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Chen P, Li C, Chen L, Li X, Zhu S. Citrus-derived flavanones as neuraminidase inhibitors: In vitro and in silico study. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 277:116758. [PMID: 39151273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Neuraminidase (NA) has been well-studied as a therapeutic target for Influenza. However, resistance to the influenza virus has been observed recently. Out of special interest in the utilization of dietary antivirals from citrus, in vitro inhibition activity against NA and in silico studies including molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulation, and a predictive ADMET study, were performed on five citrus-derived flavanones. Encouragingly, citrus-derived flavanones displayed comparable or even more potent in vitro inhibitory activity than oseltamivir carboxylate against NA. Orange peel extract exhibited higher activity than hesperidin. Among the tested compounds, neohesperidin, forming strong hydrogen-bonding interactions with key arginine residues, exhibited the most effective inhibitory activity against NAs from C. perfringens, consistent with the results of molecular dynamics simulations. Although the molecular docking results were inconsistent with the in vitro activity, the binding energy was identical against the wild-type and mutant, suggesting a lower likelihood of developing drug resistance. Moreover, predictive ADMET studies showed favorable pharmacokinetic properties for the tested compounds. Overall, citrus fruit peel emerges as a promising dietary supplement for prevention and treatment of influenza. These findings elucidate the impact of flavanones on NA activity, and the analysis of their binding modes provides valuable insights into the mechanism of NA inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Xinpeng Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Siming Zhu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China.
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2
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Yuan JJ, Meng YF, Zhang MS, Guo DL, Yang JW, Dong MJ, Sun CX, Xiao SJ. Isoprenoid flavonoids isolated from Sophora davidii and their activities induces apoptosis and autophagy in HT29 cells. Fitoterapia 2024; 175:105945. [PMID: 38575091 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Four previously undescribed isoprenoid flavonoids (2-5) were isolated from Sophora davidii, along with five known analogues. The structures of the compounds were established through comprehensive analysis of spectroscopic data, including HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR, and absolute configurations determined by theoretical calculations, including ECD and NMR calculation. The cytotoxic effects of the isolated compounds on human HT29 colon cancer cells were evaluated using the MTT assay, compound 1 exhibited cytotoxicity against human HT29 colon cancer cells with an IC50 value of 8.39 ± 0.09 μM. Studies conducted with compound 1 in HT29 cells demonstrated that it may induce apoptosis and autophagy in HT29 by promoting the phosphorylation of P38 MAPK and inhibiting the phosphorylation of Erk MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yu-Fan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Mao-Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Da-Le Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jian-Wen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Min-Jian Dong
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Cheng-Xin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China.
| | - Shi-Ji Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China.
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3
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Susilawati E, Levita J, Susilawati Y, Sumiwi SA. Pharmacology activity, toxicity, and clinical trials of Erythrina genus plants (Fabaceae): an evidence-based review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1281150. [PMID: 38044940 PMCID: PMC10690608 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1281150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of using plants to alleviate diseases is always challenging. In West Java, Indonesia, a local plant, named dadap serep has been traditionally used to reduce blood glucose, fever, and edema, by pounding the leaves and applying them on the inflamed skin, or boiled and consumed as herbal tea. This plant belongs to the Erythrina genus, which covers approximately 120 species. The scope of this review (1943-2023) is related to the Global Development Goals, in particular Goal 3: Good Health and Wellbeing, by focusing on the pharmacology activity, toxicity, and clinical trials of Erythrina genus plants and their metabolites, e.g., pterocarpans, alkaloids, and flavonoids. Articles were searched on PubMed and ScienceDirect databases, using "Erythrina" AND "pharmacology activity" keywords, and only original articles written in English and open access were included. In vitro and in vivo studies reveal promising results, particularly for antibacterial and anticancer activities. The toxicity and clinical studies of Erythrina genus plants are limitedly reported. Considering that extensive caution should be taken when prescribing botanical drugs for patients parallelly taking a narrow therapeutic window drug, it is confirmed that no interactions of the Erythrina genus were recorded, indicating the safety of the studied plants. We, therefore, concluded that Erythrina genus plants are promising to be further explored for their effects in various signaling pathways as future plant-based drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elis Susilawati
- Doctoral Program in Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bhakti Kencana University, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Jutti Levita
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Yasmiwar Susilawati
- Department of Biology Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Sri Adi Sumiwi
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
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Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Cajanin, an Isoflavonoid Derivative Isolated from Canavalia lineata Pods. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169492. [PMID: 36012755 PMCID: PMC9409483 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioactive components of Canavalia lineata (Thunb.) DC pods were investigated using bioactivity-guided isolation, and the chemical structures of flavonoids 1–3, isoflavonoid derivatives 4–11, and phenolic compounds 12 and 13 were identified by comparing NMR, MS, and CD spectral data with previously reported spectroscopic data. Compounds 1–13 were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Among these compounds, the isoflavonoid derivative cajanin (7) exhibited the most potent anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 of NO = 19.38 ± 0.05 µM; IC50 of IL-6 = 7.78 ± 0.04 µM; IC50 of TNF-α = 26.82 ± 0.11 µM), exerting its anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing the activation and nuclear translocation of the transcription factor NF-κB by phosphorylating IκB and p65. These results suggested that cajanin (7) may be a potential candidate for improving the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Devi AB, Sarala R. Substantial effect of phytochemical constituents against the pandemic disease influenza-a review. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021; 7:120. [PMID: 34150912 PMCID: PMC8196934 DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00269-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Influenza is an acute respiratory tract infection caused by the influenza virus. Vaccination and antiviral drugs are the two methods opted to control the disease. Besides their efficiency, they also cause adverse side effects. Hence, scientists turned their attention to powerful herbal medicines. This review put focus on various proven, scientifically validated anti-influenza compounds produced by the plants suggested for the production of newer drugs for the better treatment of influenza and its related antiviral diseases too. Main body In this review, fifty medicinal herb phytochemical constituents and their anti-influenza activities have been documented. Specifically, this review brings out the accurate and substantiates mechanisms of action of these constituents. This study categorizes the phytochemical constituents into primary and secondary metabolites which provide a source for synthesizing and developing new drugs. Conclusion This article provides a summary of the actions of the herbal constituents. Since the mechanisms of action of the components are elucidated, the pandemic situation arising due to influenza and similar antiviral diseases can be handled promisingly with greater efficiency. However, clinical trials are in great demand. The formulation of usage may be a single drug compound or multi-herbal combination. These, in turn, open up a new arena for the pharmaceutical industries to develop innovative drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Brindha Devi
- Department of Botany, Periyar EVR College (Autonomous), (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Trichy-24), Trichy-620 023, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Sarala
- Department of Botany, Periyar EVR College (Autonomous), (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Trichy-24), Trichy-620 023, Tamil Nadu, India
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Zitterl-Eglseer K, Marschik T. Antiviral Medicinal Plants of Veterinary Importance: A Literature Review. PLANTA MEDICA 2020; 86:1058-1072. [PMID: 32777833 DOI: 10.1055/a-1224-6115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Viruses have a high mutation rate, and, thus, there is a continual emergence of new antiviral-resistant strains. Therefore, it becomes imperative to explore and develop new antiviral compounds continually. The search for pharmacological substances of plant origin that are effective against animal viruses, which have a high mortality rate or cause large economic losses, has garnered interest in the last few decades. This systematic review compiles 130 plant species that exhibit antiviral activity on 37 different virus species causing serious diseases in animals. The kind of extract, fraction, or compound exhibiting the antiviral activity and the design of the trial were particularly considered for review. The literature revealed details regarding plant species exhibiting antiviral activities against pathogenic animal virus species of the following families-Herpesviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Parvoviridae, Poxviridae, Nimaviridae, Coronaviridae, Reoviridae, and Rhabdoviridae-that cause infections, among others, in poultry, cattle, pigs, horses, shrimps, and fish. Overall, 30 plant species exhibited activity against various influenza viruses, most of them causing avian influenza. Furthermore, 30 plant species were noted to be active against Newcastle disease virus. In addition, regarding the pathogens most frequently investigated, this review provides a compilation of 20 plant species active against bovine herpesvirus, 16 against fowlpox virus, 12 against white spot syndrome virus in marine shrimps, and 10 against suide herpesvirus. Nevertheless, some plant extracts, particularly their compounds, are promising candidates for the development of new antiviral remedies, which are urgently required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Zitterl-Eglseer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tatiana Marschik
- Unit of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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Chen H, Yang J, Hao J, Lv Y, Chen L, Lin Q, Yuan J, Yang X. A Novel Flavonoid Kushenol Z from Sophora flavescens Mediates mTOR Pathway by Inhibiting Phosphodiesterase and Akt Activity to Induce Apoptosis in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24244425. [PMID: 31817093 PMCID: PMC6943755 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The roots of Sophora flavescens (SF) are clinically used as a traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of various lung diseases. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which SF inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. A new compound, kushenol Z (KZ), and 14 known flavonoids were isolated from SF. KZ, sophoraflavanone G, and kushenol A demonstrated potent cytotoxicity against NSCLC cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner; KZ showed a wide therapeutic window. We also found that KZ induced NSCLC cell apoptosis by increasing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and by activating caspase-3 and caspase-9 leading to mitochondrial apoptosis, and upregulated CHOP and activatedcaspase-7 and caspase-12, which triggered the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway. After KZ treatment, we observed cAMP accumulation, which reflected the inhibition of cAMP-phosphodiesterase (PDE), along with the increase in PKA activity; additionally, phospho-p70 S6 kinase was downregulated. KZ also attenuated the phosphorylation of Akt and PRAS40, which was partially rescued by an Akt activator. This suggested that KZ mediated the antiproliferative activity in NSCLC cells by inhibiting the mTOR pathway through the inhibition of cAMP-PDE and Akt. These findings suggested that KZ may be used as a promising cAMP-PDE and Akt inhibitor in targeted chemotherapeutic drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Guangxi Scientific Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China;
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China; (J.Y.); (J.H.); (Y.L.); (Q.L.)
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China; (J.Y.); (J.H.); (Y.L.); (Q.L.)
| | - Ji Hao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China; (J.Y.); (J.H.); (Y.L.); (Q.L.)
| | - Yibing Lv
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China; (J.Y.); (J.H.); (Y.L.); (Q.L.)
| | - Lu Chen
- Guangxi Institute of Medicinal Plant, Nanning 530023, China;
| | - Qinxiong Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China; (J.Y.); (J.H.); (Y.L.); (Q.L.)
| | - Jingquan Yuan
- Guangxi Scientific Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China;
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (X.Y.); Tel./Fax: +86-771-394-6492 (J.Y.); +86-27-6784-1196 (X.Y.)
| | - Xinzhou Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China; (J.Y.); (J.H.); (Y.L.); (Q.L.)
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (X.Y.); Tel./Fax: +86-771-394-6492 (J.Y.); +86-27-6784-1196 (X.Y.)
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Yang J, Fei J, Su H, Tian H, Huang S, Yang P, Mao D, Hu S. Flavonoids From the Flowers of Sophora davidii and Their Anti-Tobacco Mosaic Virus Activities. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19856786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, China
| | - Jiaxiang Fei
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, China
| | - Haijian Su
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Shandong Industrial Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Haiying Tian
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shen Huang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, China
| | - Pengfei Yang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, China
| | - Duobin Mao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, China
| | - Sulin Hu
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Shandong Industrial Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
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Wang HY, Li T, Ji R, Xu F, Liu GX, Li YL, Shang MY, Cai SQ. Metabolites of Medicarpin and Their Distributions in Rats. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24101966. [PMID: 31121832 PMCID: PMC6572127 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicarpin is a bioactive pterocarpan that has been attracting increasing attention in recent years. However, its metabolic fate in vivo is still unknown. To clarify its metabolism and the distribution of its metabolites in rats after oral administration, the HPLC-ESI-IT-TOF-MSn technique was used. A total of 165 new metabolites (13 phase I and 152 phase II metabolites) were tentatively identified, and 104, 29, 38, 41, 74, 28, 24, 15, 42, 8, 10, 3, and 17 metabolites were identified in urine, feces, plasma, the colon, intestine, stomach, liver, spleen, kidney, lung, heart, brain, and thymus, respectively. Metabolic reactions included demethylation, hydrogenation, hydroxylation, glucuronidation, sulfation, methylation, glycosylation, and vitamin C conjugation. M1 (medicarpin glucuronide), M5 (vestitol-1'-O-glucuronide) were distributed to 10 organs, and M1 was the most abundant metabolite in seven organs. Moreover, we found that isomerization of medicarpin must occur in vivo. At least 93 metabolites were regarded as potential new compounds by retrieving information from the Scifinder database. This is the first detailed report on the metabolism of ptercarpans in animals, which will help to deepen the understanding of the metabolism characteristics of medicarpin in vivo and provide a solid basis for further studies on the metabolism of other pterocarpans in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Teng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Rui Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No.24, Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Feng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Guang-Xue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yao-Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Ming-Ying Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Shao-Qing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
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Lee JY, Abundo MEC, Lee CW. Herbal Medicines with Antiviral Activity Against the Influenza Virus, a Systematic Review. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 46:1663-1700. [PMID: 30612461 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x18500854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The rapidly changing influenza virus has remained a consistent threat to the well-being of a variety of species on the planet. Influenza virus' high mutation rate has allowed the virus to rapidly and continuously evolve, as well as generate new strains that are resistant to the current commercially available antivirals. Thus, the increased resistance has compelled the scientific community to explore alternative compounds that have antiviral effects against influenza virus. In this paper, the authors systematically review numerous herbal extracts that were shown to have antiviral effects against the virus. Specifically, the herbal antiviral targets mainly include hemagglutinin, neuraminidase and matrix 2 proteins. In some instances, herbal extracts inhibited the replication of oseltamivir-resistant strains and certain pentacyclic triterpenes exhibited higher antiviral activity than oseltamivir. This paper also explores the possibility of targeting various host-cell signaling pathways that are utilized by the virus during its replication process. Infected cell pathways are hijacked by intracellular signaling cascades such as NF-kB signaling, PI3K/Akt pathway, MAPK pathway and PKC/PKR signaling cascades. Herbal antivirals have been shown to target these pathways by suppressing nuclear export of influenza vRNP and thus inhibiting the phosphorylation signaling cascade. In conclusion, copious amounts of herbal antivirals have been shown to inhibit influenza virus, however further studies are needed for these new compounds to be up to modern pharmacological standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Young Lee
- * Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,‡ Mom-Pyon Han Pharmacy, Nambusoonhwan-ro 770, Seosan City, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael Edward C Abundo
- * Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,† Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Chang-Won Lee
- * Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,† Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Effectiveness of Prenyl Group on Flavonoids from Epimedium koreanum Nakai on Bacterial Neuraminidase Inhibition. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24020317. [PMID: 30654565 PMCID: PMC6359343 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the inhibitory potential of bacterial neuraminidase (NA) was observed on the leaves of Epimedium koreanum Nakai, which is a popular ingredient in traditional herbal medicine. This study attempted to isolate the relevant, responsible metabolites and elucidate their inhibition mechanism. The methanol extraction process yielded eight flavonoids (1–8), of which compounds 7 and 8 were new compounds named koreanoside F and koreanoside G, respectively. All the compounds (1–8) showed a significant inhibition to bacterial NA with IC50 values of 0.17–106.3 µM. In particular, the prenyl group on the flavonoids played a critical role in bacterial NA inhibition. Epimedokoreanin B (compound 1, IC50 = 0.17 µM) with two prenyl groups on C8 and C5′ of luteolin was 500 times more effective than luteolin (IC50 = 85.6 µM). A similar trend was observed on compound 2 (IC50 = 0.68 µM) versus dihydrokaempferol (IC50 = 500.4 µM) and compound 3 (IC50 = 12.6 µM) versus apigenin (IC50 = 107.5 µM). Kinetic parameters (Km, Vmax, and Kik/Kiv) evaluated that all the compounds apart from compound 5 showed noncompetitive inhibition. Compound 5 was proven to be a mixed type inhibitor. In an enzyme binding affinity experiment using fluorescence, affinity constants (KSV) were tightly related to inhibitory activities.
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12
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Cao DD, Do TQ, Doan Thi Mai H, Vu Thi Q, Nguyen MA, Le Thi HM, Tran DT, Chau VM, Cong Thung D, Pham VC. Antimicrobial lavandulylated flavonoids from a sponge-derived actinomycete. Nat Prod Res 2018; 34:413-420. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1538219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duc Danh Cao
- Advanced Center for Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
- Faculty of Chemistry, Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Quynh Do
- Advanced Center for Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
- Faculty of Chemistry, Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Huong Doan Thi Mai
- Advanced Center for Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
- Faculty of Chemistry, Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Quyen Vu Thi
- Advanced Center for Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Mai Anh Nguyen
- Advanced Center for Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hong Minh Le Thi
- Advanced Center for Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dang Thach Tran
- Institute of Applied Science and Technology, University Industry Vinh, Vinh, Vietnam
| | - Van Minh Chau
- Advanced Center for Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Do Cong Thung
- Institute of Marine Environment and Resources, VAST, Haiphong, Vietnam
| | - Van Cuong Pham
- Advanced Center for Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
- Faculty of Chemistry, Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Park MH, Lee SM, Ko SK, Oh KY, Kim JH, Kim H, Kwon MC, Ryoo IJ, Ahn JS, Ryu HW, Oh SR. Analysis of Active Metabolites of Sophora flavescens for Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and Monoamine Oxidases using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801301220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As part of ongoing research on natural products derived from medicinal plants for enzyme inhibition, known dibenzoyl derivatives (1–3, 11 and 20), pterocarpans (4, 15 and 19), flavanones (5, 7, 10, 12–14, 18, 21–24, 26, 27, 29, 31–33, 35, 36, and 38–46), flavones (6, 16, 28, 30 and 37), isoflavones (8 and 17), furocoumarins (9), and chalcones (25 and 34) have been tentatively identified within fractions of Sophora flavescens roots (SFR) using the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTof-MS) technique. The extract and column fractions inhibited indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and monoamine oxidases (MAOs) differently depending on the metabolite groups. The majority of rich fractions were shown to have residual activities of 49–59% at 10 μg/mL (IDO) and 11.7–34.9% at 50 μg/mL (MAOs) or below. In the total ion current (TIC) chromatogram, significant markers for the metabolites of the bioactive-guided fractions were identified; pterocarpans (4, 15 and 19), flavanones (5, 10, 12–14, 18, 21–23, 26, 29 31–33, 35, 36, and 38–46), isoflavones (8 and 17), furocoumarins (9), dibenzoyl derivatives (11 and 20), flavones (16, 28, 30 and 37), and chalcones (25 and 34) were evaluated among forty-six analyzed metabolites. Possible bioactive markers could be deduced using a data library and previous references, and information regarding spectroscopic characterization and optimal target metabolites was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Hyeon Park
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheong-ju si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Mi Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheong-ju si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Kyun Ko
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, 28116, Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Kyeong Yeol Oh
- Sancheong Oriental Medicinal Herb Institute, Sancheonggun, Gyeongnam, 52215, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheong-ju si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Cheol Kwon
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, 28116, Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - In-Ja Ryoo
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, 28116, Korea
| | - Jong Seog Ahn
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, 28116, Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hyung Won Ryu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheong-ju si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei-Ryang Oh
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheong-ju si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea
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14
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Jia X, Hou W, Chen Q, Yuan Y, Sun J, He K. Oxidation of active sp3C–H bonds initiated consecutive intermolecular/intramolecular cyclization between glycine derivatives ando-vinylphenols: construction of a polycyclic benzofuroquinoline skeleton. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00444g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The construction of the polycyclic benzofuroquinoline skeleton was realized through a consecutive cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Jia
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou
- China
| | - Wentao Hou
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Qian Chen
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou
- China
| | - Yu Yuan
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou
- China
| | - Jing Sun
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou
- China
| | - Kaixuan He
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou
- China
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15
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Kwak HJ, Park S, Kim N, Yoo G, Park JH, OH Y, Nhiem NX, Kim SH. Neuraminidase inhibitory activity by compounds isolated from aerial parts of Rhinacanthus nasutus. Nat Prod Res 2017; 32:2111-2115. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1365067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jae Kwak
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea
| | - SeonJu Park
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Nanyoung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Guijae Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jun Hyung Park
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Youngse OH
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Nguyen Xuan Nhiem
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea
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16
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Wu X, Wu X, Sun Q, Zhang C, Yang S, Li L, Jia Z. Progress of small molecular inhibitors in the development of anti-influenza virus agents. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:826-845. [PMID: 28382157 PMCID: PMC5381247 DOI: 10.7150/thno.17071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The influenza pandemic is a major threat to human health, and highly aggressive strains such as H1N1, H5N1 and H7N9 have emphasized the need for therapeutic strategies to combat these pathogens. Influenza anti-viral agents, especially active small molecular inhibitors play important roles in controlling pandemics while vaccines are developed. Currently, only a few drugs, which function as influenza neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors and M2 ion channel protein inhibitors, are approved in clinical. However, the acquired resistance against current anti-influenza drugs and the emerging mutations of influenza virus itself remain the major challenging unmet medical needs for influenza treatment. It is highly desirable to identify novel anti-influenza agents. This paper reviews the progress of small molecular inhibitors act as antiviral agents, which include hemagglutinin (HA) inhibitors, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitors, NA inhibitors and M2 ion channel protein inhibitors etc. Moreover, we also summarize new, recently reported potential targets and discuss strategies for the development of new anti-influenza virus drugs.
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17
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Pterocarpan scaffold: A natural lead molecule with diverse pharmacological properties. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 128:219-236. [PMID: 28189086 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Phytoalexins are substances produced by plants that act as potent inhibitors of pathogens. Pterocarpans are biologically active isoflavonoids most commonly found in the family Fabaceae that have the ability to act as phytoalexins. It is made up of a tetracyclic ring system possessing benzofuran-benzopyran. A very great number of pterocarpans have been isolated from natural sources and they are proved to have significant biological activities such as anti-microbial, anti-cancerous, anti-inflammatory and anti-malarial activities. Recently, pterocarpans gained lot of attention because of the broad range of anti-cancer activities in various cancer cell lines such as breast, leukemia, cervical, lung, colon and melanoma. Interestingly, pterocarpans exhibited inhibitory potency against many enzymes such as PTP1B, Neuraminidase, and α-glycosidase. In addition, they were shown to have anti-estrogenic and anti-diabetic activities. This review is a comprehensive inventory of the structures and sources of pterocarpans and it emphasizes on the biological evaluations of pterocarpans from various plant sources and their scope as a lead molecule.
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18
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Lee HW, Ryu HW, Kang MG, Park D, Oh SR, Kim H. Potent selective monoamine oxidase B inhibition by maackiain, a pterocarpan from the roots of Sophora flavescens. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:4714-4719. [PMID: 27575476 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) catalyzes the oxidation of monoamines and its two isoforms, MAO-A and MAO-B, break down neurotransmitter amines. Of the compounds isolated from the roots of Sophora flavescens, (-)-maackiain (4), a pterocarpan, was found to potently and selectively inhibit human MAO-B, with an IC50 of 0.68μM, and to have a selectivity index of 126.2 for MAO-B. As compared with other herbal natural products, the IC50 value of 4 for MAO-B is one of the lowest reported to date. Genistein (1) highly, effectively and non-selectively inhibited MAO-A and MAO-B with IC50 values of 3.9μM and 4.1μM, respectively. (-)-4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-8,9-methylenedioxypterocarpan (2) effectively and non-selectively inhibited MAO-A and MAO-B with IC50 values of 20.3μM and 10.3μM, respectively. In addition, compound 4 reversibly and competitively inhibited MAO-B with a Ki value of 0.054μM. Molecular docking simulation revealed that the binding affinity of 4 for MAO-B (-26.6kcal/mol) was greater than its affinity for MAO-A (-8.3kcal/mol), which was in-line with our inhibitory activity findings. Furthermore, Cys172 of MAO-B was found to be a key residue for hydrogen bonding with compound 4. The findings of this study suggest compound 4 be viewed as a new potent, selective, and reversible MAO-B inhibitor, and that compounds 1 and 2 be considered useful lead compounds for the developments of nonselective and reversible MAO inhibitors for the treatment of disorders like Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer disease, and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Woo Lee
- Department of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Won Ryu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Gyun Kang
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeui Park
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei-Ryang Oh
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Yaeghoobi M, Frimayanti N, Chee CF, Ikram KK, Najjar BO, Zain SM, Abdullah Z, Wahab HA, Rahman NA. QSAR, in silico docking and in vitro evaluation of chalcone derivatives as potential inhibitors for H1N1 virus neuraminidase. Med Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-016-1636-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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20
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Sun J, Mei H. QSAR modeling and molecular interaction analysis of natural compounds as potent neuraminidase inhibitors. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:1667-75. [DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00123h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The constructed SRA, HQSAR, almond and CoMSIA models have good predictive capability, which can evaluate and screen new compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University of Arts and Science
- Sichuan Dazhou 635000
- China
| | - Hu Mei
- College of Bioengineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400044
- China
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21
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He X, Fang J, Huang L, Wang J, Huang X. Sophora flavescens Ait.: Traditional usage, phytochemistry and pharmacology of an important traditional Chinese medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 172:10-29. [PMID: 26087234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sophora flavescens (Fabaceae), also known as Kushen (Chinese: ), has been an important species in Chinese medicine since the Qin and Han dynasties. The root of Sophora flavescens has a long history in the traditional medicine of many countries, including China, Japan, Korea, India and some countries in Europe. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Sophora flavescens has been used extensively, mainly in combination with other medicinal plants in prescriptions to treat fever, dysentery, hematochezia, jaundice, oliguria, vulvar swelling, asthma, eczema, inflammatory disorders, ulcers and diseases associated with skin burns. The aim of this review is to provide updated and comprehensive information regarding the botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, biological activities and toxicology of Sophora flavescens and to discuss possible trends and opportunities for further research on Sophora flavescens. MATERIALS AND METHODS We systematically searched major scientific databases (PubMed, Elsevier, SpringerLink, Google Scholar, Medline Plus, ACS, "Da Yi Yi Xue Sou Suo (http://www.dayi100.com/login.jsp)", China Knowledge Resource Integrated (CNKI) and Web of Science) for information published between 1958 and 2015 on Sophora flavescens. Information was also acquired from local classic herbal literature, conference papers, government reports, and PhD and MSc dissertations. RESULTS The broad spectrum of biological activities associated with Sophora flavescens has been considered a valuable resource in both traditional and modern medicine. Extracts are taken either orally or by injection. More than 200 compounds have been isolated from Sophora flavescens, and the major components have been identified as flavonoids and alkaloids. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that at least 50 pure compounds and crude extracts from Sophora flavescens possess wide-ranging antitumor, antimicrobial, antipyretic, antinociceptive, and anti-inflammatory pharmacological abilities. The anticancer and anti-infection abilities of these components are especially attractive areas for research. CONCLUSIONS Sophora flavescens is a promising traditional medicine, but there is a need for more precise studies to test the safety and clinical value of its main active crude extracts and pure compounds and to clarify their mechanisms of action. Moreover, some existing studies have lacked systematic methods and integration with the existing literature, and some of the experiments were isolated, used small sample sizes and were unreliable. More validated data are therefore required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xirui He
- Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710054, PR China; The College of Life Sciences, Northwestern University, Xi'an 710069, PR China.
| | - Jiacheng Fang
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwestern University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Linhong Huang
- Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710054, PR China.
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, University Hospital of Gansu Traditional Medicine, Lanzhou 730020, PR China
| | - Xiaoqiang Huang
- Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710054, PR China
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Kwon HJ, Jeong JH, Lee SW, Ryu YB, Jeong HJ, Jung K, Lim JS, Cho KO, Lee WS, Rho MC, Park SJ. In vitro anti-reovirus activity of kuraridin isolated from Sophora flavescens against viral replication and hemagglutination. J Pharmacol Sci 2015; 128:159-69. [PMID: 26076959 PMCID: PMC7172900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the anti-reovirus activity of kuraridin isolated from the roots of Sophora flavescens. In particular, we focused on whether this property is attributable to direct inhibition of reovirus attachment and/or inhibition of viral replication with the aid of time-of-addition (pre-treatment, simultaneous treatment, and post-treatment) experiments. No significant antiviral activity of kuraridin was detected in the pre-treatment assay. In the simultaneous assay, the 50% effective inhibitory concentrations (EC50) of kuraridin were 15.3–176.9 μM against human type 1–3 reoviruses (HRV1–3) and Korean porcine reovirus (PRV). Kuraridin completely blocked binding of viral sigma 1 protein to sialic acids at concentrations lower than 82.5 μM in the hemagglutination inhibition assay. Moreover, kuraridin inhibited HRV1–3 and PRV viral replication with EC50 values of 14.0–62.0 μM. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis disclosed strong suppression of reovirus RNA synthesis at the late stage (18 h) of virus replication by kuraridin. The viral yields of kuraridin-treated cells were significantly reduced at 24 h post-infection, compared with DMSO-treated cells. Our results collectively suggest that kuraridin inhibits virus adsorption and replication by inhibiting hemagglutination, viral RNA and protein synthesis and virus shedding, supporting its utility as a viable candidate antiviral drug against reoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Jun Kwon
- Eco-friendly Bio-material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Jeong
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Woong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Mokwon University, Daejeon 302-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Bae Ryu
- Eco-friendly Bio-material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Jae Jeong
- Eco-friendly Bio-material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungsook Jung
- Eco-friendly Bio-material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sung Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Oh Cho
- Biotherapy Human Resources Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Song Lee
- Eco-friendly Bio-material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun-Chual Rho
- Eco-friendly Bio-material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 580-185, Republic of Korea.
| | - Su-Jin Park
- Eco-friendly Bio-material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 580-185, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Noccioli C, Bertoli A, Agus E, De Logu A, Pistelli L. HPLC-DAD-MS Analysis and Antiviral Activity of Different Extracts and Isolated Constituents from Bituminaria bituminosa. Chem Nat Compd 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-014-1064-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Kumar V, Chang CK, Tan KP, Jung YS, Chen SH, Cheng YSE, Liang PH. Identification, synthesis, and evaluation of new neuraminidase inhibitors. Org Lett 2014; 16:5060-3. [PMID: 25229881 DOI: 10.1021/ol502410x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput screening was performed on ∼6800 compounds to identify KR-72039 as an inhibitor of H1N1 and H5N1 neuraminidases (NAs). Structure-activity relationship studies led to 3e, which inhibited H5N1 NA with an IC50 of 2.8 μM and blocked viral replication. Docking analysis shows that compounds bind to loop-430 around the NA active site. Compound 3l additionally inhibited H7N9 NA, making it a dual inhibitor of N1- and N2-type NAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vathan Kumar
- Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica , Taipei 115, Taiwan
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25
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Luo G, Yang Y, Zhou M, Ye Q, Liu Y, Gu J, Zhang G, Luo Y. Novel 2-arylbenzofuran dimers and polyisoprenylated flavanones from Sophora tonkinensis. Fitoterapia 2014; 99:21-7. [PMID: 25173460 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Two novel 2-arylbenzofuran dimers, shandougenines A (1) and B (2), and two new polyisoprenylated flavanones 3 (shandougenine C) and 4 (shandougenine D) were isolated from the 95% EtOH extract of Sophora tonkinensis, together with 18 known compounds. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectral data interpretation and by comparing the spectral data with that reported previously for known compounds. Shandougenine A (1) is a unique dimeric 2-arylbenzofuran with a C-3C-5‴ bond linkage. Shandougenine B (2) is the first naturally occurring dimeric 2-arylbenzofuran with a novel C-3C-3″ bond linkage. Compound 1 showed moderate DPPH free radical scavenging capacity, whereas 2 has stronger DPPH free radical and ABTS cation radical scavenging capacity than Vc. Compounds 12, 19, and 20 showed parallel DPPH free radical scavenging capacity with Vc. Compounds 1, 3, 4, 19, 20, and 22 have parallel ABTS cation radical scavenging capacity to Vc. Compounds 1, 3, 4, and 18 showed slightly stronger superoxide anion radical scavenging capacity than the known flavanone luteolin. The antioxidant activities of shandougenines A (1) and B (2) indicated that compounds 1 and 2 may represent novel scaffolds for the development of new antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyong Luo
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 9 Section 4, Renmin Road South, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Yang
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 9 Section 4, Renmin Road South, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhou
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 9 Section 4, Renmin Road South, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Ye
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 9 Section 4, Renmin Road South, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 9 Section 4, Renmin Road South, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Gu
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 9 Section 4, Renmin Road South, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Guolin Zhang
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 9 Section 4, Renmin Road South, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinggang Luo
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 9 Section 4, Renmin Road South, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Dang Z, Jung K, Zhu L, Lai W, Xie H, Lee KH, Huang L, Chen CH. Identification and synthesis of quinolizidines with anti-influenza a virus activity. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:942-6. [PMID: 25147619 DOI: 10.1021/ml500236n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus infection causes a contagious respiratory illness that poses a threat to human health. However, there are limited anti-influenza A therapeutics available, which is further compounded by the emergence of drug resistant viruses. In this study, Sophora quinolizidine alkaloids were identified as a new class of anti-influenza A virus agents. Among the tested Sophora alkaloids, dihydroaloperine exhibited the most potent activity with an EC50 of 11.2 μM. The potency of the quinolizidine alkaloids was improved by approximately 5-fold with chemical modifications on the aloperine molecule. These compounds were effective against an H1N1 influenza A virus that was resistant to the two antiflu drugs oseltamivir and amantadine. The identification of the quinolizidine alkaloids as effective and novel anti-influenza A agents may aid in the development of new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Dang
- Surgical
Science, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Katherine Jung
- Surgical
Science, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Lei Zhu
- Surgical
Science, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Weihong Lai
- Surgical
Science, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Hua Xie
- School of
Dentistry, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee 37208, United States
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural
Products Research Laboratories, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Chinese
Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li Huang
- Surgical
Science, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Chin-Ho Chen
- Surgical
Science, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
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Yang YJ, Li JY, Liu XW, Zhang JY, Liu YR, Li B. A non-biological method for screening active components against influenza virus from traditional Chinese medicine by coupling a LC column with oseltamivir molecularly imprinted polymers. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84458. [PMID: 24386385 PMCID: PMC3873415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop a non-biological method for screening active components against influenza virus from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) extraction, a liquid chromatography (LC) column prepared with oseltamivir molecularly imprinted polymer (OSMIP) was employed with LC-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). From chloroform extracts of compound TCM liquid preparation, we observed an affinitive component m/z 249, which was identified to be matrine following analysis of phytochemical literatures, OSMIP-LC column on-line of control compounds and MS/MS off-line. The results showed that matrine had similar bioactivities with OS against avian influenza virus H9N2 in vitro for both alleviating cytopathic effect and hemagglutination inhibition and that the stereostructures of these two compounds are similar while their two-dimensional structures were different. In addition, our results suggested that the bioactivities of those affinitive compounds were correlated with their chromatographic behaviors, in which less difference of the chromatographic behaviors might have more similar bioactivities. This indicates that matrine is a potential candidate drug to prevent or cure influenza for human or animal. In conclusion, the present study showed that molecularly imprinted polymers can be used as a non-biological method for screening active components against influenza virus from TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jun Yang
- Gansu Provincial Engineering Research Center for New Animal Drug, Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jian-Yong Li
- Gansu Provincial Engineering Research Center for New Animal Drug, Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Xi-Wang Liu
- Gansu Provincial Engineering Research Center for New Animal Drug, Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Ji-Yu Zhang
- Gansu Provincial Engineering Research Center for New Animal Drug, Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yu-Rong Liu
- Gansu Provincial Engineering Research Center for New Animal Drug, Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Bing Li
- Gansu Provincial Engineering Research Center for New Animal Drug, Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
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Evaluation of Jatropha curcas Linn. leaf extracts for its cytotoxicity and potential to inhibit hemagglutinin protein of influenza virus. INDIAN JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY : AN OFFICIAL ORGAN OF INDIAN VIROLOGICAL SOCIETY 2013; 24:220-6. [PMID: 24426279 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-013-0154-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Influenza is a serious respiratory illness which can be debilitating and cause complications that lead to hospitalization and death. Although influenza vaccine can prevent influenza virus infection, the only therapeutic options to treat influenza virus infection are antiviral agents. Given temporal and geographic changes and the shifts in antiviral drug resistance among influenza viruses, it is time to consider natural antiviral agents against influenza virus. Jatropha curcas is known for various medicinal uses. Its antimicrobial, anti-cancer and anti-HIV activity has been well recognized. Because of its broad-spectrum activity, we investigated aqueous and methanol leaf extracts for cytotoxicity and its potential to inhibit hemagglutinin protein of influenza virus. The bioactive compounds from leaf extracts were characterized by high-performance thinlayer chromatography which revealed the presence of major phytochemicals including flavonoids, saponins and tannins. The cytotoxic concentration 50 for aqueous and methanol extracts were determined using trypan blue dye exclusion assay. Inhibition of hemagglutinin protein was assessed using minimal cytotoxic concentrations of the extracts and 10(2.5) TCID50 (64 HA titre) of the Influenza A (H1N1) virus with different exposure studies using hemagglutination assay. Aqueous and methanol extracts were found to be non toxic to Madin darby canine kidney cells below concentration of 15.57 and 33.62 mg/mL for respectively. Inhibition of hemagglutinin was studied using reducing hemagglutination titre which confirmed that the J. curcas extracts have direct effect on the process of virus adsorption leading to its inhibition. Our results provide the information which shows the potential of Jatropha extracts in the treatment of influenza A (H1N1) virus infection. With an established reduced toxicity and prevention of infection by inhibiting hemagglutinin protein, these extracts and its derivatives may be further developed as broad spectrum anti-influenza drugs for prevention and treatment of infections by different types of influenza viruses with further mechanistic studies on anti-influenza.
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Kim BJ. Involvement of Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 7 Channels in Sophorae Radix-induced Apoptosis in Cancer Cells: Sophorae Radix and TRPM7. J Pharmacopuncture 2012; 15:31-8. [PMID: 25780645 PMCID: PMC4331944 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2012.15.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Sophorae Radix (SR) plays a role in a number of physiologic and pharmacologic functions in many organs. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to clarify the potential role for transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) channels in SR-inhibited growth and survival of AGS and MCF-7 cells, the most common human gastric and breast adenocarcinoma cell lines. METHODS The AGS and the MCF-7 cells were treated with varying concentrations of SR. Analyses of the caspase-3 and - 9 activity, the mitochondrial depolarization and the poly (ADPribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage were conducted to determine if AGS and MCF-7 cell death occured by apoptosis. TRPM7 channel blockers (Gd(3+) or 2-APB) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) were used in this study to confirm the role of TRPM7 channels. Furthermore, TRPM7 channels were overexpressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells to identify the role of TRPM7 channels in AGS and MCF-7 cell growth and survival. RESULTS The addition of SR to a culture medium inhibited AGS and MCF-7 cell growth and survival. Experimental results showed that the caspase-3 and -9 activity, the mitochondrial depolarization, and the degree of PARP cleavage was increased. TRPM7 channel blockade, either by Gd(3+) or 2-APB or by suppressing TRPM7 expression with small interfering RNA, blocked the SR-induced inhibition of cell growth and survival. Furthermore, TRPM7 channel overexpression in HEK 293 cells exacerbated SR-induced cell death. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that SR inhibits the growth and survival of gastric and breast cancer cells due to a blockade of the TRPM7 channel activity. Therefore, TRPM7 channels may play an important role in the survival of patients with gastric and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Joo Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
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Kim H, Lee MR, Lee GS, An WG, Cho SI. Effect of Sophora flavescens Aiton extract on degranulation of mast cells and contact dermatitis induced by dinitrofluorobenzene in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 142:253-258. [PMID: 22580027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The dried root of Sophora flavescens Aiton (Sophorae radix, SR) has long been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of fever and swelling in eastern countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study investigated the anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects of SR using 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced contact dermatitis mouse model and in vitro using RBL-2H3 cells. RESULTS In mice, the topical application of 10 mg/mL of SR effectively inhibited enlargement of ear thickness and weight induced by repeated painting with DNFB. Topical application of SR also inhibited hyperplasia, edema, spongiosis and infiltration of mononuclear cells in ear tissue. In addition, production levels of interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were decreased by SR in vivo. Finally, the release of histamine and β-hexosaminidase, and migration were inhibited by treatment with SR. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate the potential of SR in treating patients with allergic skin diseases and also suggest that related mechanisms are involved in anti-inflammatory action on the Th 1 skewing reaction and inhibition against recruitment and degranulation of mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungwoo Kim
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusan 626-870, South Korea.
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31
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Binding site analysis, 3D-QSAR studies, and molecular design of flavonoids derivatives as potent neuraminidase inhibitors. Med Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0054-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Oh HM, Lee SW, Park MH, Kim MH, Ryu YB, Kim MS, Kim HH, Park KH, Lee WS, Park SJ, Rho MC. Norkurarinol inhibits toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)-mediated pro-inflammatory signaling pathway and rotavirus replication. J Pharmacol Sci 2012; 118:161-70. [PMID: 22293288 PMCID: PMC7128696 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.11077fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effect of norkurarinol on the toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)-mediated signaling pathways and rotavirus replication. Norkurarinol, a lavandulylated flavanone, was isolated from the roots of Sophora flavescens, which has been shown to have anti-inflammatory activity. Norkurarinol suppressed the NF-κB and AP-1 inducible secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) activity induced by poly(I:C), TLR3 ligand, in THP1-Blue-CD14 cells with IC50 values of 20.9 μM. Norkurarinol also significantly suppressed the mRNA expression of proinflammatory and adhesive molecules induced by poly(I:C) and rotavirus infection. Pretreatment of norkurarinol blocked the NF-κB and AP-1 signaling pathway and the phosphorylation of MAPKs induced by poly(I:C). On the other hand, norkurarinol increased the level of IRF3 phosphorylation and IFNβ expression in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, norkurarinol inhibited the rotavirus-induced cytopathic effects. These results suggest that norkurarinol can modulate the TLR3-mediated inflammatory responses and rotavirus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Mee Oh
- Bioindustrial Process Research Center and AI Control Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Republic of Korea
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Kim JY, Jeong HJ, Park JY, Kim YM, Park SJ, Cho JK, Park KH, Ryu YB, Lee WS. Selective and slow-binding inhibition of shikonin derivatives isolated from Lithospermum erythrorhizon on glycosyl hydrolase 33 and 34 sialidases. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:1740-8. [PMID: 22300884 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Sialidases are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of sialic acid residues from various glycoconjugates, which are widely found in a number of viral and microbial pathogens. In this study, we investigated the biological evaluation of isolated six shikonins (1-6) and three shikonofurans (7-9) from Lithospermum erythrorhizon. The nine isolated compounds 1-9 showed strong and selective inhibition of glycosyl hydrolase (GH) 33 and -34 sialidases activities. In GH33 bacterial-sialidase inhibition assay, the inhibitory activities against GH33 siadliase of all shikonofuran derivatives (7-9) were greater than shikonin derivatives (1-6). Shikonofuran E (8) exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity toward GH33 sialidases (IC(50)=0.24μM). Moreover, our detailed kinetic analysis of these species unveiled that they are all competitive and simple reversible slow-binding inhibitors. Otherwise, they showed different inhibitory capacities and kinetic modes to GH34 viral-sialidase activity. All the naphthoquinone derivatives (1-6) were of almost equal efficiency with IC(50) value of 40μM and shikonofurans (7-9) did not show the significant inhibitory effect to GH34 sialidase. Kinetic analyses indicated that naphthoquinones acted via a noncompetitive mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Kim
- Infection Control Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
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Grienke U, Schmidtke M, von Grafenstein S, Kirchmair J, Liedl KR, Rollinger JM. Influenza neuraminidase: A druggable target for natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2012; 29:11-36. [DOI: 10.1039/c1np00053e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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35
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Woo HS, Kim DW, Curtis-Long MJ, Lee BW, Lee JH, Kim JY, Kang JE, Park KH. Potent inhibition of bacterial neuraminidase activity by pterocarpans isolated from the roots of Lespedeza bicolor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:6100-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Gao L, Zu M, Wu S, Liu AL, Du GH. 3D QSAR and docking study of flavone derivatives as potent inhibitors of influenza H1N1 virus neuraminidase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:5964-70. [PMID: 21843936 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 07/10/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although several flavonoids have been reported to exert inhibitory effects on influenza H1N1 neuraminidase (NA), little is known about the structure-activity relationship and binding mode. Three dimensional QSAR (quantitative structure-activity relationship) and molecular docking approaches were applied to explore the structural requisites of flavone derivatives for NA inhibitory activity. A meaningful QSAR model with R(2) of 0.5968, Q(2) of 0.6457, and Pearson-R value of 0.8679, was constructed. From the QSAR model, it could be seen how 6-OH, 3'-OH, 4'-OH, and 8-position substituent affect the NA inhibitory activity. Molecular docking study between the most active compound and NA suggested that hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions were closely related to NA inhibitory activity, 5-OH and 7-OH may be essential for this activity. The results provide a set of useful guidelines for the rational design of novel NA inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China.
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Kongkamnerd J, Milani A, Cattoli G, Terregino C, Capua I, Beneduce L, Gallotta A, Pengo P, Fassina G, Miertus S, De-Eknamkul W. A screening assay for neuraminidase inhibitors using neuraminidases N1 and N3 from a baculovirus expression system. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2011; 27:5-11. [PMID: 21740106 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2011.568415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Development of inexpensive and safe enzymatic assays to screen for putative neuraminidase inhibitors. OBJECTIVE Validate the use of recombinant neuraminidase expressed in baculovirus located on the viral surface capsule to develop a neuraminidase inhibitor screening assay. MATERIALS AND METHODS Recombinant baculovirus particles displaying neuraminidase N1 and N3 were used as enzyme sources. The assay set-up required the use of 2'-(4-methylumbelliferyl)-α-D-acetyl neuraminic acid as substrate and oseltamivir carboxylate as benchmark inhibitor. RESULTS The assay was set up in a standard 96-well plate. The within- and between-assay coefficients of variation were, on average, less than 10%. The 50% inhibitory concentration values of the inhibitor were in good agreement with those determined by independent kinetic experiments. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The assay showed satisfactory within- and between-assay repeatability. The obtained results suggest that recombinant baculovirus expressing neuraminidase located on the virus membrane capsule can be used to set up affordable and reliable neuraminidase inhibitors screening assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarinrat Kongkamnerd
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Ryu YB, Jeong HJ, Yoon SY, Park JY, Kim YM, Park SJ, Rho MC, Kim SJ, Lee WS. Influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitory activity of phlorotannins from the edible brown alga Ecklonia cava. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:6467-73. [PMID: 21585204 DOI: 10.1021/jf2007248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A virus infections continue to pose a major threat to humans and several animal species. Neuraminidase (NA) is one of the most promising targets for the development of drugs against influenza viruses because of its critical role in the viral life cycle. During the course of a search for NA inhibitors from edible natural sources, we found that the ethyl acetate layer of ethanol extracts of Ecklonia cava showed extremely high NA-inhibitory activity (72.1% inhibition at 30 μg/mL). Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the ethyl acetate layer yielded five phlorotannins, identified as phloroglucinol (1), eckol (2), 7-phloroeckol (3), phlorofucofuroeckol (4), and dieckol (5). The inhibitory activities of these compounds (1-5) against NAs from group-1 (A/Bervig_Mission/1/18 [H1N1], A/PR/8/34 [H1N1]) and group-2 (A/Hong Kong/8/68 [H3N2], A/Chicken/Korea/MS96/96 [H9N2]) influenza A were evaluated to determine potencies and kinetic behavior. Analyses using various in vitro influenza A virus NA assays showed that all five phlorotannin derivatives were selective NA inhibitors. Of the phlorotannins, phlorofucofuroeckol (4) exhibited the most potent inhibitory activities toward group-1 NAs (IC₅₀ values, 4.5 and 14.7 μM), whereas dieckol (5) potently inhibited group-2 NAs. Kinetic analyses indicated that compounds 1-5 were all noncompetitive. Notably, these noncompetitive inhibitors synergized with oseltamivir to enhance the NA-inhibitory effects of oseltamivir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Bae Ryu
- Eco-Friendly Biomaterial Research Center and AI Control Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
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Kongkamnerd J, Milani A, Cattoli G, Terregino C, Capua I, Beneduce L, Gallotta A, Pengo P, Fassina G, Monthakantirat O, Umehara K, De-Eknamkul W, Miertus S. The Quenching Effect of Flavonoids on 4-Methylumbelliferone, a Potential Pitfall in Fluorimetric Neuraminidase Inhibition Assays. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 16:755-64. [DOI: 10.1177/1087057111409221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Many assays aimed to test the inhibitory effects of synthetic molecules, and naturally occurring products on the neuraminidase activity exploit the hydrolysis of 2′-O-(4-methylumbelliferyl)-N-acetylneuraminic acid (4-MUNANA). The amount of the released product, 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU), is then measured fluorimetrically. The authors attempted an analysis of the inhibitory properties of 35 naturally occurring flavonoids on neuraminidase N3, where only 29 of them were sufficiently soluble in the assay medium. During the analysis, the authors noticed a strong quenching effect due to the test compounds on the fluorescence of 4-MU. The quenching constants for the flavonoids were determined according to the Stern-Volmer approach. The extent of fluorescence reduction due to quenching and the magnitude of the fluorescence reduction measured in the inhibition assays were comparable: for 11 of 29 compounds, the two values were found to be coincident within the experimental uncertainty. These data were statistically analyzed for correlation by calculating the pertinent Pearson correlation coefficient. Inhibition and quenching were found to be positively correlated (r = 0.71, p(uncorr) = 1.5 × 10−5), and the correlation was maintained for the whole set of tested compounds. Altogether, the collected data imply that all of the tested flavonoids could produce false-positive results in the neuraminidase inhibition assay using 4-MUNANA as a substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarinrat Kongkamnerd
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Adelaide Milani
- OIE, FAO, and National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cattoli
- OIE, FAO, and National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Padova, Italy
| | - Calogero Terregino
- OIE, FAO, and National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Padova, Italy
| | - Ilaria Capua
- OIE, FAO, and National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Beneduce
- Xeptagen SpA, VEGA Science Park Building Auriga, Marghera-Venezia, Italy
| | - Andrea Gallotta
- Xeptagen SpA, VEGA Science Park Building Auriga, Marghera-Venezia, Italy
| | - Paolo Pengo
- Xeptagen SpA, VEGA Science Park Building Auriga, Marghera-Venezia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Fassina
- Xeptagen SpA, VEGA Science Park Building Auriga, Marghera-Venezia, Italy
| | | | - Kaoru Umehara
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Wanchai De-Eknamkul
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Stanislav Miertus
- ICS-UNIDO, International Centre for Science and High Technology of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, Trieste, Italy
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Liu Y, Jing F, Xu Y, Xie Y, Shi F, Fang H, Li M, Xu W. Design, synthesis and biological activity of thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid derivatives as novel influenza neuraminidase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:2342-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Dao TT, Nguyen PH, Lee HS, Kim E, Park J, Lim SI, Oh WK. Chalcones as novel influenza A (H1N1) neuraminidase inhibitors from Glycyrrhiza inflata. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:294-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2010] [Revised: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Arora R, Chawla R, Marwah R, Arora P, Sharma RK, Kaushik V, Goel R, Kaur A, Silambarasan M, Tripathi RP, Bhardwaj JR. Potential of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Preventive Management of Novel H1N1 Flu (Swine Flu) Pandemic: Thwarting Potential Disasters in the Bud. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2010; 2011:586506. [PMID: 20976081 PMCID: PMC2957173 DOI: 10.1155/2011/586506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2009] [Revised: 04/22/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of novel H1N1 has posed a situation that warrants urgent global attention. Though antiviral drugs are available in mainstream medicine for treating symptoms of swine flu, currently there is no preventive medicine available. Even when available, they would be in short supply and ineffective in a pandemic situation, for treating the masses worldwide. Besides the development of drug resistance, emergence of mutant strains of the virus, emergence of a more virulent strain, prohibitive costs of available drugs, time lag between vaccine developments, and mass casualties would pose difficult problems. In view of this, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) offers a plethora of interesting preventive possibilities in patients. Herbs exhibit a diverse array of biological activities and can be effectively harnessed for managing pandemic flu. Potentially active herbs can serve as effective anti influenza agents. The role of CAM for managing novel H1N1 flu and the mode of action of these botanicals is presented here in an evidence-based approach that can be followed to establish their potential use in the management of influenza pandemics. The complementary and alternative medicine approach deliberated in the paper should also be useful in treating the patients with serious influenza in non pandemic situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Arora
- Division of Chemical Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) Defence, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Brig. S.K. Mazumdar Road, Delhi 110054, India
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, Armeiska Street 1, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - R. Chawla
- Division of Chemical Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) Defence, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Brig. S.K. Mazumdar Road, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Rohit Marwah
- Division of Chemical Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) Defence, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Brig. S.K. Mazumdar Road, Delhi 110054, India
| | - P. Arora
- Centre for Disaster Management Studies, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Kashmere Gate, Delhi 110006, India
| | - R. K. Sharma
- Division of Chemical Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) Defence, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Brig. S.K. Mazumdar Road, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Vinod Kaushik
- Division of Chemical Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) Defence, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Brig. S.K. Mazumdar Road, Delhi 110054, India
| | - R. Goel
- Division of Chemical Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) Defence, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Brig. S.K. Mazumdar Road, Delhi 110054, India
| | - A. Kaur
- Centre for Disaster Management Studies, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Kashmere Gate, Delhi 110006, India
| | - M. Silambarasan
- Division of Chemical Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) Defence, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Brig. S.K. Mazumdar Road, Delhi 110054, India
| | - R. P. Tripathi
- Division of Chemical Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) Defence, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Brig. S.K. Mazumdar Road, Delhi 110054, India
| | - J. R. Bhardwaj
- Division of Disaster Management, National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), A1 Safdarjung Enclave, New Delhi 110001, India
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Ge H, Wang YF, Xu J, Gu Q, Liu HB, Xiao PG, Zhou J, Liu Y, Yang Z, Su H. Anti-influenza agents from Traditional Chinese Medicine. Nat Prod Rep 2010; 27:1758-80. [PMID: 20941447 DOI: 10.1039/c0np00005a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hu Ge
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 132 East Circle Road at University City, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Majerová T, Hoffman H, Majer F. Therapeutic targets for influenza – perspectives in drug development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1135/cccc2009087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Since new and dangerous influenza virus strains, such as H5N1 “avian flu” and more recently the swine-origin H1N1 “swine flu”, are constantly evolving, the need for effective anti-influenza drugs is pressing. It is becoming clear that the emergence of drug-resistant viruses will be a major potential problem in future efforts to control influenza virus infection. Moreover, development of vaccines against new influenza strains takes several months, and their production capacity is limited. Thus, new classes of anti-influenza drugs are highly sought after. This review focuses mainly on novel strategies, including targeting viral entry into host cells, inhibition of viral transcription and genome replication, and targeting of the NS1 influenza protein. Another approach involves viral RNA silencing by siRNAs or by antisense oligonucleotides. Inhibitors of viral neuraminidase have been the most successful approach in influenza virus breakdown to date. Viral maturation can also be blocked by inhibition of hemagglutinin-processing cellular proteinases. Compounds modifying the host cell immune response have also been reported. Design of specific compounds universally active against all viral variants with a reduced potential for the emergence of drug-resistant mutants is the main challenge in anti-influenza drug development, and the goals in this field are discussed here. A review with 140 references.
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Ryu YB, Kim JH, Park SJ, Chang JS, Rho MC, Bae KH, Park KH, Lee WS. Inhibition of neuraminidase activity by polyphenol compounds isolated from the roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:971-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.12.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2009] [Revised: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 12/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Yuan W, Wang P, Zhang Z, Li S. Glycosylation of (–)-maackiain byBeauveria bassianaandCunninghamella echinulatavar.elegans. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2010. [DOI: 10.3109/10242420903497354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Structural characteristics of flavanones and flavones from Cudrania tricuspidata for neuraminidase inhibition. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:4912-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.07.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2009] [Revised: 07/16/2009] [Accepted: 07/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Jeong HJ, Ryu YB, Park SJ, Kim JH, Kwon HJ, Kim JH, Park KH, Rho MC, Lee WS. Neuraminidase inhibitory activities of flavonols isolated from Rhodiola rosea roots and their in vitro anti-influenza viral activities. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:6816-23. [PMID: 19729316 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Five flavonols (3, 5, and 9-11) were isolated from Rhodiola rosea, and compared with commercially available flavonoids (1, 2, 4, 6-8, and 12-14) to facilitate analysis of their structure-activity relationship (SAR). All compounds (1-14) showed neuraminidase inhibitory activities with IC(50) values ranging from 0.8 to 56.9 microM. The in vitro anti-influenza virus activities of flavonoids 1-6, 8-12, and 14 were evaluated using two influenza viral strains, H1N1 (A/PR/8/34) and H9N2 (A/Chicken/Korea/MS96/96), testing their ability to reduce virus-induced cytopathic effect (CPE) in MDCK cells. We found that the activity of these compounds ranged from 30.2 to 99.1 microM against H1N1- and 18.5 to 133.6 microM against H9N2-induced CPE. Of compounds 1-14, gossypetin (6) exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity, with IC(50) values of 0.8 and 2.6 microM on neuraminidases from Clostridium perfringens and recombinant influenza virus A (rvH1N1), respectively. In contrast, kaempferol (3) exhibited the highest activity against two influenza viruses, H1N1 and H9N2 with EC(50) values of 30.2 and 18.5 microM, respectively. Activity depended on the position and number of hydroxy groups on the flavonoids backbone. In kinetic studies, all isolated compounds behaved as noncompetitive inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Jae Jeong
- Bioindustry Technology Research Center and AI Control Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
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Characteristic of neuraminidase inhibitory xanthones from Cudrania tricuspidata. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:2744-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Revised: 02/17/2009] [Accepted: 02/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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