1
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Molecular Basis for Non-Covalent, Non-Competitive FAAH Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415502. [PMID: 36555144 PMCID: PMC9779292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) plays a key role in the control of cannabinoid signaling and it represents a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of a wide range of diseases, including neuropathic pain and chronic inflammation. Starting from kinetics experiments carried out in our previous work for the most potent inhibitor 2-amino-3-chloropyridine amide (TPA14), we have investigated its non-competitive mechanism of action using molecular dynamics, thermodynamic integration and QM-MM/GBSA calculations. The computational studies highlighted the impact of mutations on the receptor binding pockets and elucidated the molecular basis of the non-competitive inhibition mechanism of TPA14, which prevents the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) from reaching its pro-active conformation. Our study provides a rationale for the design of non-competitive potent FAAH inhibitors for the treatment of neuropathic pain and chronic inflammation.
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2
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Deplano A, Karlsson J, Moraca F, Svensson M, Cristiano C, Morgillo CM, Fowler CJ, Russo R, Catalanotti B, Onnis V. Design, synthesis and in vitro and in vivo biological evaluation of flurbiprofen amides as new fatty acid amide hydrolase/cyclooxygenase-2 dual inhibitory potential analgesic agents. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:940-953. [PMID: 33896320 PMCID: PMC8079065 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1875459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Compounds combining dual inhibitory action against FAAH and cyclooxygenase (COX) may be potentially useful analgesics. Here, we describe a novel flurbiprofen analogue, N-(3-bromopyridin-2-yl)-2-(2-fluoro-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4-yl)propanamide (Flu-AM4). The compound is a competitive, reversible inhibitor of FAAH with a Ki value of 13 nM and which inhibits COX activity in a substrate-selective manner. Molecular modelling suggested that Flu-AM4 optimally fits a hydrophobic pocket in the ACB region of FAAH, and binds to COX-2 similarly to flurbiprofen. In vivo studies indicated that at a dose of 10 mg/kg, Flu-AM4 was active in models of prolonged (formalin) and neuropathic (chronic constriction injury) pain and reduced the spinal expression of iNOS, COX-2, and NFκB in the neuropathic model. Thus, the present study identifies Flu-AM4 as a dual-action FAAH/substrate-selective COX inhibitor with anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity in animal pain models. These findings underscore the potential usefulness of such dual-action compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Deplano
- Unit of Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Sciences, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Jessica Karlsson
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Federica Moraca
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Net4Science srl, University "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mona Svensson
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Claudia Cristiano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine Marco Morgillo
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Roberto Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno Catalanotti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Onnis
- Unit of Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Sciences, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
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3
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Criscuolo E, De Sciscio ML, Fezza F, Maccarrone M. In Silico and In Vitro Analysis of Major Cannabis-Derived Compounds as Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Inhibitors. Molecules 2020; 26:molecules26010048. [PMID: 33374180 PMCID: PMC7795171 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulated evidence suggests that enhancing the endocannabinoid (eCB) tone, in particular of anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamine, AEA), has therapeutic potential in many human diseases. Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is a membrane-bound enzyme principally responsible for the degradation of AEA, and thus it represents a relevant target to increase signaling thereof. In recent years, different synthetic and natural compounds have been developed and tested on rat FAAH, but little is known of their effect on the human enzyme. Here, we sought to investigate six major cannabis-derived compounds to compare their action on rat and human FAAHs. To this aim, we combined an in silico analysis of their binding mode and affinity, with in vitro assays of their effect on enzyme activity. This integrated approach allowed to disclose differences in efficacy towards rat and human FAAHs, and to highlight the role of key residues involved in the inhibition of both enzymes. This study suggests that the therapeutic efficacy of compounds targeted towards FAAH should be always tested in vitro on both rat and human enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Criscuolo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00121 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maria Laura De Sciscio
- Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Filomena Fezza
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00121 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: (F.F.); (M.M.)
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio snc, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- European Center for Brain Research/IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 54, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.F.); (M.M.)
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4
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Deplano A, Karlsson J, Svensson M, Moraca F, Catalanotti B, Fowler CJ, Onnis V. Exploring the fatty acid amide hydrolase and cyclooxygenase inhibitory properties of novel amide derivatives of ibuprofen. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:815-823. [PMID: 32200655 PMCID: PMC7144264 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1743283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) reduces the gastrointestinal damage produced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents such as sulindac and indomethacin in experimental animals, suggesting that a dual-action FAAH-cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor could have useful therapeutic properties. Here, we have investigated 12 novel amide analogues of ibuprofen as potential dual-action FAAH/COX inhibitors. N-(3-Bromopyridin-2-yl)−2-(4-isobutylphenyl)propanamide (Ibu-AM68) was found to inhibit the hydrolysis of [3H]anandamide by rat brain homogenates by a reversible, mixed-type mechanism of inhibition with a Ki value of 0.26 µM and an α value of 4.9. At a concentration of 10 µM, the compound did not inhibit the cyclooxygenation of arachidonic acid by either ovine COX-1 or human recombinant COX-2. However, this concentration of Ibu-AM68 greatly reduced the ability of the COX-2 to catalyse the cyclooxygenation of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol. It is concluded that Ibu-AM68 is a dual-acting FAAH/substrate-selective COX inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Deplano
- Unit of Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Sciences, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Jessica Karlsson
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mona Svensson
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Federica Moraca
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Bruno Catalanotti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Onnis
- Unit of Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Sciences, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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5
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Keith JM, Jones W, Pierce JM, Seierstad M, Palmer JA, Webb M, Karbarz M, Scott BP, Wilson SJ, Luo L, Wennerholm M, Chang L, Rizzolio M, Rynberg R, Chaplan S, Guy Breitenbucher J. Heteroarylureas with fused bicyclic diamine cores as inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127463. [PMID: 32784090 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of mechanism-based heteroaryl urea fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitors with fused bicyclic diamine cores is described. In contrast to compounds built around a piperazine core, most of the fused bicyclic diamine bearing analogs prepared exhibited greater potency against rFAAH than the human enzyme. Several compounds equipotent against both species were identified and profiled in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Keith
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - William Jones
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Joan M Pierce
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Mark Seierstad
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - James A Palmer
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Michael Webb
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Mark Karbarz
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Brian P Scott
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Sandy J Wilson
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Lin Luo
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Michelle Wennerholm
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Leon Chang
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Michele Rizzolio
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Raymond Rynberg
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Sandra Chaplan
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - J Guy Breitenbucher
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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6
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Wilt SR, Rodriguez M, Le TNH, Baltodano EV, Salas A, Pecic S. Design, microwave-assisted synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling studies of 4-phenylthiazoles as potent fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitors. Chem Biol Drug Des 2020; 95:534-547. [PMID: 32061147 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids, anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), are endogenous lipids that activate cannabinoid receptors. Activation of these receptors produces anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is a membrane enzyme that hydrolases endocannabinoids; thus, inhibition of FAAH represents an attractive approach to develop new therapeutics for treating inflammation and pain. Previously, potent rat FAAH inhibitors containing 2-naphthyl- and 4-phenylthiazole scaffolds were identified, but up to the present time, very little structure-activity relationship studies have been performed on these moieties. We designed and synthesized several analogs containing these structural motifs and evaluated their inhibition potencies against human FAAH enzyme. In addition, we built and validated a homology model of human FAAH enzyme and performed docking experiments. We identified several inhibitors in the low nanomolar range and calculated their ADME predicted values. These FAAH inhibitors represent promising drug candidates for future preclinical in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie R Wilt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University-Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - Mark Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University-Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - Thanh N H Le
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University-Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - Emily V Baltodano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University-Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - Adrian Salas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University-Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - Stevan Pecic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University-Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA
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7
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Lamani M, Malamas MS, Farah SI, Shukla VG, Almeida MF, Weerts CM, Anderson J, Wood JT, Farizatto KLG, Bahr BA, Makriyannis A. Piperidine and piperazine inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase targeting excitotoxic pathology. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:115096. [PMID: 31629610 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
FAAH inhibitors offer safety advantages by augmenting the anandamide levels "on demand" to promote neuroprotective mechanisms without the adverse psychotropic effects usually seen with direct and chronic activation of the CB1 receptor. FAAH is an enzyme implicated in the hydrolysis of the endocannabinoid N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA), which is a partial agonist of the CB1 receptor. Herein, we report the discovery of a new series of highly potent and selective carbamate FAAH inhibitors and their evaluation for neuroprotection. The new inhibitors showed potent nanomolar inhibitory activity against human recombinant and purified rat FAAH, were selective (>1000-fold) against serine hydrolases MGL and ABHD6 and lacked any affinity for the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2. Evaluation of FAAH inhibitors 9 and 31 using the in vitro competitive activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) assay confirmed that both inhibitors were highly selective for FAAH in the brain, since none of the other FP-reactive serine hydrolases in this tissue were inhibited by these agents. Our design strategy followed a traditional SAR approach and was supported by molecular modeling studies based on known FAAH cocrystal structures. To rationally design new molecules that are irreversibly bound to FAAH, we have constructed "precovalent" FAAH-ligand complexes to identify good binding geometries of the ligands within the binding pocket of FAAH and then calculated covalent docking poses to select compounds for synthesis. FAAH inhibitors 9 and 31 were evaluated for neuroprotection in rat hippocampal slice cultures. In the brain tissue, both inhibitors displayed protection against synaptic deterioration produced by kainic acid-induced excitotoxicity. Thus, the resultant compounds produced through rational design are providing early leads for developing therapeutics against seizure-related damage associated with a variety of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjunath Lamani
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02155, USA
| | - Michael S Malamas
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02155, USA.
| | - Shrouq I Farah
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02155, USA
| | - Vidyanand G Shukla
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02155, USA
| | - Michael F Almeida
- Biotechnology Research and Training Center, University of North Carolina-Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA
| | - Catherine M Weerts
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02155, USA
| | - Joseph Anderson
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02155, USA
| | - JodiAnne T Wood
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02155, USA
| | - Karen L G Farizatto
- Biotechnology Research and Training Center, University of North Carolina-Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA
| | - Ben A Bahr
- Biotechnology Research and Training Center, University of North Carolina-Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02155, USA
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8
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Lorca M, Valdes Y, Chung H, Romero-Parra J, Pessoa-Mahana CD, Mella J. Three-Dimensional Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (3D-QSAR) on a Series of Piperazine-Carboxamides Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) Inhibitors as a Useful Tool for the Design of New Cannabinoid Ligands. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102510. [PMID: 31117309 PMCID: PMC6566251 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) is one of the main enzymes responsible for endocannabinoid metabolism. Inhibition of FAAH increases endogenous levels of fatty acid ethanolamides such as anandamide (AEA) and thus consitutes an indirect strategy that can be used to modulate endocannabinoid tone. In the present work, we present a three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationships/comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (3D-QSAR/CoMSIA) study on a series of 90 reported irreversible inhibitors of FAAH sharing a piperazine-carboxamide scaffold. The model obtained was extensively validated (q2 = 0.734; r2 = 0.966; r2m = 0.723). Finally, based on the information derived from the contour maps we designed a series of 10 new compounds with high predicted FAAH inhibition (predicted pIC50 of the best-proposed compounds = 12.196; 12.416).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Lorca
- Escuela de Quimica y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Quillota 980, Viña del Mar 2531015, Chile.
| | - Yudisladys Valdes
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
| | - Hery Chung
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
| | - Javier Romero-Parra
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica del Norte, Avenida Angamos 0610, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile.
| | - C David Pessoa-Mahana
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
| | - Jaime Mella
- Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile.
- Centro de Investigación Farmacopea Chilena (CIFAR), Universidad de Valparaíso, Santa Marta 183, Valparaíso 2360134, Chile.
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9
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Deplano A, Cipriano M, Moraca F, Novellino E, Catalanotti B, Fowler CJ, Onnis V. Benzylamides and piperazinoarylamides of ibuprofen as fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:562-576. [PMID: 30688118 PMCID: PMC6352954 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1532418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) is a serine hydrolase that plays a key role in controlling endogenous levels of endocannabinoids. FAAH inhibition is considered a powerful approach to enhance the endocannabinoid signalling, and therefore it has been largely studied as a potential target for the treatment of neurological disorders such as anxiety or depression, or of inflammatory processes. We present two novel series of amide derivatives of ibuprofen designed as analogues of our reference FAAH inhibitor Ibu-AM5 to further explore its structure-activity relationships. In the new amides, the 2-methylpyridine moiety of Ibu-AM5 was substituted by benzylamino and piperazinoaryl moieties. The obtained benzylamides and piperazinoarylamides showed FAAH inhibition ranging from the low to high micromolar potency. The binding of the new amides in the active site of FAAH, estimated using the induced fit protocol, indicated arylpiperazinoamides binding the ACB channel and the cytosolic port, and benzylamides binding the ACB channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Deplano
- a Department of Life and Environmental Sciences - Unit of Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Sciences , University of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
| | - Mariateresa Cipriano
- b Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden
| | - Federica Moraca
- c Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Napoli Federico II , Napoli , Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- d Department of Pharmacy , University of Napoli Federico II , Napoli , Italy
| | - Bruno Catalanotti
- d Department of Pharmacy , University of Napoli Federico II , Napoli , Italy
| | - Christopher J Fowler
- b Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden
| | - Valentina Onnis
- a Department of Life and Environmental Sciences - Unit of Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Sciences , University of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
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10
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Sabatucci A, Simonetti M, Tortolani D, Angelucci CB, Dainese E, Maccarrone M. Role of Steroids on the Membrane Binding Ability of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2019; 4:42-50. [PMID: 30944869 PMCID: PMC6446164 DOI: 10.1089/can.2018.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is a membrane-bound homodimeric enzyme that gets in contact with a lipophilic substrate in the lipid bilayer, and then cleaves it into water soluble products. FAAH plays a critical role in modulating in vivo content and biological activity of endocannabinoids (eCBs), and its function is affected by membrane lipids. Increasing evidence suggests that also steroids can modulate endocannabinoid signaling, both in the central nervous system and at the periphery. Methods: In this study, we interrogated the effect of six steroids with relevant biological activity (testosterone, hydrocortisone, estradiol, pregnenolone, progesterone, and cortisone) on the membrane binding ability of rat FAAH. The experimental data analysis obtained by Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Spectroscopy was paralleled by computational docking analysis. Results: Our data revealed distinct effects of the different steroids on the interaction of rat FAAH with model membranes. Among them, pregnenolone was found to be the most effective in raising rat FAAH affinity for model membranes. A possible binding pocket for steroid molecules was identified by docking analysis in the membrane-embedded region of the enzyme; such a pocket could account for the observed increase of the membrane affinity in the presence of the tested molecules. Conclusions: Overall, the results point to steroids as new regulators of FAAH interaction with membranes, which may impact the biological activity of eCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalaura Sabatucci
- Faculty of Bioscience, and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Monica Simonetti
- Faculty of Bioscience, and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Daniel Tortolani
- Faculty of Bioscience, and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Dainese
- Faculty of Bioscience, and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy.,European Center for Brain Research (CERC)/Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- European Center for Brain Research (CERC)/Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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11
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Bhuniya D, Kharul RK, Hajare A, Shaikh N, Bhosale S, Balwe S, Begum F, De S, Athavankar S, Joshi D, Madgula V, Joshi K, Raje AA, Meru AV, Magdum A, Mookhtiar KA, Barbhaiya R. Discovery and evaluation of novel FAAH inhibitors in neuropathic pain model. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:238-243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Lee KN, Spiegowski DN, Lee JW, Lim S, Zhao F, Ngai MY. Transition-metal-free C-H amidation and chlorination: synthesis of N/N'-mono-substituted imidazopyridin-2-ones from N-pyridyl-N-hydroxylamine intermediates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:6935-6938. [PMID: 29850673 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02425a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-symmetric 1,3-substituted imidazopyridin-2-ones are a common structural scaffold found among many biologically active molecules. Herein we report an efficient, mild, and transition-metal free C-H amidation strategy to access such a pyrido-fused cyclic urea framework in good yields and with a broad functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna N Lee
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-3400, USA.
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13
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Dato FM, Maaßen A, Goldfuß B, Pietsch M. Characterization of fatty acid amide hydrolase activity by a fluorescence-based assay. Anal Biochem 2018; 546:50-57. [PMID: 29408178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is involved in many human diseases, particularly cancer, pain and inflammation as well as neurological, metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Therefore, FAAH is an attractive target for the development of low-molecular-weight inhibitors as therapeutics, which requires robust assays that can be used for high-throughput screening (HTS) of compound libraries. Here, we report the development of a fluorometric assay based on FAAH's ability to effectively hydrolyze medium-chain fatty acid amides, introducing N-decanoyl-substituted 5-amino-2-methoxypyridine (D-MAP) as new amide substrate. D-MAP is cleaved by FAAH with an 8-fold larger specificity constant than the previously reported octanoyl-analog Oc-MAP (Vmax/Km of 1.09 and 0.134 mL min-1 mg-1, respectively), with both MAP derivatives possessing superior substrate properties and much increased aqueous solubility compared to the respective p-nitroaniline compounds D-pNA and Oc-pNA. The new assay with D-MAP as substrate is highly sensitive using a lower enzyme concentration (1 μg mL-1) than literature-reported fluorimetric FAAH assays. In addition, D-MAP was validated in comparison to the substrate Oc-MAP for the characterization of FAAH inhibitors by means of the reference compounds URB597 and TC-F2 and was shown to be highly suitable for HTS in both kinetic and endpoint assays (Z' factors of 0.81 and 0.78, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian M Dato
- Institute II of Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Gleueler Str. 24, D-50931 Cologne, Germany; Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 4, D-50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Maaßen
- Institute II of Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Gleueler Str. 24, D-50931 Cologne, Germany; Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 4, D-50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernd Goldfuß
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 4, D-50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Pietsch
- Institute II of Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Gleueler Str. 24, D-50931 Cologne, Germany.
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14
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Deplano A, Morgillo CM, Demurtas M, Björklund E, Cipriano M, Svensson M, Hashemian S, Smaldone G, Pedone E, Luque FJ, Cabiddu MG, Novellino E, Fowler CJ, Catalanotti B, Onnis V. Novel propanamides as fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 136:523-542. [PMID: 28535469 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) has a key role in the control of the cannabinoid signaling, through the hydrolysis of the endocannabinoids anandamide and in some tissues 2-arachidonoylglycerol. FAAH inhibition represents a promising strategy to activate the cannabinoid system, since it does not result in the psychotropic and peripheral side effects characterizing the agonists of the cannabinoid receptors. Here we present the discovery of a novel class of profen derivatives, the N-(heteroaryl)-2-(4-((2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4-yl)amino)phenyl)propanamides, as FAAH inhibitors. Enzymatic assays showed potencies toward FAAH ranging from nanomolar to micromolar range, and the most compounds lack activity toward the two isoforms of cyclooxygenase. Extensive structure-activity studies and the definition of the binding mode for the lead compound of the series are also presented. Kinetic assays in rat and mouse FAAH on selected compounds of the series demonstrated that slight modifications of the chemical structure could influence the binding mode and give rise to competitive (TPA1) or non-competitive (TPA14) inhibition modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Deplano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Unit of Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Cagliari, via Ospedale 72, Cagliari I-09124, Italy
| | | | - Monica Demurtas
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Unit of Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Cagliari, via Ospedale 72, Cagliari I-09124, Italy
| | - Emmelie Björklund
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mariateresa Cipriano
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mona Svensson
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sanaz Hashemian
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Emilia Pedone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - F Javier Luque
- Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l'Alimentació i Gastronomia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Maria G Cabiddu
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Christopher J Fowler
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bruno Catalanotti
- Department of Pharmacy, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Valentina Onnis
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Unit of Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Cagliari, via Ospedale 72, Cagliari I-09124, Italy
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15
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Tuo W, Leleu-Chavain N, Spencer J, Sansook S, Millet R, Chavatte P. Therapeutic Potential of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase, Monoacylglycerol Lipase, and N-Acylethanolamine Acid Amidase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2016; 60:4-46. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tuo
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U995,
LIRIC, Lille Inflammation Research International Center, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Natascha Leleu-Chavain
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U995,
LIRIC, Lille Inflammation Research International Center, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - John Spencer
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K
| | - Supojjanee Sansook
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K
| | - Régis Millet
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U995,
LIRIC, Lille Inflammation Research International Center, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Philippe Chavatte
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U995,
LIRIC, Lille Inflammation Research International Center, F-59000 Lille, France
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16
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Tuo W, Leleu-Chavain N, Barczyk A, Renault N, Lemaire L, Chavatte P, Millet R. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of potent FAAH inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2701-5. [PMID: 27117424 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A new series of 3-carboxamido-5-aryl-isoxazoles was designed, synthesized and evaluated for their biological activity. Different pharmacomodulations have been explored and the lipophilicity of these compounds was assessed. Investigation of the in vitro biological activity led to the identification of 5 compounds as potent FAAH inhibitors, their good FAAH inhibition capacity is probably correlated with their suitable lipophilicity. Specifically, compound 25 showed similar inhibition potency against FAAH in comparison with URB597, one of the most potent FAAH inhibitor known to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tuo
- ICPAL, Univ. Lille, Inserm, U995-LIRIC-Lille Inflammation Research International Center, 3 rue du Professeur Laguesse BP83, F-59006 Lille, France
| | - Natascha Leleu-Chavain
- ICPAL, Univ. Lille, Inserm, U995-LIRIC-Lille Inflammation Research International Center, 3 rue du Professeur Laguesse BP83, F-59006 Lille, France
| | - Amélie Barczyk
- ICPAL, Univ. Lille, Inserm, U995-LIRIC-Lille Inflammation Research International Center, 3 rue du Professeur Laguesse BP83, F-59006 Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Renault
- ICPAL, Univ. Lille, Inserm, U995-LIRIC-Lille Inflammation Research International Center, 3 rue du Professeur Laguesse BP83, F-59006 Lille, France
| | - Lucas Lemaire
- ICPAL, Univ. Lille, Inserm, U995-LIRIC-Lille Inflammation Research International Center, 3 rue du Professeur Laguesse BP83, F-59006 Lille, France
| | - Philippe Chavatte
- ICPAL, Univ. Lille, Inserm, U995-LIRIC-Lille Inflammation Research International Center, 3 rue du Professeur Laguesse BP83, F-59006 Lille, France
| | - Régis Millet
- ICPAL, Univ. Lille, Inserm, U995-LIRIC-Lille Inflammation Research International Center, 3 rue du Professeur Laguesse BP83, F-59006 Lille, France.
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17
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Keith JM, Jones WM, Tichenor M, Liu J, Seierstad M, Palmer JA, Webb M, Karbarz M, Scott BP, Wilson S, Luo L, Wennerholm ML, Chang L, Rizzolio M, Rynberg R, Chaplan SR, Breitenbucher JG. Preclinical Characterization of the FAAH Inhibitor JNJ-42165279. ACS Med Chem Lett 2015; 6:1204-8. [PMID: 26713105 PMCID: PMC4677372 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The pre-clinical characterization of the aryl piperazinyl urea inhibitor of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) JNJ-42165279 is described. JNJ-42165279 covalently inactivates the FAAH enzyme, but is highly selective with regard to other enzymes, ion channels, transporters, and receptors. JNJ-42165279 exhibited excellent ADME and pharmacodynamic properties as evidenced by its ability to block FAAH in the brain and periphery of rats and thereby cause an elevation of the concentrations of anandamide (AEA), oleoyl ethanolamide (OEA), and palmitoyl ethanolamide (PEA). The compound was also efficacious in the spinal nerve ligation (SNL) model of neuropathic pain. The combination of good physical, ADME, and PD properties of JNJ-42165279 supported it entering the clinical portfolio.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Keith
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies
of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - William M. Jones
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies
of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Mark Tichenor
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies
of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jing Liu
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies
of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Mark Seierstad
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies
of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - James A. Palmer
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies
of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Michael Webb
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies
of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Mark Karbarz
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies
of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Brian P. Scott
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies
of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Sandy
J. Wilson
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies
of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Lin Luo
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies
of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Michelle L. Wennerholm
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies
of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Leon Chang
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies
of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Michele Rizzolio
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies
of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Raymond Rynberg
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies
of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Sandra R. Chaplan
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies
of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - J. Guy Breitenbucher
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies
of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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18
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Interaction of the N-(3-Methylpyridin-2-yl)amide Derivatives of Flurbiprofen and Ibuprofen with FAAH: Enantiomeric Selectivity and Binding Mode. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142711. [PMID: 26565710 PMCID: PMC4643906 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Combined fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition is a promising approach for pain-relief. The Flu-AM1 and Ibu-AM5 derivatives of flurbiprofen and ibuprofen retain similar COX-inhibitory properties and are more potent inhibitors of FAAH than the parent compounds. However, little is known as to the nature of their interaction with FAAH, or to the importance of their chirality. This has been explored here. Methodology/Principal Findings FAAH inhibitory activity was measured in rat brain homogenates and in lysates expressing either wild-type or FAAHT488A-mutated enzyme. Molecular modelling was undertaken using both docking and molecular dynamics. The (R)- and (S)-enantiomers of Flu-AM1 inhibited rat FAAH with similar potencies (IC50 values of 0.74 and 0.99 μM, respectively), whereas the (S)-enantiomer of Ibu-AM5 (IC50 0.59 μM) was more potent than the (R)-enantiomer (IC50 5.7 μM). Multiple inhibition experiments indicated that both (R)-Flu-AM1 and (S)-Ibu-AM5 inhibited FAAH in a manner mutually exclusive to carprofen. Computational studies indicated that the binding site for the Flu-AM1 and Ibu-AM5 enantiomers was located between the acyl chain binding channel and the membrane access channel, in a site overlapping the carprofen binding site, and showed a binding mode in line with that proposed for carprofen and other non-covalent ligands. The potency of (R)-Flu-AM1 was lower towards lysates expressing FAAH mutated at the proposed carprofen binding area than in lysates expressing wild-type FAAH. Conclusions/Significance The study provides kinetic and structural evidence that the enantiomers of Flu-AM1 and Ibu-AM5 bind in the substrate channel of FAAH. This information will be useful in aiding the design of novel dual-action FAAH: COX inhibitors.
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19
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Poli G, Giuntini N, Martinelli A, Tuccinardi T. Application of a FLAP-Consensus Docking Mixed Strategy for the Identification of New Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Inhibitors. J Chem Inf Model 2015; 55:667-75. [DOI: 10.1021/ci5006806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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20
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Patel JZ, Nevalainen TJ, Savinainen JR, Adams Y, Laitinen T, Runyon RS, Vaara M, Ahenkorah S, Kaczor AA, Navia-Paldanius D, Gynther M, Aaltonen N, Joharapurkar AA, Jain MR, Haka AS, Maxfield FR, Laitinen JT, Parkkari T. Optimization of 1,2,5-thiadiazole carbamates as potent and selective ABHD6 inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2014; 10:253-65. [PMID: 25504894 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
At present, inhibitors of α/β-hydrolase domain 6 (ABHD6) are viewed as a promising approach to treat inflammation and metabolic disorders. This article describes the development of 1,2,5-thiadiazole carbamates as ABHD6 inhibitors. Altogether, 34 compounds were synthesized, and their inhibitory activity was tested using lysates of HEK293 cells transiently expressing human ABHD6 (hABHD6). Among the compound series, 4-morpholino-1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-yl cyclooctyl(methyl)carbamate (JZP-430) potently and irreversibly inhibited hABHD6 (IC50 =44 nM) and showed ∼230-fold selectivity over fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and lysosomal acid lipase (LAL), the main off-targets of related compounds. Additionally, activity-based protein profiling indicated that JZP-430 displays good selectivity among the serine hydrolases of the mouse brain membrane proteome. JZP-430 has been identified as a highly selective, irreversible inhibitor of hABHD6, which may provide a novel approach in the treatment of obesity and type II diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayendra Z Patel
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio (Finland).
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21
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Korhonen J, Kuusisto A, van Bruchem J, Patel JZ, Laitinen T, Navia-Paldanius D, Laitinen JT, Savinainen JR, Parkkari T, Nevalainen TJ. Piperazine and piperidine carboxamides and carbamates as inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL). Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:6694-6705. [PMID: 25282655 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The key hydrolytic enzymes of the endocannabinoid system, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), are potential targets for various therapeutic applications. In this paper, we present more extensively the results of our previous work on piperazine and piperidine carboxamides and carbamates as FAAH and MAGL inhibitors. The best compounds of these series function as potent and selective MAGL/FAAH inhibitors or as dual FAAH/MAGL inhibitors at nanomolar concentrations. This study revealed that MAGL inhibitors should comprise leaving-groups with a conjugate acid pKa of 8-10, while diverse leaving groups are tolerated for FAAH inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jani Korhonen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-7021 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anne Kuusisto
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-7021 Kuopio, Finland
| | - John van Bruchem
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-7021 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jayendra Z Patel
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-7021 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tuomo Laitinen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-7021 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Dina Navia-Paldanius
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-7021 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jarmo T Laitinen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-7021 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juha R Savinainen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-7021 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Teija Parkkari
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-7021 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tapio J Nevalainen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-7021 Kuopio, Finland.
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22
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Chobanian HR, Guo Y, Liu P, Chioda MD, Fung S, Lanza TJ, Chang L, Bakshi RK, Dellureficio JP, Hong Q, McLaughlin M, Belyk KM, Krska SW, Makarewicz AK, Martel EJ, Leone JF, Frey L, Karanam B, Madeira M, Alvaro R, Shuman J, Salituro G, Terebetski JL, Jochnowitz N, Mistry S, McGowan E, Hajdu R, Rosenbach M, Abbadie C, Alexander JP, Shiao LL, Sullivan KM, Nargund RP, Wyvratt MJ, Lin LS, DeVita RJ. Discovery of MK-4409, a Novel Oxazole FAAH Inhibitor for the Treatment of Inflammatory and Neuropathic Pain. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:717-21. [PMID: 24944750 DOI: 10.1021/ml5001239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We report herein the identification of MK-4409, a potent and selective fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor. Starting from a high throughput screening (HTS) hit, medicinal chemistry efforts focused on optimizing of FAAH inhibition in vitro potency, improving the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile, and increasing in vivo efficacy in rodent inflammatory and neuropathic pain assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry R. Chobanian
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Yan Guo
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Ping Liu
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Marc D. Chioda
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Selena Fung
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Thomas J. Lanza
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Linda Chang
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Raman K. Bakshi
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - James P. Dellureficio
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Qingmei Hong
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Mark McLaughlin
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Kevin M. Belyk
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Shane W. Krska
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Amanda K. Makarewicz
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Elliot J. Martel
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Joseph F. Leone
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Lisa Frey
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Bindhu Karanam
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Maria Madeira
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Raul Alvaro
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Joyce Shuman
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Gino Salituro
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Jenna L. Terebetski
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Nina Jochnowitz
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Shruti Mistry
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Erin McGowan
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Richard Hajdu
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Mark Rosenbach
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Catherine Abbadie
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Jessica P. Alexander
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Lin-Lin Shiao
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Kathleen M. Sullivan
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Ravi P. Nargund
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Matthew J. Wyvratt
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Linus S. Lin
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Robert J. DeVita
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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Keith JM, Hawryluk N, Apodaca RL, Chambers A, Pierce JM, Seierstad M, Palmer JA, Webb M, Karbarz MJ, Scott BP, Wilson SJ, Luo L, Wennerholm ML, Chang L, Rizzolio M, Chaplan SR, Breitenbucher JG. 1-Aryl-2-((6-aryl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)ethanols as competitive inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:1280-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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24
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Keith JM, Jones WM, Pierce JM, Seierstad M, Palmer JA, Webb M, Karbarz MJ, Scott BP, Wilson SJ, Luo L, Wennerholm ML, Chang L, Brown SM, Rizzolio M, Rynberg R, Chaplan SR, Breitenbucher JG. Heteroarylureas with spirocyclic diamine cores as inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:737-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.12.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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25
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Otrubova K, Cravatt BF, Boger DL. Design, synthesis, and characterization of α-ketoheterocycles that additionally target the cytosolic port Cys269 of fatty acid amide hydrolase. J Med Chem 2014; 57:1079-89. [PMID: 24456116 PMCID: PMC3940414 DOI: 10.1021/jm401820q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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A series
of α-ketooxazoles incorporating electrophiles at
the C5 position of the pyridyl ring of 2 (OL-135) and
related compounds were prepared and examined as inhibitors of fatty
acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) that additionally target the cytosolic
port Cys269. From this series, a subset of the candidate inhibitors
exhibited time-dependent FAAH inhibition and noncompetitive irreversible
inactivation of the enzyme, consistent with the targeted Cys269 covalent
alkylation or addition, and maintained or enhanced the intrinsic selectivity
for FAAH versus other serine hydrolases. A preliminary in vivo assessment
demonstrates that these inhibitors raise endogenous brain levels of
anandamide and other FAAH substrates upon intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration
to mice, with peak levels achieved within 1.5–3 h, and that
the elevations of the signaling lipids were maintained >6 h, indicating
that the inhibitors effectively reach and remain active in the brain,
inhibiting FAAH for a sustained period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Otrubova
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Chemical Physiology, and §The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2-ones as fatty-acid amide hydrolase and monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitors: Synthesis, in vitro evaluation and insight into potency and selectivity determinants by molecular modelling. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 49:423-33. [PMID: 23557840 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of the key hydrolytic enzymes of the endocannabinoid system, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), has been proposed as potential mode of action for various therapeutic applications. Continuing our previous work, we take the first steps of structure-activity relationship exploration and show that 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-ones can serve as scaffold for both selective FAAH and MAGL inhibitors, and also function as a dual FAAH/MAGL inhibitor at sub-micromolar IC50 values. Moreover, 10-fold selectivity against MAGL over FAAH was achieved with compound 3d (FAAH and MAGL IC50; 2.0 and 0.22 μM). Lastly, enzyme and ligand features contributing to the potency and selectivity differences are analysed by molecular docking.
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28
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Bisogno T, Maccarrone M. Latest advances in the discovery of fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitors. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 8:509-22. [PMID: 23488865 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2013.780021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is the major catabolic enzyme of the endocannabinoid N-arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide) that, with different degrees of efficiency, also hydrolyzes other endogenous fatty acid ethanolamides. FAAH is increasingly being considered a relevant therapeutic target, especially in models of inflammatory pain. The opportunity to selectively increase the endocannabinoid tone only in those tissues where such an enhancement can be beneficial might result in a therapeutic benefit with more limited side effects, compared to the use of direct agonists of anandamide-binding receptors. Thus the research for selective FAAH inhibitors has become a hot topic in current drug discovery. AREAS COVERED This review highlights the advances in the development of different compounds belonging to different chemical families that have been proposed as FAAH inhibitors. Several classes of inhibitors have been reported so far, and they may be classified into two major classes: reversible and irreversible compounds. These inhibitors are reviewed herein with an emphasis on their potency and selectivity. EXPERT OPINION In recent years, tremendous efforts have been made to develop the FAAH inhibitors, and consequently many novel chemical templates have been discovered. It is still a major challenge to identify the first inhibitor of FAAH suitable for clinical exploitation that satisfies the requirements of potency, selectivity versus proteins related to anandamide activity as well as other potential off-targets, reversibility versus irreversibility, and efficacy toward rat versus human FAAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Bisogno
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry/Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
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29
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An unprecedented reversible mode of action of β-lactams for the inhibition of human fatty acid amide hydrolase (hFAAH). Eur J Med Chem 2013; 60:101-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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Heteroaryl urea inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase: Structure–mutagenicity relationships for arylamine metabolites. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:7357-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Lach F, Koza P. Practical way to imidazo[4,5-b] and [4,5-c]pyridine-2-ones via cascade ureidation/palladium-catalyzed cyclization. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2012; 14:491-5. [PMID: 22873837 DOI: 10.1021/co300078f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We developed an efficient one-pot tandem carbamoyl chloride amination and palladium-catalyzed intramolecular urea cyclization, which furnished high-throughput access to imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine-2-one and related imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine-2-one ring systems. Moderate to excellent yields were reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Lach
- AstraZeneca, Centre
de Recherches,
Z.I. la Pompelle, BP1050, 51689 Reims Cedex
| | - Patrice Koza
- AstraZeneca, Centre
de Recherches,
Z.I. la Pompelle, BP1050, 51689 Reims Cedex
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32
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Schittmayer M, Birner-Gruenberger R. Lipolytic proteomics. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2012; 31:570-582. [PMID: 22392637 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Activity-based proteomics (ABP) employs small molecular probes to specifically label sets of enzymes based on their shared catalytic mechanism. Given that the vast majority of lipases belong to the family of serine hydrolases and share a nucleophilic active-site serine as part of a catalytic triad, activity-based probes are ideal tools to study lipases and lipolysis. Moreover, the ability of ABP to highlight or isolate specific subproteomes results in a massive decrease of sample complexity. Thereby, in-depth analysis of enzymes of interest with mass spectrometry becomes feasible. In this review, we cover probe design, technological developments, and applications of ABP of lipases, as well as give an overview of relevant identified proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schittmayer
- Research Group Functional Proteomics, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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33
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Gowlugari S, DeFalco J, Nguyen MT, Kaub C, Chi C, Duncton MAJ, Emerling DE, Kelly MG, Kincaid J, Vincent F. Discovery of potent, non-carbonyl inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). MEDCHEMCOMM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2md20146a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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34
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Estiarte MA, Johnson RJ, Kaub CJ, Gowlugari S, O'Mahony DJR, Nguyen MT, Emerling DE, Kelly MG, Kincaid J, Vincent F, Duncton MAJ. 2-Amino-5-arylbenzoxazole derivatives as potent inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). MEDCHEMCOMM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2md00307d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Palkó R, Egyed O, Riedl Z, Rokob TA, Hajós G. Rearrangement of aryl- and benzylthiopyridinium imides with participation of a methyl substituent. J Org Chem 2011; 76:9362-9. [PMID: 22011201 DOI: 10.1021/jo201645t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
6-Methyl substituted 2-aryl- and 2-benzylthiopyridinium N-imides reacted with an excess of isocyanates to give N,N-disubstituted exocyclic1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2(3H)-ones. The products easily underwent spontaneous [1,5] hydrogen shift to provide the heteroaromatic imidazopyridinone isomers. The transformation implied the initial formation of [1,2,4]triazolo[2,3-a]pyridinium salt, followed by deprotonation and carbamoylation of the methylene moiety, and, finally, a rearrangement following a [1,3] sigmatropic pattern. Mechanistic considerations suggest and some experimental findings reveal the nonconcerted two-step mechanism of the ring transformation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Palkó
- Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1025 Budapest, Hungary
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36
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Feledziak M, Muccioli GG, Lambert DM, Marchand-Brynaert J. SAR and LC/MS Studies of β-Lactamic Inhibitors of Human Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (hFAAH): Evidence of a Nonhydrolytic Process. J Med Chem 2011; 54:6812-23. [DOI: 10.1021/jm200723m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Feledziak
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Médicinale, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Bâtiment Lavoisier, Place Louis Pasteur L4.01.02, B-1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
- Unité de Chimie Pharmaceutique et de Radiopharmacie, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier 73.40, B-1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Giulio G. Muccioli
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Laboratory, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier 72, B1.72.01, B-1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Didier M. Lambert
- Unité de Chimie Pharmaceutique et de Radiopharmacie, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier 73.40, B-1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Jacqueline Marchand-Brynaert
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Médicinale, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Bâtiment Lavoisier, Place Louis Pasteur L4.01.02, B-1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
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Otrubova K, Ezzili C, Boger DL. The discovery and development of inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:4674-85. [PMID: 21764305 PMCID: PMC3146581 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.06.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2011] [Revised: 06/18/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A summary of the discovery and advancement of inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Otrubova
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey, Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Vacondio F, Silva C, Lodola A, Carmi C, Rivara S, Duranti A, Tontini A, Sanchini S, Clapper JR, Piomelli D, Tarzia G, Mor M. Biphenyl-3-yl alkylcarbamates as fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitors: steric effects of N-alkyl chain on rat plasma and liver stability. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:4466-73. [PMID: 21820769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Secondary alkylcarbamic acid biphenyl-3-yl esters are a class of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitors, which include the reference compounds URB597 and URB694. Given the intrinsic reactivity of the carbamate group, the in vivo potency of these molecules in rats is strongly affected by their hydrolysis in plasma or hepatic metabolism. In the present study, in vitro chemical and metabolic stability assays (rat plasma and rat liver S(9) fraction) were used to investigate the structure-property relationships (SPRs) for a focused series of title compounds, where lipophilicity and steric hindrance of the carbamate N-substituent had been modulated. The resulting degradation rates indicate that a secondary or tertiary alkyl group at the carbamate nitrogen atom increases hydrolytic stability towards rat plasma esterases. The calculated solvent accessible surface area (SASA) of the carbamate fragment was employed to describe the differences observed in rate constants of hydrolysis in rat plasma (log k(plasma)), suggesting that stability in plasma increases if the substituent exerts a shielding effect on the carbamate carbonyl. Stability in rat liver S(9) fraction is increased when a tertiary carbon is bound to the carbamate nitrogen atom, while other steric effects showed complex relationships with degradation rates. The SPRs here described may be applied at the pharmacokinetic optimization of other classes of carbamate FAAH inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Vacondio
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, Viale GP Usberti 27/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
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Discovery and molecular basis of potent noncovalent inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:7379-84. [PMID: 21502526 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1016167108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), an amidase-signature family member, is an integral membrane enzyme that degrades lipid amides including the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide and the sleep-inducing molecule oleamide. Both genetic knock out and pharmacological administration of FAAH inhibitors in rodent models result in analgesic, anxiolytic, and antiinflammatory phenotypes. Targeting FAAH activity, therefore, presents a promising new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of pain and other neurological-related or inflammatory disorders. Nearly all FAAH inhibitors known to date attain their binding potency through a reversible or irreversible covalent modification of the nucleophile Ser241 in the unusual Ser-Ser-Lys catalytic triad. Here, we report the discovery and mechanism of action of a series of ketobenzimidazoles as unique and potent noncovalent FAAH inhibitors. Compound 2, a representative of these ketobenzimidazoles, was designed from a series of ureas that were identified from high-throughput screening. While urea compound 1 is characterized as an irreversible covalent inhibitor, the cocrystal structure of FAAH complexed with compound 2 reveals that these ketobenzimidazoles, though containing a carbonyl moiety, do not covalently modify Ser241. These inhibitors achieve potent inhibition of FAAH activity primarily from shape complementarity to the active site and through numerous hydrophobic interactions. These noncovalent compounds exhibit excellent selectivity and good pharmacokinetic properties. The discovery of this distinctive class of inhibitors opens a new avenue for modulating FAAH activity through nonmechanism-based inhibition.
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40
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Recent Advances Toward Pain Therapeutics. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386009-5.00025-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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