1
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Schaduangrat N, Malik AA, Nantasenamat C. ERpred: a web server for the prediction of subtype-specific estrogen receptor antagonists. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11716. [PMID: 34285834 PMCID: PMC8274494 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptors alpha and beta (ERα and ERβ) are responsible for breast cancer metastasis through their involvement of clinical outcomes. Estradiol and hormone replacement therapy targets both ERs, but this often leads to an increased risk of breast and endometrial cancers as well as thromboembolism. A major challenge is posed for the development of compounds possessing ER subtype specificity. Herein, we present a large-scale classification structure-activity relationship (CSAR) study of inhibitors from the ChEMBL database which consisted of an initial set of 11,618 compounds for ERα and 7,810 compounds for ERβ. The IC50 was selected as the bioactivity unit for further investigation and after the data curation process, this led to a final data set of 1,593 and 1,281 compounds for ERα and ERβ, respectively. We employed the random forest (RF) algorithm for model building and of the 12 fingerprint types, models built using the PubChem fingerprint was the most robust (Ac of 94.65% and 92.25% and Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) of 89% and 76% for ERα and ERβ, respectively) and therefore selected for feature interpretation. Results indicated the importance of features pertaining to aromatic rings, nitrogen-containing functional groups and aliphatic hydrocarbons. Finally, the model was deployed as the publicly available web server called ERpred at http://codes.bio/erpred where users can submit SMILES notation as the input query for prediction of the bioactivity against ERα and ERβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalini Schaduangrat
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aijaz Ahmad Malik
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chanin Nantasenamat
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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2
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Almeida CF, Teixeira N, Oliveira A, Augusto TV, Correia-da-Silva G, Ramos MJ, Fernandes PA, Amaral C. Discovery of a multi-target compound for estrogen receptor-positive (ER +) breast cancer: Involvement of aromatase and ERs. Biochimie 2020; 181:65-76. [PMID: 33278557 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite intense research, breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide, being estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) the most common subtype. Nowadays, aromatase inhibitors (AIs), the selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) tamoxifen and the selective estrogen receptor down-regulator (SERD) fulvestrant are used as therapeutic options for ER+ breast cancer, since they interfere directly with the production of estrogens and with the activation of estrogen-dependent signaling pathways. Despite the success of these treatments, the occurrence of resistance limits their clinical efficacy, demanding the development of novel therapies. Recently, multi-target compounds emerged as promising therapeutic strategies for ER+ breast cancer, as they can potentially modulate several important targets simultaneously. In line with this, in this work, the anti-cancer properties and multi-target action of 1,1-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenylbut-1-ene, tamoxifen bisphenol (1,1-BHPE), were evaluated in an ER+ breast cancer cell model (MCF-7aro cells). Molecular docking analysis predicted that 1,1-BHPE was able to bind to aromatase, ERα and ERβ. In vitro studies showed that, although it did not present anti-aromatase activity, 1,1-BHPE reduced aromatase protein levels and interfered with ERα and ERβ signaling pathways, acting as an ERα antagonist and inducing ERβ up-regulation. Through these mechanisms, 1,1-BHPE was able to impair breast cancer growth and induce apoptosis. This represents an important therapeutic advantage because the main players responsible for estrogen production and signaling are modulated by a single compound. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study describing the anti-cancer properties of 1,1-BHPE as a multi-target compound specific for ER+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ferreira Almeida
- UCIBIO.REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Natércia Teixeira
- UCIBIO.REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Oliveira
- LAQV.REQUIMTE, Computational Biochemistry Group, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago V Augusto
- UCIBIO.REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Georgina Correia-da-Silva
- UCIBIO.REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Ramos
- LAQV.REQUIMTE, Computational Biochemistry Group, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Alexandrino Fernandes
- LAQV.REQUIMTE, Computational Biochemistry Group, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Amaral
- UCIBIO.REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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3
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Carr M, Knox AJS, Nevin DK, O'Boyle N, Wang S, Egan B, McCabe T, Twamley B, Zisterer DM, Lloyd DG, Meegan MJ. Optimisation of estrogen receptor subtype-selectivity of a 4-Aryl-4H-chromene scaffold previously identified by virtual screening. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115261. [PMID: 31987694 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
4-Aryl-4H-Chromene derivatives have been previously shown to exhibit anti-proliferative, apoptotic and anti-angiogenic activity in a variety of tumor models in vitro and in vivo generally via activation of caspases through inhibition of tubulin polymerisation. We have previously identified by Virtual Screening (VS) a 4-aryl-4H-chromene scaffold, of which two examples were shown to bind Estrogen Receptor α and β with low nanomolar affinity and <20-fold selectivity for α over β and low micromolar anti-proliferative activity in the MCF-7 cell line. Thus, using the 4-aryl-4H-chromene scaffold as a starting point, a series of compounds with a range of basic arylethers at C-4 and modifications at the C3-ester substituent of the benzopyran ring were synthesised, producing some potent ER antagonists in the MCF-7 cell line which were highly selective for ERα (compound 35; 350-fold selectivity) or ERβ (compound 42; 170-fold selectivity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Carr
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152 - 160 Pearse Street Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152 - 160 Pearse Street Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Andrew J S Knox
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152 - 160 Pearse Street Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; School of Biological and Health Sciences, Technology University Dublin, Dublin City Campus, Kevin St., Dublin 8 D08 NF82, Ireland.
| | - Daniel K Nevin
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152 - 160 Pearse Street Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Niamh O'Boyle
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152 - 160 Pearse Street Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Shu Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152 - 160 Pearse Street Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Billy Egan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152 - 160 Pearse Street Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Thomas McCabe
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Brendan Twamley
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Daniela M Zisterer
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152 - 160 Pearse Street Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - David G Lloyd
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152 - 160 Pearse Street Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mary J Meegan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152 - 160 Pearse Street Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Yuan J, Liu C, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Yan D, Zhang W. Rhodium-catalyzed intramolecular hydroacylation of 1,2-disubstituted alkenes for the synthesis of 2-substituted indanones. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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5
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Design and synthesis of iodocarborane-containing ligands with high affinity and selectivity toward ERβ. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4030-4033. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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6
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Ohta K, Ogawa T, Oda A, Kaise A, Endo Y. Design and synthesis of carborane-containing estrogen receptor-beta (ERβ)-selective ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:4174-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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7
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Paterni I, Granchi C, Katzenellenbogen JA, Minutolo F. Estrogen receptors alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ): subtype-selective ligands and clinical potential. Steroids 2014; 90:13-29. [PMID: 24971815 PMCID: PMC4192010 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 431] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptors alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ) are nuclear transcription factors that are involved in the regulation of many complex physiological processes in humans. Modulation of these receptors by prospective therapeutic agents is currently being considered for prevention and treatment of a wide variety of pathological conditions, such as, cancer, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneration, inflammation, and osteoporosis. This review provides an overview and update of compounds that have been recently reported as modulators of ERs, with a particular focus on their potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Paterni
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlotta Granchi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - John A Katzenellenbogen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Filippo Minutolo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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8
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Tuccinardi T, Poli G, Dell'Agnello M, Granchi C, Minutolo F, Martinelli A. Receptor-based virtual screening evaluation for the identification of estrogen receptorβligands. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2014; 30:662-70. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2014.959946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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9
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Ng HW, Perkins R, Tong W, Hong H. Versatility or promiscuity: the estrogen receptors, control of ligand selectivity and an update on subtype selective ligands. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:8709-42. [PMID: 25162709 PMCID: PMC4198987 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110908709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The estrogen receptors (ERs) are a group of versatile receptors. They regulate an enormity of processes starting in early life and continuing through sexual reproduction, development, and end of life. This review provides a background and structural perspective for the ERs as part of the nuclear receptor superfamily and discusses the ER versatility and promiscuity. The wide repertoire of ER actions is mediated mostly through ligand-activated transcription factors and many DNA response elements in most tissues and organs. Their versatility, however, comes with the drawback of promiscuous interactions with structurally diverse exogenous chemicals with potential for a wide range of adverse health outcomes. Even when interacting with endogenous hormones, ER actions can have adverse effects in disease progression. Finally, how nature controls ER specificity and how the subtle differences in receptor subtypes are exploited in pharmaceutical design to achieve binding specificity and subtype selectivity for desired biological response are discussed. The intent of this review is to complement the large body of literature with emphasis on most recent developments in selective ER ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wen Ng
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - Roger Perkins
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - Weida Tong
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - Huixiao Hong
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
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10
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Manente AG, Valenti D, Pinton G, Jithesh PV, Daga A, Rossi L, Gray SG, O'Byrne KJ, Fennell DA, Vacca RA, Nilsson S, Mutti L, Moro L. Estrogen receptor β activation impairs mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and affects malignant mesothelioma cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Oncogenesis 2013; 2:e72. [PMID: 24061575 PMCID: PMC3816222 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2013.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER)-β has been shown to possess a tumor suppressive effect, and is a potential target for cancer therapy. Using gene-expression meta-analysis of human malignant pleural mesothelioma, we identified an ESR2 (ERβ coding gene) signature. High ESR2 expression was strongly associated with low succinate dehydrogenase B (SDHB) (which encodes a mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II subunit) expression. We demonstrate that SDHB loss induced ESR2 expression, and that activated ERβ, by over-expression or by selective agonist stimulation, negatively affected oxidative phosphorylation compromising mitochondrial complex II and IV activity. This resulted in reduced mitochondrial ATP production, increased glycolysis dependence and impaired cell proliferation. The observed in vitro effects were phenocopied in vivo using a selective ERβ agonist in a mesothelioma mouse model. On the whole, our data highlight an unforeseen interaction between ERβ-mediated tumor suppression and energy metabolism that may be exploited to improve on the therapy for clinical management of malignant mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Manente
- Department Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale 'A. Avogadro', Novara, Italy
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11
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Paterni I, Bertini S, Granchi C, Macchia M, Minutolo F. Estrogen receptor ligands: a patent review update. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2013; 23:1247-71. [PMID: 23713677 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2013.805206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The role of estrogens is mostly mediated by two nuclear receptors (ERα and ERβ) and a membrane-associated G-protein (GPR30 or GPER), and it is not limited to reproduction, but it extends to the skeletal, cardiovascular and central nervous systems. Various pathologies such as cancer, inflammatory, neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases are often associated with dysfunctions of the estrogenic system. Therapeutic interventions by agents that affect the estrogenic signaling pathway might be useful in the treatment of many dissimilar diseases. AREAS COVERED The massive chemodiversity of ER ligands, limited to patented small molecules, is herein reviewed. The reported compounds are classified on the basis of their chemical structures. Non-steroidal derivatives, which mostly consist of diphenolic compounds, are further segregated into chemical classes based on their central scaffold. EXPERT OPINION Estrogens have been used for almost a century and their earlier applications have concerned interventions in the female reproductive functions, as well as the treatment of some estrogen-dependent cancers and osteoporosis. Since the discovery of ERβ in 1996, the patent literature has started to pay a progressively increasing attention to this newer receptor subtype, which holds promise as a target for new indications, most of which still need to be clinically validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Paterni
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa , Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa , Italy +39 050 2219557 ; +39 050 2219605 ;
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12
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Sauvée C, Schäfer A, Sundén H, Ma JN, Gustavsson AL, Burstein ES, Olsson R. The A-CD analogue of 16β,17α-estriol is a potent and highly selective estrogen receptor β agonist. MEDCHEMCOMM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3md00194f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Clark J, Alves S, Gundlah C, Rocha B, Birzin E, Cai SJ, Flick R, Hayes E, Ho K, Warrier S, Pai L, Yudkovitz J, Fleischer R, Colwell L, Li S, Wilkinson H, Schaeffer J, Wilkening R, Mattingly E, Hammond M, Rohrer S. Selective estrogen receptor-beta (SERM-beta) compounds modulate raphe nuclei tryptophan hydroxylase-1 (TPH-1) mRNA expression and cause antidepressant-like effects in the forced swim test. Neuropharmacology 2012; 63:1051-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Luine VN, Frankfurt M. Estrogens facilitate memory processing through membrane mediated mechanisms and alterations in spine density. Front Neuroendocrinol 2012; 33:388-402. [PMID: 22981654 PMCID: PMC3496031 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Estrogens exert sustained, genomically mediated effects on memory throughout the female life cycle, but here we review new studies documenting rapid effects of estradiol on memory, which are exerted through membrane-mediated mechanisms. Use of recognition memory tasks in rats shows that estrogens enhance memory consolidation within 1h. 17α-Estradiol is more potent than 17β-estradiol, and the dose response relationship between estrogens and memory is an inverted U shape. Use of specific estrogen receptor (ER) agonists suggests mediation by an ERβ-like membrane receptor. Enhanced memory is associated with increased spine density and altered noradrenergic activity in the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus within 30 min of administration. The environmental chemical, bisphenol-A, rapidly antagonizes enhancements in memory in both sexes possibly through actions on spines. Thus, estradiol and related compounds exert rapid alterations in cognition through non-genomic mechanisms, a finding which may provide a basis for better understanding and treating memory impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria N Luine
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College of CUNY, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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15
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Structure-based quantitative structure–activity relationship modeling of estrogen receptor β-ligands. Future Med Chem 2011; 3:933-45. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.11.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A variety of chemotypes have been studied as estrogen receptor (ER) β-selective ligands for potential drugs against various indications, including neurodegenerative diseases. Their structure–activity relationship data and the x-ray structures of the ERβ ligand-binding domain bound with different ligands have become available. Thus, it is vitally important for future development of ERβ-selective ligands that robust quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) models be built. Methods/results: We employed a newly developed structure-based QSAR method (structure-based pharmacophore keys QSAR) that utilizes both the structure–activity relationship data and the 3D structural information of ERβ, as well as a robust QSAR workflow to analyze 37 ligands. Four sets of QSAR models were obtained, among which approximately 30 models afforded high (>0.60) training-r2 and test set-R2 statistics. Conclusion: We have obtained an ensemble of predictive models of ERβ ligands that will be useful in the future discovery of novel ERβ-selective molecules.
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Balaji, Muthiah R, Sabarinath, Ramamurthy, Chandrasekharan. Descriptor analysis of estrogen receptor β-selective ligands using 2-phenylquinoline, tetrahydrofluorenone and 3-hydroxy 6H-benzo[c]chromen-6-one scaffolds. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2011; 26:831-42. [PMID: 21438712 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2011.566219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) selective ligands have attracted much attention recently in the design of anti-cancer drugs that are devoid of the common side effects of estrogen. Structural studies of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and β revealed that there were considerable differences in their ligand-binding cavity and in their volume. Hence, the present study has hypothesized that size and shape descriptors can influence the affinity/selectivity of the ligands towards ERβ. To prove the same, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analyses were carried out using multiple regression analysis on 2-phenylquinoline, tetrahydrofluorenone and 3-hydroxy-6H-benzo[c]chromen-6-one series. Results indicate that increased lipophilicity, decrease in ellipsoidal volume and width of substituents, presence of halogen atoms was essential for the ligands to have high affinity/selectivity towards ERβ. QSAR models obtained were both internally and externally validated. The study delineates that the size and shape descriptors are best modulators of ERβ affinity/selectivity. Docking studies were performed to support our QSAR results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji
- Department of Pharmacology, PSG College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, India
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17
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Lubbers LS, Zafian PT, Gautreaux C, Gordon M, Alves SE, Correa L, Lorrain DS, Hickey GJ, Luine V. Estrogen receptor (ER) subtype agonists alter monoamine levels in the female rat brain. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 122:310-7. [PMID: 20800684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Revised: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the effects of subtype-selective ER agonists on monoamine levels in discrete regions of the female rat brain. Ovariectomized (ovx) rats were treated for 4 days with vehicle, 17β-estradiol (E; 0.05mg/kg), an ERβ agonist (C19; 3mg/kg) or an ERα agonist (PPT; 3mg/kg) and samples from brain regions were assessed for monoamines and metabolites. We also assessed effects of ERβ modulation on baseline and fenfluramine-induced release of monoamines in hippocampus using microdialysis. In the first study, E and the ERα agonist increased norepinephrine in cortex and all three ER ligands increased it in the ventral hippocampus. Changes in levels of the noradrenergic metabolite, MHPG and the dopaminergic metabolite, DOPAC were noted in brain areas of ER ligand-treated animals. E also increased levels of 5HIAA in three brain areas. In the microdialysis study, there were no differences among groups in baseline levels of monoamines. However, E and the ERβ agonist increased levels of the dopaminergic metabolite, HVA following fenfluramine. In summary, activation of the two nuclear ERs with selective agonists affects monoamine and metabolite levels in discrete brain areas, a number of which are known to play key roles in cognitive and affective function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura S Lubbers
- Department of Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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18
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Jacome LF, Gautreaux C, Inagaki T, Mohan G, Alves S, Lubbers LS, Luine V. Estradiol and ERβ agonists enhance recognition memory, and DPN, an ERβ agonist, alters brain monoamines. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2010; 94:488-98. [PMID: 20828630 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2010.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Revised: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Effects of estradiol benzoate (EB), ERα-selective agonist, propyl pyrazole triol (PPT) and ERβ-selective agonists, diarylpropionitrile (DPN) and Compound 19 (C-19) on memory were investigated in OVX rats using object recognition (OR) and placement (OP) memory tasks. Treatments were acute (behavior 4h later) or sub chronic (daily injections for 2 days with behavior 48 h later). Objects were explored in sample trials (T1), and discrimination between sample (old) and new object/location in recognition trials (T2) was examined after 2-4h inter-trial delays. Subjects treated sub chronically with EB, DPN, and C-19, but not PPT, discriminated between old and new objects and objects in old and new locations, suggesting that, at these doses and duration of treatments, estrogenic interactions with ERβ contribute to enhancements in recognition memory. Acute injections of DPN, but not PPT, immediately after T1, also enhanced discrimination for both tasks (C19 was not investigated). Effects of EB, DPN and PPT on anxiety and locomotion, measured on elevated plus maze and open field, did not appear to account for the mnemonic enhancements. Monoamines and metabolites were measured following DPN treatment in subjects that did not receive behavioral testing. DPN was associated with alterations in monoamines in several brain areas: indexed by the metabolite, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), or the MHPG/norepinephrine (NE) ratio, NE activity was increased by 60-130% in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and ventral hippocampus, and NE activity was decreased by 40-80% in the v. diagonal bands and CA1. Levels of the dopamine (DA) metabolite, homovanillic acid (HVA), increased 100% in the PFC and decreased by 50% in the dentate gyrus following DPN treatment. The metabolite of serotonin, 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA), was increased in the PFC and CA3, by approximately 20%. No monoaminergic changes were noted in striatum or medial septum. Results suggest that ERβ mediates sub chronic and acute effects of estrogens on recognition memory and that memory enhancements by DPN may occur, in part, through alterations in monoaminergic containing systems primarily in PFC and hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F Jacome
- Biopsychology and Behavioral Science Subprogram, Graduate Program in Psychology, Graduate Center of City University of New York, NY 10016, USA
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Mohler ML, Narayanan R, Coss CC, Hu K, He Y, Wu Z, Hong SS, Hwang DJ, Miller DD, Dalton JT. Estrogen receptor beta selective nonsteroidal estrogens: seeking clinical indications. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2010; 20:507-34. [PMID: 20302450 DOI: 10.1517/13543771003657164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Nonsteroidal estrogens have been known since the 1930s. However, the relatively recent (1996) discovery of estrogen receptor subtype beta (ERbeta) suggested a possible paradigm shift away from SERM-like selectivity. Selective ERbeta agonism would potentially allow expansion of estrogenic targeting into new indications (discussed herein) currently precluded by the thrombogenic and hyperproliferative effects of nonselective estrogens. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW ERbeta agonist design has been very successful. Pharmacophores for ERbeta selective nonsteroidal estrogens are generally diphenolic compounds that achieve an inter-phenolic distance and geometry similar to 17beta-estradiol with few restraints on the nature of the element linking the phenols (or phenol mimetics). The tremendously chemodiverse ERbeta agonist patent literature is reviewed, segregating the agonists into structurally similar compounds based on their interphenolic linking elements. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN A comprehensive understanding of the chemotype landscape of this field and an assessment of its maturation. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Subtype selective ERbeta agonist therapy seems very promising. However, more clinical testing is needed to firmly establish its therapeutic potential. At this point, ERbeta is a promising target in search of an indication.
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20
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Minutolo F, Macchia M, Katzenellenbogen BS, Katzenellenbogen JA. Estrogen receptor β ligands: Recent advances and biomedical applications. Med Res Rev 2009; 31:364-442. [DOI: 10.1002/med.20186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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21
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Opas EE, Scafonas A, Nantermet PV, Wilkening RR, Birzin ET, Wilkinson H, Colwell LF, Schaeffer JM, Towler DA, Rodan GA, Schmidt A. Control of rat tail skin temperature regulation by estrogen receptor-beta selective ligand. Maturitas 2009; 64:46-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2009.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2009] [Revised: 07/08/2009] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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Asim M, Asim M, El-Salfiti M, Qian Y, Choueiri C, Salari S, Cheng J, Shadnia H, Bal M, Christine Pratt MA, Carlson KE, Katzenellenbogen JA, Wright JS, Durst T. Deconstructing estradiol: removal of B-ring generates compounds which are potent and subtype-selective estrogen receptor agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 19:1250-3. [PMID: 19167882 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.12.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2008] [Accepted: 12/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Estradiol and related estrogens have been widely used as supplements to relieve menopausal symptoms, but they lead to an increased risk of breast and endometrial cancer. Here we report the synthesis of a new family of compounds where we have removed the B-ring from the steroid ABCD structure, and functionalized the A-ring. These A-CD compounds show a preferential affinity for the estrogen receptor subtype ERbeta. Some show binding affinities which are greater than estradiol. The presence of electron-withdrawing substituents on the A-ring should reduce the tendency of these compounds to form carcinogenic metabolites, so they might lead to a safer approach to hormone replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada K1N 6N5
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23
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24
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Parker, Jr. DL, Fried AK, Meng D, Greenlee ML. Use of Fluoroalkyl as a Latent Group for Internal Alkylation: Application to the Synthesis of Bridged Tetrahydrofluorenones. Org Lett 2008; 10:2983-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol800971f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dann L. Parker, Jr.
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Amy K. Fried
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Dongfang Meng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Mark L. Greenlee
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
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25
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Minutolo F, Bellini R, Bertini S, Carboni I, Lapucci A, Pistolesi L, Prota G, Rapposelli S, Solati F, Tuccinardi T, Martinelli A, Stossi F, Carlson KE, Katzenellenbogen BS, Katzenellenbogen JA, Macchia M. Monoaryl-Substituted Salicylaldoximes as Ligands for Estrogen Receptor β. J Med Chem 2008; 51:1344-51. [DOI: 10.1021/jm701396g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Minutolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy, and Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Rosalba Bellini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy, and Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Simone Bertini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy, and Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Isabella Carboni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy, and Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Annalina Lapucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy, and Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Letizia Pistolesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy, and Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Giovanni Prota
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy, and Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Simona Rapposelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy, and Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Francesca Solati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy, and Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy, and Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Adriano Martinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy, and Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Fabio Stossi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy, and Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Kathryn E. Carlson
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy, and Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Benita S. Katzenellenbogen
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy, and Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - John A. Katzenellenbogen
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy, and Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Marco Macchia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy, and Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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26
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Scott JP, Ashwood MS, Brands KMJ, Brewer SE, Cowden CJ, Dolling UH, Emerson KM, Gibb AD, Goodyear A, Oliver SF, Stewart GW, Wallace DJ. Development of a Phase Transfer Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis for an Estrogen Receptor Beta Selective Agonist. Org Process Res Dev 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/op700178q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy P. Scott
- Department of Process Research, Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories, Hertford Road, Hoddesdon, Hertfordshire EN11 9BU, U.K
| | - Michael S. Ashwood
- Department of Process Research, Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories, Hertford Road, Hoddesdon, Hertfordshire EN11 9BU, U.K
| | - Karel M. J. Brands
- Department of Process Research, Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories, Hertford Road, Hoddesdon, Hertfordshire EN11 9BU, U.K
| | - Sarah E. Brewer
- Department of Process Research, Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories, Hertford Road, Hoddesdon, Hertfordshire EN11 9BU, U.K
| | - Cameron J. Cowden
- Department of Process Research, Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories, Hertford Road, Hoddesdon, Hertfordshire EN11 9BU, U.K
| | - Ulf-H. Dolling
- Department of Process Research, Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories, Hertford Road, Hoddesdon, Hertfordshire EN11 9BU, U.K
| | - Khateeta M. Emerson
- Department of Process Research, Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories, Hertford Road, Hoddesdon, Hertfordshire EN11 9BU, U.K
| | - Andrew D. Gibb
- Department of Process Research, Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories, Hertford Road, Hoddesdon, Hertfordshire EN11 9BU, U.K
| | - Adrian Goodyear
- Department of Process Research, Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories, Hertford Road, Hoddesdon, Hertfordshire EN11 9BU, U.K
| | - Steven F. Oliver
- Department of Process Research, Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories, Hertford Road, Hoddesdon, Hertfordshire EN11 9BU, U.K
| | - Gavin W. Stewart
- Department of Process Research, Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories, Hertford Road, Hoddesdon, Hertfordshire EN11 9BU, U.K
| | - Debra J. Wallace
- Department of Process Research, Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories, Hertford Road, Hoddesdon, Hertfordshire EN11 9BU, U.K
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27
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Heldring N, Pike A, Andersson S, Matthews J, Cheng G, Hartman J, Tujague M, Ström A, Treuter E, Warner M, Gustafsson JA. Estrogen receptors: how do they signal and what are their targets. Physiol Rev 2007; 87:905-31. [PMID: 17615392 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00026.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1238] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past decade there has been a substantial advance in our understanding of estrogen signaling both from a clinical as well as a preclinical perspective. Estrogen signaling is a balance between two opposing forces in the form of two distinct receptors (ER alpha and ER beta) and their splice variants. The prospect that these two pathways can be selectively stimulated or inhibited with subtype-selective drugs constitutes new and promising therapeutic opportunities in clinical areas as diverse as hormone replacement, autoimmune diseases, prostate and breast cancer, and depression. Molecular biological, biochemical, and structural studies have generated information which is invaluable for the development of more selective and effective ER ligands. We have also become aware that ERs do not function by themselves but require a number of coregulatory proteins whose cell-specific expression explains some of the distinct cellular actions of estrogen. Estrogen is an important morphogen, and many of its proliferative effects on the epithelial compartment of glands are mediated by growth factors secreted from the stromal compartment. Thus understanding the cross-talk between growth factor and estrogen signaling is essential for understanding both normal and malignant growth. In this review we focus on several of the interesting recent discoveries concerning estrogen receptors, on estrogen as a morphogen, and on the molecular mechanisms of anti-estrogen signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Heldring
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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28
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Turner JV, Agatonovic-Kustrin S, Glass BD. Molecular aspects of phytoestrogen selective binding at estrogen receptors. J Pharm Sci 2007; 96:1879-85. [PMID: 17518366 DOI: 10.1002/jps.20987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are a diverse group of plant-derived compounds that structurally or functionally mimic mammalian estrogens and show potential benefits for human health. An increase in phytoestrogen research over the past few decades has demonstrated the biological complexity of phytoestrogens, which belong to several different chemical classes and act through diverse mechanisms. Identification of the estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta) and research into various ligand classes has enabled elucidation of molecular aspects important in selective ER binding. This article explores the structural characteristics and significance of functional groups as they relate to phytoestrogen selectivity for ER binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph V Turner
- School of Medicine, Rural Clinical Division, The University of Queensland, Locked Bag 9009, Toowoomba DC, Brisbane, QLD 4350, Australia.
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29
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Huffman MA, Rosen JD, Farr RN, Lynch JE. Synthesis of a selective estrogen receptor β-modulator via asymmetric phase-transfer catalysis. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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30
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Blizzard TA, Gude C, Chan W, Birzin ET, Mojena M, Tudela C, Chen F, Knecht K, Su Q, Kraker B, Holmes MA, Rohrer SP, Hammond ML. Bridged androstenediol analogs as ER-β selective SERMs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:2944-8. [PMID: 17448656 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2006] [Revised: 12/08/2006] [Accepted: 12/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of bridged androstenediol derivatives was prepared. The bridged compounds exhibited reduced ER-beta selectivity relative to uncyclized analogs.
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31
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Wildonger KJ, Ratcliffe RW, Mosley RT, Hammond ML, Birzin ET, Rohrer SP. Tetrahydrofluorenones with conformationally restricted side chains as selective estrogen receptor beta ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:4462-6. [PMID: 16815012 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2006] [Accepted: 06/12/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2-9a bridged tetrahydrofluorenone derivatives were prepared which exhibited significant binding affinity for ERbeta and were highly selective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth J Wildonger
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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32
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Parker DL, Meng D, Ratcliffe RW, Wilkening RR, Sperbeck DM, Greenlee ML, Colwell LF, Lambert S, Birzin ET, Frisch K, Rohrer SP, Nilsson S, Thorsell AG, Hammond ML. Triazolo-tetrahydrofluorenones as selective estrogen receptor beta agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:4652-6. [PMID: 16777408 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.05.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2006] [Revised: 05/30/2006] [Accepted: 05/31/2006] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Several tetrahydrofluorenones with a triazole fused across C7-C8 showed high levels of ERbeta-selectivity and were found to be potent ERbeta-agonists. As a class they demonstrate improved oral bioavailability in the rat over a parent class of 7-hydroxy-tetrahydrofluorenones. The most selective agonist displayed 5.7 nM affinity and 333-fold selectivity for ERbeta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dann L Parker
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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33
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Wilkening RR, Ratcliffe RW, Fried AK, Meng D, Sun W, Colwell L, Lambert S, Greenlee M, Nilsson S, Thorsell A, Mojena M, Tudela C, Frisch K, Chan W, Birzin ET, Rohrer SP, Hammond ML. Estrogen receptor beta-subtype selective tetrahydrofluorenones: use of a fused pyrazole as a phenol bioisostere. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:3896-901. [PMID: 16730987 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2006] [Accepted: 05/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of a series of fused pyrazole tetrahydrofluorenone analogs which are potent, ERbeta subtype selective ligands is described. Analogs possessing subnanomolar ERbeta binding, greater than 100-fold ERbeta-selectivity, and oral bioavailability are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Wilkening
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 2000, 800-B116 Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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