1
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Zhao Z, Nian M, Qiao H, Yang X, Wu S, Zheng X. Review of bioactivity and structure-activity relationship on baicalein (5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone) and scutellarin (5,7-dihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone) derivatives: Structural modifications inspired from flavonoids in Scutellaria baicalensis. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 243:114733. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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2
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Lu L, Dong J, Liu Y, Qian Y, Zhang G, Zhou W, Zhao A, Ji G, Xu H. New insights into natural products that target the gut microbiota: Effects on the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:964793. [PMID: 36046819 PMCID: PMC9420899 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.964793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant carcinomas. CRC is characterized by asymptomatic onset, and most patients are already in the middle and advanced stages of disease when they are diagnosed. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the inflammatory-cancer transformation of advanced colorectal adenoma are the main causes of CRC. There is an urgent need for effective prevention and intervention strategies for CRC. In recent years, rapid research progress has increased our understanding of gut microbiota. Meanwhile, with the deepening of research on the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer, gut microbiota has been confirmed to play a direct role in the occurrence and treatment of colorectal cancer. Strategies to regulate the gut microbiota have potential value for application in the prevention and treatment of CRC. Regulation of gut microbiota is one of the important ways for natural products to exert pharmacological effects, especially in the treatment of metabolic diseases and tumours. This review summarizes the role of gut microbiota in colorectal tumorigenesis and the mechanism by which natural products reduce tumorigenesis and improve therapeutic response. We point out that the regulation of gut microbiota by natural products may serve as a potential means of treatment and prevention of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahuan Dong
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujing Liu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufan Qian
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangtao Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Zhou
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Aiguang Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanchen Xu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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3
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Kim SY, Hassan AHE, Chung KS, Kim SY, Han HS, Lee HH, Jung SH, Lee KY, Shin JS, Jang E, Yoon S, Lee YS, Lee KT. Mosloflavone-Resveratrol Hybrid TMS-HDMF-5z Exhibits Potent In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Effects Through NF-κB, AP-1, and JAK/STAT Inactivation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:857789. [PMID: 35529447 PMCID: PMC9068937 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.857789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
TMS-HDMF-5z is a hybrid of the natural products mosloflavone and resveratrol. It was discovered to show potent inhibitory effects against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of inflammatory mediators in RAW 264.7 macrophages. However, its mechanism of action is unknown. Hence this study aimed to demonstrate and explore in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of TMS-HDMF-5z and its mechanism of action employing RAW 264.7 macrophages and carrageenan-induced hind paw edema. This work revealed that TMS-HDMF-5z suppressed the LPS-induced inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) at the protein, mRNA, and promoter binding levels and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, and interferon-β (IFN-β) at the mRNA expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages. The results showed that TMS-HDMF-5z reduced the transcription and DNA binding activities of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) through inhibiting nuclear translocation of p65 and phosphorylation of κB inhibitor α (IκBα), IκB kinase (IKK), and TGF-β activated kinase 1 (TAK1). Additionally, TMS-HDMF-5z attenuated the LPS-induced transcriptional and DNA binding activities of activator protein-1 (AP-1) by suppressing nuclear translocation of phosphorylated c-Fos, c-Jun, and activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2). TMS-HDMF-5z also reduced the LPS-induced phosphorylation of Janus kinase 1/2 (JAK1/2), signal transducers and activators of transcription 1/3 (STAT1/3), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2). In rats, TMS-HDMF-5z alleviated carrageenan-induced hind paw edema through the suppressing iNOS and COX-2 via NF-κB, AP-1, and STAT1/3 inactivation. Collectively, the TMS-HDMF-5z-mediated inhibition of NF-κB, AP-1, and STAT1/3 offer an opportunity for the development of a potential treatment for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Yeon Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ahmed H E Hassan
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Kyung-Sook Chung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su-Yeon Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee-Soo Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hwi-Ho Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seang-Hwan Jung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Young Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Sun Shin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eungyeong Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seolmin Yoon
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Sup Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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4
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Flavone-based arylamides as potential anticancers: Design, synthesis and in vitro cell-based/cell-free evaluations. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 187:111965. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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5
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Hassan AH, Yoo SY, Lee KW, Yoon YM, Ryu HW, Jeong Y, Shin JS, Kang SY, Kim SY, Lee HH, Park BY, Lee KT, Lee YS. Repurposing mosloflavone/5,6,7-trimethoxyflavone-resveratrol hybrids: Discovery of novel p38-α MAPK inhibitors as potent interceptors of macrophage-dependent production of proinflammatory mediators. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 180:253-267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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6
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Zhao YL, Zhang X, Liu WW, Yang YT, Gao ZK, Liu XL, Liu W, Hayashi T, Yamato M, Fujisaki H, Hattori S, Mizuno K, Atsuzawa Y, Tashiro SI, Onodera S, Ikejima T. Reactive oxygen species are responsible for the cell aggregation and production of pro-inflammatory mediators in phorbol ester (PMA)-treated U937 cells on gelatin-coated dishes through upregulation of autophagy. Connect Tissue Res 2019; 60:323-334. [PMID: 30277081 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2018.1530770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Our previous studies indicate that phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-treated U937 cells cultured on collagen I-coated dishes express lowered production of pro-inflammatory mediators in parallel through reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. By contrast, PMA-treated U937 cells on gelatin, the denatured collagen, show enhanced production of pro-inflammatory mediators, mediated by up-regulating autophagy levels. The present study is aimed to investigate the effect of ROS levels in PMA-treated U937 cells cultured on gelatin-coated surface. Material and methods: MTT assay, flow cytometric analysis of ROS and autophagy, biochemical detection of antioxidant levels, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and western blot were used. Results: Gelatin-coating increased ROS levels in PMA-treated U937 cells. Increased ROS levels are involved in the regulation of cell aggregation and the release of pro-inflammatory mediators in gelatin-coated culture. These results lead to the query about the crosstalk between the two positive regulators, the autophagy and ROS. Autophagy induction is attenuated by N-acetyl-L-cysteine treatment, but the treatment with autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine, does not affect ROS levels, suggesting ROS are upstream of autophagy in the regulation axis of differentiated U937 cells on gelatin-coated surface. Further study confirmed that upregulation of autophagy was responsible for ROS-induced cell aggregation and production of pro-inflammatory mediators. Conclusion: The results suggest that gelatin-coating promotes the aggregation of PMA-treated U937 cells and the production of pro-inflammatory mediators by ROS-autophagy signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Li Zhao
- a China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- a China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Wei-Wei Liu
- a China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Yu-Ting Yang
- a China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Zhuo-Kun Gao
- a China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Xiao-Ling Liu
- a China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Wei Liu
- a China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Toshihiko Hayashi
- a China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Masayuki Yamato
- b Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science , Tokyo Women's Medical University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hitomi Fujisaki
- c Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix , Toride, Ibaraki , Japan
| | - Shunji Hattori
- c Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix , Toride, Ibaraki , Japan
| | - Kazunori Mizuno
- c Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix , Toride, Ibaraki , Japan
| | - Yuji Atsuzawa
- c Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix , Toride, Ibaraki , Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Tashiro
- d Department of Medical Education and Primary Care , Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Satoshi Onodera
- e Department of Clinical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Showa Pharmaceutical University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Takashi Ikejima
- a China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
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7
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Williams IS, Chib S, Nuthakki VK, Gatchie L, Joshi P, Narkhede NA, Vishwakarma RA, Bharate SB, Saran S, Chaudhuri B. Biotransformation of Chrysin to Baicalein: Selective C6-Hydroxylation of 5,7-Dihydroxyflavone Using Whole Yeast Cells Stably Expressing Human CYP1A1 Enzyme. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:7440-7446. [PMID: 28782952 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds are of medicinal importance because of their unique antioxidant, anticancer, and chemopreventive properties. Baicalein, a naturally occurring polyhydroxy flavonoid possessing a diverse range of pharmacological activities, has been used in traditional medicines for treatment of various ailments. Apart from its isolation from natural sources, its synthesis has been reported via multistep chemical approaches. Here, we report a preparative-scale biotransformation, using whole yeast cells stably expressing human cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) enzyme that allows regioselective C6-hydroxylation of 5,7-dihydroxyflavone (chrysin) to form 5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone (baicalein). Molecular modeling reveals why chrysin undergoes such specific hydroxylation mediated by CYP1A1. More than 92% reaction completion was obtained using a shake-flask based process that mimics fed-batch fermentation. Such highly efficient selective hydroxylation, using recombinant yeast cells, has not been reported earlier. Similar CYP-expressing yeast cell based systems are likely to have wider applications in the syntheses of medicinally important polyphenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibidapo S Williams
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University , Leicester, LE1 9BH, United Kingdom
- CYP Design Limited, Innovation Centre , 49 Oxford Street, Leicester, LE1 5XY, United Kingdom
| | - Shifali Chib
- Fermentation Technology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Canal Road, Jammu-180001, India
| | - Vijay K Nuthakki
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Canal Road, Jammu-180001, India
| | - Linda Gatchie
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University , Leicester, LE1 9BH, United Kingdom
- CYP Design Limited, Innovation Centre , 49 Oxford Street, Leicester, LE1 5XY, United Kingdom
| | - Prashant Joshi
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Canal Road, Jammu-180001, India
| | - Niteen A Narkhede
- Instrumentation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Canal Road, Jammu-180001, India
| | - Ram A Vishwakarma
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Canal Road, Jammu-180001, India
| | - Sandip B Bharate
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Canal Road, Jammu-180001, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Canal Road, Jammu-180001, India
| | - Saurabh Saran
- Fermentation Technology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Canal Road, Jammu-180001, India
| | - Bhabatosh Chaudhuri
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University , Leicester, LE1 9BH, United Kingdom
- CYP Design Limited, Innovation Centre , 49 Oxford Street, Leicester, LE1 5XY, United Kingdom
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8
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An JY, Lee HH, Shin JS, Yoo HS, Park JS, Son SH, Kim SW, Yu J, Lee J, Lee KT, Kim NJ. Identification and structure activity relationship of novel flavone derivatives that inhibit the production of nitric oxide and PGE 2 in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:2613-2616. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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9
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Chen X, Zhang S, Xuan Z, Ge D, Chen X, Zhang J, Wang Q, Wu Y, Liu B. The Phenolic Fraction of Mentha haplocalyx and Its Constituent Linarin Ameliorate Inflammatory Response through Inactivation of NF-κB and MAPKs in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW264.7 Cells. Molecules 2017; 22:E811. [PMID: 28509854 PMCID: PMC6154462 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mentha haplocalyx has been widely used for its flavoring and medicinal properties and as a traditional Chinese medicine with its anti-inflammation properties. The present study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and potential molecular mechanisms of the phenolic fraction of M. haplocalyx (MHP) and its constituent linarin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. The high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap-orbitrap mass spectrometry (HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS) was used to analyze the chemical composition of MHP. Using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), the expression of pro-inflammatory meditators and cytokines was measured at the transcriptional and translational levels. Western blot analysis was used to further investigate changes in the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and Akt signaling pathways. Fourteen phenolic constituents were identified from MHP based on the data of the mass spectrometry (MS)/MS analysis. MHP and linarin decreased the production of NO, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interlenkin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6. The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were also suppressed by MHP and linarin. Further investigation showed that MHP and linarin down-regulated LPS-induced phosphorylation content of NF-κB p65, inhibitor kappa B α (IκBα), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. However, MHP and linarin showed no inhibitory effect on the phosphorylated Akt. These results suggested that MHP and linarin exerted a potent inhibitory effect on pro-inflammatory meditator and cytokines production via the inactivation of NF-κB and MAPKs, and they may serve as potential modulatory agents for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Shujing Zhang
- Department of Scientific Research Center, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Zinan Xuan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Dongyu Ge
- Department of Scientific Research Center, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
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10
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Wang X, Sun Y, Zhao Y, Ding Y, Zhang X, Kong L, Li Z, Guo Q, Zhao L. Oroxyloside prevents dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis in mice by inhibiting NF-κB pathway through PPARγ activation. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 106:70-81. [PMID: 26947454 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Oroxyloside, as a metabolite of oroxylin A, may harbor various beneficial bioactivities which have rarely been reported in the previous studies. Here we established the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis and evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of oroxyloside in vivo. As a result, oroxyloside attenuated DSS-induced body weight loss, colon length shortening and colonic pathological damage. Furthermore, oroxyloside inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration and decreased myeloperoxidase (MPO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activities as well. The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum and colon was also significantly reduced by oroxyloside. We unraveled the underlying mechanisms that oroxyloside inhibited NF-κB pathway by activating Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ (PPARγ) to attenuate DSS-induced colitis. Moreover, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanisms of oroxyloside in the mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 and bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDM). Oroxyloside decreased several LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in RAW264.7 and BMDM. We also found that oroxyloside inhibited LPS-induced activation of NF-κB signaling pathway via activating PPARγ in RAW 264.7 and BMDM. Docking study showed that oroxyloside could bind with PPARγ. GW9662, the inhibitor of PPARγ, and PPARγ siRNA transfection blocked the effect of oroxyloside on PPARγ activation. Our study suggested that oroxyloside prevented DSS-induced colitis by inhibiting NF-κB pathway through PPARγ activation. Therefore, oroxyloside may be a promising and effective agent for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Youxiang Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyu Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinglong Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Singh M, Silakari O. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 2-phenyl-1-benzopyran-4-one derivatives as potential poly-functional anti-Alzheimer's agents. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17678j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of Multi-Target Directed Ligands (MTDLs) has emerged as a promising approach for targeting the complex etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjinder Singh
- Molecular Modeling Lab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research
- Punjabi University
- Patiala
- India
| | - Om Silakari
- Molecular Modeling Lab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research
- Punjabi University
- Patiala
- India
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12
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Ribeiro D, Freitas M, Lima JLFC, Fernandes E. Proinflammatory Pathways: The Modulation by Flavonoids. Med Res Rev 2015; 35:877-936. [PMID: 25926332 DOI: 10.1002/med.21347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a natural, carefully orchestrated response of the organism to tissue damage, involving various signaling systems and the recruitment of inflammatory cells. These cells are stimulated to release a myriad of mediators that amplify the inflammatory response and recruit additional cells. These mediators present numerous redundancies of functions, allowing a broad and effective inflammatory response, but simultaneously make the understanding of inflammation pathways much difficult. The extent of the inflammatory response is usually self-limited, although it depends on the balance between the pro- and anti-inflammatory signals. When that equilibrium is dislocated, a more widespread inflammatory response may take place. Flavonoids have been shown to be possible alternatives to the traditionally molecules used as anti-inflammatory agents. In fact, the biological activities of flavonoids include the modulation of the diverse phases of inflammatory processes, from the gene transcription and expression to the inhibition of the enzymatic activities and the scavenging of the reactive species. In the present review, the inflammatory network is widely revised and the flavonoids' broad spectrum of action in many of the analyzed inflammatory pathways is revised. This kind of integrated revision is original in the field, providing the reader the simultaneous comprehension of the inflammatory process and the potential beneficial activities of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ribeiro
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marisa Freitas
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - José L F C Lima
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
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Singh M, Kaur M, Silakari O. Flavones: an important scaffold for medicinal chemistry. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 84:206-39. [PMID: 25019478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Flavones have antioxidant, anti-proliferative, anti-tumor, anti-microbial, estrogenic, acetyl cholinesterase, anti-inflammatory activities and are also used in cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Also, flavonoids are found to have an effect on several mammalian enzymes like protein kinases that regulate multiple cell signaling pathways and alterations in multiple cellular signaling pathways are frequently found in many diseases. Flavones have been an indispensable anchor for the development of new therapeutic agents. The majority of metabolic diseases are speculated to originate from oxidative stress, and it is therefore significant that recent studies have shown the positive effect of flavones on diseases related to oxidative stress. Due to the wide range of biological activities of flavones, their structure-activity relationships have generated interest among medicinal chemists. The outstanding development of flavones derivatives in diverse diseases in very short span of time proves its magnitude for medicinal chemistry research. The present review gives detail about the structural requirement of flavone derivatives for various pharmacological activities. This information may provide an opportunity to scientists of medicinal chemistry discipline to design selective, optimize as well as poly-functional flavone derivatives for the treatment of multi-factorial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjinder Singh
- Molecular Modeling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab 147002, India
| | - Maninder Kaur
- Molecular Modeling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab 147002, India
| | - Om Silakari
- Molecular Modeling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab 147002, India.
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Rim HK, Yun CH, Shin JS, Cho YW, Jang DS, Ryu JH, Park H, Lee KT. 5,6,7-Trimethoxyflavone suppresses pro-inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages and protects mice from lethal endotoxin shock. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 62:847-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Kim DH, Yun BH, Choi EW, Oh SM, Alam MM, Lee KT, Lee YS. Synthesis and Cytotoxic Effects of Sulfonamide-Substituted 5,6,7-Trimethoxyflavones on Human Cancer Cell Lines. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.8.2507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Lim EK, Mitchell PJ, Brown N, Drummond RA, Brown GD, Kaye PM, Bowles DJ. Regiospecific methylation of a dietary flavonoid scaffold selectively enhances IL-1β production following Toll-like receptor 2 stimulation in THP-1 monocytes. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:21126-21135. [PMID: 23760261 PMCID: PMC3774379 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.453514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now recognized that innate immunity to intestinal microflora plays a significant role in mediating immune health, and modulation of microbial sensing may underpin the impact of plant natural products in the diet or when used as nutraceuticals. In this context, we have examined five classes of plant-derived flavonoids (flavonols, flavones, flavanones, catechins, and cyanidin) for their ability to regulate cytokine release induced by the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) agonist Pam3CSK4. We found that the flavonols selectively co-stimulated IL-1β secretion but had no impact on the secretion of IL-6. Importantly, this costimulation of TLR2-induced cytokine secretion was dependent on regiospecific methylation of the flavonol scaffold with a rank order of quercetin-3,4'-dimethylether > quercetin-3-methylether > casticin. The mechanism underpinning this costimulation did not involve enhanced inflammasome activation. In contrast, the methylated flavonols enhanced IL-1β gene expression through transcriptional regulation, involving mechanisms that operate downstream of the initial NF-κB and STAT1 activation events. These studies demonstrate an exquisite level of control of scaffold bioactivity by regiospecific methylation, with important implications for understanding how natural products affect innate immunity and for their development as novel immunomodulators for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eng-Kiat Lim
- From the Centre for Immunology and Infection, Hull York Medical School and Department of Biology and
| | - Paul J Mitchell
- From the Centre for Immunology and Infection, Hull York Medical School and Department of Biology and
| | - Najmeeyah Brown
- From the Centre for Immunology and Infection, Hull York Medical School and Department of Biology and
| | - Rebecca A Drummond
- the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon D Brown
- the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Paul M Kaye
- From the Centre for Immunology and Infection, Hull York Medical School and Department of Biology and.
| | - Dianna J Bowles
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom and.
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Hwang KJ, Cho KJ, Kim BT. Synthesis of Heterocyclic Baicalein Derivatives. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.5.1325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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