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Wang Y, Yu D, Zhu S, Du X, Wang X. The genus Dioscorea L. (Dioscoreaceae), a review of traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 329:118069. [PMID: 38552992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Dioscorea, a member of the Dioscoreaceae family, comprises approximately 600 species and is widely distributed across temperate and tropical regions such as Asia, South Africa, and North America. The traditional medicinal uses of Dioscorea have been documented in Asian and African pharmacological systems. In Asia, this genus is traditionally used to treat respiratory illnesses, rheumatism, diabetes, diarrhea, dysentery, and other conditions. In Africa, this genus has been used to treat human immunodeficiency virus and ring worms. However, the traditional medicinal practices in North America rarely mention the use of this genus. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this review is to comprehensively review the genus Dioscorea, focusing on its traditional uses, phytochemical constituents, pharmacological activities, and potential toxicities. The research also aims to highlight the valuable bioactive compounds within Dioscorea and emphasize the need for further investigations into acute and chronic toxicity, activity mechanisms, molecular markers, and other relevant factors to contribute to the discovery of novel pharmaceuticals. MATERIALS AND METHODS A search for available information on Dioscorea was conducted using scientific databases, including PubMed, ISI-WOS, Scopus, and Google Scholar, as well as recent academic publications from reputable publishers and other literature sources. The search was not limited by language and spanned the literature published between 1950 and 2022. RESULTS This article provides a comprehensive review of the Dioscorea genus, focusing on its traditional uses, phytochemical constituents, pharmacological activities, and potential toxicities. Extensive research has been conducted on this genus, resulting in the isolation and examination of over 1000 compounds, including steroids, terpenoids, and flavonoids, to determine their biological activities. These activities include anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic effects. However, some studies have indicated the potential toxicity of high doses of Dioscorea, highlighting the need for further investigations to assess the safety of this genus. Additionally, this review explores potential avenues for future research and discusses the challenges associated with a comprehensive understanding of the Dioscorea genus. CONCLUSIONS Based on the existing literature, it can be concluded that Dioscorea is a valuable source of bioactive compounds that have the potential to treat various disorders. Future research should prioritize the investigation of acute and chronic toxicity, activity mechanisms, molecular markers, and other relevant factors. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the Dioscorea genus, emphasizing its potential to enable a deeper exploration of the biological activity mechanisms of these plants and contribute to the discovery of novel pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Dan Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Shaojie Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Xiaowei Du
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China.
| | - Xijun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China.
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Jaberi KR, Alamdari-palangi V, Savardashtaki A, Vatankhah P, Jamialahmadi T, Tajbakhsh A, Sahebkar A. Modulatory Effects of Phytochemicals on Gut-Brain Axis: Therapeutic Implication. Curr Dev Nutr 2024; 8:103785. [PMID: 38939650 PMCID: PMC11208951 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.103785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This article explores the potential therapeutic implications of phytochemicals on the gut-brain axis (GBA), which serves as a communication network between the central nervous system and the enteric nervous system. Phytochemicals, which are compounds derived from plants, have been shown to interact with the gut microbiota, immune system, and neurotransmitter systems, thereby influencing brain function. Phytochemicals such as polyphenols, carotenoids, flavonoids, and terpenoids have been identified as having potential therapeutic implications for various neurological disorders. The GBA plays a critical role in the development and progression of various neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, depression, anxiety, and autism spectrum disorders. Dysbiosis, or an imbalance in gut microbiota composition, has been associated with a range of neurological disorders, suggesting that modulating the gut microbiota may have potential therapeutic implications for these conditions. Although these findings are promising, further research is needed to elucidate the optimal use of phytochemicals in neurological disorder treatment, as well as their potential interactions with other medications. The literature review search was conducted using predefined search terms such as phytochemicals, gut-brain axis, neurodegenerative, and Parkinson in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khojasteh Rahimi Jaberi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Vahab Alamdari-palangi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pooya Vatankhah
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Tajbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Firdoos S, Dai R, Tahir RA, Khan ZY, Li H, Zhang J, Ni J, Quan Z, Qing H. In silico identification of novel stilbenes analogs for potential multi-targeted drugs against Alzheimer's disease. J Mol Model 2023; 29:209. [PMID: 37314512 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05609-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative syndrome, which adversely disturbs cognitive abilities as well as intellectual processes and frequently occurs in the elderly. Inhibition of cholinesterase is a valuable approach to upsurge acetylcholine concentrations in the brain and persuades the development of multi-targeted ligands against cholinesterases. METHODS The current study aims to determine the binding potential accompanied by antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of stilbenes-designed analogs against both cholinesterases (Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase) and neurotrophin targets for effective AD therapeutics. Docking results have shown that the WS6 compound exhibited the least binding energy - 10.1 kcal/mol with Acetylcholinesterase and - 7.8 kcal/mol with butyrylcholinesterase. The WS6 also showed a better binding potential with neurotrophin targets that are Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor, Neurotrophin 4, Nerve Growth Factor, and Neurotrophin 3. The tested compounds particularly WS6 revealed significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities through the comparative docking analysis with Fluorouracil and Melatonin as control drugs of antioxidants while Celecoxib and Anakinra as anti-inflammatory. The bioinformatics approaches including molecular docking calculations followed by the pharmacokinetics analysis and molecular dynamic simulations were accomplished to explore the capabilities of designed stilbenes as effective and potential leads. Root mean square deviation, root mean square fluctuations, and MM-GBSA calculations were performed through molecular dynamic simulations to extract the structural and residual variations and binding free energies through the 50-ns time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundas Firdoos
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceutical, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rongji Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceutical, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rana Adnan Tahir
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Younas Khan
- Department of Computer Science and IT, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Junjun Ni
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhenzhen Quan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hong Qing
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
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Rahman MM, Islam MR, Alam Tumpa MA, Shohag S, Shakil Khan Shuvo, Ferdous J, Kajol SA, Aljohani ASM, Al Abdulmonem W, Rauf A, Thiruvengadam M. Insights into the promising prospect of medicinal chemistry studies against neurodegenerative disorders. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 373:110375. [PMID: 36739931 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal chemistry is an interdisciplinary field that incorporates organic chemistry, biochemistry, physical chemistry, pharmacology, informatics, molecular biology, structural biology, cell biology, and other disciplines. Additionally, it considers molecular factors such as the mode of action of the drugs, their chemical structure-activity relationship (SAR), and pharmacokinetic aspects like absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination, and toxicity. Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs), which are defined by the breakdown of neurons over time, are affecting an increasing number of people. Oxidative stress, particularly the increased production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), plays a crucial role in the growth of various disorders, as indicated by the identification of protein, lipid, and Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) oxidation products in vivo. Because of their inherent nature, most biological molecules are vulnerable to ROS, even if they play a role in metabolic parameters and cell signaling. Due to their high polyunsaturated fatty acid content, low antioxidant barrier, and high oxygen uptake, neurons are particularly vulnerable to oxidation by nature. As a result, excessive ROS generation in neurons looks especially harmful, and the mechanisms associated with biomolecule oxidative destruction are several and complex. This review focuses on the formation and management of ROS, as well as their chemical characteristics (both thermodynamic and kinetic), interactions, and implications in NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Mst Afroza Alam Tumpa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Sheikh Shohag
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University Buraydah, 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakil Khan Shuvo
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Jannatul Ferdous
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Saima Akter Kajol
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah S M Aljohani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University Buraydah, 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Al Abdulmonem
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Anbar, 23430, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan.
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea; Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Pandey AR, Ahmad S, Singh SP, Mishra A, Bisen AC, Sharma G, Ahmad I, Shukla SK, Bhatta RS, Kanojiya S, Tamrakar AK, Sashidhara KV. Furostanol saponins from Asparagus racemosus as potential hypoglycemic agents. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 201:113286. [PMID: 35752344 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bioactivity guided phytochemical investigation led to isolation of six undescribed furostanol saponins, furoasparoside A-F along with five known compounds, gallic acid, methyl gallate, quercetin-3-O-β-glucopyranoside, liquiritigenin 4׳-O-β-apiofuranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-glucopyranoside and β-glucogallin for the first time from the roots of Asparagus racemosus. Isolated saponins were screened for their antidiabetic potential in L6-GLUT4myc myotubes in vitro followed by an in vivo evaluation in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats and db/db mice. Furoasparoside E produced a notable decrease in the postprandial blood glucose profile, in leptin receptor-deficient db/db mice, type 2 diabetes model. The effect of furoasparoside E on GLUT4 translocation was found to be mediated by the AMPK-dependent signaling pathway in L6-GLUT4myc myotubes. Moreover, it emerged as a stable plant metabolite with higher bioavailability and efficacy in in vivo pharmacokinetic studies. Therefore, these studies indicated that furoasparoside E may serve as a propitious lead for the management of type 2 diabetes and its secondary complications from natural source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Raj Pandey
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P., India
| | - Shadab Ahmad
- Division of Biochemistry & Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P., India
| | - Suriya Pratap Singh
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Anjali Mishra
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P., India
| | - Amol Chhatrapati Bisen
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P., India
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility & Research, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, U.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P., India
| | - Ishbal Ahmad
- Division of Biochemistry & Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Sanjeev K Shukla
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility & Research, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, U.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P., India
| | - Rabi Sankar Bhatta
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P., India
| | - Sanjeev Kanojiya
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility & Research, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, U.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P., India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Tamrakar
- Division of Biochemistry & Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P., India
| | - Koneni V Sashidhara
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility & Research, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, U.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P., India.
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Abstract
Saponins, as secondary metabolites in terrestrial plants and marine invertebrate, constitute one of the largest families of natural products. The long history of folk medicinal applications of saponins makes them attractive candidates for innovative drug design and development. Chemical synthesis has become a practical alternative to the availability of the natural saponins and their modified analogs, so as to facilitate SAR studies and the discovery of optimal structures for clinical applications. The recent achievements in the synthesis of these complex saponins reflect the advancements of both steroid/triterpene chemistry and carbohydrate chemistry. This chapter provides an updated review on the chemical synthesis of natural saponins, covering the literature from 2014 to 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Biao Yu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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Uddin MS, Mamun AA, Rahman MM, Jeandet P, Alexiou A, Behl T, Sarwar MS, Sobarzo-Sánchez E, Ashraf GM, Sayed AA, Albadrani GM, Peluso I, Abdel-Daim MM. Natural Products for Neurodegeneration: Regulating Neurotrophic Signals. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8820406. [PMID: 34239696 PMCID: PMC8241508 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8820406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) are heterogeneous groups of ailments typically characterized by progressive damage of the nervous system. Several drugs are used to treat NDs but they have only symptomatic benefits with various side effects. Numerous researches have been performed to prove the advantages of phytochemicals for the treatment of NDs. Furthermore, phytochemicals such as polyphenols might play a pivotal role in rescue from neurodegeneration due to their various effects as anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antiamyloidogenic agents by controlling apoptotic factors, neurotrophic factors (NTFs), free radical scavenging system, and mitochondrial stress. On the other hand, neurotrophins (NTs) including nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), NT4/5, and NT3 might have a crucial neuroprotective role, and their diminution triggers the development of the NDs. Polyphenols can interfere directly with intracellular signaling molecules to alter brain activity. Several natural products also improve the biosynthesis of endogenous genes encoding antiapoptotic Bcl-2 as well as NTFs such as glial cell and brain-derived NTFs. Various epidemiological studies have demonstrated that the initiation of these genes could play an essential role in the neuroprotective function of dietary compounds. Hence, targeting NTs might represent a promising approach for the management of NDs. In this review, we focus on the natural product-mediated neurotrophic signal-modulating cascades, which are involved in the neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Md Motiar Rahman
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutritional Sciences (LCBNS), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Philippe Jeandet
- Research Unit, Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, USC INRAe 1488, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Faculty of Sciences, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, P.O. Box 1039, CEDEX 2, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, 2770 Hebersham, Australia
- AFNP Med Austria, 1010 Wien, Austria
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Md Shahid Sarwar
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación y Postgrado, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, 8330507 Santiago, Chile
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany A. Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Ghadeer M. Albadrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11474, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ilaria Peluso
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-AN), 00142 Rome, Italy
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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Development of an Oriental Medicine Discrimination Method through Analysis of Steroidal Saponins in Dioscorea nipponica Makino and Their Anti-Osteosarcoma Effects. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224022. [PMID: 31698850 PMCID: PMC6891741 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To prevent confusing Dioscorea nipponica (DN), an Oriental medicine, with Dioscorea quinquelobata (DQ) and Dioscorea septemloba (DS), a simple and accurate quantitative analysis method using HPLC combined with ultraviolet (UV) detection was developed and verified with UPLC-QTOF/MS through identification of five saponin glycosides: protodioscin (1), protogracillin (2), pseudoprotodioscin (3), dioscin (4), and gracillin (5). The newly developed analysis method showed sufficient reproducibility (<1.91%) and accuracy (92.1%–102.6%) and was able to identify DN based on the presence of compound 3 (13.821 ± 0.037 mg/mL) and the absence of 5. Compound 1, which is present in DN at a relatively high level (159.983 ± 0.064 mg/mL), was also an important marker for identification. Among the three species, DN showed the strongest activation of apoptotic signaling in osteosarcoma cells, while the four compounds detected in DN showed IC50 values of 6.43 (1), 10.61 (2), 10.48 (3), and 6.90 (4). In conclusion, the strong inhibitory effect of DN against osteosarcoma was confirmed to be associated with 1 and 4, which is also related to the quantitative results. Therefore, the results of this study might provide important information for quality control related to Oriental medicine.
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Jeon SG, Song EJ, Lee D, Park J, Nam Y, Kim JI, Moon M. Traditional Oriental Medicines and Alzheimer's Disease. Aging Dis 2019; 10:307-328. [PMID: 31435482 PMCID: PMC6667206 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.0328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which is the most major cause of dementia, is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects cognitive functions. Even though the prevalence of AD is continuously increasing, few drugs including cholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl D-aspartate-receptor antagonists were approved to treat AD. Because the clinical trials of AD drugs with single targets, such as β-amyloid and tau, have failed, the development of multi-target drugs that ameliorate many of the symptoms of AD is needed. Thus, recent studies have investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of herbal formulae consisting of various herb combinations used to treat AD. This review discusses the results of clinical and nonclinical studies of the therapeutic efficacy in AD and underlying mechanisms of the herbal formulae of traditional Oriental medicines and bioactive compounds of medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Gak Jeon
- 1Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Song
- 1Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongje Lee
- 1Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Junyong Park
- 1Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunkwon Nam
- 2Center for Organic Devices and Advanced Materials, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Il Kim
- 3Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Moon
- 1Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
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Lee HR, Kong SY, Sung SH, Kim HJ. DA-9801 and its saponins, dioscin and protodioscin, protect primary cortical neurons from hyperglycemia-induced neurotoxicity. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Effects of Rhizome Extract of Dioscorea batatas and Its Active Compound, Allantoin, on the Regulation of Myoblast Differentiation and Mitochondrial Biogenesis in C2C12 Myotubes. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23082023. [PMID: 30104552 PMCID: PMC6222821 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23082023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With the aging process, a loss of skeletal muscle mass and dysfunction related to metabolic syndrome is observed in older people. Yams are commonly use in functional foods and medications with various effects. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of rhizome extract of Dioscorea batatas (Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Chinese yam) and its bioactive compound, allantoin, on myoblast differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle cells. Yams were extracted in water and allantoin was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The expression of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) and mitochondrial biogenesis-regulating factors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), sirtuin-1 (Sirt-1), nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1) and transcription factor A, mitochondrial (TFAM), and the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) were determined in C2C12 myotubes by reverse transcriptase (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or western blot. The glucose levels and total ATP contents were measured by glucose consumption, glucose uptake and ATP assays, respectively. Treatment with yam extract (1 mg/mL) and allantoin (0.2 and 0.5 mM) significantly increased MyHC expression compared with non-treated myotubes. Yam extract and allantoin significantly increased the expression of PGC-1α, Sirt-1, NRF-1 and TFAM, as well as the phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC in C2C12 myotubes. Furthermore, yam extract and allantoin significantly increased glucose uptake levels and ATP contents. Finally, HPLC analysis revealed that the yam water extract contained 1.53% of allantoin. Yam extract and allantoin stimulated myoblast differentiation into myotubes and increased energy production through the upregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis regulators. These findings indicate that yam extract and allantoin can help to prevent skeletal muscle dysfunction through the stimulation of the energy metabolism.
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Wang P, Hao J, Zhang X, Wang C, Guan H, Li M. Synthesis of furostanol glycosides: discovery of a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:9362-9374. [PMID: 27714262 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01766e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A convenient approach to the synthesis of furostanol glycosides has been developed with the features of both highly efficient incorporation of a 26-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl unit and ready formation of hemiketal ring E. The total syntheses of seven furostanol saponins including funlioside B, lilioglycoside, protobioside I, protodioscin, pallidifloside I, coreajaponins A and parisaponin I are efficiently achieved using an easily available 16β-acetoxy-22-oxo-26-hydroxy-cholestanic derivative as a powerful building block. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the synthesized saponins is also evaluated, which reveals that funlioside B is a highly potential lead for developing α-glucosidase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China.
| | - Jiejie Hao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China.
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China.
| | - Cong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China.
| | - Huashi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China.
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China.
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Kang KB, Ryu J, Cho Y, Choi SZ, Son M, Sung SH. Combined Application of UHPLC-QTOF/MS, HPLC-ELSD and 1 H-NMR Spectroscopy for Quality Assessment of DA-9801, A Standardised Dioscorea Extract. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2017; 28:185-194. [PMID: 27910174 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION DA-9801, a standardised 50% aqueous ethanolic extract of a mixture of Dioscorea japonica and D. nipponica, is a botanical drug candidate for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy, which finished its US phase II clinical trials recently. An advanced quality control method is needed for further development of DA-9801, considering its high contents of both primary and secondary metabolites. OBJECTIVE Development of a quality assessment strategy for DA-9801, based on the combination of UHPLC-QTOF/MS, HPLC-ELSD, and 1 H-NMR spectroscopy. METHODS The method was developed and tested with 15 batch products of DA-9801. The steroidal saponins of DA-9801 were tentatively identified by UHPLC-QTOF/MS and were quantified with the validated HPLC-ELSD method. Primary metabolites of DA-9801 were identified and profiled using 1 H-NMR spectrometry. The batch-to-batch equivalence of DA-9801 was tested with the 1 H-NMR spectra using spectral binning, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis. RESULTS Six major saponins of DA-9801 were tentatively identified by UHPLC-QTOF/MS. Among them, protodioscin and dioscin were quantified by the validated HPLC-ELSD method. Twenty-six metabolites were identified in 1 H-NMR spectra. The similarity between DA-9801 batches could be evaluated with the NMR spectra of DA-9801. The 1 H-NMR method also revealed that two Dioscorea species contributed distinct amino acids to the contents of DA-9801. CONCLUSION This study validates the effectiveness of UHPLC-QTOF/MS, HPLC-ELSD, and 1 H NMR-combined method for quality control of DA-9801 and its crude materials. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyo Bin Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayoung Ryu
- Research Planning & Management Department, Dong-A ST Co., Ltd., Yongin, 17073, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngwoong Cho
- Research Planning & Management Department, Dong-A ST Co., Ltd., Yongin, 17073, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Zin Choi
- Research Planning & Management Department, Dong-A ST Co., Ltd., Yongin, 17073, Republic of Korea
| | - Miwon Son
- Research Planning & Management Department, Dong-A ST Co., Ltd., Yongin, 17073, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Sung
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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Jing SS, Wang Y, Li XJ, Li X, Zhao WS, Zhou B, Zhao CC, Huang LQ, Gao WY. Phytochemical and chemotaxonomic studies on Dioscorea collettii. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Choi HI, Lee HW, Eom TM, Lim SA, Ha HY, Seol IC, Kim YS, Oh DS, Yoo HR. A traditional Korean multiple herbal formulae (Yuk-Mi-Jihwang-Tang) attenuates acute restraint stress-induced brain tissue oxidation. Drug Chem Toxicol 2017; 40:125-133. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2016.1183209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung-Il Choi
- The Graduate School of Alternative Medicine, Kyonggi University, Seoul, Korea,
| | - Hye-Won Lee
- TKM-Based Herbal Drug Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea,
| | - Tae-Min Eom
- Internal Medicine of Physical Constitution and Immunology, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea,
| | - Sung-Ah Lim
- Department of Beauty and Health-Care, College of Public Health Care, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea, and
| | - Hun-Yong Ha
- Department of Natural Medicine Resources, Semyung University, Jecheon, Korea
| | - In-Chan Seol
- Internal Medicine of Physical Constitution and Immunology, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea,
| | - Yoon-Sik Kim
- Internal Medicine of Physical Constitution and Immunology, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea,
| | - Dal-Seok Oh
- TKM-Based Herbal Drug Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea,
| | - Ho-Ryong Yoo
- Internal Medicine of Physical Constitution and Immunology, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea,
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Cobianchi S, Arbat-Plana A, López-Álvarez VM, Navarro X. Neuroprotective Effects of Exercise Treatments After Injury: The Dual Role of Neurotrophic Factors. Curr Neuropharmacol 2017; 15:495-518. [PMID: 27026050 PMCID: PMC5543672 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666160330105132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shared connections between physical activity and neuroprotection have been studied for decades, but the mechanisms underlying this effect of specific exercise were only recently brought to light. Several evidences suggest that physical activity may be a reasonable and beneficial method to improve functional recovery in both peripheral and central nerve injuries and to delay functional decay in neurodegenerative diseases. In addition to improving cardiac and immune functions, physical activity may represent a multifunctional approach not only to improve cardiocirculatory and immune functions, but potentially modulating trophic factors signaling and, in turn, neuronal function and structure at times that may be critical for neurodegeneration and regeneration. METHODS Research content related to the effects of physical activity and specific exercise programs in normal and injured nervous system have been reviewed. RESULTS Sustained exercise, particularly if applied at moderate intensity and early after injury, exerts anti-inflammatory and pro-regenerative effects, and may boost cognitive and motor functions in aging and neurological disorders. However, newest studies show that exercise modalities can differently affect the production and function of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and other neurotrophins involved in the generation of neuropathic conditions. These findings suggest the possibility that new exercise strategies can be directed to nerve injuries with therapeutical benefits. CONCLUSION Considering the growing burden of illness worldwide, understanding of how modulation of neurotrophic factors contributes to exercise-induced neuroprotection and regeneration after peripheral nerve and spinal cord injuries is a relevant topic for research, and represents the beginning of a new non-pharmacological therapeutic approach for better rehabilitation of neural disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Cobianchi
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ariadna Arbat-Plana
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Víctor M. López-Álvarez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Xavier Navarro
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Bellaterra, Spain
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Eom HJ, Lee D, Lee S, Noh HJ, Hyun JW, Yi PH, Kang KS, Kim KH. Flavonoids and a Limonoid from the Fruits of Citrus unshiu and Their Biological Activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:7171-7178. [PMID: 27608132 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The fruits of Citrus unshiu are one of the most popular and most enjoyed fruits in Korea. As we continue to seek for bioactive metabolites from Korean natural resources, our study on the chemical constituents of the fruits of C. unshiu resulted in the isolation of a new flavonoid glycoside, limocitrunshin 1, along with seven other flavonoids 2-8 and a limonoid 9. All structures were identified by spectroscopic methods, namely 1D and 2D NMR, including HSQC, HMBC, and (1)H-(1)H COSY experiments, HRMS, and other chemical methods. Compounds 3, 5, and 9 are reported to be isolated from this fruit for the first time. The isolated compounds were applied to activity tests to verify their inhibitory effects on inflammation and nephrotoxicity. Compounds 6 and 9 showed the most potent inhibitory activity on renal cell damage and nitric oxide production, respectively. Thus, the fruits of C. unshiu could serve as a valuable natural source of bioactive components with health benefits for potential application in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jeong Eom
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahae Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University , Seongnam 461-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulah Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Jun Noh
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration , Eumseoung 369-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Wook Hyun
- Citrus Research Station, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration , Jeju 697-943, Republic of Korea
| | - Pyoung Ho Yi
- Citrus Research Station, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration , Jeju 697-943, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University , Seongnam 461-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
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Li X, Jing S, Man S, Li X, Zhao C, Wang Y, Gao W. A new acetylated spirostanol saponin and other constituents from the rhizomes of Dioscorea althaeoides R. Knuth (Dioscoreaceae). BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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19
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Wu BK, Yuan RY, Lien HW, Hung CC, Hwang PP, Chen RPY, Chang CC, Liao YF, Huang CJ. Multiple signaling factors and drugs alleviate neuronal death induced by expression of human and zebrafish tau proteins in vivo. J Biomed Sci 2016; 23:25. [PMID: 26852117 PMCID: PMC4744436 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-016-0237-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The axonal tau protein is a tubulin-binding protein, which plays important roles in the formation and stability of the microtubule. Mutations in the tau gene are associated with familial forms of frontotemporal dementia with Parkinsonism linked to chromosome-17 (FTDP-17). Paired helical filaments of tau and extracellular plaques containing beta-amyloid are found in the brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. RESULTS Transgenic models, including those of zebrafish, have been employed to elucidate the mechanisms by which tau protein causes neurodegeneration. In this study, a transient expression system was established to express GFP fusion proteins of zebrafish and human tau under the control of a neuron-specific HuC promoter. Approximately ten neuronal cells expressing tau-GFP in zebrafish embryos were directly imaged and traced by time-lapse recording, in order to evaluate the neurotoxicity induced by tau-GFP proteins. Expression of tau-GFP was observed to cause high levels of neuronal death. However, multiple signaling factors, such as Bcl2-L1, Nrf2, and GDNF, were found to effectively protect neuronal cells expressing tau-GFP from death. Treatment with chemical compounds that exert anti-oxidative or neurotrophic effects also resulted in a similar protective effect and maintained human tau-GFP protein in a phosphorylated state, as detected by antibodies pT212 and AT8. CONCLUSIONS The novel finding of this study is that we established an expression system expressing tau-GFP in zebrafish embryos were directly imaged and traced by time-lapse recording to evaluate the neurotoxicity induced by tau-GFP proteins. This system may serve as an efficient in vivo imaging platform for the discovery of novel drugs against tauopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Kai Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd., Sec. 2, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Rey-Yue Yuan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Wei Lien
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chun Hung
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd., Sec. 2, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Pung-Pung Hwang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Rita Pei-Yeh Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd., Sec. 2, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Che Chang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan. .,Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
| | - Yung-Feng Liao
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
| | - Chang-Jen Huang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd., Sec. 2, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
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Venkatesan R, Ji E, Kim SY. Phytochemicals that regulate neurodegenerative disease by targeting neurotrophins: a comprehensive review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:814068. [PMID: 26075266 PMCID: PMC4446472 DOI: 10.1155/2015/814068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterized by progressive dementia and deterioration of cognitive function, is an unsolved social and medical problem. Age, nutrition, and toxins are the most common causes of AD. However, currently no credible treatment is available for AD. Traditional herbs and phytochemicals may delay its onset and slow its progression and also allow recovery by targeting multiple pathological causes by antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiamyloidogenic properties. They also regulate mitochondrial stress, apoptotic factors, free radical scavenging system, and neurotrophic factors. Neurotrophins such as BDNF, NGF, NT3, and NT4/5 play a vital role in neuronal and nonneuronal responses to AD. Neurotrophins depletion accelerates the progression of AD and therefore, replacing such neurotrophins may be a potential treatment for neurodegenerative disease. Here, we review the phytochemicals that mediate the signaling pathways involved in neuroprotection specifically neurotrophin-mediated activation of Trk receptors and members of p75(NTR) superfamily. We focus on representative phenolic derivatives, iridoid glycosides, terpenoids, alkaloids, and steroidal saponins as regulators of neurotrophin-mediated neuroprotection. Although these phytochemicals have attracted attention owing to their in vitro neurotrophin potentiating activity, their in vivo and clinical efficacy trials has yet to be established. Therefore, further research is necessary to prove the neuroprotective effects in preclinical models and in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramu Venkatesan
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, No. 191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhee Ji
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, No. 191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Yeou Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, No. 191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea
- Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Medical Center, Inchon 405-760, Republic of Korea
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, No. 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea
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Moon E, Lee SO, Kang TH, Kim HJ, Choi SZ, Son MW, Kim SY. Dioscorea Extract (DA-9801) Modulates Markers of Peripheral Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetic db/db Mice. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2014; 22:445-52. [PMID: 25414776 PMCID: PMC4201231 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2014.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of DA-9801, an optimized extract of Dioscorea species, on diabetic peripheral neuropathy in a type 2 diabetic animal model. In this study, db/db mice were treated with DA-9801 (30 and 100 mg/kg, daily, p.o.) for 12 weeks. DA-9801 reduced the blood glucose levels and increased the withdrawal latencies in hot plate tests. Moreover, it prevented nerve damage based on increased nerve conduction velocity and ultrastructural changes. Decrease of nerve growth factor (NGF) may have a detrimental effect on diabetic neuropathy. We previously reported NGF regulatory properties of the Dioscorea genus. In this study, DA-9801 induced NGF production in rat primary astrocytes. In addition, it increased NGF levels in the sciatic nerve and the plasma of type 2 diabetic animals. DA-9801 also increased neurite outgrowth and mRNA expression of Tieg1/Klf10, an NGF target gene, in PC12 cells. These results demonstrated the attenuation of diabetic peripheral neuropathy by oral treatment with DA-9801 via NGF regulation. DA-9801 is currently being evaluated in a phase II clinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjung Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 406-799
| | - Sung Ok Lee
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University Global Campus, Yongin 446-701
| | - Tong Ho Kang
- College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University Global Campus, Yongin 446-701
| | | | | | | | - Sun Yeou Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 406-799 ; Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Medical Center, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea
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Lee KA, Jin HY, Baek HS, Park TS. The protective effects of DA-9801 (Dioscorea extract) on the peripheral nerves in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2014; 59:437-46. [PMID: 24418878 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.59.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that DA-9801, an extract mixture of Dioscorea japonica Thunb and Dioscorea nipponica Makino, produces a neurotrophic activity. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the neuroprotective effects of DA-9801 in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The experimental rats were divided into six groups: the control group, Group I (non-diabetic rats treated with DA-9801), Group II (diabetic, non-treated rats) and Groups III, IV, and V (diabetic rats treated with DA-9801 at doses of 10, 50 or 100 mg/kg/d). Following a 16-wk course of oral treatment with DA-9801, functional parameters (von Frey filament test, hot plate test), biochemical parameters (nerve growth factor (NGF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6) were measured. An immunohistochemical staining was done to assess the neuroprotective effects of DA-9081 in the skin, sciatic nerve, gastric mucosa and renal cortex. In Week 8, pain was evoked by either tactile or thermal stimuli, whose threshold was significantly higher in Group III, IV and V than Group II. Western blot analysis showed a more significant increase in NGF and decrease in TNF-α and IL-6 in Group III, IV and V than in Group II (p<0.05). Moreover, following the treatment with DA-9801, a loss of intraepidermal nerve fibers (IENFs) was inhibited to a significant level in the skin, myelinated axonal fibers of the sciatic nerve and small nerve fibers innervating the gastric mucosa or renal cortex (p<0.05). Our results demonstrated that DA-9801 is a beneficial agent that protects the peripheral nerves in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Ae Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital
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Lee M, Kim DH, Shin YJ, Choi SZ, Son M, Sung SH. Analysis ofDioscorea japonicaby Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography. ANAL LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2013.862628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kim CS, Kwon OW, Kim SY, Lee KR. Bioactive lignans from the trunk of Abies holophylla. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2013; 76:2131-2135. [PMID: 24224862 DOI: 10.1021/np4005322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Six new lignans (1-6) were isolated from the trunk of Abies holophylla MAXIM, together with 11 known lignans (7-17). The structures of 1-7 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, acid hydrolysis, and use of the modified Mosher's method. The effects of the isolates on nerve growth factor induction in a C6 rat glioma cell line were evaluated. Compounds 6, 7, and 13 showed significant induction of nerve growth factor secretion at concentrations of 10 μM. Compounds 1, 5, 6, and 16 showed moderate inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated BV-2 cells (IC50 28.5-36.4 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Sub Kim
- Natural Products Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
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Kim CS, Oh JY, Choi SU, Lee KR. Chemical constituents from the roots of Cynanchum paniculatum and their cytotoxic activity. Carbohydr Res 2013; 381:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Woo KW, Moon E, Kwon OW, Lee SO, Kim SY, Choi SZ, Son MW, Lee KR. Anti-neuroinflammatory diarylheptanoids from the rhizomes of Dioscorea nipponica. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:3806-9. [PMID: 23707257 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In a continuing search for bioactive constituents from Dioscoreaceae medicinal plants, two new cyclic diarylheptanoids, diosniponol A (1) and B (2), together with 10 known compounds (3-12) were isolated from the rhizomes of Dioscorea nipponica. The structures of these new compounds were determined by spectroscopic analyses, including extensive two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and optical rotation. All isolated compounds 1-12 were evaluated for their effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in murine microglia cell line BV-2. Compounds 8 and 11 showed potent inhibitory activities on NO production (IC50 13.36 and 14.36 μM, respectively) without cell toxicity in lipopolysaccharide-activated BV-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong Wan Woo
- Natural Products Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Chonchon-dong, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea
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27
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Evaluation of DA-9801, a new herbal drug for diabetic neuropathy, on metabolism-mediated interaction. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 36:1-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0014-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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28
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Chun HH, Yu DJ, Song KB. Effects of combined nonthermal treatment on microbial growth and the quality of minimally processed yam (Dioscorea japonicaThunb) during storage. Int J Food Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2012.03191.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ho H. Chun
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Chungnam National University; Daejeon; 305-764; Korea
| | - Dong J. Yu
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Chungnam National University; Daejeon; 305-764; Korea
| | - Kyung B. Song
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Chungnam National University; Daejeon; 305-764; Korea
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29
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Sharma U, Kumar N, Singh B. Furostanol Saponin and Diphenylpentendiol from the Roots of Asparagus racemosus. Nat Prod Commun 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1200700809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new furostanol steroidal saponin, shatavaroside C (1), and a new diphenylpentendiol, shatavarol (2), together with five known compounds, shatavarin IV (3), racemoside A (4), β-sitosterol (5) stigmasterol (6) and ursolic acid (7), have been isolated from the roots of Asparagus racemosus. This is the first report on the isolation of racemoside A (4) from roots of the plant. Structures of isolated compounds were determined on the basis of detailed analysis of their 1D, 2D NMR and mass spectral data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upendra Sharma
- Natural Plant Products Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, H.P. 176 061 India
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- Natural Plant Products Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, H.P. 176 061 India
| | - Bikram Singh
- Natural Plant Products Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, H.P. 176 061 India
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Challinor VL, Piacente S, De Voss JJ. NMR assignment of the absolute configuration of C-25 in furostanol steroidal saponins. Steroids 2012; 77:602-8. [PMID: 22361298 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The chemical shifts of the geminal proton resonances of H(2)-26 (δa and δb) are a widely used predictor of C-25 stereochemistry in furostanol steroidal saponins, being in general more resolved in 25S than 25R compounds. Unexpectedly, we found that application of this empirical rule in different solvents led to conflicting assignments of stereochemistry. An experimental survey revealed that, while the chemical shifts of H(2)-26 exhibit a dependence on C-25 configuration, it is less pronounced in methanol-d4 than pyridine-d5 solvent, and thus the general rule derived for pyridine-d5 fails when NMR spectra are acquired in methanol-d4. We propose a modified empirical method for the direct assignment of C-25 stereochemistry in furostanol saponins in methanol-d4 (Δ(ab)=0.45-0.48 ppm for 25S; Δ(ab)=0.33-0.35 ppm for 25R), and provide several detailed examples. In addition, the absolute configuration of compound 8, a steroidal saponin isolated in previous work from Ruscus colchicus, is corrected from 25R to 25S stereochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Challinor
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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Kim KH, Kim HK, Choi SU, Moon E, Kim SY, Lee KR. Bioactive lignans from the rhizomes of Acorus gramineus. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:2187-2192. [PMID: 21936523 DOI: 10.1021/np200541m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
As a part of our ongoing search for bioactive constituents from natural Korean sources, the investigation of rhizomes of Acorus gramineus afforded five new lignans, named ligraminols A-E (1-5), together with seven known ones (6-12). The structures of 1-5 were determined by a combination of 1D and 2D NMR, HRMS, CD, and enzymatic hydrolysis. Compounds 1-12 were tested for their antiproliferative activities toward a panel of human-derived normal and cancer cell lines. Moreover, compounds 1-12 were evaluated for their inhibitory activities on nitric oxide production in an activated murine microglial cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Hyun Kim
- Natural Products Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
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Kim KH, Choi SU, Choi SZ, Son MW, Lee KR. Withanolides from the rhizomes of Dioscorea japonica and their cytotoxicity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:6980-4. [PMID: 21661726 DOI: 10.1021/jf2006535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Edible yams are tropical crops that serve as important staple foods in many parts of the world. The rhizome of Dioscorea japonica , well-known as "Japanese yam", is a food and medicinal source known as "San Yak" in Korea. Bioassay-guided fractionation and chemical investigation of the extract of this yam resulted in the identification of two new withanolides, named dioscorolide A (1) and dioscorolide B (2). The structures of these new compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques, high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), and chemical methods. The cytotoxic activities of the isolates (1 and 2) were evaluated by determining their inhibitory effects on four human tumor cell lines (A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, and HCT15) and a human normal cell line (HUVEC) using a sulforhodamine B (SRB) bioassay. Compounds 1 and 2 showed cytotoxicity against tumor cell lines (A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, and HCT15) with IC(50) values ranging from 6.3 to 26.9 μM and exhibited lower activity against the normal cell line (HUVEC) with IC(50) values ranging from 27.1 to 28.8 μM, suggesting selective toxicity among tumor and normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
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