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Schwan WR. SK-03-92 Drug Kills Intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1385. [PMID: 37760682 PMCID: PMC10525840 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12091385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis affects millions of people worldwide. The emergence of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains has made treatment more difficult. A drug discovery project initiated to screen natural products identified a lead stilbene compound, and structure function analysis of hundreds of analogs led to the discovery of the SK-03-92 stilbene lead compound with activity against several non-tuberculoid mycobacteria. METHODS For this study, an MIC analysis and intracellular killing assay were performed to test SK-03-92 against M. tuberculosis grown in vitro as well as within murine macrophage cells. RESULTS The MIC analysis showed that SK-03-92 had activity against M. tuberculosis in the range of 0.39 to 6.25 μg/mL, including activity against single-drug-resistant strains. Further, an intracellular kill assay demonstrated that the SK-03-92 lead compound killed M. tuberculosis cells within murine macrophage cells. CONCLUSION Together, the data show the SK-03-92 lead compound can kill M. tuberculosis bacteria within mammalian macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Schwan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, 1725 State St., La Crosse, WI 54601, USA
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2
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Heteroaryl-Ethylenes as New Lead Compounds in the Fight against High Priority Bacterial Strains. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10091034. [PMID: 34572616 PMCID: PMC8466554 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10091034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of antibiotics has led to a gradual increase in drug-resistant bacterial infections, which severely weakens the clinical efficacy of antibacterial therapies. In recent decades, stilbenes aroused great interest because of their high bioavailability, as well as their manifold biological activity. Our research efforts are focused on synthetic heteroaromatic stilbene derivatives as they represent a potentially new type of antibiotic with a wide antibacterial spectrum. Herein, a preliminary molecular modeling study and a versatile synthetic scheme allowed us to define eight heteroaromatic stilbene derivatives with potential antimicrobial activity. In order to evaluate our compound’s activity spectrum and antibacterial ability, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) tests have been performed on Gram-positive and Gram-negative ATCC strains. Compounds PB4, PB5, PB7, and PB8 showed the best values in terms of MIC and were also evaluated for MBC, which was found to be greater than MIC, confirming a bacteriostatic activity. For all compounds, we evaluated toxicity on colon-rectal adenocarcinoma cells tumor cells (CaCo2), once it was established that the whole selected set was more active than 5-Fluorouracil in reducing CaCo-2 cells viability. To the best of our knowledge, the biological assays have shown for these derivatives an excellent bacteriostatic activity, compared to similar molecular structures previously reported, thus paving the way for a new class of antibiotic compounds.
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Stilbenoids: A Natural Arsenal against Bacterial Pathogens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9060336. [PMID: 32570824 PMCID: PMC7345618 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9060336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The escalating emergence of resistant bacterial strains is one of the most important threats to human health. With the increasing incidence of multi-drugs infections, there is an urgent need to restock our antibiotic arsenal. Natural products are an invaluable source of inspiration in drug design and development. One of the most widely distributed groups of natural products in the plant kingdom is represented by stilbenoids. Stilbenoids are synthesised by plants as means of protection against pathogens, whereby the potential antimicrobial activity of this class of natural compounds has attracted great interest in the last years. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of recent achievements in the study of stilbenoids as antimicrobial agents, with particular emphasis on the sources, chemical structures, and the mechanism of action of the most promising natural compounds. Attention has been paid to the main structure modifications on the stilbenoid core that have expanded the antimicrobial activity with respect to the parent natural compounds, opening the possibility of their further development. The collected results highlight the therapeutic versatility of natural and synthetic resveratrol derivatives and provide a prospective insight into their potential development as antimicrobial agents.
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Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial evaluation of novel urea, sulfonamide and acetamide 3,4-dihydropyrazino[1,2-a]indol-1(2H)-one derivatives. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2015.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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Dyachenko NV, Khoroshutin AV, Sotnikova YA, Karnoukhova VA, Tokarev SD, Anisimov AV, Fedorov YV, Fedorova OA. Synthesis of fused heterocyclic systems via the Mallory photoreaction of arylthienylethenes. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:2901-2911. [PMID: 31657424 DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00289h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Photochemical oxidative cyclization of 2- and 3-thienylstilbenes (heterostilbenes) containing mono-, di- and trimethoxy groups in the benzene ring or heterocyclic fragment results in the formation of isomeric thieno-annelated polycyclic aromatic compounds demonstrating optical properties that differ from those of initial stilbene derivatives. The structures of cyclic products were evaluated via1H and 13C NMR, HRMS, elemental analysis and X-ray crystallography. The research was aimed to study the effect of substituents in stilbene derivatives of thiophene as well as the position of the styryl fragment in the thiophene nucleus on the occurrence of photocyclization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Dyachenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119992 Moscow, Russia. and A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova str., 119991, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Andrey V Khoroshutin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119992 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Yulia A Sotnikova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119992 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Valentina A Karnoukhova
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova str., 119991, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Sergey D Tokarev
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119992 Moscow, Russia. and A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova str., 119991, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexander V Anisimov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119992 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Yurii V Fedorov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova str., 119991, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Olga A Fedorova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119992 Moscow, Russia. and A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova str., 119991, Moscow, Russia.
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Zakova T, Rondevaldova J, Bernardos A, Landa P, Kokoska L. The relationship between structure and in vitro antistaphylococcal effect of plant-derived stilbenes. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2018; 65:467-476. [PMID: 30203690 DOI: 10.1556/030.65.2018.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen that is responsible for both hospital- and community-acquired infections. Stilbenes are polyphenol compounds of plant origin known to possess a variety of pharmacological properties, such as antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal effects. This study reports the in vitro growth-inhibitory potential of eight naturally occurring stilbenes against six standard strains and two clinical isolates of S. aureus, using a broth microdilution method, and expressing the results as minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Pterostilbene (MICs = 32-128 μg/ml), piceatannol (MICs = 64-256 μg/ml), and pinostilbene (MICs = 128 μg/ml) are among the active compounds that possess the strongest activity against all microorganisms tested, followed by 3'-hydroxypterostilbene, isorhapontigenin, oxyresveratrol, and rhapontigenin with MICs 128-256 μg/ml. Resveratrol (MIC = 256 μg/ml) exhibited only weak inhibitory effect. Furthermore, structure-activity relationships were studied. Hydroxyl groups at ortho-position (B-3' and -4') played crucial roles for the inhibitory effect of hydroxystilbene piceatannol. Compounds with methoxy groups at ring A (3'-hydroxypterostilbene, pinostilbene, and pterostilbene) produced stronger effect against S. aureus than their analogues (isorhapontigenin and rhapontigenin) with methoxy groups at ring B. These findings provide arguments for further investigation of stilbenes as prospective leading structures for development of novel antistaphylococcal agents for topical treatment of skin infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Zakova
- 1 Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Johana Rondevaldova
- 1 Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Bernardos
- 2 Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Department of Quality of Agricultural Products, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Premysl Landa
- 3 Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Kokoska
- 1 Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Identification of Staphylococcus aureus Cellular Pathways Affected by the Stilbenoid Lead Drug SK-03-92 Using a Microarray. Antibiotics (Basel) 2017; 6:antibiotics6030017. [PMID: 28892020 PMCID: PMC5617981 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics6030017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of action for a new lead stilbene compound coded SK-03-92 with bactericidal activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is unknown. To gain insight into the killing process, transcriptional profiling was performed on SK-03-92 treated vs. untreated S. aureus. Fourteen genes were upregulated and 38 genes downregulated by SK-03-92 treatment. Genes involved in sortase A production, protein metabolism, and transcriptional regulation were upregulated, whereas genes encoding transporters, purine synthesis proteins, and a putative two-component system (SACOL2360 (MW2284) and SACOL2361 (MW2285)) were downregulated by SK-03-92 treatment. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses validated upregulation of srtA and tdk as well as downregulation of the MW2284/MW2285 and purine biosynthesis genes in the drug-treated population. A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of MW2284 and MW2285 mutants compared to wild-type cells demonstrated that the srtA gene was upregulated by both putative two-component regulatory gene mutants compared to the wild-type strain. Using a transcription profiling technique, we have identified several cellular pathways regulated by SK-03-92 treatment, including a putative two-component system that may regulate srtA and other genes that could be tied to the SK-03-92 mechanism of action, biofilm formation, and drug persisters.
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9
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Sweeney NL, Lipker L, Hanson AM, Bohl CJ, Engel KE, Kalous KS, Stemper ME, Sem DS, Schwan WR. Docking into Mycobacterium tuberculosis Thioredoxin Reductase Protein Yields Pyrazolone Lead Molecules for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotics (Basel) 2017; 6:antibiotics6010004. [PMID: 28134858 PMCID: PMC5372984 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics6010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase system (Trx/TrxR) is an attractive drug target because of its involvement in a number of important physiological processes, from DNA synthesis to regulating signal transduction. This study describes the finding of pyrazolone compounds that are active against Staphylococcus aureus. Initially, the project was focused on discovering small molecules that may have antibacterial properties targeting the Mycobacterium tuberculosis thioredoxin reductase. This led to the discovery of a pyrazolone scaffold-containing compound series that showed bactericidal capability against S. aureus strains, including drug-resistant clinical isolates. The findings support continued development of the pyrazolone compounds as potential anti-S. aureus antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreena L Sweeney
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Concordia University Wisconsin, 12800 N Lake Shore Dr, Mequon, WI 53097, USA.
| | - Lauren Lipker
- Department of Microbiology, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA.
| | - Alicia M Hanson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Concordia University Wisconsin, 12800 N Lake Shore Dr, Mequon, WI 53097, USA.
| | - Chris J Bohl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Concordia University Wisconsin, 12800 N Lake Shore Dr, Mequon, WI 53097, USA.
| | - Katie E Engel
- Department of Microbiology, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA.
| | - Kelsey S Kalous
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Wauwatosa, WI 53226, USA.
| | - Mary E Stemper
- Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield, WI 54449, USA.
| | - Daniel S Sem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Concordia University Wisconsin, 12800 N Lake Shore Dr, Mequon, WI 53097, USA.
| | - William R Schwan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA.
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Weng JQ, Ali A, Estep A, Becnel J, Meyer SLF, Wedge DE, Jacob M, Rimando AM. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 3,5-Dimethoxystilbene Analogs. Chem Biodivers 2016; 13:1165-1177. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201500516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Quan Weng
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit; Agricultural Research Service; U.S. Department of Agriculture; P.O. Box 1848 University Mississippi 38677 USA
| | - Abbas Ali
- National Center for Natural Products Research; The University of Mississippi; University Mississippi 38677 USA
| | - Alden Estep
- Mosquito and Fly Research Unit; Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology; 1600 S.W. 23rd Drive Gainesville Florida 32608 USA
| | - James Becnel
- Mosquito and Fly Research Unit; Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology; 1600 S.W. 23rd Drive Gainesville Florida 32608 USA
| | - Susan L. F. Meyer
- Nematology Laboratory; Agricultural Research Service; Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center - West; U.S. Department of Agriculture; Beltsville Maryland 20705 USA
| | - David E. Wedge
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit; Agricultural Research Service; U.S. Department of Agriculture; P.O. Box 1848 University Mississippi 38677 USA
| | - Melissa Jacob
- National Center for Natural Products Research; The University of Mississippi; University Mississippi 38677 USA
| | - Agnes M. Rimando
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit; Agricultural Research Service; U.S. Department of Agriculture; P.O. Box 1848 University Mississippi 38677 USA
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Schwan WR, Kolesar JM, Kabir MS, Elder EJ, Williams JB, Minerath R, Cook JM, Witzigmann CM, Monte A, Flaherty T. Pharmacokinetic/Toxicity Properties of the New Anti-Staphylococcal Lead Compound SK-03-92. Antibiotics (Basel) 2015; 4:617-626. [PMID: 26877886 PMCID: PMC4748848 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics4040617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of the potential of a new anti-staphylococcal lead compound SK-03-92 as a topical antibiotic, a patch, or an orally active drug, we sought to determine its safety profile and oral bioavailability. SK-03-92 had a high IC50 (125 μg/mL) in vitro against several mammalian cell lines, and mice injected intraperiteonally at the highest dose did not exhibit gross toxicity (e.g., altered gait, ungroomed, significant weight loss). Single dose (100 μg/g) pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis with formulated SK-03-92 showed that peak plasma concentration (1.64 μg/mL) was achieved at 20–30 min. Oral relative bioavailability was 8%, and the drug half-life was 20–30 min, demonstrating that SK-03-92 is likely not a candidate for oral delivery. Five-day and two-week PK analyses demonstrated that SK-03-92 plasma levels were low. Multi-dose analysis showed no gross adverse effects to the mice and a SK-03-92 peak plasma concentration of 2.12 μg/mL with the presence of significant concentrations of breakdown products 15 min after dosing. SK-03-92 appeared to be very safe based on tissue culture and mouse gross toxicity determinations, but the peak plasma concentration suggests that a pro-drug of SK-03-92 or preparation of analogs of SK-03-92 with greater bioavailability and longer half-lives are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R. Schwan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, 1725 State St., La Crosse, WI 54601, USA; E-Mails: (R.M.); (T.F.)
- Emerging Technology Center for Pharmaceutical Development, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, 1725 State St., La Crosse, WI 54601, USA; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-608-785-6980
| | - Jill M. Kolesar
- Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; E-Mail:
| | - M. Shahjahan Kabir
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA; E-Mails: (M.S.K.); (J.M.C.); (C.M.W.)
| | - Edmund J. Elder
- Zeeh Pharmaceutical Experiment Station, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; E-Mails: (E.J.E.); (J.B.W.)
| | - Jeffrey B. Williams
- Zeeh Pharmaceutical Experiment Station, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; E-Mails: (E.J.E.); (J.B.W.)
| | - Rachel Minerath
- Department of Microbiology, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, 1725 State St., La Crosse, WI 54601, USA; E-Mails: (R.M.); (T.F.)
| | - James M. Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA; E-Mails: (M.S.K.); (J.M.C.); (C.M.W.)
| | - Christopher M. Witzigmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA; E-Mails: (M.S.K.); (J.M.C.); (C.M.W.)
| | - Aaron Monte
- Emerging Technology Center for Pharmaceutical Development, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, 1725 State St., La Crosse, WI 54601, USA; E-Mail:
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, 1725 State St., La Crosse, WI 54601, USA
| | - Tricia Flaherty
- Department of Microbiology, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, 1725 State St., La Crosse, WI 54601, USA; E-Mails: (R.M.); (T.F.)
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Tiruveedhula VVNPB, Witzigmann CM, Verma R, Kabir MS, Rott M, Schwan WR, Medina-Bielski S, Lane M, Close W, Polanowski RL, Sherman D, Monte A, Deschamps JR, Cook JM. Design and synthesis of novel antimicrobials with activity against Gram-positive bacteria and mycobacterial species, including M. tuberculosis. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:7830-40. [PMID: 24200931 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The alarming increase in bacterial resistance over the last decade along with a dramatic decrease in new treatments for infections has led to problems in the healthcare industry. Tuberculosis (TB) is caused mainly by Mycobacterium tuberculosis which is responsible for 1.4 million deaths per year. A world-wide threat with HIV co-infected with multi and extensively drug-resistant strains of TB has emerged. In this regard, herein, novel acrylic acid ethyl ester derivatives were synthesized in simple, efficient routes and evaluated as potential agents against several Mycobacterium species. These were synthesized via a stereospecific process for structure activity relationship (SAR) studies. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays indicated that esters 12, 13, and 20 exhibited greater in vitro activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis than rifampin, one of the current, first-line anti-mycobacterial chemotherapeutic agents. Based on these studies the acrylic ester 20 has been developed as a potential lead compound which was found to have an MIC value of 0.4 μg/mL against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The SAR and biological activity of this series is presented; a Michael-acceptor mechanism appears to be important for potent activity of this series of analogs.
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Kaewmanee N, Chantrapromma S, Boonnak N, Fun HK. 4-[(E)-(4-Eth-oxy-benzyl-idene)amino]-phenol. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2013; 69:o903-4. [PMID: 23795078 PMCID: PMC3685059 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536813012580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The molecule of the title compound, C15H15NO2, adopts a trans conformation with respect to the methylidene C=N bond and is twisted with a dihedral angle of 26.31 (5)° between the two substituted benzene rings. The ethoxy group is almost coplanar with the bound benzene ring with a C—O—C—C torsion angle of −179.08 (9)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked by O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds and weak C—H⋯O interactions into chains propagating in the [011] and [01-1] directions. C—H⋯π interactions are also present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narissara Kaewmanee
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
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Schwan WR, Kallaus M, Krueger S, Monte A, Kabir MS, Cook JM. Synthesis and minimum inhibitory concentrations of SK-03-92 against Staphylococcus aureus and other gram-positive bacteria. J Infect Chemother 2012; 18:124-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s10156-011-0273-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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15
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Siwek A, Stączek P, Stefańska J. Synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies of 4-arylthiosemicarbazides as topoisomerase IV inhibitors with Gram-positive antibacterial activity. Search for molecular basis of antibacterial activity of thiosemicarbazides. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:5717-26. [PMID: 21978836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
1-(indol-2-carbonyl)-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-thiosemicarbazide was synthesized and antibacterial and type IIA topoisomerases (DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV) activity was evaluated. It was found that it shows activity against Gram-positive bacteria with MICs of 50 μg/mL and inhibitory action against topoisomerase IV with an IC(50) of 14 μM. Although modification of its structure resulted in molecules with a lower biological profile, our observations strongly implicate that thiosemicarbazide derivatives participate in at least two different mechanisms of antibacterial activity; one is connected with the inhibition of topoisomerase IV, while the nature of the other cannot be elucidated from the limited data collected thus far. The differences in bioactivity further investigated by the molecular modeling approach and docking studies suggest that inhibitory activity of 4-arylthiosemicarbazides is connected with electronic structure rather than the geometry of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Siwek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
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Albert S, Horbach R, Deising HB, Siewert B, Csuk R. Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of (E) stilbene derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:5155-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2011] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kabir MS, Lorenz M, Namjoshi OA, Cook JM. First application of an efficient and versatile ligand for copper-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of vinyl halides with N-heterocycles and phenols. Org Lett 2010; 12:464-7. [PMID: 20039699 DOI: 10.1021/ol9026446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
2-Pyridin-2-yl-1H-benzoimidazole L3 is presented as a new, efficient, and versatile bidentate N-donor ligand suitable for the copper-catalyzed formation of vinyl C-N and C-O bonds. This inexpensive and easily prepared ligand facilitates copper-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of alkenyl bromides and iodides with N-heterocycles and phenols to afford the desired cross-coupled products in good to excellent yields with full retention of stereochemistry. This method is particularly noteworthy given its efficiency, that is, mild reaction conditions, low catalyst loading, simplicity, versatility, and exceptional level of functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shahjahan Kabir
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
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Synthesis, Isolation and Crystal Structure Characterization of (Z)-4'-(1-Phenyl-2-p-tolylvinyl)biphenyl-4-carbaldehyde. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2009. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2009.30.10.2481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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