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Khong QT, Smith EA, Wendt KL, Dalilian M, Goncharova EI, Brownell I, Cichewicz RH, Henrich CJ, Beutler JA, O'Keefe BR, Du L. Chemoreactive 2,5-Diketopiperazines from a Penicillium sp., Structure Revision of Reported Analogues and Proposed Facile Transformation Pathways. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024. [PMID: 38995621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.4c00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive cutaneous cancer. Two new prenylated indole 2,5-diketopiperazine alkaloids, brevianamides E1 (1) and E2 (2), were isolated from a Penicillium fungus. Both compounds showed moderate cytotoxic activity against select MCC cell lines (i.e., MCC13, MKL-1, UISO, and WaGa) in the low micromolar range. The relative and absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by combined approaches, including NOESY spectroscopy, DFT ECD and DP4 plus calculations, and Marfey's reaction. Literature research and the comparison of NMR and ECD data led to the structure revision of three previously reported natural analogues, notoamides K and P and asperversiamide L. The structurally unstable 1 and 2 underwent steady interconversion under neutral aqueous conditions. Investigation of the degradation of 2 in acidic methanol solutions led to the identification of a new methoxylated derivative (6) and two new ring-opened products (7 and 8) with the rearranged, elongated, 4-methylpent-3-ene side chain. The facile transformation of 2 to 7 and 8 was promoted by the intrinsic impurity (i.e., formaldehyde) of HPLC-grade methanol through the aza-Cope rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan T Khong
- Molecular Targets Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Emily A Smith
- Molecular Targets Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
- Leidos Biomedical Res., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Karen L Wendt
- Natural Products Discovery Group, Institute for Natural Products Applications and Research Technologies, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Masoumeh Dalilian
- Molecular Targets Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
- Leidos Biomedical Res., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Ekaterina I Goncharova
- Molecular Targets Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Isaac Brownell
- Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Robert H Cichewicz
- Natural Products Discovery Group, Institute for Natural Products Applications and Research Technologies, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Curtis J Henrich
- Molecular Targets Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
- Leidos Biomedical Res., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - John A Beutler
- Molecular Targets Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Barry R O'Keefe
- Molecular Targets Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
- Natural Products Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Lin Du
- Molecular Targets Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
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Perisic M, Woolcock K, Hering A, Mendel H, Muttenthaler M. Oxytocin and vasopressin signaling in health and disease. Trends Biochem Sci 2024; 49:361-377. [PMID: 38418338 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Neurohypophysial peptides are ancient and evolutionarily highly conserved neuropeptides that regulate many crucial physiological functions in vertebrates and invertebrates. The human neurohypophysial oxytocin/vasopressin (OT/VP) signaling system with its four receptors has become an attractive drug target for a variety of diseases, including cancer, pain, cardiovascular indications, and neurological disorders. Despite its promise, drug development faces hurdles, including signaling complexity, selectivity and off-target concerns, translational interspecies differences, and inefficient drug delivery. In this review we dive into the complexity of the OT/VP signaling system in health and disease, provide an overview of relevant pharmacological probes, and discuss the latest trends in therapeutic lead discovery and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Perisic
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katrina Woolcock
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anke Hering
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, Australia
| | - Helen Mendel
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, Australia
| | - Markus Muttenthaler
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, Australia.
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3
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Quazi S, Rashid MT, Malik JA, Gavas S. The Discovery of Novel Antimicrobial Agents through the Application of Isocyanide-Based Multicomponent Reactions. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050849. [PMID: 37237752 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions (MCR) have been used to synthesize a wide range of analogs from several classes of heterocyclic compounds, with multifaceted medicinal uses. The synthesis of highly functionalized molecules in a single pot is a unique property of MCR, allowing researchers to quickly assemble libraries of compounds of biological interest and uncover novel leads as possible therapeutic agents. Isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions have proven to be extremely effective at swiftly specifying members of compound libraries, particularly in the discovery of drugs. The understanding of structure-activity correlations that drive the development of new goods and technology requires structural variety in these libraries. In today's world, antibiotic resistance is a major ongoing problem that poses risks to public health. The implementation of isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions upholds a significant potential in this regard. By utilizing such reactions, new antimicrobial compounds can be discovered and subsequently used to fight against such concerns. This study discusses the recent developments in antimicrobial medication discovery using isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions (IMCRs). Furthermore, the article emphasizes the potential of IMCRs (Isocyanide-based multicomponent based reactions) in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Quazi
- GenLab Biosolutions Private Limited, Bangalore 560043, Karnataka, India
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- SCAMT Institute, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | | | - Javid Ahmad Malik
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur 495009, Chhattisgarh, India
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4
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Bous J, Fouillen A, Orcel H, Granier S, Bron P, Mouillac B. Structures of the arginine-vasopressin and oxytocin receptor signaling complexes. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2023; 123:67-107. [PMID: 37718002 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Arginine-vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) are neurohypophysial hormones which share a high sequence and structure homology. These are two cyclic C-terminally amidated nonapeptides with different residues at position 3 and 8. In mammals, AVP and OT exert their multiple biological functions through a specific G protein-coupled receptor family: four receptors are identified, the V1a, V1b, V2 receptors (V1aR, V1bR and V2R) and the OT receptor (OTR). The chemical structure of AVP and OT was elucidated in the early 1950s. Thanks to X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy, it took however 70 additional years to determine the three-dimensional structures of the OTR and the V2R in complex with their natural agonist ligands and with different signaling partners, G proteins and β-arrestins. Today, the comparison of the different AVP/OT receptor structures gives structural insights into their orthosteric ligand binding pocket, their molecular mechanisms of activation, and their interfaces with canonical Gs, Gq and β-arrestin proteins. It also paves the way to future rational drug design and therapeutic compound development. Indeed, agonist, antagonist, biased agonist, or pharmacological chaperone analogues of AVP and OT are promising candidates to regulate different physiological functions and treat several pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Bous
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France; CBS (Centre de Biologie Structurale), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Aurélien Fouillen
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France; CBS (Centre de Biologie Structurale), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Hélène Orcel
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Sébastien Granier
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Bron
- CBS (Centre de Biologie Structurale), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Bernard Mouillac
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.
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Huber EM. Epipolythiodioxopiperazine-Based Natural Products: Building Blocks, Biosynthesis and Biological Activities. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200341. [PMID: 35997236 PMCID: PMC10086836 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Epipolythiodioxopiperazines (ETPs) are fungal secondary metabolites that share a 2,5-diketopiperazine scaffold built from two amino acids and bridged by a sulfide moiety. Modifications of the core and the amino acid side chains, for example by methylations, acetylations, hydroxylations, prenylations, halogenations, cyclizations, and truncations create the structural diversity of ETPs and contribute to their biological activity. However, the key feature responsible for the bioactivities of ETPs is their sulfide moiety. Over the last years, combinations of genome mining, reverse genetics, metabolomics, biochemistry, and structural biology deciphered principles of ETP production. Sulfurization via glutathione and uncovering of the thiols followed by either oxidation or methylation crystallized as fundamental steps that impact expression of the biosynthesis cluster, toxicity and secretion of the metabolite as well as self-tolerance of the producer. This article showcases structure and activity of prototype ETPs such as gliotoxin and discusses the current knowledge on the biosynthesis routes of these exceptional natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Huber
- Chair of Biochemistry, Center for Protein Assemblies, Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 8, 85748, Garching, Germany
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Cornacchia C, Marinelli L, Di Rienzo A, Dimmito MP, Serra F, Di Biase G, De Filippis B, Turkez H, Mardinoglu A, Bellezza I, Di Stefano A, Cacciatore I. Development of l-Dopa-containing diketopiperazines as blood-brain barrier shuttle. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 243:114746. [PMID: 36099749 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In our overall goal to develop anti-Parkinson drugs, we designed novel diketopiperazines (DKP1-6) aiming to both reach the blood-brain barrier and counteract the oxidative stress related to Parkinson's Disease (PD). The anti-Parkinson properties of DKP 1-6 were evaluated using neurotoxin-treated PC12 cells, as in vitro model of PD, while their cytotoxicity and genotoxicity potentials were investigated in newborn rat cerebral cortex (RCC) and primary human whole blood (PHWB) cell cultures. The response against free radicals was evaluated by the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assay. Comet assay was used to detect DNA damage while the content of 8-hydroxyl-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) was determined as a marker of oxidative DNA damage. PAMPA-BBB and Caco-2 assays were employed to evaluate the capability of DKP1-6 to cross the membranes. Stability studies were conducted in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids and human plasma. Results showed that DKP5-6 attenuate the MPP + -induced cell death on a nanomolar scale, but a remarkable effect was observed for DKP6 on Nrf2 activation that leads to the expression of genes involved in oxidative stress response thus increasing glutathione biosynthesis and ROS buffering. DKP5-6 resulted in no toxicity for RCC neurons and PHWB cells exposed to 10-500 nM concentrations during 24 h as determined by MTT and LDH assays and TAC levels were not altered in both cultured cell types. No significant difference in the induction of DNA damage was observed for DKP5-6. Both DKPs resulted stable in simulated gastric fluids (t1/2 > 22h). In simulated intestinal fluids, DKP5 underwent immediate hydrolysis while DKP6 showed a half-life higher than 3 h. In human plasma, DKP6 resulted quite stable. DKP6 displayed both high BBB and Caco-2 permeability confirming that the DKP scaffold represents a useful tool to improve the crossing of drugs through the biological membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia Cornacchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. D'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Lisa Marinelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. D'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Annalisa Di Rienzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. D'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marilisa Pia Dimmito
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. D'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Federica Serra
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. D'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Biase
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. D'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Barbara De Filippis
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. D'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Hasan Turkez
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, 24075, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Dental Institute, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Ilaria Bellezza
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Polo Unico Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, P.le L. Severi 1, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Stefano
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. D'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ivana Cacciatore
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. D'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
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Multicomponent Reactions for the Synthesis of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15081009. [PMID: 36015157 PMCID: PMC9416173 DOI: 10.3390/ph15081009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions 9i.e., those that engage three or more starting materials to form a product that contains significant fragments of all of them), have been widely employed in the construction of compound libraries, especially in the context of diversity-oriented synthesis. While relatively less exploited, their use in target-oriented synthesis offers significant advantages in terms of synthetic efficiency. This review provides a critical summary of the use of multicomponent reactions for the preparation of active pharmaceutical principles.
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Fuchibe K, Morota Y, Miura T, Ichikawa J. Difluorocarbene-Based [4 + 1] Cycloaddition Strategy for Synthesizing Derivatives of 5-Fluorinated Thiazoles and Oxazoles. CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.220212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Fuchibe
- Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8571, Japan
| | - Yuki Morota
- Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8571, Japan
| | - Takaya Miura
- Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8571, Japan
| | - Junji Ichikawa
- Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8571, Japan
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Abstract
The oxytocin receptor plays a significant role in peripheral regulation of parturition and lactation. Given this important role, multiple drug discovery programs have been conducted to develop agonists and antagonists for peripheral activity. The role of the oxytocin receptor in the central nervous system is also significant, promoting social interaction, trust, and empathy in humans. As such, molecules that can access the central nervous system and target the oxytocin receptor are of significant interest. Due to the role of the oxytocin receptor in regulating social function and psychological well-being, agonists of this receptor have considerable promise for the treatment of numerous neuropsychiatric conditions. The poor pharmacokinetic properties and blood-brain barrier penetration of peptide-based molecules means nonpeptide compounds have more commonly been the focus for central nervous system activity. This chapter aims to summarize the current standing of peptide and nonpeptide drug discovery for antagonists and agonists of the oxytocin receptor and focusses on centrally active nonpeptidic agonists.
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Bojarska J, Mieczkowski A, Ziora ZM, Skwarczynski M, Toth I, Shalash AO, Parang K, El-Mowafi SA, Mohammed EHM, Elnagdy S, AlKhazindar M, Wolf WM. Cyclic Dipeptides: The Biological and Structural Landscape with Special Focus on the Anti-Cancer Proline-Based Scaffold. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1515. [PMID: 34680148 PMCID: PMC8533947 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic dipeptides, also know as diketopiperazines (DKP), the simplest cyclic forms of peptides widespread in nature, are unsurpassed in their structural and bio-functional diversity. DKPs, especially those containing proline, due to their unique features such as, inter alia, extra-rigid conformation, high resistance to enzyme degradation, increased cell permeability, and expandable ability to bind a diverse of targets with better affinity, have emerged in the last years as biologically pre-validated platforms for the drug discovery. Recent advances have revealed their enormous potential in the development of next-generation theranostics, smart delivery systems, and biomaterials. Here, we present an updated review on the biological and structural profile of these appealing biomolecules, with a particular emphasis on those with anticancer properties, since cancers are the main cause of death all over the world. Additionally, we provide a consideration on supramolecular structuring and synthons, based on the proline-based DKP privileged scaffold, for inspiration in the design of compound libraries in search of ideal ligands, innovative self-assembled nanomaterials, and bio-functional architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Bojarska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of General & Inorganic Chemistry, Technical University of Lodz, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Adam Mieczkowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Zyta M. Ziora
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (Z.M.Z.); (I.T.)
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (M.S.); (A.O.S.)
| | - Istvan Toth
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (Z.M.Z.); (I.T.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (M.S.); (A.O.S.)
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Ahmed O. Shalash
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (M.S.); (A.O.S.)
| | - Keykavous Parang
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; (K.P.); (S.A.E.-M.); (E.H.M.M.)
| | - Shaima A. El-Mowafi
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; (K.P.); (S.A.E.-M.); (E.H.M.M.)
| | - Eman H. M. Mohammed
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; (K.P.); (S.A.E.-M.); (E.H.M.M.)
| | - Sherif Elnagdy
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; (S.E.); (M.A.)
| | - Maha AlKhazindar
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; (S.E.); (M.A.)
| | - Wojciech M. Wolf
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of General & Inorganic Chemistry, Technical University of Lodz, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
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Marchand G, Blumrick R, Ruuska AD, Ware K, Masoud AT, King A, Ruther S, Brazil G, Cieminski K, Calteux N, Ulibarri H, Sainz K. Novel oxytocin receptor antagonists for tocolysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available data on the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of retosiban. Curr Med Res Opin 2021; 37:1677-1688. [PMID: 34134590 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2021.1944076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of retosiban-a novel tocolytic unavailable in the US-in the management of preterm labor. METHODS We searched ClinicalTrials.Gov, MEDLINE, PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library for relevant clinical trials using the terms "retosiban" and "preterm labor" through 09/2020. We included all published randomized clinical trials (three) that compared retosiban to placebo for preterm labor, excluding conferences, books, reviews, posters, case reports, and animal studies. We analyzed homogeneous data under the fixed-effects model and heterogeneous data under the random-effects model. RESULTS We included all randomized clinical trials addressing this topic, which ultimately resulted in three trials with a total of 116 patients. There were no significant differences between retosiban and placebo in births at term (RR = 0.41, p = .02), births ≤7 days from the first study treatment (RR = 0.59, p = .23), or administration of rescue tocolytic (RR = 0.36, p = .07); the maternal adverse events of headache, anemia, constipation, or urinary tract infection (p > .05); or neonatal outcomes of Apgar score at 1 min (p = .88) or 5 min (p = .69), weight (p = .23), head circumference (p = .55), malnutrition (p = .27), hyperbilirubinemia (RR = 0.56, p = .21), jaundice (RR = 1.21, p = .84), respiratory distress (RR = 0.53, p = .49), or tachypnea (RR = 0.40, p = .42). CONCLUSION With the limited high quality evidence available, retosiban demonstrates no clear benefit over placebo in the management of preterm labor. Nevertheless, its favorable safety profile, oral bioavailability, and novel mechanism of action and the limited number of studies available for review warrant further analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Marchand
- Marchand Institute for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Mesa, AZ, USA
| | | | - Alexandra D Ruuska
- Marchand Institute for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Mesa, AZ, USA
- Midwestern University Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Kelly Ware
- Marchand Institute for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Mesa, AZ, USA
- International University of Health Sciences, Basseterre, St. Kitts
| | - Ahmed Taher Masoud
- Marchand Institute for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Mesa, AZ, USA
- Fayoum University Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Alexa King
- Marchand Institute for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Mesa, AZ, USA
| | - Stacy Ruther
- Marchand Institute for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Mesa, AZ, USA
| | - Giovanna Brazil
- Marchand Institute for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Mesa, AZ, USA
| | | | - Nicolas Calteux
- Marchand Institute for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Mesa, AZ, USA
| | - Hollie Ulibarri
- Marchand Institute for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Mesa, AZ, USA
| | - Katelyn Sainz
- Marchand Institute for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Mesa, AZ, USA
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12
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Powell M, Saade G, Thornton S, Pimenta JM, Haque N, Miller D, Beach KJ, Snidow J, Correa EO, Scott R. Safety and Outcomes in Infants Born to Mothers Participating in Retosiban Treatment Trials: ARIOS Follow-Up Study. Am J Perinatol 2021. [PMID: 34352924 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1733784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Retosiban, an oxytocin receptor antagonist, was developed for treating spontaneous preterm labor (sPTL) in women with intact membranes. This ARIOS follow-up study aimed to characterize clinical safety, morbidity, and mortality of infants exposed to retosiban or comparator over 2 years. STUDY DESIGN ARIOS prospectively assessed outcomes in infants whose mothers received at least one dose of retosiban or comparator (placebo/atosiban) in two Phase 3 sPTL trials. Both trials were terminated prematurely owing to poor enrolment. Infants could be enrolled into ARIOS from 28 days after estimated due date until hospital discharge or up to 9 months (corrected age). An internally developed questionnaire detailing medical conditions, mortality and resource use (Child Health Inventory; CHI), Ages and Stages Questionnaire-3 (ASQ-3), Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers-Revised with Follow-Up, and Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 1.5 to 5 were completed remotely by parents or legal guardians at prespecified intervals. Serious adverse events (SAEs) were primarily captured via CHI. No comparative statistical analysis was conducted between treatment arms. RESULTS A total of 49 (86%) infants who had received retosiban and 49 (78%) infants who had received a comparator were enrolled in ARIOS. No deaths occurred during the study. Nine infants experienced SAEs: 6/49 (12.2%) infants in the comparators group and 3/49 (6.1%) in the retosiban group. Of the nine SAEs, seven were due to infections, three, and four in the retosiban and comparators groups, respectively. Based on ASQ-3 score, the incidence of neurodevelopmental delay at 18 and 24 months were 0/18 (0%) and 2/25 (8%) with retosiban and 7/22 (31.8%) and 3/21 (14.3%) with comparator, respectively. CONCLUSION The current study showed no unexpected adverse outcome or impairment with retosiban based on safety monitoring and neurodevelopment assessments. No further follow-up is intended owing to the discontinuation of clinical development of retosiban. KEY POINTS · There is a need for an effective and safe treatment for sPTL.. · ARIOS was a follow-up study of two Phase 3 trials in sPTL.. · There were no safety concerns with retosiban treatment.. · Slow recruitment led to termination of the Phase 3 trials..
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcy Powell
- Pharma Research & Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - George Saade
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, University of Texas, Galveston, Texas
| | - Steve Thornton
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeanne M Pimenta
- Epidemiology, GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park, Uxbridge, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Nazneen Haque
- GlaxoSmithKline, Brentford, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Diane Miller
- Pharma Research & Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania
| | - Kathleen J Beach
- Pharma Research & Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Jerry Snidow
- Pharma Research & Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Erika Ochoa Correa
- Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Rhona Scott
- Clinical Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park, Uxbridge, Middlesex, United Kingdom
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Plaçais C, Donnard M, Panossian A, Vors JP, Bernier D, Pazenok S, Leroux FR. Synthesis of 3-Amino-5-fluoroalkylfurans by Intramolecular Cyclization. Org Lett 2021; 23:4915-4919. [PMID: 34080423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A synthesis to access rarely described 3-amino-5-fluoroalkylfurans has been developed by cyclization of easily accessible fluorovinamides. This method is rapid and simple and affords the desired furans as hydrochloride salts in quantitative or nearly quantitative yields. It is compatible with four different fluorinated groups (-CF3, -CF2CF3, -CHF2, and -CF2Cl) and a wide range of substituents on the amine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clotilde Plaçais
- Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, UMR 7042-LIMA, ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, Strasbourg 67087, France
| | - Morgan Donnard
- Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, UMR 7042-LIMA, ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, Strasbourg 67087, France
| | - Armen Panossian
- Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, UMR 7042-LIMA, ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, Strasbourg 67087, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Vors
- Bayer S.A.S., 14 Impasse Pierre Baizet, BP99163, 69263 Lyon Cedex 09, France
| | - David Bernier
- Bayer S.A.S., 14 Impasse Pierre Baizet, BP99163, 69263 Lyon Cedex 09, France
| | - Sergii Pazenok
- Bayer CropScience AG, Alfred-Nobel-Strasse 50, 40789 Monheim, Germany
| | - Frédéric R Leroux
- Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, UMR 7042-LIMA, ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, Strasbourg 67087, France
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14
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Che X, Cai J, Liu Y, Xu T, Yang J, Wu C. Oxytocin signaling in the treatment of drug addiction: Therapeutic opportunities and challenges. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 223:107820. [PMID: 33600854 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Drug addiction is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Despite great advances were achieved in understanding the neurobiology of drug addiction, the therapeutic options are severely limited, with poor effectiveness and serious side effects. The neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) is well known for its effects on uterine contraction, sexual/maternal behaviors, social affiliation, stress and learning/memory by interacting with the OXT receptor and other neuromodulators. Emerging evidence suggests that the acute or chronic exposure to drugs can affect the OXT system. Additionally, OXT administration can ameliorate a wide range of abused drug-induced neurobehavioral changes. Overall, OXT not only suppresses drug reward in the binge stage of drug addiction, but also reduces stress responses and social impairments during the withdrawal stage and, finally, prevents drug/cue/stress-induced reinstatement. More importantly, clinical studies have also shown that OXT can exert beneficial effects on reducing substance use disorders of a series of drugs, such as heroin, cocaine, alcohol, cannabis and nicotine. Thus, the present review focuses on the role of OXT in treating drug addiction, including the preclinical and clinical therapeutic potential of OXT and its analogs on the neurobiological perspectives of drugs, to provide a better insight of the efficacy of OXT as a clinical addiction therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohang Che
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacodynamics Evaluation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Jialing Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yueyang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacodynamics Evaluation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Tianyu Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Jingyu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacodynamics Evaluation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China.
| | - Chunfu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacodynamics Evaluation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China.
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15
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Maujean T, Girard N, Ganesan A, Gulea M, Bonnet D. Three cheers for nitrogen: aza-DKPs, the aza analogues of 2,5-diketopiperazines. RSC Adv 2020; 10:43358-43370. [PMID: 35519699 PMCID: PMC9058409 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09457a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing heterocycles represent a major source of pharmacological probes and drug candidates. To extend their molecular diversity and their potential biological activities, it is of importance to design and synthesize new N-heterocyclic scaffolds. Therefore, aza-diketopiperazines (aza-DKPs), the aza analogues of well-known 2,5-diketopiperazines (DKPs), emerged as a promising new scaffold. Although the first synthesis of an aza-DKP dates from 1951, significant developments have been made during the last decade. This feature article summarizes the different synthetic strategies to access and functionalise aza-DKPs. Their biological properties and potential applications in medicinal chemistry and drug discovery are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothé Maujean
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, LabEX MEDALIS, Faculté de Pharmacie LIT UMR 7200 Strasbourg F-67000 France
| | - Nicolas Girard
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, LabEX MEDALIS, Faculté de Pharmacie LIT UMR 7200 Strasbourg F-67000 France
| | - A Ganesan
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Mihaela Gulea
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, LabEX MEDALIS, Faculté de Pharmacie LIT UMR 7200 Strasbourg F-67000 France
| | - Dominique Bonnet
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, LabEX MEDALIS, Faculté de Pharmacie LIT UMR 7200 Strasbourg F-67000 France
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16
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Waltenspühl Y, Schöppe J, Ehrenmann J, Kummer L, Plückthun A. Crystal structure of the human oxytocin receptor. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabb5419. [PMID: 32832646 PMCID: PMC7439316 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb5419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The peptide hormone oxytocin modulates socioemotional behavior and sexual reproduction via the centrally expressed oxytocin receptor (OTR) across several species. Here, we report the crystal structure of human OTR in complex with retosiban, a nonpeptidic antagonist developed as an oral drug for the prevention of preterm labor. Our structure reveals insights into the detailed interactions between the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and an OTR-selective antagonist. The observation of an extrahelical cholesterol molecule, binding in an unexpected location between helices IV and V, provides a structural rationale for its allosteric effect and critical influence on OTR function. Furthermore, our structure in combination with experimental data allows the identification of a conserved neurohypophyseal receptor-specific coordination site for Mg2+ that acts as potent, positive allosteric modulator for agonist binding. Together, these results further our molecular understanding of the oxytocin/vasopressin receptor family and will facilitate structure-guided development of new therapeutics.
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17
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New Chlorinated 2,5-Diketopiperazines from Marine-Derived Bacteria Isolated from Sediments of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071509. [PMID: 32225050 PMCID: PMC7181205 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
From the organic extracts of five bacterial strains isolated from marine sediments collected in the East Mediterranean Sea, three new (15, 16, 31) and twenty-nine previously reported (1–14, 17–30, 32) metabolites bearing the 2,5-diketopiperazine skeleton were isolated. The structures of the chlorinated compounds 15, 16, and 31 were elucidated by extensive analysis of their spectroscopic data (NMR, MS, UV, IR). Compounds 15 and 16 were evaluated for their antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger but were proven inactive. The relevant literature is supplemented with complete NMR assignments and revisions for the 29 previously reported compounds.
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18
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Brighton PJ, Fossler MJ, Quenby S, Blanks AM. Functionally Selective Inhibition of the Oxytocin Receptor by Retosiban in Human Myometrial Smooth Muscle. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5697361. [PMID: 31907536 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqz043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Novel small molecule inhibitors of the oxytocin receptor (OTR) may have distinct pharmacology and mode of action when compared with first-generation oxytocin antagonists when used for the prevention of preterm birth. The aim was to determine the mechanism of action of small molecule OTR antagonists retosiban and epelsiban compared with the currently used peptide-based compound atosiban. Human myometrial samples were obtained at cesarean section and subjected to pharmacological manipulations to establish the effect of antagonist binding to OTR on downstream signaling. Retosiban antagonism of oxytocin action in human myometrium was potent, rapid, and reversible. Inhibition of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) production followed single-site competitive binding kinetics for epelsiban, retosiban, and atosiban. Retosiban inhibited basal production of IP3 in the absence of oxytocin. Oxytocin and atosiban but not retosiban inhibited forskolin, and calcitonin stimulated 3',5'-cyclic adenosine 5'-mono-phosphate (cAMP) production. Inhibition of cAMP was reversed by pertussis toxin. Oxytocin and atosiban, but not retosiban and epelsiban, stimulated extracellular regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 activity in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Oxytocin and atosiban stimulated cyclo-oxygenase 2 activity and subsequent production of prostaglandin E2 and F2α. Prostaglandin production was inhibited by rofecoxib, pertussin toxin, and ERK inhibitor U0126. Oxytocin but not retosiban or atosiban stimulated coupling of the OTR to Gα q G-proteins. Oxytocin and atosiban but not retosiban stimulated coupling of the OTR to Gα i G-proteins. Retosiban and epelsiban demonstrate distinct pharmacology when compared with atosiban in human myometrial smooth muscle. Atosiban displays agonist activity at micromolar concentrations leading to stimulation of prostaglandin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Brighton
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Warwick CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Michael J Fossler
- Clinical Pharmacology Modeling and Simulation, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Merion West, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania
| | - Siobhan Quenby
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Warwick CV2 2DX, UK
- Maternity Directorate, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Andrew M Blanks
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Warwick CV2 2DX, UK
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19
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Khan I, Zaib S, Ibrar A. New frontiers in the transition-metal-free synthesis of heterocycles from alkynoates: an overview and current status. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00698j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the successful utilization of transition-metal-free approaches for the modular assembly of various heterocycles from alkynoates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Natural Sciences
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL
- UK
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Department of Biochemistry
- Faculty of Life Sciences
- University of Central Punjab
- Lahore-54590
- Pakistan
| | - Aliya Ibrar
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- The University of Haripur
- Haripur, KPK-22620
- Pakistan
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20
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Wang J, Chen S, Wu W, Wen S, Weng Z. Base-Mediated Tunable Synthesis of 2-Trifluoromethylated Furans and Dihydrofuranols: Extraordinary Stable in Sulfuric Acid. J Org Chem 2019; 84:15685-15696. [PMID: 31696702 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
2-Trifluoromethylated furans and dihydrofuranols were tunably synthesized from the cyclization of β-ketonitriles with 3-bromo-1,1,1-trifluoroacetone mediated by bases. In addition, dehydration of dihydrofuranol compounds with concentrated sulfuric acid gave another 2-(trifluoromethyl)furans isomer. The developed methodology exhibits an excellent functional group tolerance for both aromatic and aliphatic β-ketonitriles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Materials, College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fujian 350108 , China
| | - Shouxiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Materials, College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fujian 350108 , China
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Materials, College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fujian 350108 , China
| | - Shunli Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Materials, College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fujian 350108 , China
| | - Zhiqiang Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Materials, College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fujian 350108 , China
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21
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Wang Y, Tao L, Chen J, He W, Deng H, Shao M, Zhang H, Cao W. Isocyanide‐Based Multicomponent Reactions: A Concise Approach to 2‐Amino‐3‐perfluoroalkylfurans Using Methyl Perfluoroalk‐2‐ynoates as Fluorinated Building Blocks. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yedong Wang
- Department of Chemistry Innovative Drug Research CenterShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Lili Tao
- Department of Chemistry Innovative Drug Research CenterShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Chemistry Innovative Drug Research CenterShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Weimin He
- Department of Chemistry Innovative Drug Research CenterShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Deng
- Laboratory for MicrostructuresInstrumental Analysis and Research Center of Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Min Shao
- Laboratory for MicrostructuresInstrumental Analysis and Research Center of Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Laboratory for MicrostructuresInstrumental Analysis and Research Center of Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Weiguo Cao
- Department of Chemistry Innovative Drug Research CenterShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
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22
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Boström J, Brown DG, Young RJ, Keserü GM. Expanding the medicinal chemistry synthetic toolbox. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2018; 17:709-727. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2018.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lee A, Oh S, Kim H. Synthesis of α-(4-Oxazolyl)amino Esters via Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Tandem Reaction. Org Lett 2018; 20:3319-3322. [PMID: 29763328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A one-step, Brønsted acid catalyzed tandem reaction for the synthesis of α-(4-oxazolyl)amino esters was developed. 4-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid was found to be an efficient catalyst for the coupling of ethyl 2-oxobut-3-ynoates with amides to provide various α-(4-oxazolyl)amino esters. The experimental and X-ray crystallographic data suggest that a series of bond-forming reactions including imine formation, intermolecular Michael addition, and intramolecular Michael addition are involved to generate both the oxazole and amino acid functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry , KAIST , Daejeon 34141 , Korea
| | - Seohee Oh
- Department of Chemistry , KAIST , Daejeon 34141 , Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry , KAIST , Daejeon 34141 , Korea
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Vasconcelos SNS, Fornari E, Caracelli I, Stefani HA. Synthesis of α-amino-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds via Ugi flow chemistry reaction: access to functionalized 1,2,3-triazoles. Mol Divers 2017; 21:893-902. [PMID: 28702849 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-017-9764-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The Ugi multicomponent reaction has been used as an important synthetic route to obtain compounds with potential biological activity. We present the rapid and efficient synthesis of [Formula: see text]-amino-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds in moderate to good yields via Ugi flow chemistry reactions performed with a continuous flow reactor. Such [Formula: see text]-amino-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds can act as precursors for the production of [Formula: see text]-amino acids via hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group as well as building blocks for the synthesis of novel compounds with the 1,2,3-triazole ring. The [Formula: see text]-amino acid derivatives of the Ugi flow chemistry reaction products were then used for dipeptide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley N S Vasconcelos
- Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Evelin Fornari
- Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ignez Caracelli
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Hélio A Stefani
- Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Thornton S, Valenzuela G, Baidoo C, Fossler MJ, Montague TH, Clayton L, Powell M, Snidow J, Stier B, Soergel D. Treatment of spontaneous preterm labour with retosiban: a phase II pilot dose-ranging study. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 83:2283-2291. [PMID: 28556962 PMCID: PMC5595955 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The aims of the present study were to investigate the maternal, fetal and neonatal safety and tolerability, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of intravenous (IV) retosiban in pregnant women with spontaneous preterm labour (PTL) between 340/7 and 356/7 weeks' gestation. Methods In parts A and B of a three‐part, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multicentre study, women were randomized 3:1 (Part A) or 2:1 (Part B) to either 12‐h IV retosiban followed by a single dose of oral placebo (R‐P) or 12‐h IV placebo followed by single‐dose oral retosiban (P‐R). Results A total of 29 women were randomized; 20 to R‐P and nine to P‐R. An integrated analysis found that adverse events were infrequent in mothers/newborns and consistent with events expected in the population under study or associated with confounding factors. Retosiban was rapidly absorbed after oral administration, with an observed half‐life of 1.45 h. Efficacy analyses included 19 women. While not statistically significant, those receiving R‐P more frequently achieved uterine quiescence in 6 h (R‐P, 63%; 95% credible interval [CrI]: 38, 84; P‐R, 43%; 95% CrI: 12, 78) and more achieved a reduction of ≥50% in uterine contractions in 6 h (R‐P, 63%; 95% CrI: 38, 84; P‐R, 29%; 95% CrI: 4, 64). The number of days to delivery was increased in women receiving R‐P (median 26 days for R‐P vs. 13 days for P‐R). Conclusions Intravenous retosiban has a favourable safety and tolerability profile and might prolong pregnancies in women with PTL. The study provides the rationale and dosing strategy for further evaluation of the efficacy of retosiban in the treatment of PTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Thornton
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Michael J Fossler
- Quantitative Sciences, GSK, Uxbridge, UK.,Quantitative Sciences, GSK, King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | - Timothy H Montague
- Quantitative Sciences, GSK, Uxbridge, UK.,Quantitative Sciences, GSK, King of Prussia, PA, USA
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Caltabiano S, Magee MH, Liu F, Beach KJ. A Phase 1 Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study Assessing the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Retosiban in Healthy, Nonpregnant Japanese Subjects. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2017; 7:59-66. [PMID: 28419732 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study characterized the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of retosiban in healthy, nonpregnant Japanese women prior to the enrollment of Japanese women in preterm labor in phase 3 trials. This study had 2 cohorts. Cohort 1 was a double-blind, sponsor-open, randomized study in Japanese women. Cohort 2 was an open-label study in white women to compare the pharmacokinetics with those of Japanese women. Retosiban was administered as a 6 mg/h infusion for 24 hours, followed by a 12 mg/h infusion over the next 24 hours; each infusion was preceded by a 6 mg loading dose administered over 5 minutes. Plasma concentrations of retosiban and its major metabolite, GSK2847065, were determined with an informal comparison of pharmacokinetics between Japanese and white women. There was minimal difference in exposure to retosiban or GSK2847065 between Japanese and white women (ratio of 1.03 in retosiban AUC and Cmax ). The 2 doses of retosiban were well tolerated across both populations, and no ethnic difference was observed in the safety profile. Given the results of this study and the known safety profile and dosing flexibility in the phase 3 trials, ethnic-specific dose adjustment of retosiban is not considered necessary for the Japanese and general Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Caltabiano
- Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Mindy He Magee
- Clinical Pharmacology Modeling & Simulation, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | - Feng Liu
- Statistics, Programming & Data Strategy, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Kathleen J Beach
- Maternal and Neonatal Health, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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27
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De Saint Jores C, Mukan I, Yegorova T, Harakat D, Bouillon JP. Straightforward synthesis of tri- and tetra-substituted 3-trifluoromethylfurans by heterocyclization reaction of perfluoroketene dithioacetals. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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28
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Lan Y, Zou Y, Huang T, Wang X, Brock NL, Deng Z, Lin S. Indole methylation protects diketopiperazine configuration in the maremycin biosynthetic pathway. Sci China Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-016-0026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Gillie AD, Jannapu Reddy R, Davies PW. Efficient and Flexible Synthesis of Highly Functionalised 4‐Aminooxazoles by a Gold‐Catalysed Intermolecular Formal [3+2] Dipolar Cycloaddition. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Gillie
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K. Fax: (+44)‐(0)121‐414‐4403
| | - Raju Jannapu Reddy
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K. Fax: (+44)‐(0)121‐414‐4403
| | - Paul W. Davies
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K. Fax: (+44)‐(0)121‐414‐4403
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30
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Moraitis AA, Cordeaux Y, Charnock-Jones DS, Smith GCS. The Effect of an Oxytocin Receptor Antagonist (Retosiban, GSK221149A) on the Response of Human Myometrial Explants to Prolonged Mechanical Stretch. Endocrinology 2015. [PMID: 26207346 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Multiple pregnancy is a major cause of spontaneous preterm birth, which is related to uterine overdistention. The objective of this study was to determine whether an oxytocin receptor antagonist, retosiban (GSK221149A), inhibited the procontractile effect of stretch on human myometrium. Myometrial biopsies were obtained at term planned cesarean delivery (n = 12). Each biopsy specimen was dissected into 8 strips that were exposed in pairs to low or high stretch (0.6 or 2.4 g) in the presence of retosiban (1 μM) or vehicle (dimethylsulfoxide) for 24 hours. Subsequently, we analyzed the contractile responses to KCl and oxytocin in the absence of retosiban. We found that incubation under high stretch in vehicle alone increased the response of myometrial explants to both KCl (P = .007) and oxytocin (P = .01). However, there was no statistically significant effect of stretch when explants were incubated with retosiban (P = .3 and .2, respectively). Incubation with retosiban in low stretch had no statistically significant effect on the response to either KCl or oxytocin (P = .8 and >.9, respectively). Incubation with retosiban in high stretch resulted in a statistically significant reduction (median fold change, interquartile range, P) in the response to both KCl (0.74, 0.60-1.03, P = .046) and oxytocin (0.71, 0.53-0.91, P = .008). The greater the effect of stretch on explants from a given patient, the greater was the inhibitory effect of retosiban (r = -0.65, P = .02 for KCl and r= -0.73, P = .007 for oxytocin). These results suggest that retosiban prevented stretch-induced stimulation of human myometrial contractility. Retosiban treatment is a potential approach for preventing preterm birth in multiple pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros A Moraitis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, CB2 2SW, United Kingdom
| | - Yolande Cordeaux
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, CB2 2SW, United Kingdom
| | - D Stephen Charnock-Jones
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, CB2 2SW, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon C S Smith
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, CB2 2SW, United Kingdom
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31
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El-Gendy BEDM, Rateb ME. Antibacterial activity of diketopiperazines isolated from a marine fungus using t-butoxycarbonyl group as a simple tool for purification. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:3125-8. [PMID: 26099531 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nine diketopiperazines were characterized from the culture of marine fungal isolate MR2012 which based on DNA amplification and sequencing of the fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was identified as Aspergillus fumigatus. The isolated fungal metabolites 4-12 were unambiguously identified as a series of simple and re-arranged diketopiperazines by analysis of spectroscopic data. t-Butoxycarbonyl group (BOC) derivatization was used to separate the intractable mixture of 4 and 5. When all compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against gram positive bacteria, the isolated metabolites showed moderate to weak effects, while the semisynthetic derivatives 4a and 5a displayed strong activity comparable to the positive control, tetracycline against gram positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mostafa E Rateb
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt; Marine Biodiscovery Centre, University of Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, UK.
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32
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Giessen TW, Marahiel MA. Rational and combinatorial tailoring of bioactive cyclic dipeptides. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:785. [PMID: 26284060 PMCID: PMC4519757 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Modified cyclic dipeptides represent a diverse family of microbial secondary metabolites. They display a broad variety of biological and pharmacological activities and have long been recognized as privileged structures with the ability to bind to a wide range of receptors. This is due to their conformationally constrained 2, 5-diketopiperazine (DKP) scaffold and the diverse set of DKP tailoring enzymes present in nature. After initial DKP assembly through different biosynthetic systems modifying enzymes are responsible for installing functional groups crucial for the biological activities of the resulting modified DKPs. They represent a vast and largely untapped enzyme repository very useful for synthetic biology approaches aiming at introducing structural variations into DKP scaffolds. In this review we focus on these DKP modification enzymes found in various microbial secondary metabolite gene clusters. We will give a brief overview of their distribution and highlight a select number of characterized DKP tailoring enzymes before turning to their application potential in combinatorial biosynthesis with the aim of producing molecules with improved or entirely new biological and medicinally relevant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias W Giessen
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA ; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston MA, USA
| | - Mohamed A Marahiel
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg Marburg, Germany ; LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Philipps-University Marburg Marburg, Germany
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33
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Thornton S, Miller H, Valenzuela G, Snidow J, Stier B, Fossler MJ, Montague TH, Powell M, Beach KJ. Treatment of spontaneous preterm labour with retosiban: a phase 2 proof-of-concept study. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 80:740-9. [PMID: 25819462 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim was to investigate the efficacy and safety of intravenous retosiban in women with spontaneous preterm labour. METHODS This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Retosiban was administered intravenously for 48 h to women in spontaneous preterm labour between 30(0/7) and 35(6/7) weeks' gestation with an uncomplicated singleton pregnancy in an in-patient obstetric unit. Outcome measures were uterine quiescence (primary endpoint), days to delivery, preterm delivery and safety. RESULTS Uterine quiescence was achieved in 62% of women who received retosiban (n = 30) compared with 41% who received placebo (n = 34). The relative risk (RR) was 1.53 (95% credible interval [CrI] 0.98, 2.48; NS). Retosiban resulted in a significant increase in time to delivery compared with placebo (mean difference 8.2 days, 95% CrI 2.7, 13.74). This difference was consistent across all gestational ages. The proportion of preterm births in the retosiban and placebo groups was 18.7% (95% CrI 7.4%, 33.7%) and 47.2% (95% CrI 31.4%, 63.4%), respectively. The RR of preterm birth in women treated with retosiban was 0.38 (95% CrI 0.15, 0.81). There were no deliveries within 7 days in the retosiban group, but there were six (17.6%) births in the placebo group. The maternal, fetal and neonatal adverse events were comparable in the retosiban and placebo groups. CONCLUSIONS Intravenous administration of retosiban in women with spontaneous preterm labour was associated with a greater than 1 week increase in time to delivery compared with placebo, a significant reduction in preterm deliveries, a non-significant increase in uterine quiescence and a favourable safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hugh Miller
- Watching Over Mothers and Babies Foundation, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Jerry Snidow
- GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Marcy Powell
- GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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34
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Treder AP, Tremblay MC, Yudin AK, Marsault E. Solid-Phase Synthesis of Piperazinones via Disrupted Ugi Condensation. Org Lett 2014; 16:4674-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol5023118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam P. Treder
- Département
de Pharmacologie, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Marie-Claude Tremblay
- Département
de Pharmacologie, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Andrei K. Yudin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Davenport Building, rm. 362, 80
St. George, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Eric Marsault
- Département
de Pharmacologie, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4
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35
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Sinha MK, Khoury K, Herdtweck E, Dömling A. Various cyclization scaffolds by a truly Ugi 4-CR. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:4792-6. [PMID: 23760036 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40523k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Efficient access to a large chemical space based on new scaffolds with defined 3D conformations and highly variable in the side chains is needed to find novel functional materials. Four heterocyclic scaffolds based on a four component Ugi reaction of α-amino acids, oxo components, isocyanides and primary or secondary amines suitably functionalized are described. A handful of examples are described for each scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mantosh K Sinha
- University of Pittsburgh, Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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36
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Lukashuk EI, Kondratyuk KM, Prokopenko VM, Golovchenko AV, Brovarets VS. A convenient approach to synthesis of benzoxazol-2-ylglycine and benzothiazol-2-ylglycicne derivatives. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363213060364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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37
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Williams HD, Trevaskis NL, Charman SA, Shanker RM, Charman WN, Pouton CW, Porter CJH. Strategies to address low drug solubility in discovery and development. Pharmacol Rev 2013; 65:315-499. [PMID: 23383426 DOI: 10.1124/pr.112.005660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 979] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs with low water solubility are predisposed to low and variable oral bioavailability and, therefore, to variability in clinical response. Despite significant efforts to "design in" acceptable developability properties (including aqueous solubility) during lead optimization, approximately 40% of currently marketed compounds and most current drug development candidates remain poorly water-soluble. The fact that so many drug candidates of this type are advanced into development and clinical assessment is testament to an increasingly sophisticated understanding of the approaches that can be taken to promote apparent solubility in the gastrointestinal tract and to support drug exposure after oral administration. Here we provide a detailed commentary on the major challenges to the progression of a poorly water-soluble lead or development candidate and review the approaches and strategies that can be taken to facilitate compound progression. In particular, we address the fundamental principles that underpin the use of strategies, including pH adjustment and salt-form selection, polymorphs, cocrystals, cosolvents, surfactants, cyclodextrins, particle size reduction, amorphous solid dispersions, and lipid-based formulations. In each case, the theoretical basis for utility is described along with a detailed review of recent advances in the field. The article provides an integrated and contemporary discussion of current approaches to solubility and dissolution enhancement but has been deliberately structured as a series of stand-alone sections to allow also directed access to a specific technology (e.g., solid dispersions, lipid-based formulations, or salt forms) where required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hywel D Williams
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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38
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Khoury K, Sinha MK, Nagashima T, Herdtweck E, Dömling A. Efficient assembly of iminodicarboxamides by a "truly" four-component reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:10280-3. [PMID: 22968839 PMCID: PMC3874142 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201205366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A truly 4-component reaction! In analogy to a galaxy consisting of millions of stars a multicomponent reaction scaffold can result in millions of compound variations. The MCR of α-amino acids, oxocomponents, isocyanides and primary or secondary amines is such a high-number high-diversity reaction providing an enormous potential for drug discovery or catalyst screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareem Khoury
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Mantosh K. Sinha
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Tadamichi Nagashima
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Eberhardt Herdtweck
- Technische Universität München, Department Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie Lichtenbergstrasse 4 D-85747 Garching bei Munchen
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- University of Groningen Department of Drug Design A. Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands
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39
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Khoury K, Sinha MK, Nagashima T, Herdtweck E, Dömling A. Efficient Assembly of Iminodicarboxamides by a “Truly” Four-Component Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201205366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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40
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Dömling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.
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41
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Borthwick AD. 2,5-Diketopiperazines: synthesis, reactions, medicinal chemistry, and bioactive natural products. Chem Rev 2012; 112:3641-716. [PMID: 22575049 DOI: 10.1021/cr200398y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 606] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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42
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Manning M, Misicka A, Olma A, Bankowski K, Stoev S, Chini B, Durroux T, Mouillac B, Corbani M, Guillon G. Oxytocin and vasopressin agonists and antagonists as research tools and potential therapeutics. J Neuroendocrinol 2012; 24:609-28. [PMID: 22375852 PMCID: PMC3490377 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2012.02303.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We recently reviewed the status of peptide and nonpeptide agonists and antagonists for the V(1a), V(1b) and V(2) receptors for arginine vasopressin (AVP) and the oxytocin receptor for oxytocin (OT). In the present review, we update the status of peptides and nonpeptides as: (i) research tools and (ii) therapeutic agents. We also present our recent findings on the design of fluorescent ligands for V(1b) receptor localisation and for OT receptor dimerisation. We note the exciting discoveries regarding two novel naturally occurring analogues of OT. Recent reports of a selective VP V(1a) agonist and a selective OT agonist point to the continued therapeutic potential of peptides in this field. To date, only two nonpeptides, the V(2) /V(1a) antagonist, conivaptan and the V(2) antagonist tolvaptan have received Food and Drug Administration approval for clinical use. The development of nonpeptide AVP V(1a), V(1b) and V(2) antagonists and OT agonists and antagonists has recently been abandoned by Merck, Sanofi and Pfizer. A promising OT antagonist, Retosiban, developed at Glaxo SmithKline is currently in a Phase II clinical trial for the prevention of premature labour. A number of the nonpeptide ligands that were not successful in clinical trials are proving to be valuable as research tools. Peptide agonists and antagonists continue to be very widely used as research tools in this field. In this regard, we present receptor data on some of the most widely used peptide and nonpeptide ligands, as a guide for their use, especially with regard to receptor selectivity and species differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Manning
- Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614-2598, USA.
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43
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Enabling large-scale design, synthesis and validation of small molecule protein-protein antagonists. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32839. [PMID: 22427896 PMCID: PMC3299697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Although there is no shortage of potential drug targets, there are only a handful known low-molecular-weight inhibitors of protein-protein interactions (PPIs). One problem is that current efforts are dominated by low-yield high-throughput screening, whose rigid framework is not suitable for the diverse chemotypes present in PPIs. Here, we developed a novel pharmacophore-based interactive screening technology that builds on the role anchor residues, or deeply buried hot spots, have in PPIs, and redesigns these entry points with anchor-biased virtual multicomponent reactions, delivering tens of millions of readily synthesizable novel compounds. Application of this approach to the MDM2/p53 cancer target led to high hit rates, resulting in a large and diverse set of confirmed inhibitors, and co-crystal structures validate the designed compounds. Our unique open-access technology promises to expand chemical space and the exploration of the human interactome by leveraging in-house small-scale assays and user-friendly chemistry to rationally design ligands for PPIs with known structure.
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44
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Borthwick AD, Liddle J, Davies DE, Exall AM, Hamlett C, Hickey DM, Mason AM, Smith IED, Nerozzi F, Peace S, Pollard D, Sollis SL, Allen MJ, Woollard PM, Pullen MA, Westfall TD, Stanislaus DJ. Pyridyl-2,5-Diketopiperazines as Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable Oxytocin Antagonists: Synthesis, Pharmacokinetics, and In Vivo Potency. J Med Chem 2012; 55:783-96. [DOI: 10.1021/jm201287w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael J. Allen
- Department of Assay Development
and Compound Profiling, Harlow Research 2, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers, Science Park, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AD,
U.K
| | | | - Mark A. Pullen
- Department of Urogenital Biology,
Cardiovascular and Urogenital Center of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania,
United States
| | - Timothy D. Westfall
- Department of Urogenital Biology,
Cardiovascular and Urogenital Center of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania,
United States
| | - Dinesh J. Stanislaus
- Safety Assessment, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania,
United States
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45
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Xu Z, Shaw AY, Dietrich J, Cappelli AP, Nichol G, Hulme C. Facile, novel two-step syntheses of benzimidazoles, bis-benzimidazoles, and bis-benzimidazole-dihydroquinoxalines. Mol Divers 2012; 16:73-9. [PMID: 22237832 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-011-9354-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Three scaffolds of benzimidazoles, bis-benzimidazoles, and bis-benzimidazole-dihydroquinoxalines were synthesized via Ugi/de-protection/cyclization methodology. Benzimidazole forming ring closure was enabled under microwave irradiation in the presence of 10% TFA/DCE. The methodology demonstrates the utility of 2-(N-Boc-amino)-phenyl-isocyanide for the generation of new molecular diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, BIO5 Oro Valley, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Lesma G, Cecchi R, Crippa S, Giovanelli P, Meneghetti F, Musolino M, Sacchetti A, Silvani A. Ugi 4-CR/Pictet–Spengler reaction as a short route to tryptophan-derived peptidomimetics. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:9004-12. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26301g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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47
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Young RJ, Green DV, Luscombe CN, Hill AP. Getting physical in drug discovery II: the impact of chromatographic hydrophobicity measurements and aromaticity. Drug Discov Today 2011; 16:822-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 05/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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48
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Dömling A, Hulme C. Special issue on Mini-MCR issue and SCS-09--Second International Symposium on Combinatorial Sciences in Biology, Chemistry, Catalysts and Materials. Editorial. Mol Divers 2011; 15:1-2. [PMID: 21373985 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-011-9308-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Roughley SD, Jordan AM. The Medicinal Chemist’s Toolbox: An Analysis of Reactions Used in the Pursuit of Drug Candidates. J Med Chem 2011; 54:3451-79. [PMID: 21504168 DOI: 10.1021/jm200187y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1728] [Impact Index Per Article: 132.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Allan M. Jordan
- Cancer Research UK Drug Discovery Unit, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, U.K
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Chen G, He G, Xue C, Fu C, Ma S. Diversified assembly of perfluoroalkyl-substituted furans and 2,5-dihydrofuran-2-ols. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.10.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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