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Singh M, Kumar M, Nalawade SA, Puneeth Kumar DRGKR, Gopi HN. Cyclization of N-Boc-( E)-α,β-unsaturated γ-amino acid active esters into N-Boc-( Z)-α,β-unsaturated γ-lactams through E → Z isomerization. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:3766-3769. [PMID: 37097126 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00127j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Here, we are reporting the spontaneous transformation of the active esters of N-Boc protected E-α,β-unsaturated γ-amino acids into the corresponding Z-α,β-unsaturated γ-lactams with concomitant E → Z isomerization in the presence of a weak base. No cyclization was observed in the absence of the base. Analysis revealed that amide γ-NH is crucial for both lactamization and E → Z isomerization. This mild transformation provides easy access to the synthetically challenging α,β-unsaturated γ-lactams and also gives new insights into the E → Z isomerization of double bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjeet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, India.
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, India.
| | - Sachin A Nalawade
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, India.
| | - DRGKoppalu R Puneeth Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, India.
| | - Hosahudya N Gopi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, India.
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Liu D, Lu X, Chai Z, Yang H, Sun Y, Yu F. Progress in Construction of 2 H-Pyrrol-2-ones Skeleton. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202207006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Sarkar S, Banerjee A, Shah JA, Mukherjee U, Frederiks NC, Johnson CJ, Ngai MY. Excited-State Copper-Catalyzed [4 + 1] Annulation Reaction Enables Modular Synthesis of α,β-Unsaturated-γ-Lactams. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20884-20894. [PMID: 36326178 PMCID: PMC9754811 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of α,β-unsaturated-γ-lactams continue to attract attention due to the importance of this structural motif in organic chemistry. Herein, we report the development of a visible-light-induced excited-state copper-catalyzed [4 + 1] annulation reaction for the preparation of a wide range of γ-H, -OH, and -OR-substituted α,β-unsaturated-γ-lactams using acrylamides as the 4-atom unit and aroyl chlorides as the 1-atom unit. This modular synthetic protocol features mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope, and high functional group tolerance. The reaction is amenable to late-stage diversification of complex molecular architectures, including derivatives of marketed drugs. The products of the reaction can serve as versatile building blocks for further derivatization. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest an inner-sphere catalytic cycle involving photoexcitation of the Cu(BINAP) catalyst, single-electron transfer, and capture of radical intermediates by copper species, followed by reductive elimination or protonation to give the desired γ-functionalized α,β-unsaturated-γ-lactams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satavisha Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-3400, USA
| | - Arghya Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-3400, USA
| | - Jagrut A. Shah
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-3400, USA
| | - Upasana Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-3400, USA
| | - Nicoline C. Frederiks
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-3400, USA
| | - Christopher J. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-3400, USA
| | - Ming-Yu Ngai
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-3400, USA
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-3400 USA
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Yang L, Shen Q, Hu C, Wang Y, Zhu X, Shu S, Luo Z. Comparative Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Imrecoxib, a Novel Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor, in Elderly Healthy Subjects. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:3865-3876. [PMID: 36388081 PMCID: PMC9653025 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s387508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Imrecoxib is a novel and moderately selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor with properties of anti-inflammation and alleviating pain, which is widely applied in osteoarthritis patients. The pharmacokinetic data supporting imrecoxib’s rational use in elderly population are not available. Purpose The study aims to investigate the pharmacokinetics of imrecoxib and its main metabolites and explore the safety of imrecoxib in elderly healthy subjects. Methods A total of 19 healthy subjects including 10 non-elderly and 9 elderly subjects received single dose of 100 mg imrecoxib under fasting condition. Pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability profiles were assessed. Results After oral administration of single dose of 100 mg imrecoxib, it was absorbed into plasma with median time to reach peak concentration (Tmax) around 2 hours. The concentration–time curves of imrecoxib (M0) showed higher interindividual variability in elderly subjects compared with non-elderly subjects. Peak concentration (Cmax) of M0, its hydroxyl metabolite M1 and carboxylated metabolite M2 in plasma increased by 39%, 21% and 17%, and area under concentration–time curve from time 0 to time t (AUC0-t) of M0, M1 and M2 in plasma increased by 34%, 13% and 27%, respectively, in elderly subjects compared with non-elderly subjects. The 90% CIs of geometric mean ratios of Cmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ of M0, M1 and M2 between the two groups were not located within 80–125%, indicating Cmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ were not completely equivalent between non-elderly and elderly healthy subjects. However, comparison of pharmacokinetic data of M0, M1 and M2 between the two groups showed no significant difference (P>0.05). Imrecoxib was well tolerated in both non-elderly and elderly healthy subjects, especially with favorable gastrointestinal and cardiovascular safety profiles. Conclusion Pharmacokinetic and safety profiles of imrecoxib in elderly healthy subjects indicated that no dose adjustment should be required for elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- Clinical Trial Center, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Shen
- Clinical Trial Center, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Hu
- Clinical Trial Center, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Clinical Trial Center, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Zhu
- Clinical Trial Center, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiqing Shu
- Clinical Trial Center, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhu Luo
- Clinical Trial Center, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zhu Luo, Clinical Trial Center, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610044, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 28 85422707, Email
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Mhaldar SN, Kotkar GD, Tilve SG. Synthetic access to Syn-functionalised chiral hydroxy pyrrolidines and pyrrolidones: Evaluation of α-glucosidase inhibition activity, docking studies and pharmacokinetics prediction. Bioorg Chem 2022; 129:106115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Wu X, An Q, Dong J, Wang K, Jin Y, Liu X, Zhang Z. Inhibition of imrecoxib on mRNA and protein expression of CYP2C11 enzyme in rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5439. [PMID: 35778888 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of imrecoxib on CYP2C11 enzyme activity, mRNA and protein expression. METHOD An ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method was established. Tolbutamide was selected as CYP2C11 enzyme-specific probe drug and incubated with imrecoxib in rat liver microsomes. The amount of 4-hydroxytolbutamide produced was measured by UPLC to investigate the effect of imrecoxib on CYP2C11 enzyme activity. Imrecoxib (10 mg/kg) was given by intragastric administration twice daily. After 1, 7 and 14 days of administration, liver tissues were taken. The expression of CYP2C11 enzyme mRNA was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and its protein expression was determined by Western Blot. RESULTS Imrecoxib concentration was inversely proportional to the production of 4-hydroxytolbutamide in liver microsomes. Imrecoxib demonstrated dose-dependent inhibitory effect on CYP2C11 activity with IC50=74.77 μM. After administration, RT-PCR showed CYP2C11 enzyme mRNA expressions were 65% (P<0.05), 35%, and 34% of control group, respectively (P<0.01). Western Blot showed CYP2C11 enzyme protein expressions were 80%, 37%, and 34% of control group, respectively (P<0.01). CONCLUSION Imrecoxib can reduce mRNA and protein expression of CYP2C11 enzyme in rat liver and inhibit the activity of CYP2C11 enzyme in a dose-dependent manner. However, it will not produce clinically significant drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xikun Wu
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province
| | - Qi An
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province
| | - Jie Dong
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province
| | - Kexin Wang
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province
| | - Yiran Jin
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province
| | - Xiujv Liu
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province
| | - Zhiqing Zhang
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province
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Guo W, Liu Y, Li J. Imrecoxib versus celecoxib as postoperative analgesia for patients receiving arthroscopic knee surgery: a randomized, controlled, non-inferiority study. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:875-881. [PMID: 35445990 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-00938-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Imrecoxib is a novel cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor independently developed in China, which exhibits a good efficacy and tolerance in orthopedic disorders. The current study aimed to further compare its efficacy and safety with celecoxib as postoperative analgesia in arthroscopic knee surgery (AKS). METHODS Patients receiving AKS were enrolled and randomly assigned to imrecoxib (n = 64) and celecoxib (n = 62) group to receive analgesia for 72 h after surgery. Pain at rest and movement, pethidine consumption, patient's satisfaction, Lysholm score, and adverse events were assessed after AKS. Meanwhile the upper limit of 95% CI of pain-score mean difference (MD) between imrecoxib and celecoxib was calculated, then, the non-inferiority was defined if the all-time-point upper limits of 95% CI less than 1. RESULTS Imrecoxib was non-inferior to celecoxib for alleviating pain at rest (upper limit of 95% CI of MD ranging from 0.443 to 0.782, all time-point values less than 1); as well as for attenuating pain at movement (upper limit of 95% CI of MD ranging from 0.398 to 0.582, all time-point values less than 1). Moreover, rescue analgesia rate (P = 0.583), pethidine consumption (P = 0.454), patient's satisfaction at 72 h (P = 0.408), and Lysholm score at M3 (P = 0.776) were of no difference between imrecoxib group and celecoxib group. Additionally, the main adverse events in two groups were nausea (P = 0.425), constipation (P = 1.000), vomiting (P = 0.715), headache (P = 1.000), and dizziness (P = 0.667), which were mild and manageable. CONCLUSION Imrecoxib is non-inferior to celecoxib in postoperative analgesia and exhibits an acceptable tolerance in patients undergoing AKS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Daqing Oil Field General Hospital, Daqing, 163000, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Daqing Oil Field General Hospital, Daqing, 163000, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, No. 6019 Liuxian Avenue, Xili Street, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
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Liu F, Huang J, Wu X, Du F, Zeng L, Wu J, Chen Z. Regioselective Radical-Relay Sulfonylation/Cyclization Protocol to Sulfonylated Pyrrolidones under Transition-Metal-Free Conditions. J Org Chem 2022; 87:6137-6145. [PMID: 35437015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A simple and low-cost tandem sulfonylation/cyclization of 1,5-diene, aryldiazonium salt, and DABCO·(SO2)2 is disclosed. This base-promoted multicomponent reaction can provide a "green" and economic synthesis of sulfonylated pyrrolidones under transition-metal-free and moisture/oxygen-insensitive reaction conditions, thus delivering a wide range of sulfonylated pyrrolidones in moderate to high yields with excellent functional group compatibility. A plausible mechanism involving a radical process is proposed, which demonstrates highly chemoselective trapping of the aryl radical with "SO2" species, and a regioselective sulfonylation/cyclization protocol in this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
| | - Jiapian Huang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China.,Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, China
| | - Xinyu Wu
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, China
| | - Feihua Du
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Linghui Zeng
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, China
| | - Zhiyuan Chen
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China
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Karati D, Mahadik KR, Kumar D. Pyrazole Scaffolds: Centrality in Anti-Inflammatory and Antiviral Drug Design. Med Chem 2022; 18:1060-1072. [PMID: 35410619 DOI: 10.2174/1573406418666220410181827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyrazole is a component of a diversity of bioactive heterocyclic congeners with a broad-spectrum range of biological and pharmacological uses. Designing novel pyrazole and its analogues, revealing new routes for synthesizing this nucleus, exploring various potencies of that heterocycles, and looking for possible applications of pyrazoles are all becoming more important due to their numerous potential applications. OBJECTIVES Pyrazole scaffolds have been proven to be successful as anti-viral and anti-inflammatory therapeutic against multiple targets like HSV-1, NNRTI, H1N1, CoX-1, and CoX-2. Due to this miscellany in the biotic area, this moiety has engrossed the consideration of many scientists to study chemistry and pharmacological profile. RESULTS The review encompasses pyrazole having various scaffolds with multiple biological activities and attempts have also been made to correlate their structure-activity relationship. Multiple pyrazole correspondents have been synthesized as lead molecules and performed valuation for their actions. CONCLUSION The incorporation of pyrazole with other pharmacophores in the molecule might lead to novel potent therapeutic agents that will further help in designing potent lead molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanjan Karati
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Erandwane, Pune- 411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kakasaheb Ramoo Mahadik
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Erandwane, Pune- 411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Erandwane, Pune- 411038, Maharashtra, India
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Cheng Y, Qu Z, Chen S, Ji X, Deng G, Huang H. Visible‐Light‐Induced Photoredox 1,1‐Dichloromethylation of Alkenes with Chloroform. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghua Qu
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 People's Republic of China
| | - Shiru Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochen Ji
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang 453007 People's Republic of China
| | - Guo‐Jun Deng
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang 453007 People's Republic of China
| | - Huawen Huang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang 453007 People's Republic of China
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Xie Y, Tu L, Zhang Y, Yu Q, Wu H, Ye S, Li H, Chen Z, Wu J, Cao S, Wei Q, Gu J. Efficacy and safety of Fengshi Gutong Capsule in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis: A 4-week randomized controlled, double-blinded, double-dummy trial. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 285:114731. [PMID: 34634368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fengshi Gutong Capsule (FSGTC) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that is composed of seven herbs. It has been widely used for the treatment of joint pain in China. However, the clinical evidence supporting its use in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is lacking. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to explore the efficacy and safety of FSGTC in the treatment of AS. MATERIALS AND METHODS This randomized, controlled, double-blinded, double-dummy trial enrolled patients with active AS defined as Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease ActivityIndex (BASDAI) ≥ 4 or Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score with C-reactive protein (ASDAS-CRP) ≥ 2.1. Eligible patients were randomized (1:1:1) into combination group (FSGTC plus imrecoxib), FSGTC group (FSGTC plus imrecoxib placebo) or imrecoxib group (imrecoxib plus FSGTC placebo) over a 4-week treatment. The primary endpoint was the composite outcome measure of the Assessment in Ankylosing Spondylitis 20% (ASAS20) response at week 4. The secondary endpoints included ASDAS-CRP, BASDAI, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI), patient's global assessment of disease activity (PGTA) and safety. RESULTS Of the 180 randomized patients, 159 patients (88.3%) completed the 4-week treatment. ASAS20 response rate at week 4 was achieved by 27.5% in imrecoxib group, compared with 37.0% in combination group (P > 0.05) and 37.0% in FSGTC group (P > 0.05). In comparison to imrecoxib group, there were significantly greater improvements of ASDAS-CRP and PTGA in combination group and greater improvement of ASDAS-CRP in FSGTC group while the rest of the secondary endpoints shown similar improvement. The incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events in imrecoxib group (15.7%) was significantly higher than that of FSGTC group (1.9%) and without a significant difference to combination group (7.4%). CONCLUSION FSGTC alone or combined with NSAIDs has therapeutic efficacy in decreasing disease activity of active AS patients and with good gastrointestinal tolerability after 4-week of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Xie
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Liudan Tu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qinghong Yu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, ZhuJiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Henglian Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Dongguan TungWah Hospital, Dongguan, China.
| | - Shanhui Ye
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Haibo Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zena Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jialing Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shuangyan Cao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qiujing Wei
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jieruo Gu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Mansaray JK, Huang Y, Li K, Sun X, Zha Z, Wang Z. Efficient Enantioselective Synthesis of Trisubstituted γ-Lactam via Michael Addition Reaction of 2, 3-dioxopyrrolidine with Indole in Aqueous Media. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5510-5514. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00959e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient enantioselective Michael addition reaction of 2,3-dioxopyrrolidine with indole in aqueous media was developed by virtue of a chiral copper complex. This reaction features air tolerance, broad substrate scope...
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Zheng Y, Zhang TT, Shen WB. Gold-catalyzed oxidative cyclization of amide-alkynes: access to functionalized γ-lactams. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:9688-9691. [PMID: 34718364 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01846a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient gold-catalyzed oxidative cyclization of amide-alkynes is developed. A series of functionalized γ-lactams are easily accessed by employing this strategy. The tandem reaction proceeds through alkyne oxidation, carbene/alkyne metathesis, and donor/donor carbene oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zheng
- College of Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Ting-Ting Zhang
- College of Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Wen-Bo Shen
- College of Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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Bao‐Le L, Zhang H, Di J, Zhang Z. Polyoxometalate immobilized on MOF‐5 as an environment‐friendly catalyst for the synthesis of poly‐functionalized 3‐pyrrolin‐2‐ones. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Bao‐Le
- Department of Radiochemistry China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing China
| | - Hong‐Yan Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Material Science Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang China
| | - Jia‐Qi Di
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Material Science Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang China
| | - Zhan‐Hui Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Material Science Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang China
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Shen WB, Zhang TT, Zhang M, Wu JJ, Jiang XL, Ru GX, Gao GQ, Zhu XH. Cu( i)- and Au( i)-catalyzed regioselective oxidation of diynes: divergent synthesis of N-heterocycles. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00912e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The efficient and divergent construction of two types of valuable N-heterocycle is achieved easily, with the first example of the generation of α-oxo copper carbenes via copper-catalyzed oxidation of non-polarized alkynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bo Shen
- College of Sciences and College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhang
- College of Sciences and College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of Sciences and College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jing-Jing Wu
- Qingdao Agricultural University Library, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Jiang
- College of Sciences and College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Guang-Xin Ru
- College of Sciences and College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Guang-Qin Gao
- College of Sciences and College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiu-Hong Zhu
- College of Sciences and College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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16
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Li Y, Wang J, Huang J, Yu J, Wang Y, Tan H, Zhang H, Yang G, Pei Q. Dose investigation of imrecoxib in patients with renal insufficiency based on modelling and simulation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 152:105449. [PMID: 32621967 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Imrecoxib is a new moderately selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. A previous study has shown that drug exposure differs significantly in renally impaired patients. We aim to describe the population pharmacokinetics (PPK) of imrecoxib (M0) and its two metabolites (M1, M2) to provide a theoretical basis for investigating imrecoxib doses for renally impaired patients. METHODS Using PPK analysis, 24 patients with 257 different plasma concentrations were studied. Of these, 12 had severe renal impairment and 12 had normal renal function. The dose regimen was simulated based on the final model to compare the ratio (Cu,ss/IC50) of the average unbound concentration at steady state (Cu,ss) to the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of COX-2. RESULTS Imrecoxib and its metabolite concentrations were satisfactorily described by a two-compartment with first-order transit absorption model for imrecoxib and a one-compartment model for its metabolites. Renal function was a significant binary covariate. Scenarios of '75 mg q12h' and '50 mg q8h' in renally impaired patients had similar Cu,ss/IC50 values with a '100 mg q12h' regimen in subjects with normal renal function. CONCLUSION A PPK model of imrecoxib and its two metabolites is presented. The renal insufficiency regimen should be reduced to '75 mg q12h' or '50 mg q8h'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China, 410013
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China, 410013
| | - Jie Huang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China, 410013
| | - Jingjing Yu
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China, 410013
| | - Yan Wang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China, 410013
| | - Hongyi Tan
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China, 410013
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China, 410013
| | - Guoping Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China, 410013; Center for Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China, 410013; Research Center of Drug Clinical Evaluation of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China, 410013
| | - Qi Pei
- Department of Pharmacy, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China, 410013.
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17
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Xie J, Li X, Kleij AW. Pd-catalyzed stereoselective tandem ring-opening amination/cyclization of vinyl γ-lactones: access to caprolactam diversity. Chem Sci 2020; 11:8839-8845. [PMID: 34123137 PMCID: PMC8163440 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03647a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A stereoselective amination/cyclization cascade process has been developed that allows for the preparation of a series of unsaturated and substituted caprolactam derivatives in good yields. This conceptually novel protocol takes advantage of the easy access and modular character of vinyl γ-lactones that can be prepared from simple precursors. Activation of the lactone substrate in the presence of a suitable Pd precursor and newly developed phosphoramidite ligand offers a stereocontrolled ring-opening/allylic amination manifold under ambient conditions. The intermediate (E)-configured ε-amino acid can be cyclized using a suitable dehydrating agent in an efficient one-pot, two-step sequence. This overall highly chemo-, stereo- and regio-selective transformation streamlines the production of a wide variety of modifiable and valuable caprolactam building blocks in an operationally attractive way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Xie
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 43007-Tarragona Spain
| | - Xuetong Li
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 43007-Tarragona Spain
| | - Arjan W Kleij
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 43007-Tarragona Spain
- Catalan Institute of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) Pg. Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
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18
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Srinivas NR. Pronounced influence of presystemic metabolism on the metabolic disposition of imrecoxib in renally impaired patients. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 76:469-471. [DOI: 10.1007/s00228-019-02824-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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19
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Rao WH, Jiang LL, Chen FY, Zhang M, Guo YY, Chen JJ, Cui Y, Zou GD, Tang L. Access to functionalized pyrrolidones via copper-catalyzed aminooxygenation of unactivated alkenes. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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20
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Liu Y, Zhang R, Li Z, Zhou J, Yang T, Yang C, Huang X, Zhang Y, Shi S. Lack of effect of Imrecoxib, an innovative and moderate COX-2 inhibitor, on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin in healthy volunteers. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15774. [PMID: 31673051 PMCID: PMC6823368 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51755-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Imrecoxib is a registered treatment for osteoarthritis pain symptoms in China. This study aims to assess the effect of imrecoxib on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of warfarin. 12 healthy male volunteers with CYP2C9*3 AA and VKORC1 AA genotypes took a 5 mg dose of warfarin both alone and concomitantly with steady-state imrecoxib. Both warfarin alone and concomitantly with imrecoxib have safey and good tolerance across the trial. Following warfarin and imrecoxib co-administration, neither Cmax, AUC0-t and t1/2 of warfarin enantiomers nor AUC of international normalized ratio (INR) were markedly different from those of warfarin alone. The geometric mean ratios (GMRs) (warfarin + imrecoxib: warfarin alone) of INR(AUC) was 1 (0.99, 1.01). The GMRs of warfarin AUC0-∞ (90% confidence interval, CIs) for warfarin + imrecoxib: warfarin alone were 1.12 (1.08, 1.16) for R-warfarin and 1.13 (1.07, 1.18) for S- warfarin. The 90% CIs of the GMRs of AUC0-∞, Cmax and INR (AUC) were all within a 0.8–1.25 interval. The combination of warfarin and imrecoxib did not impact the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of single-dose warfarin; therefore, when treating a patient with imrecoxib and warfarin, it is not required to adjust the dosage of warfarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Clinical Research Organization for Pharmaceutical Products, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Clinical Research Organization for Pharmaceutical Products, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zhongfang Li
- Clinical Research Organization for Pharmaceutical Products, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jiali Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Clinical Research Organization for Pharmaceutical Products, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Tingyu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Clinical Research Organization for Pharmaceutical Products, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chunxiao Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Clinical Research Organization for Pharmaceutical Products, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xixi Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Clinical Research Organization for Pharmaceutical Products, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Clinical Research Organization for Pharmaceutical Products, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shaojun Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China. .,Clinical Research Organization for Pharmaceutical Products, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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21
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Khojasteh SC, Bumpus NN, Driscoll JP, Miller GP, Mitra K, Rietjens IMCM, Zhang D. Biotransformation and bioactivation reactions - 2018 literature highlights. Drug Metab Rev 2019; 51:121-161. [PMID: 31170851 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2019.1615937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the past three decades, ADME sciences have become an integral component of the drug discovery and development process. At the same time, the field has continued to evolve, thus, requiring ADME scientists to be knowledgeable of and engage with diverse aspects of drug assessment: from pharmacology to toxicology, and from in silico modeling to in vitro models and finally in vivo models. Progress in this field requires deliberate exposure to different aspects of ADME; however, this task can seem daunting in the current age of mass information. We hope this review provides a focused and brief summary of a wide array of critical advances over the past year and explains the relevance of this research ( Table 1 ). We divided the articles into categories of (1) drug optimization, (2) metabolites and drug metabolizing enzymes, and (3) bioactivation. This annual review is the fourth of its kind (Baillie et al. 2016 ; Khojasteh et al. 2017 , 2018 ). We have followed the same format we used in previous years in terms of the selection of articles and the authoring of each section. This effort in itself also continues to evolve. I am pleased that Rietjens, Miller, and Mitra have again contributed to this annual review. We would like to welcome Namandjé N. Bumpus, James P. Driscoll, and Donglu Zhang as authors for this year's issue. We strive to maintain a balance of authors from academic and industry settings. We would be pleased to hear your opinions of our commentary, and we extend an invitation to anyone who would like to contribute to a future edition of this review. Cyrus Khojasteh, on behalf of the authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cyrus Khojasteh
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Namandjé N Bumpus
- Department of Medicine - Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - James P Driscoll
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, MyoKardia Inc. , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Grover P Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA
| | - Kaushik Mitra
- Department of Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck Research Laboratories (MRL), Merck & Co., Inc , West Point , PA , USA
| | | | - Donglu Zhang
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc , South San Francisco , CA , USA
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22
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Simultaneous determination of imrecoxib and its two active metabolites in plasma of hepatic impairment patients by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1122-1123:58-63. [PMID: 31153132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Imrecoxib is a specific inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2. Its hydroxymethyl (M1) and carboxylic acid (M2) metabolites are the major circulating components in human plasma. It has been demonstrated that the anti-inflammatory activities of M1 and M2 are both equal to the parent drug. In the current study, a highly sensitive and rapid method was established and validated for the determination of imrecoxib, M1 and M2 in human plasma via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technique. To our knowledge, this is the first study that simultaneously analyzed imrecoxib and its two active metabolites following a rapid protein-precipitation clean-up. Imrecoxib and its metabolites were separated on a reversed-C18 column (3.5 μm; 100 × 4.6 mm), and the mobile phase was optimized as 5 mM ammonium acetate: acetonitrile: formic acid (35: 65: 0.1, v/v/v), based on the pKa values of analytes. Mass spectrometric detection was conducted in a positive multiple reaction monitoring mode. The m/z transitions of imrecoxib (370.2 → 278.2), M1 (386.2 → 278.2) and M2 (400.2 → 236.2) were selected for an effective balance between sensitivity and selectivity. An excellent linearity was demonstrated over the concentration ranges of 0.100-40.0, 0.200-80.0 and 2.00-800 ng/mL for imrecoxib, M1 and M2, respectively. The method validation was carried out in agreement with the FDA guidance. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetic properties of imrecoxib and its two active metabolites were characterized in patients with moderate hepatic impairment, by using the developed and validated method.
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23
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Pei Q, Xie JL, Huang J, Liu WY, Yang XY, Wang Y, Li W, Tan HY, Zhang H, Yang GP. Pharmacokinetic study of imrecoxib in patients with renal insufficiency. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 75:1355-1360. [DOI: 10.1007/s00228-019-02698-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Xie J, Xue S, Escudero‐Adán EC, Kleij AW. Domino Synthesis of α,β‐Unsaturated γ‐Lactams by Stereoselective Amination of α‐Tertiary Allylic Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Xie
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Sijing Xue
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Eduardo C. Escudero‐Adán
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Arjan W. Kleij
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Catalan Institute of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) Pg. Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
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25
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Xie J, Xue S, Escudero-Adán EC, Kleij AW. Domino Synthesis of α,β-Unsaturated γ-Lactams by Stereoselective Amination of α-Tertiary Allylic Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:16727-16731. [PMID: 30371962 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Tertiary allylic alcohols equipped with a carboxyl group can be smoothly aminated under ambient conditions by a conceptually new and stereoselective protocol under palladium catalysis. The in situ formed Z-configured γ-amino acid cyclizes to afford an α,β-unsaturated γ-lactam, releasing water as the only byproduct. This practical catalytic transformation highlights the use of a carboxyl group acting as an activating and stereodirecting functional group to provide a wide series of pharma-relevant building blocks. Various control reactions support the crucial role of the carboxyl group in the substrate to mediate these transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Xie
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sijing Xue
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Eduardo C Escudero-Adán
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Arjan W Kleij
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.,Catalan Institute of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
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26
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Zuo CZ, Gong Y, Hou XY, Zhang YF, Peng WX, Zhu RH, Zhong DF, Chen XY. Effect of Fluconazole on the Pharmacokinetic Properties of Imrecoxib, a Novel NSAID: A Single-center, Open-label, Self-controlled Study in Healthy Chinese Male Volunteers. Clin Ther 2018; 40:1347-1356. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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27
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Hou X, Zhou J, Yu S, Zhou L, Zhang Y, Zhong D, Chen X. Differences in the In Vivo and In Vitro Metabolism of Imrecoxib in Humans: Formation of the Rate-Limiting Aldehyde Intermediate. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:1320-1328. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.081182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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28
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Jiang B, Wei Y, Shi M. Gold- and silver-catalyzed intramolecular annulation and rearrangement of aniline-linked 1,6-enynes containing methylenecyclopropanes. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00358k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A new synthetic approach for the construction of 1,2-dihydroquinolines having a methylenecyclopropane moiety or a cyclobutene moiety has been developed from gold- and silver-catalyzed annulation of N-tethered 1,6-enynes containing methylenecyclopropanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- University of Chinese Academy of Science
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Yin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- University of Chinese Academy of Science
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Min Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- University of Chinese Academy of Science
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
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29
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Jiang B, Shi M. Rhodium(ii)-catalyzed intermolecular [3 + 2] annulation of N-vinyl indoles with N-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles via an aza-vinyl Rh carbene. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00703e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study opens up a new synthetic approach for the construction of various functionalized indoles having a dihydropyrrole moiety from the Rh(ii)-catalyzed annulation of N-vinyl indoles with 4-aryl-N-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Science
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
| | - Min Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Science
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
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30
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Prabagar B, Nayak S, Prasad R, Sahoo AK. Dimethyl Sulfoxide and N-Iodosuccinimide Promoted 5-exo-dig Oxidative Cyclization of Yne-Tethered Ynamide: Access to Pyrrolidones and Spiro-pyrrolidones. Org Lett 2016; 18:3066-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Prabagar
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Sanatan Nayak
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Rangu Prasad
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Akhila K. Sahoo
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
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31
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Zhang S, Luo YC, Hu XQ, Wang ZY, Liang YM, Xu PF. Enantioselective Amine-Catalyzed [4 + 2] Annulations of Allene Ketones and 2,3-Dioxopyrrolidine Derivatives: Synthesis of 4H-Pyran Derivatives. J Org Chem 2015; 80:7288-94. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Chun Luo
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Qin Hu
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Zhu-Yin Wang
- College
of Mechanics and Materials, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Min Liang
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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32
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El-Achkar GA, Jouni M, Mrad MF, Hirz T, El Hachem N, Khalaf A, Hammoud S, Fayyad-Kazan H, Eid AA, Badran B, Merhi RA, Hachem A, Hamade E, Habib A. Thiazole derivatives as inhibitors of cyclooxygenases in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 750:66-73. [PMID: 25617797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenases (COXs) are important membrane-bound heme containing enzymes important in platelet activation and inflammation. COX-1 is constitutively expressed in most cells whereas COX-2 is an inducible isoform highly expressed in inflammatory conditions. Studies have been carried out to evaluate thiazole derivatives as anti-inflammatory molecules. In this study, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo effects of two novel thiazole derivatives compound 1 (N-[4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl] acetamide) and compound 2 (4-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyphenol) on prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production and COX activity in inflammatory settings. Our results reveal a potent inhibition of both compound 1 (IC50 9.01±0.01µM) and 2 (IC50 11.65±6.20µM) (Mean±S.E.M.) on COX-2-dependent PGE2 production. We also determined whether COX-1 activity was inhibited. Using cells stably over-expressing COX-1 and human blood platelets, we showed that compound 1 is a specific inhibitor of COX-1 with IC50 (5.56×10(-8)±2.26×10(-8)µM), whereas compound 2 did not affect COX-1. Both compounds exhibit anti-inflammatory effect in the dorsal air pouch model of inflammation as shows by inhibition of PGE2 secretion. Modeling analysis of docking in the catalytic site of COX-1 or COX-2 further confirmed the difference in the effect of these two compounds. In conclusion, this study contributes to the design of new anti-inflammatory agents and to the understanding of cyclooxygenase inhibition by thiazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghewa A El-Achkar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, AUB, Beirut, PO Box 11-236, Lebanon; INSERM U955, Equipe 12, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Est, Creteil, France
| | - Mariam Jouni
- Genomic and Health Laboratory ER 031/PRASE-EDST, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - May F Mrad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, AUB, Beirut, PO Box 11-236, Lebanon
| | - Taghreed Hirz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, AUB, Beirut, PO Box 11-236, Lebanon
| | - Nehme El Hachem
- Bioinformatics and Computational Genomics Laboratory, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ali Khalaf
- Département de Chimie et de Biochimie, Laboratoire de Chimie Médicinale et des Produits Naturels & PRASE, EDST Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Soukaina Hammoud
- Département de Chimie et de Biochimie, Laboratoire de Chimie Médicinale et des Produits Naturels & PRASE, EDST Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Hussein Fayyad-Kazan
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 121, Boulevard de Waterloo, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Assaad A Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, PO Box 11-236, Lebanon
| | - Bassam Badran
- Laboratory of Immunology/EDST-PRASE, Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Raghida Abou Merhi
- Genomic and Health Laboratory ER 031/PRASE-EDST, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali Hachem
- Département de Chimie et de Biochimie, Laboratoire de Chimie Médicinale et des Produits Naturels & PRASE, EDST Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Eva Hamade
- Genomic and Health Laboratory ER 031/PRASE-EDST, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Aïda Habib
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, AUB, Beirut, PO Box 11-236, Lebanon; Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, INSERM UMR 1149-Université Paris Diderot, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, 16 rue Henri Huchard, F-75018 Paris, France.
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Farag DB, Farag NA, Esmat A, Abuelezz SA, Abdel-Salam Ibrahim E, Abou El Ella DA. Synthesis, 3D pharmacophore, QSAR and docking studies of novel quinazoline derivatives with nitric oxide release moiety as preferential COX-2 inhibitors. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00392f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Four novel series of quinazoline derivatives IIIa–c, VIa–c and their NO-hybrid molecules as nitrate esters Va–c and VIIIa–c have been synthesized and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Boshra Farag
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Misr International University
- Cairo
- Egypt
| | - Nahla A. Farag
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Misr International University
- Cairo
- Egypt
| | - Ahmed Esmat
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Ain Shams University
- Cairo
- Egypt
| | - Sally A. Abuelezz
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics Department
- Faculty of Medicine
- Ain Shams University
- Cairo
- Egypt
| | | | - Dalal A. Abou El Ella
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Ain Shams University
- Cairo
- Egypt
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Pelkey ET, Pelkey SJ, Greger JG. De Novo Synthesis of 3-Pyrrolin-2-Ones. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Feng J, Wang Y, Li Q, Jiang R, Tang Y. Facile synthesis of pyrroles via Rh(II)-catalyzed transannulation of 1-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles with silyl or alkyl enol ethers. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.09.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Suthar SK, Sharma M. Recent Developments in Chimeric NSAIDs as Safer Anti-Inflammatory Agents. Med Res Rev 2014; 35:341-407. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharad Kumar Suthar
- Department of Pharmacy; Jaypee University of Information Technology; Waknaghat 173234 India
| | - Manu Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy; Jaypee University of Information Technology; Waknaghat 173234 India
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Ran RQ, He J, Xiu SD, Wang KB, Li CY. Synthesis of 3-Pyrrolin-2-ones by Rhodium-Catalyzed Transannulation of 1-Sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazole with Ketene Silyl Acetal. Org Lett 2014; 16:3704-7. [PMID: 25004242 DOI: 10.1021/ol501514b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Qiao Ran
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha West Higher
Education District, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha West Higher
Education District, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Shi-Dong Xiu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha West Higher
Education District, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Kai-Bing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha West Higher
Education District, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Chuan-Ying Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha West Higher
Education District, Hangzhou 310018, China
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38
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Synthesis and anticancer activity of γ-(triazolyl ethylidene)butenolides and polyfunctional pyrrolinones. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 82:106-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Chen X, Zhu L, Fang L, Yan S, Lin J. Catalyst-free concise synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyrrolo[3,4-e]pyridine derivatives. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra45485a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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40
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Basile L, Alvarez S, Blanco A, Santagati A, Granata G, Di Pietro P, Guccione S, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ. Sulfonilamidothiopyrimidone and thiopyrimidone derivatives as selective COX-2 inhibitors: synthesis, biological evaluation, and docking studies. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 57:149-61. [PMID: 23047231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Newly synthesized sulfonilamidothiopyrimidone derivatives and a subset of 14 sulfonilamidothiopyrimidones and thiopyrimidones selected by an MTT assays cell viability guided selection from an in house collection were evaluated to determine the inhibitory effect on the PGE(2) formation in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) using commercial ELISA. The newly synthesized sulfonilamidothiopyrimidone derivatives showed interesting pharmacological activities. Preliminary in vitro assays showed that compounds 2-5 are endowed with very high activity. Compound 2 was the most active as hCOX-2 inhibitor. The observed effects were not due to an inhibition of cell proliferation as proved by the BrdU assay. Western blot of COX-2 confirmed the inhibition on the PGE(2) secretion. Further evidence on the inhibitory potential and selectivity as COX-2 inhibitors of the selected compounds came from the in vitro screening. In order to better rationalize the action and the binding mode of these compounds, docking studies were carried out. These studies were in agreement with the biological data. Compounds 2-5 were able to fit into the active site of COX-2 with highest scores and interaction energies. Furthermore, compound 2, which showed an inhibition of around 50% on PGE(2) production, was the best scored in all the docking calculations carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Basile
- EtnaLead s.r.l., c/o Etnabuilding, Scuola Superiore di Catania, via S. Nullo 5/i, I-95123 Catania, Italy
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Greger JG, Yoon-Miller SJP, Bechtold NR, Flewelling SA, MacDonald JP, Downey CR, Cohen EA, Pelkey ET. Synthesis of unsymmetrical 3,4-diaryl-3-pyrrolin-2-ones utilizing pyrrole Weinreb amides. J Org Chem 2011; 76:8203-14. [PMID: 21913662 DOI: 10.1021/jo2013516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A regiocontrolled synthesis of unsymmetrical 3,4-diaryl-3-pyrrolin-2-ones has been achieved in three steps from 1,2-diaryl-1-nitroethenes with pyrrole-2-carboxamides (pyrrole Weinreb amides) serving as the key linchpin intermediates. Two different methods for the preparation of the requisite nitroalkenes were investigated: (1) modified Henry reaction between arylnitromethanes and arylimines; and (2) Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction of 2-aryl-1-bromo-1-nitroethenes with arylboronic acids. Some difficulty was encountered in the preparation of arylnitromethanes, thus leading to the exploration of a cross-coupling strategy that proved more useful. A Barton-Zard pyrrole cyclocondensation reaction between 1,2-diaryl-1-nitroethenes and N-methoxy-N-methyl-2-isocyanoacetamide gave the corresponding pyrrole Weinreb amides, which were then converted into the desired 3-pyrrolin-2-ones in two steps. Overall, this method allowed for the construction of 3,4-diaryl-3-pyrrolin-2-ones with complete regiocontrol of the substituents with respect to the lactam carbonyl. The utility of this synthetic methodology was demonstrated by the preparation of eight unsymmetrical and symmetrical 3,4-diaryl-3-pyrrolin-2-ones including the N-H lactam analogue of the selective COX-II inhibitor, rofecoxib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica G Greger
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart College, Geneva, New York 14456, United States
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Jawabrah Al-Hourani B, Sharma SK, Suresh M, Wuest F. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors: a literature and patent review (2009 - 2010). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2011; 21:1339-432. [PMID: 21714592 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2011.593510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COXs catalyze the complex conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins and thromboxanes, which trigger as autacoids with autocrine and paracrine biological effects many physiological and pathophysiological responses. The structural similarities of the COX-1 and -2 enzymes make the search for selective inhibitors for COX-2 versus -1 a formidable challenge. AREAS COVERED The present review provides a survey of the development of novel COX-2 inhibitors covering literature and patents between 2009 and 2010. The presence of a central, typically 1,2-diaryl substituted, heterocycle or carbocycle as a characteristic structural motif in many selective COX-2 inhibitors represents the basis of their classification in this review. The classification in this review includes COX-2 inhibitors based on five- and six-membered heterocycles, benzoheterocycles (e.g., benzopyrans, benzopyranones, indoles and quinolines), quinones, chalcones, natural products and miscellaneous. When available, COX-2 inhibitors are presented with their related COX-2 inhibitory potency and selectivity. EXPERT OPINION The availability of detailed information on the crystal structure of the COX-2 enzyme with various substrates, cofactors and inhibitors, and the recently reported increased risk of cardiovascular events associated with selective COX-2 inhibitors will further stimulate development of COX-2 inhibitors with favorable COX-2 inhibition profiles without adverse effects to the cardiovascular system.
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Eren G, Unlü S, Nuñez MT, Labeaga L, Ledo F, Entrena A, Banoğlu E, Costantino G, Sahin MF. Synthesis, biological evaluation, and docking studies of novel heterocyclic diaryl compounds as selective COX-2 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:6367-76. [PMID: 20692174 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Revised: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Three novel series of diaryl heterocyclic derivatives bearing the 2-oxo-5H-furan, 2-oxo-3H-1,3-oxazole, and 1H-pyrazole moieties as the central heterocyclic ring were synthesized and their in vitro inhibitory activities on COX-1 and COX-2 isoforms were evaluated using a purified enzyme assay. The 2-oxo-5H-furan derivative 6b was identified as potent COX inhibitor with selectivity toward COX-1 (COX-1 IC(50)=0.061 microM and COX-2 IC(50)=0.325 microM; selectivity index (SI)=0.19). Among the 1H-pyrazole derivatives, 11b was found to be a potent COX-2 inhibitor, about 38 times more potent than Rofecoxib (COX-2 IC(50)=0.011 microM and 0.398 microM, respectively), but showed no selectivity for COX-2 isoform. Compound 11c demonstrated strong and selective COX-2 inhibitory activity (COX-1 IC(50)=1 microM, COX-2 IC(50)=0.011 microM; SI= approximately 92). Molecular docking studies of compounds 6b and 11b-d into the binding sites of COX-1 and COX-2 allowed to shed light on the binding mode of these novel COX inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökçen Eren
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 06330 Ankara, Turkey.
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2010; 4:111-20. [DOI: 10.1097/spc.0b013e32833a1dfc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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