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Zhuang Z, Liu S, Cheng J, Yeung K, Qiao JX, Meanwell NA, Yu J. Ligand‐Enabled β‐C(sp
3
)−H Lactamization of Tosyl‐Protected Aliphatic Amides Using a Practical Oxidant. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207354. [PMID: 35790471 PMCID: PMC9439703 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The development of C(sp3)−H functionalization reactions that use common protecting groups and practical oxidants remains a significant challenge. Herein we report a monoprotected aminoethyl thioether (MPAThio) ligand‐enabled β‐C(sp3)−H lactamization of tosyl‐protected aliphatic amides using tert‐butyl hydrogen peroxide (TBHP) as the sole oxidant. This protocol features exceedingly mild reaction conditions, reliable scalability, and the use of practical oxidants and protecting groups. Further derivatization of the β‐lactam products enables the synthesis of a range of biologically important motifs including β‐amino acids, γ‐amino alcohols, and azetidines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Jin‐Tang Cheng
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Kap‐Sun Yeung
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development 100 Binney Street Cambridge MA 02142 USA
| | - Jennifer X. Qiao
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development P.O. Box 4000 Princeton NJ 08543 USA
| | - Nicholas A. Meanwell
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development P.O. Box 4000 Princeton NJ 08543 USA
| | - Jin‐Quan Yu
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
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2
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Zhuang Z, Liu S, Cheng JT, Yeung KS, Qiao JX, Meanwell NA, Yu JQ. Ligand‐Enabled β‐C(sp3)−H Lactamization of Tosyl‐Protected Aliphatic Amides Using a Practical Oxidant. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhuang
- The Scripps Research Institute Department of Chemistry 10550 N Torrey Pines Road 92037 La jolla UNITED STATES
| | - Shuang Liu
- The Scripps Research Institute Department of Chemistry 10550 N Torrey Pines Road 92037 La jolla UNITED STATES
| | - Jin-Tang Cheng
- The Scripps Research Institute Department of Chemistry 10550 N Torrey Pines Road 92037 La jolla UNITED STATES
| | - Kap-Sun Yeung
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development UNITED STATES
| | - Jennifer X. Qiao
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Research and Early Development UNITED STATES
| | | | - Jin-Quan Yu
- The Scripps Research Institute chemistry 10550 N Torrey Pines Road 92037 La Jolla UNITED STATES
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3
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Almaraz-Girón MA, Calderón-Jaimes E, Carrillo AS, Díaz-Cervantes E, Alonso EC, Islas-Jácome A, Domínguez-Ortiz A, Castañón-Alonso SL. Search for Non-Protein Protease Inhibitors Constituted with an Indole and Acetylene Core. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133817. [PMID: 34201422 PMCID: PMC8270299 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A possible inhibitor of proteases, which contains an indole core and an aromatic polar acetylene, was designed and synthesized. This indole derivative has a molecular architecture kindred to biologically relevant species and was obtained through five synthetic steps with an overall yield of 37% from the 2,2'-(phenylazanediyl)di(ethan-1-ol). The indole derivative was evaluated through docking assays using the main protease (SARS-CoV-2-Mpro) as a molecular target, which plays a key role in the replication process of this virus. Additionally, the indole derivative was evaluated as an inhibitor of the enzyme kallikrein 5 (KLK5), which is a serine protease that can be considered as an anticancer drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A. Almaraz-Girón
- Departament de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México C.P. 09340, Mexico; (M.A.A.-G.); (A.I.-J.); (A.D.-O.)
| | - Ernesto Calderón-Jaimes
- Laboratory de Investigación en Inmunoquímica, Unidad de Investigación en Inmunología Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Calle Dr. Márquez Nº 162, Col. Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, Ciudad de México C.P. 06720, Mexico; (A.S.C.); (E.C.A.)
- Correspondence: (E.C.-J.); (E.D.-C.); (S.L.C.-A.); Tel.: +52-55-5804-4600 (S.L.C.-A.)
| | - Adrián Sánchez Carrillo
- Laboratory de Investigación en Inmunoquímica, Unidad de Investigación en Inmunología Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Calle Dr. Márquez Nº 162, Col. Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, Ciudad de México C.P. 06720, Mexico; (A.S.C.); (E.C.A.)
| | - Erik Díaz-Cervantes
- Centro Interdisciplinario del Noreste, Departament de Alimentos, Universidad de Guanajuato, Tierra Blanca, Guanajuato C.P. 37975, Mexico
- Correspondence: (E.C.-J.); (E.D.-C.); (S.L.C.-A.); Tel.: +52-55-5804-4600 (S.L.C.-A.)
| | - Edith Castañón Alonso
- Laboratory de Investigación en Inmunoquímica, Unidad de Investigación en Inmunología Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Calle Dr. Márquez Nº 162, Col. Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, Ciudad de México C.P. 06720, Mexico; (A.S.C.); (E.C.A.)
| | - Alejandro Islas-Jácome
- Departament de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México C.P. 09340, Mexico; (M.A.A.-G.); (A.I.-J.); (A.D.-O.)
| | - Armando Domínguez-Ortiz
- Departament de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México C.P. 09340, Mexico; (M.A.A.-G.); (A.I.-J.); (A.D.-O.)
| | - Sandra L. Castañón-Alonso
- Departament de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México C.P. 09340, Mexico; (M.A.A.-G.); (A.I.-J.); (A.D.-O.)
- Correspondence: (E.C.-J.); (E.D.-C.); (S.L.C.-A.); Tel.: +52-55-5804-4600 (S.L.C.-A.)
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4
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Polamreddy P, Vishwakarma V, Arumugam P, Bheemanati R, Esram P, Mahto MK, Kacker P. Discovery of hit molecules targeting allosteric site of hepatitis C virus NS5B polymerase. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:1448-1466. [PMID: 31007134 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1608864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B), the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), plays a key role in viral amplification and is an attractive and most explored target for discovery of new therapeutic agents for Hepatitis C. Though safe and effective, NS5B inhibitors were launched in 2013 (Sovaldi) and 2014 (Harvoni, Viekira Pak), the high price tags of these medications limit their use among poor people in developing countries. Hence, still there exists a need for cost-effective and short duration anti-HCV agents especially those targeting niche patient population who were non-respondent to earlier therapies or with comorbid conditions. The present study describes the discovery of novel non-nucleoside (NNI) inhibitors of NS5B using a series of rational drug design techniques such as virtual screening, scaffold matching and molecular docking. 2D and 3D structure based virtual screening technique identified 300 hit compounds. Top 20 hits were screened out from identified hits using molecular docking technique. Four molecules, that are representative of 20 hits were evaluated for binding affinity under in vitro conditions using surface plasmon resonance-based assay and the results emphasized that compound with CoCoCo ID: 412075 could exhibit good binding response toward NS5B and could be a potential candidate as NS5B inhibitor.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanthi Polamreddy
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India.,Excelra Knowledge Solutions Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vinita Vishwakarma
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Puneet Kacker
- Excelra Knowledge Solutions Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad, India
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5
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Discovery of HCV NS5B thumb site I inhibitors: Core-refining from benzimidazole to indole scaffold. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 94:218-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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6
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Obydennov DL, Usachev BI, Sosnovskikh VY. Reactions of 2-Mono- and 2,6-Disubstituted 4-Pyrones with Phenylhydrazine as General Method for the Synthesis of 3-(N-Phenylpyrazolyl)Indoles. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-014-1603-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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7
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Bisset AA, Dishington A, Jones T, Clarkson GJ, Wills M. Synthesis and reduction reactions of pyridones and 5-acyl-2-methoxypyridines. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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8
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Kim SH, Lee S, Kim SH, Kim KH, Kim JN. Synthesis of 1H-Indol-3-ylpyrazole Derivatives from 1,3,5-Triketones and Arylhydrazines: One-Pot Construction of Pyrazole and Indole Rings. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.11.3415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Beaulieu PL. Design and Development of NS5B Polymerase Non‐nucleoside Inhibitors for the Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus Infection. SUCCESSFUL STRATEGIES FOR THE DISCOVERY OF ANTIVIRAL DRUGS 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849737814-00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects an estimated 130–170 million people worldwide and is associated with life‐threatening liver diseases. The recent introduction of the first two HCV direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) as a complement to the interferon/ribavirin standard of care has provided patients with improved outcomes. Still, 25–30% of subjects infected with genotype 1 HCV do not respond adequately to treatment owing to the emergence of resistant virus and many suffer from severe side effects. A paradigm shift towards the development of interferon‐free combinations of DAAs with complementary modes of action is currently taking place. Virally encoded proteins and enzymes have become the target of HCV drug discovery efforts and several promising new agents are currently being evaluated in the clinic for treatment of chronic HCV infection. The NS5B RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase is responsible for replication of viral RNA and plays a pivotal role in the virus life cycle. NS5B is undoubtedly the most druggable HCV target and is susceptible to several classes of allosteric inhibitors that bind to four distinct sites on the enzyme. This chapter describes successful strategies that have led to the discovery of HCV NS5B antivirals. It is divided according to allosteric sites and describes how each of the known families of inhibitors was discovered, characterized and optimized to provide clinical candidates. When available, the strategies adopted by medicinal chemists to optimize initial leads and address challenges and liabilities encountered on the path to candidate selection are described, along with reported clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre L. Beaulieu
- Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd. 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, Québec Canada, H7S 2G5 resgeneral.lav@boehringer‐ingelheim.com
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10
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Bisset AA, Shiibashi A, Desmond JL, Dishington A, Jones T, Clarkson GJ, Ikariya T, Wills M. Synthesis and asymmetric hydrogenation of (3E)-1-benzyl-3-[(2-oxopyridin-1(2H)-yl)methylidene]piperidine-2,6-dione. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 48:11978-80. [PMID: 23128555 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc36807b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of (3E)-1-benzyl-3-[(2-oxopyridin-1(2H)-yl)methylidene]piperidine-2,6-dione 5 from N-benzylglutarimide was achieved in three steps. The asymmetric hydrogenation of 4 gave either the product of partial reduction (10) or full reduction (13), depending on the catalyst which was employed, in high ee in each case. Attempts at asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) of resulted in formation of a racemic product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Bisset
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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11
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Beaulieu PL, Coulombe R, Gillard J, Brochu C, Duan J, Garneau M, Jolicoeur E, Kuhn P, Poupart MA, Rancourt J, Stammers TA, Thavonekham B, Kukolj G. Allosteric N-acetamide-indole-6-carboxylic acid thumb pocket 1 inhibitors of hepatitis C virus NS5B polymerase — Acylsulfonamides and acylsulfamides as carboxylic acid replacements. CAN J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2012-0319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Acylsulfonamide and acylsulfamide as surrogates for the carboxylic acid function of N-acetamide-indole-6-carboxylic acids were evaluated as allosteric inhibitors of hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5B polymerase. Several analogs displayed excellent antiviral potency against both 1a and 1b HCV genotypes in cell-based subgenomic replicon assays. Structure–activity relationships (SAR) are discussed in the context of the crystal structure of an inhibitor − NS5B polymerase complex. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion pharmacokinetic (ADME-PK) properties of this class of inhibitors are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre L. Beaulieu
- Department of Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., Research and Development, 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, QC H7S 2G5, Canada
| | - René Coulombe
- Department of Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., Research and Development, 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, QC H7S 2G5, Canada
| | - James Gillard
- Department of Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., Research and Development, 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, QC H7S 2G5, Canada
| | - Christian Brochu
- Department of Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., Research and Development, 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, QC H7S 2G5, Canada
| | - Jianmin Duan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., Research and Development, 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, QC H7S 2G5, Canada
| | - Michel Garneau
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., Research and Development, 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, QC H7S 2G5, Canada
| | - Eric Jolicoeur
- Department of Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., Research and Development, 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, QC H7S 2G5, Canada
| | - Peter Kuhn
- Department of Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., Research and Development, 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, QC H7S 2G5, Canada
| | - Marc-André Poupart
- Department of Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., Research and Development, 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, QC H7S 2G5, Canada
| | - Jean Rancourt
- Department of Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., Research and Development, 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, QC H7S 2G5, Canada
| | - Timothy A. Stammers
- Department of Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., Research and Development, 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, QC H7S 2G5, Canada
| | - Bounkham Thavonekham
- Department of Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., Research and Development, 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, QC H7S 2G5, Canada
| | - George Kukolj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., Research and Development, 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, QC H7S 2G5, Canada
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Haudecoeur R, Peuchmaur M, Ahmed-Belkacem A, Pawlotsky JM, Boumendjel A. Structure-Activity Relationships in the Development of Allosteric Hepatitis C Virus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Inhibitors: Ten Years of Research. Med Res Rev 2012; 33:934-84. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Haudecoeur
- Département de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire; Université de Grenoble/CNRS; UMR 5063, BP 53; 38041; Grenoble Cedex 9; France
| | - Marine Peuchmaur
- Département de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire; Université de Grenoble/CNRS; UMR 5063, BP 53; 38041; Grenoble Cedex 9; France
| | | | | | - Ahcène Boumendjel
- Département de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire; Université de Grenoble/CNRS; UMR 5063, BP 53; 38041; Grenoble Cedex 9; France
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13
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Finger-loop inhibitors of the HCV NS5b polymerase. Part 1: Discovery and optimization of novel 1,6- and 2,6-macrocyclic indole series. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:4431-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.03.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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14
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Vendeville S, Lin TI, Hu L, Tahri A, McGowan D, Cummings MD, Amssoms K, Canard M, Last S, Van den Steen I, Devogelaere B, Rouan MC, Vijgen L, Berke JM, Dehertogh P, Fransen E, Cleiren E, van der Helm L, Fanning G, Van Emelen K, Nyanguile O, Simmen K, Raboisson P. Finger loop inhibitors of the HCV NS5b polymerase. Part II. Optimization of tetracyclic indole-based macrocycle leading to the discovery of TMC647055. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:4437-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.04.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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15
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Cummings MD, Lin TI, Hu L, Tahri A, McGowan D, Amssoms K, Last S, Devogelaere B, Rouan MC, Vijgen L, Berke JM, Dehertogh P, Fransen E, Cleiren E, van der Helm L, Fanning G, Van Emelen K, Nyanguile O, Simmen K, Raboisson P, Vendeville S. Structure-Based Macrocyclization Yields Hepatitis C Virus NS5B Inhibitors with Improved Binding Affinities and Pharmacokinetic Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201200110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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16
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Cummings MD, Lin TI, Hu L, Tahri A, McGowan D, Amssoms K, Last S, Devogelaere B, Rouan MC, Vijgen L, Berke JM, Dehertogh P, Fransen E, Cleiren E, van der Helm L, Fanning G, Van Emelen K, Nyanguile O, Simmen K, Raboisson P, Vendeville S. Structure-Based Macrocyclization Yields Hepatitis C Virus NS5B Inhibitors with Improved Binding Affinities and Pharmacokinetic Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:4637-40. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201200110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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17
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Sofia MJ, Chang W, Furman PA, Mosley RT, Ross BS. Nucleoside, nucleotide, and non-nucleoside inhibitors of hepatitis C virus NS5B RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase. J Med Chem 2012; 55:2481-531. [PMID: 22185586 DOI: 10.1021/jm201384j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Sofia
- Pharmasset, Inc., 303A College Road East, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States.
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18
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Recent advances in drug discovery of benzothiadiazine and related analogs as HCV NS5B polymerase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:4690-703. [PMID: 21798747 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.06.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major health burden, with an estimated 170 million chronically infected individuals worldwide, and a leading cause of liver transplantation. Patients are at increased risk of developing liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and even liver failure. In the past two decades, several approaches have been adopted to inhibit non-structural viral proteins. The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (NS5B) of HCV is one of the attractive validated targets for development of new drugs to block HCV infection. In this review, we report the recent progress made towards identifying and developing benzothiadiazines as HCV NS5B polymerase inhibitors. The substituted benzothiadiazine class was identified by HTS in 2002 as an NS5B inhibitor. Further optimization and modification of the core has improved the potency and pharmacokinetic properties of substituted benzothiadiazines. Research on palm site-binding benzothiadiazine analogs and related derivatives and analogs is discussed in this article.
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Pinter T, Jana S, Courtemanche RJM, Hof F. Recognition properties of carboxylic acid bioisosteres: anion binding by tetrazoles, aryl sulfonamides, and acyl sulfonamides on a calix[4]arene scaffold. J Org Chem 2011; 76:3733-41. [PMID: 21462934 DOI: 10.1021/jo200031u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tetrazoles and acyl sulfonamides are functional groups that are common in medicinal chemistry but virtually unexplored as recognition elements in supramolecular chemistry. We report here on the anion binding properties of these highly acidic N-H functional groups. We have prepared two new calixarene-based tetrazole-containing hosts, as well as new acetyl sulfonamide and benzoyl sulfonamide hosts. We also report on analogous hosts bearing the better-known aryl sulfonamide functional group as a point of comparison. We find that these hosts are competent anion binders and that the recognition of anions by these groups is highly dependent on their conformational preferences. We also report in detail on the preferred molecular shape of each acid bioisostere as determined by calculations and structural database surveys, and discuss how these shapes impact binding in the context of the reported hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Pinter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria , Victoria, Canada V8W 3V6
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20
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Zhao F, Liu ZQ. Indole and its alkyl-substituted derivatives protect erythrocyte and DNA against radical-induced oxidation. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2010; 23:273-9. [PMID: 19705360 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.20289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant properties of 1,2,3,4-tetra-hydrocarbazole, 6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocar-bazole (MTC), 2,3-dimethylindole, 5-methoxy-2,3-dimethylindole, and indole were investigated in the case of hemolysis of human erythrocytes and oxidative damage of DNA induced by 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane hydrochloride) (AAPH), respectively. The aim of this work was to explore the influence of methoxy, methyl, and cyclohexyl substituents on the antioxidant activities of indole derivatives. These indole derivatives were able to protect erythrocytes and DNA in a concentration-dependent manner. The alkyl-substituted indole can protect erythrocytes and DNA against AAPH-induced oxidation. Especially, the structural features of cyclohexyl and methoxy substituents made MTC the best antioxidant among the indole derivatives used herein. Finally, the interaction between these indole derivatives and 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) radical cation and 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, respectively, provided direct evidence for these indole derivatives to scavenge radicals and emphasized the importance of electron-donating groups for the free radical-scavenging activity of indole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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Non-nucleoside inhibitors of hepatitis C virus polymerase: current progress and future challenges. Future Med Chem 2010; 2:121-41. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.09.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The current standard of care for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a combination of PEGylated interferon and ribavirin, which offer limited efficacy and significant side effects. Novel HCV-specific inhibitors, including those directed at the viral polymerase, have become the focus of HCV drug-discovery efforts in the past decade. In addition to the active site targeted by traditional nucleoside inhibitors, at least four different allosteric-binding sites have been reported for the HCV polymerase, which offer ample opportunities for small-molecule inhibitors. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in the discovery of non-nucleoside HCV polymerase inhibitors with a focus on novel chemical matters, their clinical efficacy, safety and potential for combination therapy.
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Martin Hernando J, Ontoria J, Malancona S, Attenni B, Fiore F, Bonelli F, Koch U, Di Marco S, Colarusso S, Ponzi S, Gennari N, Vignetti S, del Rosario Rico Ferreira M, Habermann J, Rowley M, Narjes F. Optimization of Thienopyrrole-Based Finger-Loop Inhibitors of the Hepatitis C Virus NS5B Polymerase. ChemMedChem 2009; 4:1695-713. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200900184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-based inhibitors of HCV polymerase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:6331-6. [PMID: 19819138 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.09.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Revised: 09/18/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The present paper describes a novel series of HCV RNA polymerase inhibitors based on a pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine scaffold bearing hydrophobic groups and an acidic functionality. Several compounds were optimized to low nanomolar potencies in a biochemical RdRp assay. SAR trends clearly reveal a stringent preference for a cyclohexyl group as one of the hydrophobes, and improved activities for carboxylic acid derivatives.
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Novel non-carboxylic acid retinoids: 1,2,4-Oxadiazol-5-one derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:489-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Revised: 11/12/2008] [Accepted: 11/12/2008] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Meanwell NA, Kadow JF, Scola PM. Chapter 20 Progress towards the Discovery and Development of Specifically Targeted Inhibitors of Hepatitis C Virus. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(09)04420-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) of thiazolone derivatives as hepatitis C virus NS5B polymerase allosteric inhibitors. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2008; 22:711-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s10822-008-9230-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2008] [Accepted: 07/13/2008] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Patel PD, Patel MR, Kaushik-Basu N, Talele TT. 3D QSAR and molecular docking studies of benzimidazole derivatives as hepatitis C virus NS5B polymerase inhibitors. J Chem Inf Model 2007; 48:42-55. [PMID: 18076152 DOI: 10.1021/ci700266z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The urgent need for novel HCV antiviral agents has provided an impetus for understanding the structural requisites of NS5B polymerase inhibitors at the molecular level. Toward this objective, comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) of 67 HCV NS5B polymerase inhibitors were performed using two methods. First, ligand-based 3D QSAR studies were performed based on the lowest energy conformations employing the atom fit alignment method. Second, receptor-based 3D QSAR models were derived from the predicted binding conformations obtained by docking all NS5B inhibitors at the allosteric binding site of NS5B (PDB ID: 2dxs). Results generated from the ligand-based model were found superior (r2cv values of 0.630 for CoMFA and 0.668 for CoMSIA) to those obtained by the receptor-based model (r2cv values of 0.536 and 0.561 for CoMFA and CoMSIA, respectively). The predictive ability of the models was validated using a structurally diversified test set of 22 compounds that had not been included in a preliminary training set of 45 compounds. The predictive r2 values for the ligand-based CoMFA and CoMSIA models were 0.734 and 0.800, respectively, while the corresponding predictive r2 values for the receptor-based CoMFA and CoMSIA models were 0.538 and 0.639, respectively. The greater potency of the tryptophan derivatives over that of the tyrosine derivatives was interpreted based on CoMFA steric and electrostatic contour maps. The CoMSIA results revealed that for a NS5B inhibitor to have appreciable inhibitory activity it requires hydrogen bond donor and acceptor groups at the 5-position of the indole ring and an R substituent at the chiral carbon, respectively. Interpretation of the CoMFA and CoMSIA contour maps in context of the topology of the allosteric binding site of NS5B provided insight into NS5B-inhibitor interactions. Taken together, the present 3D QSAR models were found to accurately predict the HCV NS5B polymerase inhibitory activity of structurally diverse test set compounds and to yield reliable clues for further optimization of the benzimidazole derivatives in the data set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallav D Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, St. John's University, Jamaica, New York 11439, USA
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