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Masui H, Takahashi T. Development of Efficient Synthetic Methods for sp<sup>3</sup> Atom-containing Benzo-aza/oxacycles and Peptide Mimetics based on Skeletal Diversity-oriented Synthesis. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2022. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.80.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Masui
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University
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2
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Janković SM, Đešević M. Advancements in neuroactive peptides in seizures. Expert Rev Neurother 2022; 22:129-143. [DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2022.2031983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Slobodan M. Janković
- - University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kragujevac, Serbia
- University Clinical Center, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Miralem Đešević
- - Private Policlinic Center Eurofarm Sarajevo, Cardiology Department, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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3
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Masui H, Naito K, Minoshima M, Kusayanagi A, Yosugi S, Shoji M, Takahashi T. Efficient synthesis of 5-(hydroxymethyl)piperazin-2-ones using automatically prepared chiral bromocarboxylic acid and Garner's aldehyde as versatile building blocks. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 40:127961. [PMID: 33741461 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An efficient method for the synthesis of substituted 5-(hydroxymethyl)piperazin-2-ones was established by using an automated synthesis process. Thirteen piperazinones were synthesized from chiral α-bromocarboxylic acids and Garner's aldehyde which were prepared by using our originally developed automated synthesizer, ChemKonzert®. The automated method of synthesizing chiral α-bromocarboxylic acids was efficient and safe because the rate of the dropwise addition of the reagent can be controlled using the automated synthesizer. This method is expected to contribute to the synthesis of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Masui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, 601 Matano-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama 245-0066, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kohei Naito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, 601 Matano-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama 245-0066, Japan
| | - Mai Minoshima
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, 601 Matano-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama 245-0066, Japan
| | - Akira Kusayanagi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, 601 Matano-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama 245-0066, Japan
| | - Sae Yosugi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, 601 Matano-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama 245-0066, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Shoji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, 601 Matano-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama 245-0066, Japan
| | - Takashi Takahashi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, 601 Matano-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama 245-0066, Japan; Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
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4
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Ni X, Heidenreich D, Christott T, Bennett J, Moustakim M, Brennan PE, Fedorov O, Knapp S, Chaikuad A. Structural Insights into Interaction Mechanisms of Alternative Piperazine-urea YEATS Domain Binders in MLLT1. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:1661-1666. [PMID: 31857843 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
YEATS-domain-containing MLLT1 is an acetyl/acyl-lysine reader domain, which is structurally distinct from well-studied bromodomains and has been strongly associated in development of cancer. Here, we characterized piperazine-urea derivatives as an acetyl/acyl-lysine mimetic moiety for MLLT1. Crystal structures revealed distinct interaction mechanisms of this chemotype compared to the recently described benzimidazole-amide based inhibitors, exploiting different binding pockets within the protein. Thus, the piperazine-urea scaffold offers an alternative strategy for targeting the YEATS domain family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Ni
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, BMLS, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - David Heidenreich
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, BMLS, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Thomas Christott
- Target Discovery Institute and Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K
| | - James Bennett
- Target Discovery Institute and Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K
| | - Moses Moustakim
- Target Discovery Institute and Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K
| | | | - Oleg Fedorov
- Target Discovery Institute and Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, BMLS, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Apirat Chaikuad
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, BMLS, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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5
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Ericson MD, Lensing CJ, Fleming KA, Schlasner KN, Doering SR, Haskell-Luevano C. Bench-top to clinical therapies: A review of melanocortin ligands from 1954 to 2016. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:2414-2435. [PMID: 28363699 PMCID: PMC5600687 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of the endogenous melanocortin agonists in the 1950s have resulted in sixty years of melanocortin ligand research. Early efforts involved truncations or select modifications of the naturally occurring agonists leading to the development of many potent and selective ligands. With the identification and cloning of the five known melanocortin receptors, many ligands were improved upon through bench-top in vitro assays. Optimization of select properties resulted in ligands adopted as clinical candidates. A summary of every melanocortin ligand is outside the scope of this review. Instead, this review will focus on the following topics: classic melanocortin ligands, selective ligands, small molecule (non-peptide) ligands, ligands with sex-specific effects, bivalent and multivalent ligands, and ligands advanced to clinical trials. Each topic area will be summarized with current references to update the melanocortin field on recent progress. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Melanocortin Receptors - edited by Ya-Xiong Tao.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Ericson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Cody J Lensing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Katlyn A Fleming
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Katherine N Schlasner
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Skye R Doering
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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6
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Singh A, Kast J, Dirain MLS, Huang H, Haskell-Luevano C. Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationships of Substituted Urea Derivatives on Mouse Melanocortin Receptors. ACS Chem Neurosci 2016; 7:196-205. [PMID: 26645732 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The melanocortin system is involved in the regulation of several complex physiological functions. In particular, the melanocortin-3 and -4 receptors (MC3R/MC4R) have been demonstrated to regulate body weight, energy homeostasis, and feeding behavior. Synthetic and endogenous melanocortin agonists have been shown to be anorexigenic in rodent models. Herein, we report synthesis and structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of 27 nonpeptide small molecule ligands based on an unsymmetrical substituted urea core. Three templates containing key residues from the lead compounds, showing diversity at three positions (R(1), R(2), R(3)), were designed and synthesized. The syntheses were optimized for efficient microwave-assisted chemistry that significantly reduced total syntheses time compared to a previously reported room temperature method. The pharmacological characterization of the compounds on the mouse melanocortin receptors identified compounds 1 and 12 with full agonist activity at the mMC4R, but no activity was observed at the mMC3R when tested up to 100 μM concentrations. The SAR identified compounds possessing aliphatic or saturated cyclic amines at the R(1) position, bulky aromatic groups at the R(2) position, and benzyl group at the R(3) position resulted in mMC4R selectivity over the mMC3R. The small molecule template and SAR knowledge from this series may be helpful in further design of MC3R/MC4R selective small molecule ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Singh
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department
of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Johannes Kast
- Department
of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Marvin L. S. Dirain
- Department
of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Huisuo Huang
- Department
of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Carrie Haskell-Luevano
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department
of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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7
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Piperazine scaffold: A remarkable tool in generation of diverse pharmacological agents. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 102:487-529. [PMID: 26310894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Piperazine is one of the most sought heterocyclics for the development of new drug candidates. This ring can be traced in a number of well established, commercially available drugs. Wide array of pharmacological activities exhibited by piperazine derivatives have made them indispensable anchors for the development of novel therapeutic agents. The review herein highlights the therapeutic significance of piperazine derivatives. Various therapeutically active piperazine derivatives developed by several chemists are reported here.
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Martin KA, Mani MV, Mani A. New targets to treat obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 763:64-74. [PMID: 26001373 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster ofassociated metabolic traits that collectively confer unsurpassed risk for development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes compared to any single CVD risk factor. Truncal obesity plays an exceptionally critical role among all metabolic traits of the MetS. Consequently, the prevalence of the MetS has steadily increased with the growing epidemic of obesity. Pharmacotherapy has been available for obesity for more than one decade, but with little success in improving the metabolic profiles. The serotonergic drugs and inhibitors of pancreatic lipases were among the few drugs that were initially approved to treat obesity. At the present time, only the pancreatic lipase inhibitor orlistat is approved for long-term treatment of obesity. New classes of anti-diabetic drugs, including glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists and Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors, are currently being evaluated for their effects on obesity and metabolic traits. The genetic studies of obesity and metabolic syndrome have identified novel molecules acting on the hunger and satiety peptidergic signaling of the gut-hypothalamus axis or the melanocortin system of the brain and are promising targets for future drug development. The goal is to develop drugs that not only treat obesity, but also favorably impact its associated traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Martin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, USA
| | | | - Arya Mani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, USA.
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Melanocortin-4 receptor modulators for the treatment of obesity: a patent analysis (2008–2014). Pharm Pat Anal 2015; 4:95-107. [DOI: 10.4155/ppa.15.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The central melanocortin system and particularly the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) subtype, plays an important role in the regulation of body weight. The discovery of orally active MC4R agonists suitable for evaluation in human clinical trials as weight loss agents has attracted considerable interest over the past decade, but has proved challenging, in part because of cardiovascular and behavioral side effects. Currently, the only MC4R agonist in clinical trials is a peptide identified as RM-493. To avoid some of the undesirable side effects associated with MC4R activation, new pharmacological approaches for modulating the MC system have been investigated. In this article, we provide a review of the MC4R patent landscape from 2008 to 2014 and analyze the physicochemical properties of compounds described herein.
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Abstract
G-protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) still offer enormous scope for new therapeutic targets. Currently marketed agents are dominated by those with activity at aminergic receptors and yet they account for only ~10% of the family. Progress up until now with other subfamilies, notably orphans, Family A/peptide, Family A/lipid, Family B, Family C, and Family F, has been, at best, patchy. This may be attributable to the heterogeneous nature of GPCRs, their endogenous ligands, and consequently their binding sites. Our appreciation of receptor similarity has arguably been too simplistic, and screening collections have not necessarily been well suited to identifying leads in new areas. Despite the relative shortage of high-quality tool molecules in a number of cases, there is an emerging, and increasingly substantial, body of evidence associating many as yet “undrugged” receptors with a very wide range of diseases. Significant advances in our understanding of receptor pharmacology and technical advances in screening, protein X-ray crystallography, and ligand design methods are paving the way for new successes in the area. Exploitation of allosteric mechanisms; alternative signaling pathways such as G12/13, Gβγ, and β-arrestin; the discovery of “biased” ligands; and the emergence of GPCR-protein complexes as potential drug targets offer scope for new and much improved drugs.
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11
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Iriepa I, Bellanato J. Synthesis, spectroscopic, structural and conformational study of some tri-substituted ureas derived from N-methylpiperazine containing phenyl and N-heterocyclic substituents. J Mol Struct 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Fani L, Bak S, Delhanty P, van Rossum EFC, van den Akker ELT. The melanocortin-4 receptor as target for obesity treatment: a systematic review of emerging pharmacological therapeutic options. Int J Obes (Lond) 2013; 38:163-9. [PMID: 23774329 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2013.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the greatest public health challenges of the 21st century. Obesity is currently responsible for ∼0.7-2.8% of a country's health costs worldwide. Treatment is often not effective because weight regulation is complex. Appetite and energy control are regulated in the brain. Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) has a central role in this regulation. MC4R defects lead to a severe clinical phenotype with lack of satiety and early-onset severe obesity. Preclinical research has been carried out to understand the mechanism of MC4R regulation and possible effectors. The objective of this study is to systematically review the literature for emerging pharmacological obesity treatment options. A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed and Embase for articles published until June 2012. The search resulted in 664 papers matching the search terms, of which 15 papers remained after elimination, based on the specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. In these 15 papers, different MC4R agonists were studied in vivo in animal and human studies. Almost all studies are in the preclinical phase. There are currently no effective clinical treatments for MC4R-deficient obese patients, although MC4R agonists are being developed and are entering phase I and II trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fani
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Bak
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Delhanty
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E F C van Rossum
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E L T van den Akker
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Brenna E, Gatti FG, Manfredi A, Monti D, Parmeggiani F. Biocatalyzed Enantioselective Reduction of Activated C=C Bonds: Synthesis of Enantiomerically Enriched α-Halo-β-arylpropionic Acids. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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