1
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Huang JH, Wittekind SG, Opotowsky AR, Ward K, Lyman A, Gauthier N, Vernon M, Powell AW, White DA, Curran TJ, Orr WB, Stephens P, Robinson B, Pham TD, Mays WA, Burstein D, Carr M, Paridon S, Rhodes J, Koenig P. Pediatric Cardiology Fellowship Standards for Training in Exercise Medicine and Curriculum Outline. Pediatr Cardiol 2023; 44:540-548. [PMID: 36422652 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-022-03048-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 2 decades, fundamentals of exercise medicine, including clinical exercise testing, assessment and promotion of physical activity, exercise prescription, and supervised exercise training/rehabilitation programming have demonstrated considerable clinical value in the management of children and adolescents with congenital and acquired heart disease. Although the principles of exercise medicine have become an integral component in pediatric cardiology, there are no standardized training recommendations for exercise physiology during pediatric cardiology fellowship at this time. Thus, the Pediatric Cardiology Exercise Medicine Curriculum Committee (PCEMCC) was formed to establish core and advanced exercise physiology training recommendations for pediatric cardiology trainees. The PCEMCC includes a diverse group of pediatric cardiologists, exercise physiologists, and fellowship program directors. The expert consensus training recommendations are by no means a mandate and are summarized herein, including suggestions for achieving the minimum knowledge and training needed for general pediatric cardiology practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - S G Wittekind
- Division of Cardiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A R Opotowsky
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - K Ward
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A Lyman
- Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - N Gauthier
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Vernon
- Division of Cardiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A W Powell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - D A White
- Ward Family Heart Center, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - T J Curran
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - W B Orr
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - P Stephens
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - B Robinson
- Nemours Cardiac Center, Alfred I DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - T D Pham
- Department of Cardiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - W A Mays
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - D Burstein
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - M Carr
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - S Paridon
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Rhodes
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P Koenig
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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2
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Salton M, Carr M, Tarjan LM, Clarke J, Kirkwood R, Slip D, Harcourt R. Protected area use by two sympatric marine predators repopulating their historical range. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2021. [DOI: 10.3354/esr01129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As large carnivores recover from over-exploitation, managers often lack evidence-based information on species habitat requirements and the efficacy of management practices, particularly where species repopulate areas from which they have long been extirpated. We investigated the movement and habitat use by 2 semi-aquatic carnivores (Australian fur seals Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus and New Zealand fur seals A. forsteri) at the northern end of their distributions in Australia, where after a long absence both are recolonising their historic range. We also assessed male fur seal habitat use overlap with terrestrial and marine protected areas (PAs). While at the margin of the range during winter and early spring, the males remained inshore close to terrestrial sites and where interactions with humans often occur. From early spring, the males from the range margin showed uniform movement toward colonies in the core of the species’ range prior to their breeding seasons. This contrasts with males tracked from the core of the species’ range that returned periodically to colonies during the year, and highlights the importance of range-wide monitoring of a species to inform conservation planning. Habitat use by some males included over 90% of a marine PA at the margin of the species’ range. Most terrestrial haul-outs used were within terrestrial PAs, while sites not protected were on the margin of the range. Despite wide-ranging habits, their dependence on coastal sites, where human access and activities can be regulated and more readily enforced, suggests that terrestrial and marine PAs will continue to play an important role in managing the recovery of these fur seals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Salton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales 2109, Australia
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Agriculture, Water and Environment, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia
| | - M Carr
- Department of Primary Industries, Jervis Bay Marine Park, New South Wales 2540, Australia
- Biodiversity Conservation Trust, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales 2450, Australia
| | - LM Tarjan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
- San Francisco Bay Bird Observatory, 524 Valley Way, Milpitas, California 95035, USA
| | - J Clarke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - R Kirkwood
- Research Department, Phillip Island Nature Parks, Cowes, Victoria 3922, Australia
- SARDI Aquatic Sciences, West Beach, South Australia 5024, Australia
| | - D Slip
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales 2109, Australia
- Taronga Conservation Society Australia, Mosman, New South Wales 2088, Australia
| | - R Harcourt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales 2109, Australia
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3
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Akomeah E, Morales-Marın LA, Carr M, Sadeghian A, Lindenschmidt KE. The impacts of changing climate and streamflow on nutrient speciation in a large Prairie reservoir. J Environ Manage 2021; 288:112262. [PMID: 33756384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate mediated warming water temperature, drought and extreme flooding are projected to shift the phenology of nutrients in receiving lakes and reservoirs further intensifying eutrophication and algal blooms, especially in temperate reservoirs. An emerging issue in reservoir management is the prediction of climate change impacts, a necessity for sound decision making and sustainable management. Lake Diefenbaker is a large multipurpose reservoir in the Canadian Prairies. In this study, the impact of climate change on nutrient speciation in Lake Diefenbaker is examined using loosely linked SpAtially Referenced Regression On Watershed attributes (SPARROW) and CE-QUAL-W2 models. Two climate mediated scenarios, RCP 8.5 representing the most extreme climate change, and climate induced streamflow were modelled. Nutrient levels are anticipated to double under the climate change and streamflow scenarios. Winter and spring were identified as hot moments for nitrogen pollution with a plausible saturation of nitrous oxides in the future. Of concern is a plausible recycling of nitrate through dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium. Summer and fall on the other hand represent the period for phosphorus enrichment and internal loading with a probable succession of cyanobacteria in the summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Akomeah
- University of Saskatchewan, 11 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 3H5, Canada.
| | - L A Morales-Marın
- Canadian Centre for Meteorological and Environmental Prediction, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 2121 TransCanada Highway, Dorval, QC, H9P 1J3, Canada
| | - M Carr
- Minnow Environmental Inc., 2750 Faithfull Ave # 110, Saskatoon, SK, S7K 6M6, Canada
| | - A Sadeghian
- Golder Associates, 700 2 St SW #2800, Calgary, AB, T2P 2W2, Canada
| | - K E Lindenschmidt
- University of Saskatchewan, 11 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 3H5, Canada
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4
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Moscheni M, Carr M, Dulla S, Maviglia F, Meakins A, Nallo G, Subba F, Zanino R. Radiative heat load distribution on the EU-DEMO first wall due to mitigated disruptions. Nuclear Materials and Energy 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2020.100824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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5
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Lin J, Kurbedin J, Khordipour E, Haines L, Nguyen A, Grbic M, Hoffman T, Carr M, Gupta S, Likourezos A, Aghera A. 348 Emergency Physician Learning Curve on Transesophageal Echocardiography Simulator. Ann Emerg Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.09.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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6
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Carr M, Stocks A, Mallett R, Konkoly K, Freegard M, Hicks A, Crawford M, Pigeon W, Schredl M, Bradshaw C. 0112 Lucid Dreaming Associated with Positive Waking Mood. Sleep 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Lucid dreaming (being aware that one is dreaming) is typically a positive experience that may enhance positive mood even after waking. There is concern, however, that lucid dreaming may interfere with sleep quality. In the current experiment, participants practiced common lucid dream induction techniques over the course of a week, and kept a daily sleep and dream diary. The study objective was to assess relationships between dream lucidity and subjective sleep quality, dream emotional content, and subsequent waking mood.
Methods
There were 32 participants aged 19–33 in this open label, single arm study (mean=22.63±3.48; 6 males, 24 females). All participants completed a sleep and dream diary for 7 days that included scaled items (1–7 scale) concerning subjective sleep quality, negative and positive emotional intensity of a dream (if recalled). Participants also completed a 19-item lucidity questionnaire, and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Average scores for the week were computed for all measures and Pearson’s correlations conducted between lucidity and all other measures. Participants with no dream recall (n=5) were excluded. Within-subjects analyses were undertaken by selecting each participant’s highest and lowest lucidity night (n=22; 5 participants with only minimum lucidity excluded).
Results
Positive correlations were found between lucidity and dream positive emotion (r=.490, n=27, p=.009) and positive waking mood (r=.638, n=27, p<.001); there were no other significant correlations (all p>.1). Higher lucidity was associated with more positive dream content (t(21)= -3.214, p=.004) and positive waking mood (t(25)=-4.568, p<.001); no other significant differences were observed.
Conclusion
These data indicate that lucidity is associated with positive dreams and waking mood, with no detriment to self-reported sleep quality. The findings provide preliminary support of lucid dreaming as an intervention to improve wellbeing and mood in the short term.
Support
N/A
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carr
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - A Stocks
- Swansea University, Swansea, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - R Mallett
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - K Konkoly
- Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | - M Freegard
- Swansea University, Swansea, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - A Hicks
- Swansea University, Swansea, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - M Crawford
- Swansea University, Swansea, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - W Pigeon
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - M Schredl
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannehim, GERMANY
| | - C Bradshaw
- Swansea University, Swansea, UNITED KINGDOM
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7
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Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
THC (the main psychoactive component of cannabis) has been shown to suppress REM sleep and decrease sleep latency, although this is not consistently replicated. Increased dream vividness is reported to occur in abstinent cannabis users, although dream quality in active users is unstudied. The current study aimed to assess the effects of cannabis use compared to non-use on objective sleep measures, dream reports, and self-reported anxiety, memory, and sleep quality. To collect objective sleep data we piloted the use of a portable PSG headband that allows EEG and EOG recording at home.
Methods
12 regular cannabis users (> 3 days per week) & 9 non-users (aged 19 - 27; 43% female) participated; participants used no other drugs or alcohol on study nights. The most common form of cannabis use was smoking in joints with tobacco (range = 1 - 15 per day). Participants wore the PSG headband (the Hypnodyne ZMax) over 2 nights at home (2nd night used for analysis), and were instructed to awaken 4 times across the night to fill out brief dream reports. Objective sleep measures included TST, Sleep latency, REM latency, and REM percent. Self-report measures included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Everyday Memory Questionnaire, and State-Trait Anxiety Index. Dream measures included recall frequency, word length, and three attributes rated on a 1–7 Likert scale - sensory vividness, emotional intensity, and bizarreness.
Results
There were no group differences on self-report measures. Cannabis users showed longer REM latency (t=2.23, p=.04) and lower REM% (U=22, p=.02); there were no other objective group differences. Cannabis users reported higher bizarreness in their dreams (t=2.07, p=.05); there were no other dream differences.
Conclusion
The study presents a novel approach to assess sleep at home and cannabis use. Significant differences emerged between users and non-users on REM latency, REM%, and dream bizarreness.
Support
N/A
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carr
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - R Borcsok
- Swansea University, Swansea, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - M Taylor
- Swansea University, Swansea, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - S Segust
- Swansea University, Swansea, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - W Pigeon
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - C Bradshaw
- Swansea University, Swansea, UNITED KINGDOM
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8
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Carr M, Knox AJS, Nevin DK, O'Boyle N, Wang S, Egan B, McCabe T, Twamley B, Zisterer DM, Lloyd DG, Meegan MJ. Optimisation of estrogen receptor subtype-selectivity of a 4-Aryl-4H-chromene scaffold previously identified by virtual screening. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115261. [PMID: 31987694 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
4-Aryl-4H-Chromene derivatives have been previously shown to exhibit anti-proliferative, apoptotic and anti-angiogenic activity in a variety of tumor models in vitro and in vivo generally via activation of caspases through inhibition of tubulin polymerisation. We have previously identified by Virtual Screening (VS) a 4-aryl-4H-chromene scaffold, of which two examples were shown to bind Estrogen Receptor α and β with low nanomolar affinity and <20-fold selectivity for α over β and low micromolar anti-proliferative activity in the MCF-7 cell line. Thus, using the 4-aryl-4H-chromene scaffold as a starting point, a series of compounds with a range of basic arylethers at C-4 and modifications at the C3-ester substituent of the benzopyran ring were synthesised, producing some potent ER antagonists in the MCF-7 cell line which were highly selective for ERα (compound 35; 350-fold selectivity) or ERβ (compound 42; 170-fold selectivity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Carr
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152 - 160 Pearse Street Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152 - 160 Pearse Street Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Andrew J S Knox
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152 - 160 Pearse Street Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; School of Biological and Health Sciences, Technology University Dublin, Dublin City Campus, Kevin St., Dublin 8 D08 NF82, Ireland.
| | - Daniel K Nevin
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152 - 160 Pearse Street Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Niamh O'Boyle
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152 - 160 Pearse Street Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Shu Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152 - 160 Pearse Street Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Billy Egan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152 - 160 Pearse Street Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Thomas McCabe
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Brendan Twamley
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Daniela M Zisterer
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152 - 160 Pearse Street Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - David G Lloyd
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152 - 160 Pearse Street Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mary J Meegan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152 - 160 Pearse Street Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Crawford M, Salanitro M, Vallières A, Carr M, Rees H, Norris E, Bradshaw C, Blagrove M. Both good and poor sleepers overestimate wakefulness after waking from a nap: impact of sleep inertia. Sleep Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.11.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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10
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Carr M, Meakins A, Silburn SA, Karhunen J, Bernert M, Bowman C, Callarelli A, Carvalho P, Giroud C, Harrison JR, Henderson SS, Huber A, Lipschultz B, Lunt T, Moulton D, Reimold F. Physically principled reflection models applied to filtered camera imaging inversions in metal walled fusion machines. Rev Sci Instrum 2019; 90:043504. [PMID: 31043003 DOI: 10.1063/1.5092781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ray-tracing techniques are applied to filtered divertor imaging, a diagnostic that has long suffered from artifacts due to the polluting effect of reflected light in metal walled fusion machines. Physically realistic surface reflections were modeled using a Cook-Torrance micro-facet bi-directional reflection distribution function applied to a high resolution mesh of the vessel geometry. In the absence of gonioreflectometer measurements, a technique was developed to fit the free parameters of the Cook-Torrance model against images of the JET in-vessel light sources. By coupling this model with high fidelity plasma fluid simulations, photo-realistic renderings of a number of tokamak plasma emission scenarios were generated. Finally, a sensitivity matrix describing the optical coupling of a JET divertor camera and the emission profile of the plasma was obtained, including full reflection effects. These matrices are used to perform inversions on measured data and shown to reduce the level of artifacts in inverted emission profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carr
- UKAEA/CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - A Meakins
- UKAEA/CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - S A Silburn
- UKAEA/CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - J Karhunen
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 11100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - M Bernert
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - C Bowman
- Department of Physics, York Plasma Institute, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
| | - A Callarelli
- UKAEA/CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - P Carvalho
- UKAEA/CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - C Giroud
- UKAEA/CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - J R Harrison
- UKAEA/CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - S S Henderson
- UKAEA/CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - A Huber
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie-und Klimaforschung - Plasmaphysik, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - B Lipschultz
- Department of Physics, York Plasma Institute, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
| | - T Lunt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - D Moulton
- UKAEA/CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - F Reimold
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Greifswald, Germany
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11
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Henderson S, Bernert M, Brezinsek S, Carr M, Cavedon M, Dux R, Gahle D, Harrison J, Kallenbach A, Lipschultz B, Lomanowski B, Meigs A, O’Mullane M, Reimold F, Reinke M, Wiesen S. An assessment of nitrogen concentrations from spectroscopic measurements in the JET and ASDEX upgrade divertor. Nuclear Materials and Energy 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Carr M, Meakins A, Bernert M, David P, Giroud C, Harrison J, Henderson S, Lipschultz B, Reimold F. Description of complex viewing geometries of fusion tomography diagnostics by ray-tracing. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:083506. [PMID: 30184695 DOI: 10.1063/1.5031087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ray-tracing techniques are applied to bolometry, a diagnostic where the finite collection volume is particularly sensitive to the machine and detector configuration. A technique is presented that can handle arbitrarily complex aperture and collimator geometries, neglecting reflection effects. Sight lines from the ASDEX Upgrade bolometer foils were ray-traced with a path tracing algorithm, where the optical path is represented by a statistical bundle of ray paths connecting the foil surface with the slit geometry. By using the full 3D machine model for the detector box and first wall, effects such as occlusion and vignetting were included in the calculation of the bolometer's étendue. Inversion matrices calculated with the ray-tracing technique were compared with the more conventional single-ray approach and shown to be naturally more constrained, requiring less regularisation. The two models were tested on a sample radiation scenario, and the common single-ray approximation is shown to be insufficient. These results are particularly relevant for the divertor where strong emission gradients may be present. The technique developed generalises well to arbitrarily complex viewing geometries and collimators, opening up a new design space for bolometer configurations that might not normally have been considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carr
- CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - A Meakins
- CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - M Bernert
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - P David
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - C Giroud
- CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - J Harrison
- CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - S Henderson
- CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - B Lipschultz
- Department of Physics, York Plasma Institute, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
| | - F Reimold
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Greifswald, Germany
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13
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Abstract
There is a pressing clinical need to develop accurate, efficient non-contrast magnetic resonance angiography (NC-MRA) techniques. Our efforts in the field have focused on a novel non-subtractive technique called quiescent-interval slice-selective (QISS) MRA. Compared with other NC-MRA techniques, QISS has the advantage of being more accurate while enabling a simpler and more efficient workflow. The original implementation, which uses electrocardiogram (ECG) gating and a Cartesian k-space trajectory, is a reliable technique for the evaluation of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Recent advances in QISS technology include the use of a radial k-space trajectory, which facilitates rapid imaging of the coronary, renal, and pulmonary arteries as well as other vascular beds, and ungated ("UnQISS") acquisitions for PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Edelman
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Radiology, Northshore University Health System, Evanston, IL, USA.
| | - M Carr
- Department of Radiology, Northshore University Health System, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - I Koktzoglou
- Department of Radiology, Northshore University Health System, Evanston, IL, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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14
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Steeg S, Emsley R, Carr M, Cooper J, Kapur N. Routine hospital management of self-harm and risk of further self-harm: propensity score analysis using record-based cohort data. Psychol Med 2018; 48:315-326. [PMID: 28637535 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717001702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The care received by people presenting to hospital following self-harm varies and it is unclear how different types of treatment affect risk of further self-harm. METHOD Observational cohort data from the Manchester Self-Harm Project, UK, included 16 456 individuals presenting to an Emergency Department with self-harm between 2003 and 2011. Individuals were followed up for 12 months. We also used data from a smaller cohort of individuals presenting to 31 hospitals in England during a 3-month period in 2010/2011, followed up for 6 months. Propensity score (PS) methods were used to address observed confounding. Missing data were imputed using multiple imputation. RESULTS Following PS stratification, those who received a psychosocial assessment had a lower risk of repeat hospital attendance for self-harm than those who were not assessed [RR 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.80-0.95]. The risk was reduced most among people less likely to be assessed. Following PS matching, we found no associations between risks of repeat self-harm and admission to a medical bed, referral to outpatient psychiatry or admission to a psychiatric bed. We did not find a relationship between psychosocial assessment and repeat self-harm in the 31 centre cohort. CONCLUSIONS This study shows the potential value of using novel statistical techniques in large mental health datasets to estimate treatment effects. We found that specialist psychosocial assessment may reduce the risk of repeat self-harm. This type of routine care should be provided for all individuals who present to hospital after self-harm, regardless of perceived risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Steeg
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health,Centre for Suicide Prevention, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre,Manchester,UK
| | - R Emsley
- Centre for Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre,Manchester,UK
| | - M Carr
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health,Centre for Suicide Prevention, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre,Manchester,UK
| | - J Cooper
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health,Centre for Suicide Prevention, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre,Manchester,UK
| | - N Kapur
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health,Centre for Suicide Prevention, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre,Manchester,UK
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15
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O'Boyle NM, Barrett I, Greene LM, Carr M, Fayne D, Twamley B, Knox AJS, Keely NO, Zisterer DM, Meegan MJ. Lead Optimization of Benzoxepin-Type Selective Estrogen Receptor (ER) Modulators and Downregulators with Subtype-Specific ERα and ERβ Activity. J Med Chem 2017; 61:514-534. [PMID: 28426931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor α (ERα) is an important target for the design of drugs such as tamoxifen (2a) and fulvestrant (5). Three series of ER-ligands based on the benzoxepin scaffold structure were synthesized: series I containing an acrylic acid, series II with an acrylamide, and series III with a saturated carboxylic acid substituent. These compounds were shown to be high affinity ligands for the ER with nanomolar IC50 binding values. Series I acrylic acid ligands were generally ERα selective. In particular, compound 13e featuring a phenylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid substituent was shown to be antiproliferative and downregulated ERα and ERβ expression in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Interestingly, from series III, the phenoxybutyric acid derivative compound 22 was not antiproliferative and selectively downregulated ERβ. A docking study of the benzoxepin ligands was undertaken. Compound 13e is a promising lead for development as a clinically relevant SERD, while compound 22 will be a useful experimental probe for helping to elucidate the role of ERβ in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh M O'Boyle
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin , 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2 D02 R590, Ireland.,School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin , 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2 D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Irene Barrett
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin , 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2 D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Lisa M Greene
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin , 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2 D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Miriam Carr
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin , 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2 D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Darren Fayne
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin , 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2 D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Brendan Twamley
- School of Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin , 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2 D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Andrew J S Knox
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin , 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2 D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Niall O Keely
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin , 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2 D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Daniela M Zisterer
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin , 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2 D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Mary J Meegan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin , 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2 D02 R590, Ireland
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16
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Marquis L, Julien S, Blanchette-Carrière C, Baril A, Desjardins M, Carr M, Paquette T, Soucy J, Montplaisir J, Nielsen T. 0732 NIGHTMARE DISTRESS IS NEGATIVELY CORRELATED WITH REGIONAL CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW IN FRONTAL AREAS DURING AN IAPS PICTURE-VIEWING TASK. Sleep 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/sleepj/zsx050.731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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17
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Carr M, Shaw C, Nam K, Stanczak M, Lyshchik A, Forsberg F, Liu J, Lallas C, Trabulsi E, Eisenbrey J. Monitoring postablation renal cellular carcinoma using 3D contrast enhanced ultrasound and time intensity curve analysis: preliminary results. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2016.12.617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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18
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Bonello B, Carr M, Iriart X, Derrick G, Christov G, Kostolny M, Marek J. Long-term functional and myocardial assessment in patients with critical aortic valve stenosis. Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases Supplements 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1878-6480(17)30331-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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19
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Mas-Stachurska A, Slieker MG, Rosner A, Bonello B, Cieplucha A, Almeida Morais L, Morillas Climent H, Nogueira MA, Guasch E, Sitges M, Batlle M, Meirelles T, Castillo N, Rudenick P, Bijnens B, Egea G, Meza JM, Mccrindle BW, Karamlou T, Tchervenkov CI, Jacobs ML, Decampli WM, Burch PT, Mertens L, Khalapyan T, Dalen H, Mc Elhinney D, Chen S, Haeffele C, Fernandes S, Bijnens B, Friedberg M, Lui GK, Carr M, Iriart X, Ciliberti P, Christov G, Sullivan I, Derrick G, Kostolny M, Tsang V, Bull C, Giardini A, Marek J, Trojnarska O, Pyda M, Kociemba A, Lanocha M, Barczynski M, Kramer L, Grajek S, Abreu A, Agapito A, De Sousa L, Oliveira JA, Viveiros Monteiro A, Modas Daniel P, Antonio M, Jalles Tavares N, Cruz-Ferreira R, Osa Saez A, Cano Perez O, Domingo Valero D, Igual Munoz B, Martinez-Dolz L, Serrano Martinez F, Montero Argudo A, Plaza Lopez D, Rueda Soriano J, Branco LM, Timoteo AT, Oliveira M, Agapito A, Portugal G, Sousa L, Oliveira JA, Cruz Ferreira R. Rapid Fire Abstract: Congenital heart disease470Impact of training on aortic and cardiac remodelling in a murine model of Marfan syndrome: an echocardiographic study471Pre-intervention morphologic and functional echocardiographic characteristics of 651 neonates with critical left ventricular outflow tract obstruction472Ventricular geometry and function in adult patients with Fontan surgery473Long term functional and myocardial assessment of patients with critical aortic valve stenosis474Late gadolinium enhancement and exercise capacity in adults with Ebstein's anomaly475Exercise echocardiography value in the evaluation of operated aortic coarctation patients476Functional evolution of the right ventricle after pulmonary valve replacement due to significant regurgitation. Implications in the surgical moment decision477Independent predictors of arrhythmias in adult patients with surgically corrected tetralogy of fallot: role of two-dimensional and speckle-tracking echocardiography. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jew245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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20
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Carr M. Experiences of improving musculoskeletal (MSK) clinical standards: improved patient outcomes and high staff engagement. Physiotherapy 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2016.10.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Carr M, Knox AJS, Lloyd DG, Zisterer DM, Meegan MJ. Development of the β-lactam type molecular scaffold for selective estrogen receptor α modulator action: synthesis and cytotoxic effects in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:117-130. [PMID: 27476825 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1210136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) which are ligand inducible nuclear receptors are recognized as pharmaceutical targets for diseases such as osteoporosis and breast cancer. There is an increasing interest in the discovery of subtype Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs). A series of novel β-lactam compounds with estrogen receptor modulator properties have been synthesized. The antiproliferative effects of these compounds on human MCF-7 breast tumor cells are reported, together with binding affinity for the ERα and ERβ receptors. The most potent compound 15g demonstrated antiproliferative effects on MCF-7 breast tumor cells (IC50 = 186 nM) and ERα binding (IC50 = 4.3 nM) with 75-fold ERα/β receptor binding selectivity. The effect of positioning of the characteristic amine containing substituted aryl ring (on C-4 or N-1 of the β-lactam scaffold) on the antiproliferative activity and ER-binding properties of the β-lactam compounds is rationalized in a molecular modeling study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Carr
- a School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute , Trinity College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland and
| | - Andrew J S Knox
- a School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute , Trinity College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland and.,b School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute , Trinity College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
| | - David G Lloyd
- b School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute , Trinity College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Daniela M Zisterer
- b School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute , Trinity College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Mary J Meegan
- a School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute , Trinity College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland and
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22
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Keely NO, Carr M, Yassin B, Ana G, Lloyd DG, Zisterer D, Meegan MJ. Design, Synthesis and Biochemical Evaluation of Novel Selective Estrogen Receptor Ligand Conjugates Incorporating an Endoxifen-Combretastatin Hybrid Scaffold. Biomedicines 2016; 4:biomedicines4030015. [PMID: 28536383 PMCID: PMC5344255 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines4030015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear-receptors are often overexpressed in tumours and can thereby be used as targets when designing novel selective chemotherapeutic agents. To date, many conjugates incorporating an estrogen receptor (ER) ligand have been synthesised in order to direct chemical agents to tissue sites containing ERs. A series of ER ligand conjugates were synthesised incorporating an antagonistic ER ligand scaffold based on endoxifen, covalently-bound via an amide linkage to a variety of combretastatin-based analogues, which may act as antimitotic agents. These novel endoxifen-combretastatin hybrid scaffold analogues were biochemically evaluated in order to determine their antiproliferative and cytotoxicity effects in both the ER-positive MCF-7 and the ER-negative MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell lines. ER competitive binding assays were carried out to assess the binding affinity of the lead conjugate 28 towards both the ERα and ERβ isoforms. In results from the NCI 60-cell line screen, the lead conjugate 28 displayed potent and highly selective antiproliferative activity towards the MCF-7 human cancer cell line (IC50 = 5 nM). In the ER-binding assays, the lead conjugate 28 demonstrated potent ER competitive binding in ERα (IC50 value: 0.9 nM) and ERβ (IC50 value: 4.7 nM). Preliminary biochemical results also demonstrate that the lead conjugate 28 may exhibit pure antagonism. This series makes an important addition to the class of ER antagonists and may have potential applications in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niall O Keely
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Miriam Carr
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Bassem Yassin
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Gloria Ana
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - David G Lloyd
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
- Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Daniela Zisterer
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Mary J Meegan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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23
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Strom T, Carr M, Zager J, Smith F, Cruse C, Messina J, Padhya T, Rao N, Sondak V, Harrison L, Trotti A, Caudell J. Radiation Therapy Influences Outcomes in Merkel Cell Carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.07.2158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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24
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O'Boyle NM, Pollock JK, Carr M, Knox AJS, Nathwani SM, Wang S, Caboni L, Zisterer DM, Meegan MJ. β-Lactam estrogen receptor antagonists and a dual-targeting estrogen receptor/tubulin ligand. J Med Chem 2014; 57:9370-82. [PMID: 25369367 DOI: 10.1021/jm500670d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Twelve novel β-lactams were synthesized and their antiproliferative effects and binding affinity for the predominant isoforms of the estrogen receptor (ER), ERα and ERβ, were determined. β-Lactams 23 and 26 had the strongest binding affinities for ERα (IC50 values: 40 and 8 nM, respectively) and ERβ (IC50 values: 19 and 15 nM). β-Lactam 26 was the most potent in antiproliferative assays using MCF-7 breast cancer cells, and further biochemical analysis showed that it caused accumulation of cells in G2/M phase (mitotic blockade) and depolymerization of tubulin in MCF-7 cells. Compound 26 also induced apoptosis and downregulation of the expression of pro-survival proteins Bcl-2 and Mcl-1. Computational modeling predicted binding preferences for the dual ER/tubulin ligand 26. This series is an important addition to the known pool of ER antagonists and β-lactam 26 is the first reported compound that has dual-targeting properties for both the ER and tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh M O'Boyle
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology and ‡School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College , 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
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25
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Pollock JK, Verma NK, O'Boyle NM, Carr M, Meegan MJ, Zisterer DM. Combretastatin (CA)-4 and its novel analogue CA-432 impair T-cell migration through the Rho/ROCK signalling pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 92:544-57. [PMID: 25450669 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The capacity of T-lymphocytes to migrate and localise in tissues is important in their protective function against infectious agents, however, the ability of these cells to infiltrate the tumour microenvironment is a major contributing factor in the development of cancer. T-cell migration requires ligand (ICAM-1)/integrin (LFA-1) interaction, activating intracellular signalling pathways which result in a distinct polarised morphology, with an actin-rich lamellipodium and microtubule (MT)-rich uropod. Combretastatin (CA)-4 is a MT-destabilising agent that possesses potent anti-tumour properties. In this study, the effect of CA-4 and its novel analogue CA-432 on human T-cell migration was assessed. Cellular pretreatment with either of CA compounds inhibited the migration and chemotaxis of the T-cell line HuT-78 and primary peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) T-cells. This migration-inhibitory effect of CA compounds was due to the disruption of the MT network of T-cells through tubulin depolymerisation, reduced tubulin acetylation and decreased MT stability. In addition, both CA compounds induced the RhoA/RhoA associated kinase (ROCK) signalling pathway, leading to the phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC). Furthermore, the siRNA-mediated depletion of GEF-H1, a MT-associated nucleotide exchange factor that activates RhoA upon release from MTs, in T-cells prevented CA-induced phosphorylation of MLC and attenuated the formation of actin-rich membrane protrusions and cell contractility. These results suggest an important role for a GEF-H1/RhoA/ROCK/MLC signalling axis in mediating CA-induced contractility of T-cells. Therapeutic agents that target cytoskeletal proteins and are effective in inhibiting cell migration may open new avenues in the treatment of cancer and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade K Pollock
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Navin K Verma
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
| | - Niamh M O'Boyle
- School of Pharmacy, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Miriam Carr
- School of Pharmacy, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Mary J Meegan
- School of Pharmacy, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Daniela M Zisterer
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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26
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Badrick EL, Sperrin M, Carr M, Buchan IE, Renehan AG. Bias in the estimation of adult body mass index from general practice records. Eur J Public Health 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cku163.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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27
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Hassan J, Carr M, Connell J, De Gascun C. Letter to the Editor: Smoking and older age associated with mumps in an outbreak in a group of highly-vaccinated individuals attending a youth club party, the Netherlands, 2012. Euro Surveill 2014; 19. [DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2014.19.20.20807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Hassan
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Carr
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Connell
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - C De Gascun
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Ireland
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28
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Stankovic Z, Semaan E, Markl M, Carr M, Wasielewski M, Lewandowski R, Salem R, Carr J, Collins J. Initiale Ergebnisse einer quantitative Beurteilung der Leberhaemodynamik mittels k-t GRAPPA beschleunigten 4D flow MRT bei Leberzirrhosepatienten. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1372838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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29
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Topaz O, Morris C, Minisi A, Mohanty P, Carr M. Enhancement of t-PA Induced Fibrinolysis with Laser Energy: In-Vitro Observations. Lasers Med Sci 2014; 14:123-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s101030050033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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30
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Shafer F, Smith L, Vendetti N, Rendo P, Carr M. Lack of seasonal variation in bleeding and patient-assessed pain patterns in patients with haemophilia B receiving on-demand therapy. Haemophilia 2013; 20:349-53. [PMID: 24286226 PMCID: PMC4216408 DOI: 10.1111/hae.12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous haemorrhage in patients with haemophilia is generally considered to occur randomly and without a predictable temporal or seasonal pattern; however, there is a lack of evidence in the literature on the effects of weather, temperature and atmosphere on bleeding episodes. This post hoc analysis of a multicentre, open-label crossover study examined the influence of seasonality on bleeding frequency and patient-assessed pain in patients with moderately severe and severe (FIX C ≤ 2%) haemophilia B. Fifty patients were enrolled and treated on-demand for 16 weeks; 47 were subsequently randomized to one of two prophylactic regimens (nonacog alfa 100 IU kg−1 once weekly or 50 IU kg−1 twice weekly) for 16 weeks. Patients then underwent an 8-week washout period of on-demand therapy before being crossed over to the other prophylactic regimen for 16 weeks. Bleeding episodes during the on-demand treatment periods were analysed. To assess for temporal trends, data were graphed as scatter plots. The primary end point was the annualized bleeding rate (ABR). Additional measures included raw and median pain scores during every joint bleeding event (spontaneous or traumatic), with pain scored using the Brief Pain Inventory (0 = ‘no pain’ to 10 = ‘pain as bad as you can imagine’). The observed ABRs during the on-demand periods showed no distinguishable trend over time. Analysis of pain associated with joint bleeding episodes also did not demonstrate any discernible temporal trend. No apparent seasonal variation in bleeding pattern or patient-reported pain was observed in this analysis of patients with haemophilia B.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Shafer
- Pfizer Inc, Collegeville, PA, USA
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31
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Semaan E, Spottiswoode B, Freed B, Carr M, Wasielewski M, Fortney-Campione K, Shah S, Carr J, Markl M, Collins J. 1057High-resolution faster modified look-locker inversion
recovery (fast-MOLLI) for RV extracellular volume fraction at 3T: A feasibility
study. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jet070k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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32
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Carr M, Ravi V, Reddy GS, Veranna D. Machine Learning Techniques Applied to Profile Mobile Banking Users in India. International Journal of Information Systems in the Service Sector 2013. [DOI: 10.4018/jisss.2013010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This paper profiles mobile banking users using machine learning techniques viz. Decision Tree, Logistic Regression, Multilayer Perceptron, and SVM to test a research model with fourteen independent variables and a dependent variable (adoption). A survey was conducted and the results were analysed using these techniques. Using Decision Trees the profile of the mobile banking adopter’s profile was identified. Comparing different machine learning techniques it was found that Decision Trees outperformed the Logistic Regression and Multilayer Perceptron and SVM. Out of all the techniques, Decision Tree is recommended for profiling studies because apart from obtaining high accurate results, it also yields ‘if–then’ classification rules. The classification rules provided here can be used to target potential customers to adopt mobile banking by offering them appropriate incentives.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Carr
- Institute for Development and Research in Banking Technology (IDRBT), Hyderabad, India
| | - V. Ravi
- Institute for Development and Research in Banking Technology (IDRBT), Hyderabad, India
| | - G. Sridharan Reddy
- Institute for Development and Research in Banking Technology (IDRBT), Hyderabad, India
| | - D. Veranna
- Institute for Development and Research in Banking Technology (IDRBT), Hyderabad, India
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33
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Roche SE, Wicks R, Garner MG, East IJ, Paskin R, Moloney BJ, Carr M, Kirkland P. Descriptive overview of the 2011 epidemic of arboviral disease in horses in Australia. Aust Vet J 2012; 91:5-13. [DOI: 10.1111/avj.12018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- SE Roche
- Animal Health Policy Branch; Department of Agriculture; Fisheries and Forestry; Canberra; Australian Capital Territory; Australia
| | - R Wicks
- Animal Health Policy Branch; Department of Agriculture; Fisheries and Forestry; Canberra; Australian Capital Territory; Australia
| | - MG Garner
- Animal Health Policy Branch; Department of Agriculture; Fisheries and Forestry; Canberra; Australian Capital Territory; Australia
| | - IJ East
- Animal Health Policy Branch; Department of Agriculture; Fisheries and Forestry; Canberra; Australian Capital Territory; Australia
| | - R Paskin
- Chief Veterinary Officer's Unit; Department of Primary Industries; Attwood; Victoria; Australia
| | - BJ Moloney
- Animal Biosecurity; NSW Department of Primary Industries; Orange; New South Wales; Australia
| | - M Carr
- Biosecurity SA; Department of Primary Industries and Regions; Glenside; South Australia; Australia
| | - P Kirkland
- Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute; NSW Department of Primary Industries; Menangle; New South Wales; Australia
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Nathwani SM, Hughes L, Greene LM, Carr M, O'Boyle NM, McDonnell S, Meegan MJ, Zisterer DM. Novel cis-restricted β-lactam combretastatin A-4 analogues display anti-vascular and anti-metastatic properties in vitro. Oncol Rep 2012; 29:585-94. [PMID: 23232969 DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.2181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Combretastatin A-4 (CA-4) is a naturally occurring microtubular-destabilising agent that possesses potent anti-tumour and anti-vascular properties both in vitro and in vivo. Clinical trials to date indicate that its water-soluble prodrug, combretastatin A-4 phosphate (CA-4P), is well tolerated at therapeutically useful doses. However, the stilbenoid structure of CA-4, consisting of two phenyl rings linked by an ethylene bridge, renders the compound readily susceptible to isomerisation from its biologically active cis-conformation to its more thermodynamically stable but inactive trans-isomer. To circumvent this problem, we synthesised a series of cis-restricted CA-4 analogues. Replacement of the ethylene bridge with a 1,4-diaryl-2-azetidinone (β-lactam) ring provided a rigid scaffold thus preventing cis-trans isomerisation. We previously documented that these tubulin-depolymerising β-lactam compounds potently induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in a variety of cancerous cell lines (including those displaying multidrug resistance) and ex vivo patient samples, whilst exerting only minimal toxicity to normal cells. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effect of the β-lactam compounds on both tumour vascularisation and tumour cell migration, two critical elements that occur during the growth and metastatic progression of tumours. We established that two representative β-lactam compounds, CA-104 and CA-432, exerted both anti-endothelial effects [G2/M arrest and apoptosis of primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)] and anti-angiogenic effects [inhibition of HUVEC migration and differentiation and reduced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) release from MDA-MB-231 breast adenocarcinoma cells]. In addition, we established that lead analogue, CA-432, abrogated the migration of MDA-MB-231 cells indicating an anti-metastatic function for these compounds. In summary, our results to date collectively indicate that these cis-restricted β-lactam CA-4 analogues may prove to be useful alternatives to CA-4 in the treatment of cancer but with the added advantage of improved stability of the cis-isomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema-Maria Nathwani
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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35
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Abstract
Lemierre's syndrome is usually reported in the young and in fit individuals. We report a case of an 81-year-old woman who presented with thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein with a pulmonary embolism.
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36
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Kinsella K, Kelly SB, DeGascun CF, Carr M, Duggan M, Hutchinson M, Tubridy N, McGuigan C. 0854 The sensitivity of JC virus DNA detection vs JC virus antibody testing in a natalizumab-treated group of relapsing MS patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2011-301993.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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37
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Caboni L, Kinsella GK, Blanco F, Fayne D, Jagoe WN, Carr M, Williams DC, Meegan MJ, Lloyd DG. "True" antiandrogens-selective non-ligand-binding pocket disruptors of androgen receptor-coactivator interactions: novel tools for prostate cancer. J Med Chem 2012; 55:1635-44. [PMID: 22280402 PMCID: PMC3295204 DOI: 10.1021/jm201438f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
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Prostate cancer (PCa) therapy typically involves administration
of “classical” antiandrogens, competitive inhibitors
of androgen receptor (AR) ligands, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and testosterone
(tes), for the ligand-binding pocket (LBP) in the ligand-binding domain
(LBD) of AR. Prolonged LBP-targeting leads to resistance, and alternative
therapies are urgently required. We report the identification and
characterization of a novel series of diarylhydrazides as selective
disruptors of AR interaction with coactivators through application
of structure and ligand-based virtual screening. Compounds demonstrate
full (“true”) antagonism in AR with low micromolar potency,
selectivity over estrogen receptors α and β and glucocorticoid
receptor, and partial antagonism of the progesterone receptor. MDG506
(5) demonstrates low cellular toxicity in PCa models
and dose responsive reduction of classical antiandrogen-induced prostate
specific antigen expression. These data provide compelling evidence
for such non-LBP intervention as an alternative approach or in combination
with classical PCa therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Caboni
- Molecular Design Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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38
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Fernandes AR, Tlustos C, Rose M, Smith F, Carr M, Panton S. Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) in Irish foods: Occurrence and human dietary exposure. Chemosphere 2011; 85:322-328. [PMID: 21783225 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.06.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of selected polychlorinated naphthalene (PCN) congeners (PCNs 52, 53, 66/67, 68, 69, 71/72, 73, 74 and 75) were determined in 100 commonly consumed foods, in the first study on occurrence of these contaminants in the Republic of Ireland. Congener selection was based on current knowledge on PCN occurrence and toxicology, and the availability of reliable reference standards. The determinations were carried out using validated analytical methodology based on 13C10 labelled internal standardisation and measurement by HRGC-HRMS. The results showed PCN occurrence in the majority of studied foods--milk, fish, dairy and meat products, eggs, animal fat, shellfish, offal, vegetables, cereal products, etc. ranging from 0.09 ng kg(-1) whole weight for milk to 59.3 ng kg(-1) whole weight for fish, for the sum of the measured PCNs. The most frequently detected congeners were PCNs 66/67, PCN 52, and PCN 73. The highest concentrations were observed in fish, which generally showed congener profiles that reflect some commercial mixtures. The data compares well with other recently reported data for Western Europe. The dioxin-like toxicity (PCN TEQ) associated with these concentrations is lower than that reported for chlorinated dioxins or PCBs in food from Ireland. The dietary exposure of the Irish adult population to PCNs was calculated following a probabilistic approach, using the full dataset of occurrence and current consumption data. The estimates of dietary intakes at approximately 0.14 pg TEQ kg bw(-1) month(-1) for adults on an average diet, reflects the relatively lower occurrence levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Fernandes
- Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK.
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O’Boyle NM, Carr M, Greene LM, Keely NO, Knox AJ, McCabe T, Lloyd DG, Zisterer DM, Meegan MJ. Synthesis, biochemical and molecular modelling studies of antiproliferative azetidinones causing microtubule disruption and mitotic catastrophe. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:4595-607. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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40
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Fontaine E, McShane J, Carr M, Shackcloth M, Mediratta N, Page R, Poullis M. Should we operate on microscopic N2 non-small cell lung cancer? Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2011; 12:956-61; discussion 961. [DOI: 10.1510/icvts.2010.255323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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41
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Carney K, Light D, Carr M. A study of male breast cancer in a district general hospital. Eur J Surg Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2011.03.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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42
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Greene LM, Carr M, Keeley NO, Lawler M, Meegan MJ, Zisterer DM. BubR1 is required for the mitotic block induced by combretastatin-A4 and a novel cis-restricted ß-lactam analogue in human cancer cells. Int J Mol Med 2011; 27:715-23. [PMID: 21369694 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2011.633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BubR1 is a well-defined guardian of the mitotic spindle, initiating mitotic arrest in response to the lack of tension and/or chromosome alignment across the mitotic plate. However, the role of BubR1 in combretastatin-induced cell death remains unknown. In this study, we describe the effects of combretastatin A-4 (CA-4) and a synthetic cis-restricted 3,4-diaryl-2-azetidinone (ß-lactam) analogue (CA-432) on the modulation and phosphorylation of BubR1 in human cervical cancer-derived cells. We demonstrate that CA-4 and CA-432 depolymerise the microtubular network of human cervical carcinoma-derived cells. Both compounds induced the disassembly of the microtubules and the loss of microtubule tension led to the early phosphorylation of BubR1 and the late cleavage of BubR1. The phosphorylation of BubR1 correlated with the onset of G2M cell cycle arrest whilst the cleavage of BubR1 coincided with apoptosis induced by the combretastatins. The combretastatin-induced apoptosis and the BubR1 cleavage were caspase-dependent. In vitro enzyme digests demonstrated that combretastatin-activated BubR1 is a substrate for caspase-3. Gene silencing of BubR1 with small interfering RNA severely compromised combretastatin-induced G2M cell cycle arrest with a corresponding increase in the formation of polyploid cells in both cervical and breast cancer-derived cells. In summary, BubR1 is required to maintain the G2M arrest and limit the formation of polyploid cells in response to continued combretastatin exposure. Moreover, substitution of the ethylene bridge with 3,4-diaryl-2-azetidinone did not alter the tubulin depolymerising properties or the subsequent mitotic spindle checkpoint response to CA-4 in human cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Greene
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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43
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Flood C, Ufnar J, Wang S, Johnson J, Carr M, Ellender R. Lack of correlation between enterococcal counts and the presence of human specific fecal markers in Mississippi creek and coastal waters. Water Res 2011; 45:872-878. [PMID: 20950837 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Revised: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 09/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine whether statistically valid correlations could be shown between enterococcal counts of samples from creek and coastal sites and the presence of two molecular, library-independent markers that specify human and/or sewage pollution. Four hundred ninety samples were collected between August 2007 and April 2009 to determine enterococcal counts and the presence of genetic markers for the sewage indicator organisms Methanobrevibacter smithii and Bacteroidales. The presence of human/sewage markers and enterococcal counts were higher in creek samples than coastal samples, but the higher creek levels did not statistically correlate with the either enterococcal count or the presence of the markers present in coastal samples. Furthermore, there was no correlation between enterococcal counts in coastal samples and either marker at any of the beach sites tested. The results of this investigation in Mississippi coastal waters suggest that human/sewage markers are unlikely to correlate with enterococci counts in the nearshore environment and that enterococcal counts may be indicative of other animal or environmental sources. Additionally, a study comparing conventional gel electrophoresis with capillary electrophoresis did not convincingly establish that one method was better than the other in regard to the results obtained. The capillary method does allow reproducibility of results and the ability to analyze multiple samples in a short period of time; however, the operational expenditures exceed the cost of traditional gel electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Flood
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406-001, USA
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White V, Carney K, Hollingsworth A, Tenna AS, McClean N, Carr M, Youssef M. Breast reconstruction for breast cancer patients. An audit of services in a non-screening district general hospital. Int J Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2011.07.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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45
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Raghavendra GKG, Sreenivasa RH, Ashok K, Chitsabesan P, McLean NR, Youssef M, Piper M, Carr M. Surgically placed wound catheters (SPWC) and local anaesthetic infusion in breast surgery: efficacy and safety analysis. Breast Dis 2011; 33:1-8. [PMID: 21965305 DOI: 10.3233/bd-2010-0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of surgically placed wound catheters (SPWC) and local anaesthetic infusion in the management of post-operative pain following breast surgery is controversial. This meta-analysis was performed to assess efficacy SPWC compared to other techniques of pain management. MATERIAL AND METHODS The meta-analysis included randomised control trials that compared SPWC with other forms of pain control. Post-operative opioid requirements and pain measured in visual analogue scale (VAS) were analysed using Comprehensive Meta-analysis Software version 2. Literature was reviewed for the safety of the SPWC and local anaesthetic infusion. RESULTS Four randomised controlled trials evaluating 147 women were included in the final analysis. The overall standard difference in means was 0.094 and 0.033 for post-operative opioid requirement and pain respectively favouring the SPWC and local anaesthetic infusion group. It is a safe technique with no major adverse events as a result. CONCLUSION Surgically placed wound catheters and local anaesthetic infusion is clinically safe in a wide range of surgical procedures on the breast and there appears to be a trend towards improved post operative pain relief. The studies analyzed in this review have several important drawbacks such as inadequate power to detect significant differences (none of them included more than 50 patients). A well designed RCT of patients undergoing breast surgery with an adequate number is of patients required to emphatically demonstrate if the operative site infusion with local anaesthetic solution postoperatively is safe and efficacious compared to opioid based regimens alone for post operative pain relief.
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46
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White V, Harvey JR, Griffith CDM, Youssef M, Carr M. Sentinel lymph node biopsy in early breast cancer surgery--working with the risks of vital blue dye to reap the benefits. Eur J Surg Oncol 2010; 37:101-8. [PMID: 21195576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2010.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Revised: 11/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is an important method of staging early breast cancer because of the inherent benefits it confers on patients in terms of arm function and quality of life. Its success depends on a high level of accuracy in detecting the sentinel node. This is achieved by a dual mapping technique that employs a radio-labelled nanocolloid and a vital blue dye. The vital dyes however carry the risk of anaphylaxis, and as more surgeons employ SLNB in their daily practice, a proportionate rise in the number of anaphylactic reactions can be expected. A comprehensive review of risks and benefits associated with using vital blues dyes has not been published and therefore a retrospective review was undertaken of the different levels of anaphylaxis associated with vital dyes as well as their benefits in SLNB. METHODS An OVID MEDLINE search was performed of the English published literature using appropriate search terms to find published trial data and case series that focused on adverse reactions to vital blue dyes. RESULTS The risk of severe anaphylaxis (grade 3) can be as low as 0.06%, and up to 0.4% for patients undergoing SLNB when data is analysed from large trials. Furthermore, adverse reactions associated with blue dyes are reversible with appropriate management. CONCLUSIONS Surgeons should continue to use vital dyes to ensure that SLNB remains a highly sensitive procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- V White
- Department of Breast Surgery, Wansbeck General Hospital, Woodhorn Lane, Ashington NE63 9JJ, United Kingdom.
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47
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O'Boyle NM, Carr M, Greene LM, Bergin O, Nathwani SM, McCabe T, Lloyd DG, Zisterer DM, Meegan MJ. Synthesis and evaluation of azetidinone analogues of combretastatin A-4 as tubulin targeting agents. J Med Chem 2010; 53:8569-84. [PMID: 21080725 DOI: 10.1021/jm101115u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and antiproliferative activity of a new series of rigid analogues of combretastatin A-4 are described which contain the 1,4-diaryl-2-azetidinone (β-lactam) ring system in place of the usual ethylene bridge present in the natural combretastatin stilbene products. These novel compounds are also substituted at position 3 of the β-lactam ring with an aryl ring. A number of analogues showed potent nanomolar activity in human MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines, displayed in vitro inhibition of tubulin polymerization, and did not cause significant cytotoxicity in normal murine breast epithelial cells. 4-(4-Methoxyaryl)-substituted compound 32, 4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyaryl)-substituted compounds 35 and 41, and the 3-(4-aminoaryl)-substituted compounds 46 and 47 displayed the most potent antiproliferative activity of the series. β-Lactam 41 in particular showed subnanomolar activity in MCF-7 breast cancer cells (IC₅₀= 0.8 nM) together with significant in vitro inhibition of tubulin polymerization and has been selected for further biochemical assessment. These novel β-lactam compounds are identified as potentially useful scaffolds for the further development of antitumor agents that target tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh M O'Boyle
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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48
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Guru Raghavendra GK, White V, Harvey J, Youssef M, Wotherspoon W, Carr M. Efficacy of intra-operative wire localisation of breast lesions using ultrasound. Eur J Surg Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2010.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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49
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Greene LM, Nathwani SM, Bright SA, Fayne D, Croke A, Gagliardi M, McElligott AM, O'Connor L, Carr M, Keely NO, O'Boyle NM, Carroll P, Sarkadi B, Conneally E, Lloyd DG, Lawler M, Meegan MJ, Zisterer DM. The Vascular Targeting Agent Combretastatin-A4 and a Novel cis-Restricted β-Lactam Analogue, CA-432, Induce Apoptosis in Human Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells and Ex Vivo Patient Samples Including Those Displaying Multidrug Resistance. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010; 335:302-13. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.170415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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50
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Barrett I, Carr M, O'Boyle N, Greene LM, Knox AJS, Lloyd DG, Zisterer DM, Meegan MJ. Lead identification of conformationally restricted benzoxepin type combretastatin analogs: synthesis, antiproliferative activity, and tubulin effects. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2010; 25:180-94. [PMID: 20222762 DOI: 10.3109/14756360903169659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have synthesized a series of polymethoxylated rigid analogs of combretastatin A-4 which contain a benzoxepin ring in place of the usual ethylene bridge present in the natural combretastatin products. The compounds display antiproliferative activity when evaluated against the MCF-7 and MDA human breast carcinoma cell lines. 5-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-benzoxepine (11g) was found to be the most potent product when evaluated against the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. A brief computational study of the structure-activity relationship for the synthesized compounds is presented. These 4,5-diarylbenzoxepins are identified as potentially useful scaffolds for the further development of antitumor agents which target tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Barrett
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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