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Karimova NV, Luo M, Sit I, Grassian VH, Gerber RB. Absorption Spectra and the Electronic Structure of Gallic Acid in Water at Different pH: Experimental Data and Theoretical Cluster Models. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:190-197. [PMID: 34990547 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c07333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gallic acid (GA) has been characterized in terms of its optical properties in aqueous solutions at varying pH in experiments and in theoretical calculations by analyzing the protonated and deprotonated forms of GA. This work is part of a series of studies of the optical properties of different carboxylic acids in aqueous media. The experimental electronic spectra of GA exhibit two strong well-separated absorption peaks (B- and C-bands), which agree with previous studies. However, in the current study, an additional well-defined low-energy shoulder band (A-band) in the optical spectra of GA was identified. It is likely that the A-band occurs for other carboxylic acids in solution, but because it can overlap with the B-band, it is difficult to discern. The theoretical calculations based on density functional theory were used to simulate the optical absorption spectra of GA in water at different pH to prove the existence of this newly found shoulder band and to describe and characterize the full experimental optical spectra of GA. Different cluster models were tested: (i) all water molecules are coordinated near the carboxy-group and (ii) additional water molecules near the hydroxy-groups of the phenyl ring were included. In this study, we found that both the polarizable continuum model (dielectric property of a medium) and neighboring water molecules (hydrogen-bonding) play significant roles in the optical spectrum. The results showed that only an extended cluster model with water molecules near carboxy- and hydroxy-groups together with the polarizable continuum model allowed us to fully reproduce the experimental data and capture all three absorption bands (A, B, and C). The oscillator strengths of the absorption bands were obtained from the experimental data and compared with theoretical results. Additionally, our work provides a detailed interpretation of the pH effects observed in the experimental absorption spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Karimova
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Man Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Izaac Sit
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Vicki H Grassian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - R Benny Gerber
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Institute of Chemistry and Fritz Haber Research Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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2
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Cathepsin D inhibitors based on tasiamide B derivatives with cell membrane permeability. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 57:116646. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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3
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Alizadeh A, Rezaiyehraad R. Recyclization of 3-formylchromone with phenacyl thiocyanate: fast and efficient access to thiophenes and 2-aminothiophenes bearing o-acylphenol moiety. J Sulphur Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2021.2007920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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4
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5
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Goyal S, Patel KV, Nagare Y, Raykar DB, Raikar SS, Dolas A, Khurana P, Cyriac R, Sarak S, Gangar M, Agarwal AK, Kulkarni A. Identification and structure-activity relationship studies of small molecule inhibitors of the human cathepsin D. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 29:115879. [PMID: 33271453 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cathepsin D, an aspartyl protease, is an attractive therapeutic target for various diseases, primarily cancer and osteoarthritis. However, despite several small molecule cathepsin D inhibitors being developed, that are highly potent, most of them show poor microsomal stability, which in turn limits their clinical translation. Herein, we describe the design, optimization and evaluation of a series of novel non-peptidic acylguanidine based small molecule inhibitors of cathepsin D. Optimization of our hit compound 1a (IC50 = 29 nM) led to the highly potent mono sulphonamide analogue 4b (IC50 = 4 nM), however with poor microsomal stability (HLM: 177 and MLM: 177 μl/min/mg). To further improve the microsomal stability while retaining the potency, we carried out an extensive structure-activity relationship screen which led to the identification of our optimised lead 24e (IC50 = 45 nM), with an improved microsomal stability (HLM: 59.1 and MLM: 86.8 μl/min/mg). Our efforts reveal that 24e could be a good starting point or potential candidate for further preclinical studies against diseases where Cathepsin D plays an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yadav Nagare
- Aten Porus Lifesciences, Bangalore 560068, India
| | | | | | - Atul Dolas
- Aten Porus Lifesciences, Bangalore 560068, India
| | | | | | - Sharad Sarak
- Aten Porus Lifesciences, Bangalore 560068, India
| | | | - Anil K Agarwal
- Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Aditya Kulkarni
- Aten Porus Lifesciences, Bangalore 560068, India; Avaliv Therapeutics, Naples, FL, USA.
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6
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Recent developments of gallic acid derivatives and their hybrids in medicinal chemistry: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 204:112609. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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7
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Houštecká R, Hadzima M, Fanfrlík J, Brynda J, Pallová L, Hánová I, Mertlíková-Kaiserová H, Lepšík M, Horn M, Smrčina M, Majer P, Mareš M. Biomimetic Macrocyclic Inhibitors of Human Cathepsin D: Structure-Activity Relationship and Binding Mode Analysis. J Med Chem 2020; 63:1576-1596. [PMID: 32003991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Human cathepsin D (CatD), a pepsin-family aspartic protease, plays an important role in tumor progression and metastasis. Here, we report the development of biomimetic inhibitors of CatD as novel tools for regulation of this therapeutic target. We designed a macrocyclic scaffold to mimic the spatial conformation of the minimal pseudo-dipeptide binding motif of pepstatin A, a microbial oligopeptide inhibitor, in the CatD active site. A library of more than 30 macrocyclic peptidomimetic inhibitors was employed for scaffold optimization, mapping of subsite interactions, and profiling of inhibitor selectivity. Furthermore, we solved high-resolution crystal structures of three macrocyclic inhibitors with low nanomolar or subnanomolar potency in complex with CatD and determined their binding mode using quantum chemical calculations. The study provides a new structural template and functional profile that can be exploited for design of potential chemotherapeutics that specifically inhibit CatD and related aspartic proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Houštecká
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 16610 Praha 6 , Czech Republic.,First Faculty of Medicine , Charles University , Kateřinská 32 , 12108 Praha 2 , Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hadzima
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 16610 Praha 6 , Czech Republic.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Charles University , Albertov 6 , 12800 Praha 2 , Czech Republic
| | - Jindřich Fanfrlík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 16610 Praha 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Brynda
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 16610 Praha 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Pallová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 16610 Praha 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Iva Hánová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 16610 Praha 6 , Czech Republic.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science , Charles University , Albertov 6 , 12800 Praha 2 , Czech Republic
| | - Helena Mertlíková-Kaiserová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 16610 Praha 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Martin Lepšík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 16610 Praha 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Martin Horn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 16610 Praha 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Martin Smrčina
- Tucson Research Center , Icagen Inc. , 2090 E. Innovation Park Drive , Oro Valley , Arizona 85755 , United States
| | - Pavel Majer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 16610 Praha 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Michael Mareš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 16610 Praha 6 , Czech Republic
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Li Z, Bao K, Xu H, Wu P, Li W, Liu J, Zhang W. Design, synthesis, and bioactivities of tasiamide B derivatives as cathepsin D inhibitors. J Pept Sci 2019; 25:e3154. [PMID: 30734395 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cathepsin D (Cath D) is overexpressed and hypersecreted by malignant tumors and involved in the progress of tumor invasion, proliferation, metastasis, and apoptosis. Cath D has been considered as a potential target to treat cancer. Our previous studies revealed that tasiamide B derivatives TB-9 and TB-11 exhibited high potent inhibition against Cath D and other aspartic proteases, but their molecular weights are still high, and the role of each residue is unknown yet. Based on this, two series of tasiamide B derivatives have been designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their inhibitory activity against Cath D/Cath E/BACE1. Enzymatic assays revealed that the target compound 1 with lower molecule weight showed good inhibitory activity against Cath D with IC50 of 3.29 nM and satisfactory selectivity over Cath E (72-fold) and BACE1 (295-fold), which could be a valuable template for the design of highly potent and selective Cath D inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Keting Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Hybrid 2D/3D-quantitative structure-activity relationship and modeling studies perspectives of pepstatin A analogs as cathepsin D inhibitors. Future Med Chem 2017; 10:5-26. [PMID: 29235371 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Cathepsin D, one of the attractive targets in the treatment of breast cancer, has been implicated in HIV neuropathogenesis with potential proteolytic effects on chemokines. Methodology/result: Diverse modeling tools were used to reveal the key structural features affecting the inhibitory activities of 78 pepstatin A analogs. Analyses were performed to investigate the stability, rationality and fluctuation of the analogs. Results showed a clear correlation between the experimental and predicted activities of the analogs as well as the variation in their activities relative to structural modifications. CONCLUSION The insight gained from this study offers theoretical references for understanding the mechanism of action of cathepsin D and will aid in the design of more potent and clinically-relevant drugs. Graphical abstract [Formula: see text].
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10
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Xu H, Bao K, Tang S, Ai J, Hu H, Zhang W. Cyanobacterial peptides as a prototype for the design of cathepsin D inhibitors. J Pept Sci 2017; 23:701-706. [PMID: 28585417 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsin D (Cath D) is overexpressed and secreted in a number of solid tumors and involved in the progress of tumor invasion, proliferation, metastasis, and apoptosis. Inhibition of Cath D is regarded as an attractive pathway for the development of novel anticancer drugs. Our previous studies revealed that tasiamide B, a cyanobacterial peptide that contained a statine-like unit, exhibited good inhibition against Cath D and other aspartic proteases. Using this natural product as prototype, we designed and synthesized three new analogs, which bear isophthalic acid fragment at the N-terminus and isobutyl amine (1), cyclopropyl amine (2), or 3-methoxybenzyl amine (3) moiety at the C-terminus. Enzymatic assays revealed that all these three compounds showed moderate-to-good inhibition against Cath D, with IC50 s of 15, 884, and 353 nM, respectively. Notably, compound 1 showed extreme selectivity for Cath D with 576-fold over Cath E and 554-fold over BACE1, which could be a valuable template for the design of highly potent and selective Cath D inhibitors. Additionally, compound 1 showed moderated activity against HeLa cell lines with IC50 of 41.8 μM. Copyright © 2017 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Keting Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shuai Tang
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jing Ai
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
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11
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Ji K, Yang F, Gao S, Tang J, Gao J. Gold‐Catalyzed Oxidation/C−H Functionalization of Ynones: Efficient and Rapid Access to Functionalized Polycyclic Salicyl Ketones. Chemistry 2016; 22:10225-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kegong Ji
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology College of Science Northwest A&F University 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 7 12100 Shaanxi P.R. China
| | - Fang Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology College of Science Northwest A&F University 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 7 12100 Shaanxi P.R. China
| | - Shiyue Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology College of Science Northwest A&F University 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 7 12100 Shaanxi P.R. China
| | - Jiangjiang Tang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology College of Science Northwest A&F University 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 7 12100 Shaanxi P.R. China
| | - Jinming Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology College of Science Northwest A&F University 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 7 12100 Shaanxi P.R. China
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12
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Synthesis, antioxidant and cathepsin D inhibition activity of quaternary ammonium chitosan derivatives. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 136:884-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.09.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Xie Y. Acylation of Csp2–H bond with acyl sources derived from alkynes: Rh–Cu bimetallic catalyzed CC bond cleavage. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:12372-12375. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05769a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Acylation of Csp2–H bond with acyl sources derived from alkynes: Rh–Cu bimetallic catalyzed CC bond cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xie
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Sichuan University of Science & Engineering
- Zigong 643000
- China
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14
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Pardeshi S, Dhodapkar R, Kumar A. Quantum chemical density functional theory studies on the molecular structure and vibrational spectra of Gallic acid imprinted polymers. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 116:562-573. [PMID: 23978741 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Gallic acid (GA) is known by its antioxidant, anticarcinogenic properties and scavenger activity against several types of harmful free radicals. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are used in separation of a pure compound from complex matrices. A stable template-monomer complex generates the MIPs with the highest affinity and selectivity for the template. The quantum chemical computations based on density functional theory (DFT) was used on the template Gallic acid (GA), monomer acrylic acid (AA) and GA-AA complex to study the nature of interactions involved in the GA-AA complex. B3LYP/6-31+G(2d,2p) model chemistry was used to optimize their structures and frequency calculations. The effect of porogen acetonitrile (ACN) on complex formation was included by using polarizable continuum model (PCM). The results demonstrated the formation of a stable GA-AA complex through the intermolecular hydrogen bonding between carboxylic acid groups of GA and AA. The Mulliken atomic charge analysis and simulated vibrational spectra also supported the stable hydrogen bonding interaction between the carboxylic acid groups of GA and AA with minimal interference of porogen ACN. Further, simulations on GA-AA mole ratio revealed that 1:4 GA-AA was optimum for synthesis of MIP for GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Pardeshi
- Chemistry Department, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur 440010, India
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15
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Inhibition of Cathepsin D protease activity by Punica granatum fruit peel extracts, isolates, and semisynthetic analogs. Med Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0397-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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16
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Anticancer activity, toxicity and pharmacokinetic profile of an indanone derivative. Eur J Pharm Sci 2012; 47:988-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Masoud MS, Hagagg SS, Ali AE, Nasr NM. Solvatochromic behavior of the electronic absorption spectra of gallic acid and some of its azo derivatives. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 94:256-264. [PMID: 22516126 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The electronic absorption spectra of gallic acid and its azo derivatives have been studied in various solvents of different polarities. Multiple regression techniques were applied to calculate the regression and correlation coefficients based on an equation that relates the wavenumbers of the absorption band maxima (υ(max)(-)) to the solvent parameters; refractive index (n), dielectric constant (D), empirical Kamlet-Taft solvent parameters, π*(dipolarity/polarizability), α (solvent hydrogen-bond donor acidity) and β (solvent hydrogen-bond acceptor basicity). The fitting coefficient obtained from this analysis allows estimating the contribution of each type of interactions relative to total spectral shifts in solution. The dependence of υ(max)(-) on the solvent parameters indicates that the obtained bands are affected by specific and non-specific solute-solvent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamdouh S Masoud
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Synthesis and anticancer activity of 2-benzylidene indanones through inhibiting tubulin polymerization. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:3049-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Pharmacophore modeling, molecular docking, QSAR, and in silico ADMET studies of gallic acid derivatives for immunomodulatory activity. J Mol Model 2011; 18:2513-25. [PMID: 22038459 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-011-1265-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Immunomodulation refers to an alteration in the immune response due to the intrusion of foreign molecules into the body. In the present communication, QSAR and docking studies of gallic acid derivatives were performed in relation to their immunomodulatory activities. Screening through the use of a QSAR model suggested that the compounds G-4, G-7, G-9, G-10, G-12, and G-13 possess immunomodulatory activity. Activity was predicted using a statistical model developed by the forward stepwise multiple linear regression method. The correlation coefficient (r(2)) and the prediction accuracy (rCV(2)) of the QSAR model were 0.99 and 0.96, respectively. The QSAR study indicated that chemical descriptors-dipole moment, steric energy, amide group count, λ(max) (UV-visible) and molar refractivity-are well correlated with activity, while decreases in the dipole moment, steric energy, and molar refractivity were negatively correlated. A molecular docking study showed that the compounds had high binding affinities for the INFα-2, IL-6, and IL-4 receptors. Binding site residues formed H-bonds with the designed gallic acid derivatives G-3, G-4, G-5, G-6, G-7, and G-10. Moreover, based on screening for oral bioavailability, in silico ADME, and toxicity risk assessment, we concluded that compound G-7 exhibits marked immunomodulatory activity, comparable to levamisole.
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Masson O, Bach AS, Derocq D, Prébois C, Laurent-Matha V, Pattingre S, Liaudet-Coopman E. Pathophysiological functions of cathepsin D: Targeting its catalytic activity versus its protein binding activity? Biochimie 2010; 92:1635-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2010.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2010] [Accepted: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Saxena HO, Faridi U, Srivastava S, Kumar JK, Darokar MP, Luqman S, Chanotiya CS, Krishna V, Negi AS, Khanuja SPS. Gallic acid-based indanone derivatives as anticancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:3914-8. [PMID: 18586491 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2008] [Revised: 05/15/2008] [Accepted: 06/11/2008] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gallic acid-based indanone derivatives have been synthesised. Some of the indanones showed very good anticancer activity in MTT assay. Compounds 10, 11, 12 and 14 possessed potent anticancer activity against various human cancer cell lines. The most potent indanone (10, IC(50)=2.2 microM), against MCF-7, that is, hormone-dependent breast cancer cell line, showed no toxicity to human erythrocytes even at higher concentrations (100 microg/ml, 258 microM). While, indanones 11, 12 and 14 showed toxicities to erythrocytes at higher concentrations.
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