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THU0201 Weak Correlation between A Multi-Biomarker Disease Activity Score and Clinical Response with Baricitinib in A Phase 2b Study in Rheumatoid Arthritis:. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.1488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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2
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A7.17 Effects of baricitinib on multibiomarker disease activity scores and their components in a phase 2b study in moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis patients. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-209124.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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3
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THU0175 Effects of Baricitinib on Multibiomarker Disease Activity Scores and Their Components in a Phase 2B Study in Moderate-to-Severe Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: Table 1. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.1628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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4
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Conformation-based restrictions and scaffold replacements in the design of hepatitis C virus polymerase inhibitors: discovery of deleobuvir (BI 207127). J Med Chem 2013; 57:1845-54. [PMID: 24159919 DOI: 10.1021/jm4011862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Conformational restrictions of flexible torsion angles were used to guide the identification of new chemotypes of HCV NS5B inhibitors. Sites for rigidification were based on an acquired conformational understanding of compound binding requirements and the roles of substituents in the free and bound states. Chemical bioisosteres of amide bonds were explored to improve cell-based potency. Examples are shown, including the design concept that led to the discovery of the phase III clinical candidate deleobuvir (BI 207127). The structure-based strategies employed have general utility in drug design.
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Optimization of a 1,5-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]diazepine-2,4-dione series of HIV capsid assembly inhibitors 2: Structure–activity relationships (SAR) of the C3-phenyl moiety. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:3401-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Novel inhibitor binding site discovery on HIV-1 capsid N-terminal domain by NMR and X-ray crystallography. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:1074-82. [PMID: 23496828 DOI: 10.1021/cb400075f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The HIV-1 capsid (CA) protein, a domain of Gag, which participates in formation of both the mature and immature capsid, represents a potential target for anti-viral drug development. Characterization of hits obtained via high-throughput screening of an in vitro capsid assembly assay led to multiple compounds having this potential. We previously presented the characterization of two inhibitor series that bind the N-terminal domain of the capsid (CA(NTD)), at a site located at the bottom of its helical bundle, often referred to as the CAP-1 binding site. In this work we characterize a novel series of benzimidazole hits. Initial optimization of this series led to compounds with improved in vitro assembly and anti-viral activity. Using NMR spectroscopy we found that this series binds to a unique site on CA(NTD), located at the apex of the helical bundle, well removed from previously characterized binding sites for CA inhibitors. 2D (1)H-(15)N HSQC and (19)F NMR showed that binding of the benzimidazoles to this distinct site does not affect the binding of either cyclophilin A (CypA) to the CypA-binding loop or a benzodiazepine-based CA assembly inhibitor to the CAP-1 site. Unfortunately, while compounds of this series achieved promising in vitro assembly and anti-viral effects, they also were found to be quite sensitive to a number of naturally occurring CA(NTD) polymorphisms observed among clinical isolates. Despite the negative impact of this finding for drug development, the discovery of multiple inhibitor binding sites on CA(NTD) shows that capsid assembly is much more complex than previously realized.
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Discovery of a novel series of non-nucleoside thumb pocket 2 HCV NS5B polymerase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:2585-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.02.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Allosteric N-acetamide-indole-6-carboxylic acid thumb pocket 1 inhibitors of hepatitis C virus NS5B polymerase — Acylsulfonamides and acylsulfamides as carboxylic acid replacements. CAN J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2012-0319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Acylsulfonamide and acylsulfamide as surrogates for the carboxylic acid function of N-acetamide-indole-6-carboxylic acids were evaluated as allosteric inhibitors of hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5B polymerase. Several analogs displayed excellent antiviral potency against both 1a and 1b HCV genotypes in cell-based subgenomic replicon assays. Structure–activity relationships (SAR) are discussed in the context of the crystal structure of an inhibitor − NS5B polymerase complex. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion pharmacokinetic (ADME-PK) properties of this class of inhibitors are also described.
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Abstract
AbstractNew organic/inorganic hybrid materials were prepared by hydrolysis and co-condensation of tetramethylorthosilicate (TMOS) with trimethoxysilane functionalized polyimide oligomers via sol-gel ultrastructure processing. In the first reaction step, amine terminated, fully imidized, soluble, high Tg polyimides were prepared from appropriate diamines and dianhydrides by solution imidization techniques. The amine end-groups were then quantitativell derivatized to nadimide structures through reaction with cis-norbornene 2,3 dicarboxylic anhydride. Subsequently, the nadimides were quantitatively derivatized to trimethoxysilane functionalities via hydrosilylation reactions in the presence of chloroplatinic acid catalyst. The resulting hexamethoxy functionalized polyimide oligomers were hydrolyzed and co-condensed at elevated temperatures under mild pressure with TMOS via sol-gel processing to generate thermally stable polyimidesilicate hybrids. The synthesis and characterization of these materials is discussed.
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Biphenylsulfonacetic acid inhibitors of the human papillomavirus type 6 E1 helicase inhibit ATP hydrolysis by an allosteric mechanism involving tyrosine 486. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 49:4834-42. [PMID: 16304143 PMCID: PMC1315966 DOI: 10.1128/aac.49.12.4834-4842.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the causative agents of benign and malignant lesions of the epithelium. Despite their high prevalence, there is currently no antiviral drug for the treatment of HPV-induced lesions. The ATPase and helicase activities of the highly conserved E1 protein of HPV are essential for viral DNA replication and pathogenesis and hence are considered valid antiviral targets. We recently described novel biphenylsulfonacetic acid inhibitors of the ATPase activity of E1 from HPV type 6 (HPV6). Based on kinetics and mutagenesis studies, we now report that these compounds act by an allosteric mechanism. They are hyperbolic competitive inhibitors of the ATPase activity of HPV6 E1 and also inhibit its helicase activity. Compounds in this series can also inhibit the ATPase activity of the closely related enzyme from HPV11; however, the most potent inhibitors of HPV6 E1 are significantly less active against the type 11 protein. We identified a single critical residue in HPV6 E1, Tyr-486, substituted by a cysteine in HPV11, which is primarily responsible for this difference in inhibitor potency. Interestingly, HPV18 E1, which also has a tyrosine at this position, could be inhibited by biphenylsulfonacetic acid derivatives, thereby raising the possibility that this class of inhibitors could be optimized as antiviral agents against multiple HPV types. These studies implicate Tyr-486 as a key residue for inhibitor binding and define an allosteric pocket on HPV E1 that can be exploited for future drug discovery efforts.
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Inhibitors of respiratory syncytial virus replication target cotranscriptional mRNA guanylylation by viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. J Virol 2005; 79:13105-15. [PMID: 16189012 PMCID: PMC1235819 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.79.20.13105-13115.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of respiratory illness in infants, immunocompromised patients, and the elderly. New antiviral agents would be important tools in the treatment of acute RSV disease. RSV encodes its own RNA-dependent RNA polymerase that is responsible for the synthesis of both genomic RNA and subgenomic mRNAs. The viral polymerase also cotranscriptionally caps and polyadenylates the RSV mRNAs at their 5' and 3' ends, respectively. We have previously reported the discovery of the first nonnucleoside transcriptase inhibitor of RSV polymerase through high-throughput screening. Here we report the design of inhibitors that have improved potency both in vitro and in antiviral assays and that also exhibit activity in a mouse model of RSV infection. We have isolated virus with reduced susceptibility to this class of inhibitors. The mutations conferring resistance mapped to a novel motif within the RSV L gene, which encodes the catalytic subunit of RSV polymerase. This motif is distinct from the catalytic region of the L protein and bears some similarity to the nucleotide binding domain within nucleoside diphosphate kinases. These findings lead to the hypothesis that this class of inhibitors may block synthesis of RSV mRNAs by inhibiting guanylylation of viral transcripts. We show that short transcripts produced in the presence of inhibitor in vitro do not contain a 5' cap but, instead, are triphosphorylated, confirming this hypothesis. These inhibitors constitute useful tools for elucidating the molecular mechanism of RSV capping and represent valid leads for the development of novel anti-RSV therapeutics.
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A Systematic Approach to the Optimization of Substrate-Based Inhibitors of the Hepatitis C Virus NS3 Protease: Discovery of Potent and Specific Tripeptide Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2004; 47:6584-94. [PMID: 15588093 DOI: 10.1021/jm0494523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The inadequate efficacy and tolerability of current therapies for the infectious liver disease caused by the hepatitis C virus have warranted significant efforts in the development of new therapeutics. We have previously reported competitive peptide inhibitors of the NS3 serine protease based on the N-terminal cleavage products of peptide substrates. A detailed study of the interactions of these substrate-based inhibitors with the different subsites of the serine protease active site led to the discovery of novel residues that increased the affinity of the inhibitors. In this paper, we report the combination of the best binding residues in a tetrapeptide series that resulted in extremely potent inhibitors that bind exquisitely well to this enzyme. A substantial increase in potency was obtained with the simultaneous introduction of a 7-methoxy-2-phenyl-4-quinolinoxy moiety at the gamma-position of the P2 proline and a tert-leucine as a P3 residue. The increase in potency allowed for the further truncation and led to the identification of tripeptide inhibitors. Structure activity relationship studies on this inhibitor series led to the identification of carbamate-containing tripeptides that are able to inhibit replication of subgenomic HCV RNA in cell culture with potencies below 1 microM. This inhibitor series has the potential of becoming antiviral agents for the treatment of HCV infections.
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Peptide-Based Inhibitors of the Hepatitis C Virus NS3 Protease: Structure−Activity Relationship at the C-Terminal Position. J Med Chem 2004; 47:2511-22. [PMID: 15115394 DOI: 10.1021/jm030573x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The structure-activity relationship at the C-terminal position of peptide-based inhibitors of the hepatitis C virus NS3 protease is presented. The observation that the N-terminal cleavage product (DDIVPC-OH) of a substrate derived from the NS5A/5B cleavage site was a competitive inhibitor of the NS3 protease was previously described. The chemically unstable cysteine residue found at the P1 position of these peptide-based inhibitors could be replaced with a norvaline residue, at the expense of a substantial drop in the enzymatic activity. The fact that an aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid (ACCA) residue at the P1 position of a tetrapeptide such as 1 led to a significant gain in the inhibitory enzymatic activity, as compared to the corresponding norvaline derivative 2, prompted a systematic study of substituent effects on the three-membered ring. We report herein that the incorporation of a vinyl group with the proper configuration onto this small cycle produced inhibitors of the protease with much improved in vitro potency. The vinyl-ACCA is the first reported carboxylic acid containing a P1 residue that produced NS3 protease inhibitors that are significantly more active than inhibitors containing a cysteine at the same position.
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Discovery of small-molecule inhibitors of the ATPase activity of human papillomavirus E1 helicase. J Med Chem 2004; 47:18-21. [PMID: 14695816 DOI: 10.1021/jm034206x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Boehringer Ingelheim compound collection was screened for inhibitors of the ATPase activity of human papillomavirus E1 helicase to develop antiviral agents that inhibit human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA replication. This screen led to the discovery of (biphenyl-4-sulfonyl)acetic acid 1, which inhibits the ATPase activity of HPV type 6 E1 helicase with a low micromolar IC(50) value. A hit-to-lead exercise rapidly converted 1 into a low nanomolar lead series.
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Erratum: Corrigendum: An NS3 protease inhibitor with antiviral effects in humans infected with hepatitis C virus. Nature 2003. [DOI: 10.1038/nature02183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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An NS3 protease inhibitor with antiviral effects in humans infected with hepatitis C virus. Nature 2003; 426:186-9. [PMID: 14578911 DOI: 10.1038/nature02099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 653] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2003] [Accepted: 10/02/2003] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a serious cause of chronic liver disease worldwide with more than 170 million infected individuals at risk of developing significant morbidity and mortality. Current interferon-based therapies are suboptimal especially in patients infected with HCV genotype 1, and they are poorly tolerated, highlighting the unmet medical need for new therapeutics. The HCV-encoded NS3 protease is essential for viral replication and has long been considered an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in HCV-infected patients. Here we identify a class of specific and potent NS3 protease inhibitors and report the evaluation of BILN 2061, a small molecule inhibitor biologically available through oral ingestion and the first of its class in human trials. Administration of BILN 2061 to patients infected with HCV genotype 1 for 2 days resulted in an impressive reduction of HCV RNA plasma levels, and established proof-of-concept in humans for an HCV NS3 protease inhibitor. Our results further illustrate the potential of the viral-enzyme-targeted drug discovery approach for the development of new HCV therapeutics.
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Tetrahydropyran synthesis via radical cyclization. A systematic study of substituent effects. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00006a080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Stereoselective chelation-controlled reduction of .alpha.-iodo-.beta.-alkoxy esters under radical conditions. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00025a061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Role of .sigma.-Donation in the Stereocontrol of Hydrogen-Transfer Reactions Involving Acyclic Radicals. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00107a002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Stereoselective hydrogen-transfer reactions involving acyclic radicals. A study of radical conformations using semiempirical calculations. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00038a072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
p56lck is a member of the src family of tyrosine kinases and plays a critical role in the signal transduction events that lead to T cell activation. Ligands for the p56lck SH2 domain have the potential to disrupt the interaction of p56lck with its substrates and derail the signaling cascade that leads to the production of cytokines such as interleukin-2. Starting from the quintuply charged (at physiological pH) phosphorylated tetrapeptide, AcpYEEI, we recently disclosed (J. Med. Chem. 1999, 42, 722 and J. Med. Chem. 1999, 42, 1757) the design of the modified dipeptide 3, which carries just two charges at physiological pH. Here we present the elaboration of 3 to the nonpeptidic, monocharged compound, 9S. This molecule displays good binding affinity for the p56lck SH2 domain (K(d) 1 microM) and good cell permeation, and this combination of properties allowed us to demonstrate clear-cut inhibitory effects on a very early event in T cell activation, namely calcium mobilization.
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Highly potent and selective peptide-based inhibitors of the hepatitis C virus serine protease: towards smaller inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:2267-70. [PMID: 11055335 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00465-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Structure-activity studies on a hexapeptide N-terminal cleavage product of a dodecamer substrate led to the identification of very potent and highly specific inhibitors of the HCV NS3 protease/NS4A cofactor peptide complex. The largest increase in potency was accomplished by the introduction of a (4R)-naphthalen-1-yl-4-methoxy substituent to the P2 proline. N-Terminal truncation resulted in tetrapeptides containing a C-terminal carboxylic acid, which exhibited low micromolar activity against the HCV serine protease.
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Ligands for the tyrosine kinase p56lck SH2 domain: discovery of potent dipeptide derivatives with monocharged, nonhydrolyzable phosphate replacements. J Med Chem 1999; 42:1757-66. [PMID: 10346928 DOI: 10.1021/jm980676t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
p56lck is a member of the src family of tyrosine kinases. Through modular binding units called SH2 domains, p56lck promotes phosphotyrosine-dependent protein-protein interactions and plays a critical role in signal transduction events that lead to T-cell activation. Starting from the phosphorylated dipeptide (2), a high-affinity ligand for the p56lck SH2 domain, we have designed novel dipeptides that contain monocharged, nonhydrolyzable phosphate group replacements and bind to the protein with KD's in the low micromolar range. Replacement of the phosphate group in phosphotyrosine-containing sequences by a (R/S)-hydroxyacetic (compound 8) or an oxamic acid (compound 10) moiety leads to hydrolytically stable, monocharged ligands, with 83- and 233-fold decreases in potency, respectively. This loss in binding affinity can be partially compensated for by incorporating large lipophilic groups at the inhibitor N-terminus. These groups provide up to 13-fold increases in potency depending on the nature of the phosphate replacement. The discovery of potent (2-3 microM), hydrolytically stable dipeptide derivatives, bearing only two charges at physiological pH, represents a significant step toward the discovery of compounds with cellular activity and the development of novel therapeutics for conditions associated with undesired T-cell proliferation.
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Abstract
Src homology-2 (SH2) domains are noncatalytic motifs containing approximately 100 amino acid residues that are involved in intracellular signal transduction. The phosphotyrosine-containing tetrapeptide Ac-pYEEI binds to the SH2 domain of p56lck (Lck) with an affinity of 0.1 microM. Starting from Ac-pYEEI, we have designed potent antagonists of the Lck SH2 domain which are reduced in peptidic character and in which the three carboxyl groups have been eliminated. The two C-terminal amino acids (EI) have been replaced by benzylamine derivatives and the pY + 1 glutamic acid has been substituted with leucine. The best C-terminal fragment identified, (S)-1-(4-isopropylphenyl)ethylamine, binds to the Lck SH2 domain better than the C-terminal dipeptide EI. Molecular modeling suggests that the substituents at the 4-position of the phenyl ring occupy the pY + 3 lipophilic pocket in the SH2 domain originally occupied by the isoleucine side chain. This new series of phosphotyrosine-containing dipeptides binds to the Lck SH2 domain with potencies comparable to that of tetrapeptide 1.
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Studies on the C-terminal of hexapeptide inhibitors of the hepatitis C virus serine protease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998; 8:2719-24. [PMID: 9873610 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00480-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Replacement of the C-terminal carboxylic acid functionality of peptide inhibitors of hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3 protease (complexed with NS4A peptide cofactor) by activated carbonyl groups does not produce any substantial increase in potency. These latter inhibitors also inhibit a variety of other serine and cysteine proteases whereas the carboxylic acids are specific. Norvaline was identified as a chemically stable replacement for the P1 residue of Ac-DDIVPC-OH which was also compatible with activated carbonyl functionalities.
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The Use of Lewis Acids in Radical Chemistry. Chelation-Controlled Radical Reductions of Substituted α-Bromo-β-alkoxy Esters and Chelation-Controlled Radical Addition Reactions. J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jo980636x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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The effect of polar substituents on the conformation and stereochemistry of enolate radicals. Tetrahedron Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)73805-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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[Pemphigus and azathioprine]. L'UNION MEDICALE DU CANADA 1975; 104:252-5. [PMID: 1162759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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