF. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that bergenin modulates lipid metabolism by regulating lipid and cholesterol synthesis as well as inflammatory responses through signaling pathways associated with FASN, SREBF1, and RORα. These results position bergenin as a potential candidate for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810001, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Tong
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810001, P. R. China
- Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P. R. China
| | - Yan Fang
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810001, P. R. China
- Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P. R. China
| | - Jinjin Pei
- Qinba State Key Laboratory of biological resources and ecological environment, Province Key Laboratory of Bioresources, College of Bioscience and bioengineering, QinLing-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C. I. C, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723001, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qilan Wang
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810001, P. R. China.
| | - Gang Li
- Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P. R. China.
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Dang J, Ma J, Du Y, Dawa Y, Wang Q, Chen C, Wang Q, Tao Y, Ji T. Large-scale preparative isolation of bergenin standard substance from Saxifraga atrata using polyamide coupled with MCI GEL® CHP20P as stationary phases in medium pressure chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1170:122617. [PMID: 33713947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, polyamide and MCI GEL® CHP20P were employed as stationary phases in medium pressure chromatography (MPC) for the efficient preparative separation of bergenin from Saxifraga atrata. Ethanol-water, methanol-water, and acetonitrile-water mobile phases all showed good enrichment capacity for bergenin fraction when polyamide was used as a stationary phase. After 5 cycles of polyamide MPC using acetonitrile/water, 1.2 g of bergenin fraction was isolated from 180 g Saxifraga atrata herb. Further purification of this fraction was conducted using MCI GEL® CHP20P styrene-divinylbenzene beads. The bergenin fraction was separated into two fractions, and after three runs of MPC, 714.2 mg of bergenin with purity above 99% was obtained. The results demonstrate that the combination of polyamide and styrene-divinylbenzene MPC can be utilized for preparative isolation of compounds from natural products with high yield and purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Dang
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, Qinghai, China
| | - Jianbin Ma
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibet Plateau Biodiversity Formation Mechanism and Comprehensive Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China
| | - Yurong Du
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibet Plateau Biodiversity Formation Mechanism and Comprehensive Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China
| | - YangZom Dawa
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibet Plateau Biodiversity Formation Mechanism and Comprehensive Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining 810007, Qinghai, China
| | - Chengbiao Chen
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibet Plateau Biodiversity Formation Mechanism and Comprehensive Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China
| | - Qilan Wang
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, Qinghai, China
| | - Yanduo Tao
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, Qinghai, China.
| | - Tengfei Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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Qi Q, Dong Z, Sun Y, Li S, Zhao Z. Protective Effect of Bergenin against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression by Immunomodulatory Effect and Antioxidation in Balb/c Mice. Molecules 2018; 23:E2668. [PMID: 30336565 PMCID: PMC6222609 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the aim was to investigate the effect of bergenin on immune function and antioxidation in cyclophosphamide (Cy)-induced immunosuppressed mice. Firstly, we estimated its effect on immune organs. Histological analysis and indexes of immune organs showed that cyclophosphamide exhibited spleen and thymus injury compared with the normal control, which was alleviated by bergenin. Secondly, bergenin also enhanced the humoral immune function through increasing the level of IgM and IgG in serum. Thirdly, bergenin also enhanced the cellular immune function. The results indicate that bergenin increased peritoneal macrophage functions, the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes, NK and CTL cell activities, and T (CD4⁺ and CD8⁺) lymphocyte subsets. Besides, bergenin also had the ability to modulate the Th1/Th2 balance. Moreover, bergenin prevented the Cy-induced decrease in numbers of peripheral RBC, WBC and platelets, providing supportive evidence for their anti-leukopenia activities. Finally, bergenin also reversed the Cy-induced decrease in the total antioxidant capacity including activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). In conclusion, bergenin protected against Cy-induced adverse reactions by enhancing humoral and cellular immune functions and augmenting antioxidative activity and could be considered as a potential immunomodulatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuchen Qi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhonghua Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Yueyue Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Siying Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Zhongxi Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Jujube Food and Drug, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mucosal and Transdermal Drug Delivery Technologies, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 989 Xinluo Street, Jinan 250101, Shandong, China.
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Phenylacetylene-bearing 3,4-seco-cleistanthane diterpenoids from the roots of Phyllanthus glaucus. Fitoterapia 2018; 128:79-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Liang C, Pei S, Ju W, Jia M, Tian D, Tang Y, Mao G. Synthesis and in vitro and in vivo antitumour activity study of 11-hydroxyl esterified bergenin/cinnamic acid hybrids. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 133:319-328. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hori K, Wada M, Yahara S, Watanabe T, Devkota HP. Antioxidant phenolic compounds from the rhizomes of Astilbe rivularis. Nat Prod Res 2017; 32:453-456. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1309536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Hori
- School of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mikiyo Wada
- School of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shoji Yahara
- School of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- School of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Program for Leading Graduate Schools, Health Life Science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented (HIGO) Program, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Bajracharya GB. Diversity, pharmacology and synthesis of bergenin and its derivatives: potential materials for therapeutic usages. Fitoterapia 2015; 101:133-52. [PMID: 25596093 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bergenin, a natural secondary metabolite, has been isolated from different parts of a number of plants. It is one of active ingredients in herbal and Ayurvedic formulations. It exhibits antiviral, antifungal, antitussive, antiplasmodial, antiinflammatory, antihepatotoxic, antiarrhythmic, antitumor, antiulcerogenic, antidiabetic and wound healing properties. It has been analyzed and estimated in different plant extracts, blood and drug samples using chromatographic techniques, and pharmacokinetic studies have been made. Several bergenin derivatives were isolated and/or synthesized and were found to possess pharmacological activities. Total synthesis of bergenin and its derivatives were reported. This review article covers literature on bergenin and its derivatives until 2013. Ethnomedicinal value of bergenin containing plant materials is also highlighted. This comprehensive review provides information on the potentiality of bergenin and its derivatives for therapeutic usages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan B Bajracharya
- Faculty of Science, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST), Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal.
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Zhang J, Nishimoto Y, Tokuda H, Suzuki N, Yasukawa K, Kitdamrongtham W, Akazawa H, Manosroi A, Manosroi J, Akihisa T. Cancer chemopreventive effect of bergenin from Peltophorum pterocarpum wood. Chem Biodivers 2014; 10:1866-75. [PMID: 24130029 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201300182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The aqueous extract of Peltophorum pterocarpum (Fabaceae) wood exhibited potent inhibitory effects against EpsteinBarr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in Raji cells and against melanogenesis in α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-stimulated B16 melanoma cells, as well as potent 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical-scavenging activity. Two phenolic acid derivatives, bergenin (1) and gallic acid (2), were isolated from the ethyl acetate (AcOEt)-soluble fraction obtained from the extract. Compound 1 exhibited potent inhibitory effect against EBV-EA activation and against skin tumor promotion in an in vivo two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis test based on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) as initiator, and with TPA as promoter. Both compounds 1 and 2 exhibited melanogenesis-inhibitory activities in α-MSH-stimulated B16 melanoma cells, and, in addition, compound 2 showed strong DPPH radical-scavenging activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8-14 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan
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Likhitwitayawuid K, Luangruangrong K, Sritularak B, Lipipun V. New Gallic Acid Glycosides from Mallotus plicatus. HETEROCYCLES 2014. [DOI: 10.3987/com-14-12969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Mukherjee H, Ojha D, Bharitkar YP, Ghosh S, Mondal S, Kaity S, Dutta S, Samanta A, Chatterjee TK, Chakrabarti S, Mondal NB, Chattopadhyay D. Evaluation of the wound healing activity of Shorea robusta, an Indian ethnomedicine, and its isolated constituent(s) in topical formulation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 149:335-343. [PMID: 23838474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Different parts of Indian ethnomedicinal plant Shorea robusta is traditionally used for several ailments including wounds and burn by different tribal groups, since ages. Here we have validated, for the first time, the effectiveness and the possible mechanism of action of young leaf extracts of Shorea robusta, used by two distinct tribes of India, and its isolated compounds as a topical formulation in three wound models in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bioactivity-guided study of the active extract resulted in the isolation of two known compounds. The prepared ointment containing extracts (2.5 and 5%, w/w), fractions (5% w/w) and isolated compounds (0.25% w/w) were evaluated on excision, incision and dead space wound models in rats by the rate of wound closure, period of epithelialisation, tensile strength, granulation tissue weight, hydroxyproline content and histopathology. RESULTS The animals treated with the extracts and fractions (5%) showed significant reduction in wound area 96.55 and 96.41% with faster epithelialisation (17.50 and 17.86), while the isolated compounds bergenin and ursolic acid heal the wound faster, but complete epithelialisation with 100% wound contraction was evident with 5% povidone-iodine group on 18th post-wounding day. Moreover, the tensile strength of incision wound, granuloma tissue weight, and hydroxyproline content was significantly increased in both the extract and compound(s) treated animals. Furthermore, the tissue histology of animals treated with the isolated compound(s) showed complete epithelialisation with increased collagenation, similar to povidone-iodine group. CONCLUSION Thus, our results validated the traditional use of Shorea robusta young leaves in wound management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemanta Mukherjee
- ICMR Virus Unit, ID & BG Hospital, GB-4, First Floor, 57 Dr Suresh C Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata-700010, West Bengal, India
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Anti-oxidative and anti-proliferative activity on human prostate cancer cells lines of the phenolic compounds from Corylopsis coreana Uyeki. Molecules 2013; 18:4876-86. [PMID: 23615534 PMCID: PMC6270069 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18054876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 04/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fifteen phenolic compounds, including three caffeoyl derivatives, four gallotannins, three ellagitannins and five flavonoids, were isolated from an 80% MeOH extract of the leaves of Corylopsis coreana Uyeki (Korean winter hazel; CL). The anti-oxidative activities [1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and xanthine oxidase superoxide scavenging activities (NBT)] and the anti-proliferative activity on human prostate cancer cell lines (DU145 and LNCaP) were also evaluated.
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of bergenin analogues as mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors. Arch Pharm Res 2012; 35:1533-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-012-0903-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kashima Y, Yamaki H, Suzuki T, Miyazawa M. Structure-activity relationships of bergenin derivatives effect on α-glucosidase inhibition. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2012; 28:1162-70. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2012.719503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yusei Kashima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University,
Kowakae, Higashiosaka-shi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Yamaki
- Koei Kogyo Co., Ltd.,
Kanda-Awajicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Suzuki
- Koei Kogyo Co., Ltd.,
Kanda-Awajicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Miyazawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University,
Kowakae, Higashiosaka-shi, Osaka, Japan
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Patel DK, Patel K, Kumar R, Gadewar M, Tahilyani V. Pharmacological and analytical aspects of bergenin: a concise report. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(12)60037-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Zhao J, Zeng LH, Li X, Dong XP, Yan YM, Cheng YX. Brachystemols A-C, three new furan derivatives from Brachystemma calycinum. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2011; 13:915-919. [PMID: 21972806 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2011.600250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Three new furan derivatives, brachystemols A-C (1-3), and 13 known compounds (4-15) were isolated from the EtOH extract of Brachystemma calycinum. Their structures were identified by means of spectroscopic methods. Compounds 4-13 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
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Singh U, Barik A, Priyadarsini KI. Reactions of hydroxyl radical with bergenin, a natural poly phenol studied by pulse radiolysis. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:6008-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 06/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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De Abreu HA, Aparecida Dos S Lago I, Souza GP, Piló-Veloso D, Duarte HA, de C Alcântara AF. Antioxidant activity of (+)-bergenin: a phytoconstituent isolated from the bark of Sacoglottis uchi Huber (Humireaceae). Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:2713-8. [PMID: 18633529 DOI: 10.1039/b804385j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
(+)-Bergenin (1) was isolated from Sacoglottis uchi, a species of vegetable found in the Amazon region and popularly used for the treatment of several hepatic problems. The structure of 1 was fully characterized using IR, GC-MS and NMR (1D and 2D) analyses. This phytoconstituent has been used as an oriental folk medicine for the treatment of many diseases and shows antihepatotoxic properties. Tests with beta-carotene, DPPH and a heterogeneous Fenton system were carried out, confirming the antioxidant activity of 1. Theoretical calculations were performed to investigate the formation of the radical derivatives of 1 using *H, *OH, *CH(3), and *CCl(3) as initiator radicals. DFT thermodynamic calculations showed that the methoxyl group (O-6-CH(3)) is the most favorable site for radical attack. Frontier molecular orbital analysis showed that nucleophilic radical attack is favored on the aromatic ring of 1 where the LUMO is localized, with antibonding character with respect to the O-6-CH(3) bond. The possibilities of attack at other sites on 1 were investigated in detail in order to understand the regiospecificity of this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heitor A De Abreu
- Departamento de Química, ICEx-Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Wang D, Xu M, Zhu HT, Chen KK, Zhang YJ, Yang CR. Biotransformation of gentiopicroside by asexual mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:3195-7. [PMID: 17400449 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2006] [Revised: 03/05/2007] [Accepted: 03/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The biotransformation of gentiopicroside by asexual mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis yielded two products, one of which was proved to be a new pyridine monoterpene alkaloid. The possible mechanisms were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
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