1
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Li W, Chang X, Zhou H, Yu W, Wang R, Chang J. Investigating the Inhibition of Diindolylmethane Derivatives on SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease. J Mol Recognit 2024:e3101. [PMID: 39221493 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.3101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) is an essential enzyme that promotes viral transcription and replication. Mpro conserved nature in different variants and its nonoverlapping nature with human proteases make it an attractive target for therapeutic intervention against SARS-CoV-2. In this work, the interaction mechanism between Mpro and diindolylmethane derivatives was investigated by molecular docking, enzymatic inhibition assay, UV-vis, fluorescence spectroscopy, and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Results of IC50 values show that 1p (9.87 μM) was the strongest inhibitor for Mpro in this work, which significantly inhibited the activity of Mpro. The binding constant (4.07 × 105 Lmol-1), the quenching constant (5.41 × 105 Lmol-1), and thermodynamic parameters indicated that the quenching mode of 1p was static quenching, and the main driving forces between 1p and Mpro are hydrogen bond and van der Waals force. The influence of molecular structure on the binding is investigated. Chlorine atoms and methoxy groups are favorable for the diindolylmethane derivative inhibitors of Mpro. This work confirms the changes in the microenvironment of Mpro by 1p, and provides clues for the design of potential inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Li
- College of Chemistry, Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenquan Yu
- College of Chemistry, Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruiyong Wang
- College of Chemistry, Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junbiao Chang
- College of Chemistry, Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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2
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Teli P, Sahiba N, Sethiya A, Soni J, Agarwal S. Triethylammonium Hydrogen Sulfate Ionic Liquid-Assisted Highly Efficient Synthesis of Bis(indoyl)methanes. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2023.2181829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Teli
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India
| | - Nusrat Sahiba
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India
| | - Ayushi Sethiya
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India
| | - Jay Soni
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India
| | - Shikha Agarwal
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India
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3
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Hamidinasab M, Ahadi N, Bodaghifard MA, Brahmachari G. Sustainable and Bio-Based Catalysts for Multicomponent Organic Synthesis: An Overview. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2097278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Najmieh Ahadi
- Institute of Nanosciences &Nanotechnology, Arak University, Arak, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Bodaghifard
- Institute of Nanosciences &Nanotechnology, Arak University, Arak, Iran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak, Iran
| | - Goutam Brahmachari
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Organic Synthesis Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
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4
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Li H, Zhu Y, Jiang C, Wei J, Liu P, Sun P. HOAc catalyzed three-component reaction for the synthesis of 3,3'-(arylmethylene)bis(1 H-indoles). Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:3365-3374. [PMID: 35355039 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00395c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient HOAc catalyzed three-component reaction of 2-(arylethynyl)anilines with arylaldehydes has been achieved, which leads to the generation of 3,3'-(arylmethylene)bis(1H-indoles) with good to excellent yields and high regioselectivity under transition-metal-free conditions. Four new C-C and C-N bonds were effectively formed in a one-pot procedure. Subsequent research on the reaction mechanism indicated that the reaction likely involved the processes of intramolecular cyclization and cascade intermolecular dehydration condensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Cong Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jia Wei
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Ping Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Peipei Sun
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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5
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Hong Y, Zhu YY, He Q, Gu SX. Indole derivatives as tubulin polymerization inhibitors for the development of promising anticancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 55:116597. [PMID: 34995858 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The α- and β-tubulins are the major polypeptide components of microtubules (MTs), which are attractive targets for anticancer drug development. Indole derivatives display a variety of biological activities including antitumor activity. In recent years, a great number of indole derivatives as tubulin polymerization inhibitors have sprung up, which encourages medicinal chemists to pursue promising inhibitors with improved antitumor activities, excellent physicochemical, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. In this review, the recent progress from 2010 to present in the development of indole derivatives as tubulin polymerization inhibitors was summarized and reviewed, which would provide useful clues and inspirations for further design of outstanding tubulin polymerization inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hong
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
| | - Qiuqin He
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Shuang-Xi Gu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
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6
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Kumar R, prajapati S, Rastogi SK, Singh A, Bharati M, Deshmukh MM, Sinha AK. Friedel‐Crafts‐type Reaction of (Het)Arenes with Aldehydes/Ketones under Acid‐Free Conditions using Neutral Ionic Liquid: A Convenient Routes to bis(Indolyl)methanes and Beyond. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Kumar
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division Medicinal and Process Chemistry Sector 10, Jankipuram ExtensionSitapur road 226031 LUCKNOW INDIA
| | - santosh prajapati
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division Medicinal and Process Chemistry Sector 10, Jankipuram ExtensionSitapur Road 226031 Lucknow INDIA
| | - Sumit K. Rastogi
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division Medicinal and Process Chemistry Sector 10, Jankipuram ExtensionSitapur Road 226031 Lucknow INDIA
| | - Akansha Singh
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division Medicinal and Process Chemistry Sector 10, Jankipuram ExtensionSitapur Road 226031 Lucknow INDIA
| | - Mini Bharati
- Doctor Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya: Dr Hari Singh Gour University Department of Chemistry INDIA
| | - Milind M. Deshmukh
- Doctor Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya: Dr Hari Singh Gour University Department of Chemistry 470003 Sagar INDIA
| | - Arun K. Sinha
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division Medicinal and Process Chemistry Sector 10, Jankipuram ExtensionSitapur Road 226031 Lucknow INDIA
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7
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Chantana C, Sirion U, Iawsipo P, Jaratjaroonphong J. Short Total Synthesis of (±)-Gelliusine E and 2,3'-Bis(indolyl)ethylamines via PTSA-Catalyzed Transindolylation. J Org Chem 2021; 86:13360-13370. [PMID: 34528793 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A first and short total synthesis of the marine sponge 2,3'-bis(indolyl)ethylamine (2,3'-BIEA) alkaloid (±)-gelliusine E was performed in both a three-step divergent approach and a one-pot three-component approach with an overall yield of up to 58%. A key feature of the novel strategy is PTSA-catalyzed transindolylation of the readily synthesized 3,3'-BIEAs with tryptamine derivatives. The structure of the isolated natural product is revised as protonated (±)-gelliusine E (4'). By design, this modular route allows the rapid synthesis of other members of the 2,3'-BIEA family, for example, (±)-6,6'-bis-(debromo)-gelliusine F and analogues with step economy, operational simplicity, and reduced waste. Furthermore, their cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayamon Chantana
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Uthaiwan Sirion
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand.,Research Unit in Synthetic Compounds and Synthetic Analogues from Natural Product for Drug Discovery (RSND), Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Panata Iawsipo
- Department of Biochemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand.,Research Unit of Natural Bioactive Compounds for Healthcare Products Development, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Jaray Jaratjaroonphong
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand.,Research Unit in Synthetic Compounds and Synthetic Analogues from Natural Product for Drug Discovery (RSND), Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
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8
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Verma M, Thakur A, Sharma R, Bharti R. Recent Advancement in the One-Pot Synthesis of the Tri-Substituted Methanes (TRSMs) and Their Biological Applications. Curr Org Synth 2021; 19:86-114. [PMID: 34515005 DOI: 10.2174/1570179418666210910105342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The history of tri-substituted methanes (TRSMs) in chemical industries is much older. Tri-substituted methanes were previously used as dyes in the chemical industries. Still, there is a significant surge in researchers' interest in them due to their wide range of bioactivities. Tri-substituted methane derivatives show a wide range of biological activities like anti-tumor, antimicrobial, antibiofilm, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic activities. Due to the wide range of medicinal applications shown by tri-substituted methanes, most of the methodologies reported in the literature for the synthesis of TRSMs are focused on the one-pot method. This review explored the recently reported one-pot processes for synthesizing tri-substituted methanes and their various medicinal applications. Based on the substitution attached to the -CH carbon, this review categorizes them into two major classes: (I) symmetrical and (II) unsymmetrical trisubstituted methanes. In addition, this review gives an insight into the growing opportunities for the construction of trisubstituted scaffolds via one-pot methodologies. To the best of our knowledge, no one has yet reported a review on the one-pot synthesis of TRSMs. Therefore, here we present a brief literature review of the synthesis of both symmetrical and unsymmetrical TRSMs covering various one-pot methodologies along with their medicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Verma
- Department of chemistry, University Institute of sciences, Chandigarh University, Ludhiana Highway, Mohali, Punjab . India
| | - Ajay Thakur
- Department of chemistry, University Institute of sciences, Chandigarh University, Ludhiana Highway, Mohali, Punjab . India
| | - Renu Sharma
- Department of chemistry, University Institute of sciences, Chandigarh University, Ludhiana Highway, Mohali, Punjab . India
| | - Ruchi Bharti
- Department of chemistry, University Institute of sciences, Chandigarh University, Ludhiana Highway, Mohali, Punjab . India
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9
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Agarwal S, Lathwal A, Nath M. Recent Advances on Cellulose Sulfuric Acid as Sustainable and Environmentally Benign Organocatalyst for Organic Transformations. CURRENT ORGANOCATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/2213337207999200728151811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose sulfuric acid has proved its competence as a potential bio-compatible, non-toxic,
and inexpensive heterogeneous solid acid catalyst in synthetic organic chemistry. Owing to its remarkable
properties, such as non-hygroscopic nature, recyclability, superior catalytic activity and high
stability, it has been actively explored as an efficient and biodegradable organocatalyst in diverse
chemical transformations of synthetic relevance. This review attempts to summarize a significant advancement
and catalytic applications of cellulose sulfuric acid for the synthesis of a plethora of biologically
relevant organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Agarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Delhi, Delhi-110 007, India
| | - Ankit Lathwal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Delhi, Delhi-110 007, India
| | - Mahendra Nath
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Delhi, Delhi-110 007, India
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10
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Patil RC, Damate SA, Zambare DN, Patil SS. Chickpea leaf exudates: a green Brønsted acid type biosurfactant for bis(indole)methane and bis(pyrazolyl)methane synthesis. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00382h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A clean and highly efficient protocol for green synthesis of bis(indole)methanes and bis(pyrazolyl)methanes has been successfully achieved by using a naturally sourced bio-surfactant, chickpea leaf exudates (CLE), as a Brønsted acid-type catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupesh C. Patil
- Synthetic Research Laboratory
- PG Department of Chemistry
- PDVP College, (affiliated to Shivaji University, Kolhapur)
- Sangli (MS)
- India
| | - Shashikant A. Damate
- Synthetic Research Laboratory
- PG Department of Chemistry
- PDVP College, (affiliated to Shivaji University, Kolhapur)
- Sangli (MS)
- India
| | - Dnyandev N. Zambare
- Department of Chemistry
- Kisan Veer Mahavidyalaya, (affiliated to Shivaji University, Kolhapur) Wai
- Satara (MS)
- India
| | - Suresh S. Patil
- Synthetic Research Laboratory
- PG Department of Chemistry
- PDVP College, (affiliated to Shivaji University, Kolhapur)
- Sangli (MS)
- India
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11
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Siddiqui SK, SahayaSheela VJ, Kolluru S, Pandian GN, Santhoshkumar TR, Dan VM, Ramana CV. Discovery of 3-(benzofuran-2-ylmethyl)-1H-indole derivatives as potential autophagy inducers in cervical cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127431. [PMID: 32769048 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this manuscript we have documented the identification of a novel anticancer scaffold 3-(benzofuran-2-ylmethyl)-1H-indole. This scaffold has been designed by tweaking the known bisindolylmethane scaffold of natural products that display a wide range of biological activities. A series of 24 new conjugates have been synthesized and among them 5 derivatives exhibited IC50 values less than 40 µM against two cervical cancer cell lines SiHa and C33a. Further mechanistic studies of two compounds 3eb and 3ec revealed that the toxicity of these compounds was due to the effective induction of autophagy mediated cell death. The autophagy induction was confirmed by the progressive conversion of LC3I to LC3II and downregulation of p62 in cervical cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaziyaparveen K Siddiqui
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110002, India
| | - Vinodh J SahayaSheela
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Srinivas Kolluru
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110002, India.
| | - Ganesh N Pandian
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | | | - Vipin M Dan
- Microbiology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, India.
| | - Chepuri V Ramana
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110002, India.
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12
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Wu X, Peng W. Heterogeneous
SO
3
H
@
Fe
3
O
4
magnetic nanocatalyst as an efficient and reusable medium for the synthesis of 3,3′‐(arylmethylene)‐bis‐(4‐hydroxycoumarin), bis‐(indolyl)‐methane, and 1,8‐dioxo‐octahydroxanthene derivatives. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202000087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Wu
- Experimental Center, School of Business Lingnan Normal University Zhanjiang China
| | - Wan‐Xi Peng
- School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou China
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13
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Hajibabaei M, Senejani MA, Shafiei F. 3‐Amino‐5‐mercapto‐1,2,4‐triazole‐functionalized Fe
3
O
4
magnetic nanocomposite as a green and efficient catalyst for synthesis of bis(indolyl)methane derivatives. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hajibabaei
- Department of Chemistry, Arak BranchIslamic Azad University Arak Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Shafiei
- Department of Chemistry, Arak BranchIslamic Azad University Arak Iran
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14
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Zhang Y, Hu C. Anticancer activity of bisindole alkaloids derived from natural sources and synthetic bisindole hybrids. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2020; 353:e2000092. [PMID: 32468606 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The bisindole moiety, as a versatile pharmacophore, is one of the widespread heterocycles in naturally occurring and synthetic bioactive compounds. The bisindole alkaloids derived from natural sources possess structural and mechanistic diversity, and they were found to be generally more active than monoindole alkaloids against various cancer cell lines. Moreover, some bisindole alkaloids such as the tubulin inhibitors, vinorelbine and vinblastine, have already been approved for cancer therapy, suggesting that bisindole alkaloids are a significant source of anticancer agents and lead hits. Bisindole hybrids have the potential to overcome drug resistance, enhance efficiency, and reduce severe side effects. The bisindole-lactam hybrid midostaurin has already been approved for the treatment of adult patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia who are FLT3 mutation-positive, highlighting the importance of bisindole hybrids in the development of novel anticancer agents. In this review, we present a brief account of the bisindole alkaloids derived from nature and of synthetic hybrids with potential anticancer activity developed in the recent 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chunhong Hu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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15
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Rashid MA, Ashraf A, Rehman SS, Shahid SA, Mahmood A, Faruq M. 1,4-Diazepines: A Review on Synthesis, Reactions and Biological Significance. Curr Org Synth 2019; 16:709-729. [DOI: 10.2174/1570179416666190703113807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:1,4-Diazepines are two nitrogen containing seven membered heterocyclic compounds and associated with a wide range of biological activities. Due to its medicinal importance, scientists are actively involved in the synthesis, reactions and biological evaluation of 1,4-diazepines since number of decades.Objective:The primary purpose of this review is to discuss the synthetic schemes and reactivity of 1,4- diazepines. This article also describes biological aspects of 1,4-diazepine derivatives, that can be usefully exploited for the pharmaceutical sector.Conclusion:This review summarizes the abundant literature on synthetic routes, chemical reactions and biological attributes of 1,4-diazepine derivatives. We concluded that 1,4-diazepines have significant importance due to their biological activities like antipsychotic, anxiolytic, anthelmintic, anticonvulsant, antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer. 1,4-diazepine derivatives with significant biological activities could be explored for potential use in the pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad A. Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, Government Postgraduate College of Science, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sahibzada S. Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Government Postgraduate College of Science, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shaukat A. Shahid
- Department of Physics, Government Postgraduate College of Science, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Adeel Mahmood
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faruq
- Department of Chemistry, Government Postgraduate College of Science, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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16
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Taha M, Uddin I, Gollapalli M, Almandil NB, Rahim F, Farooq RK, Nawaz M, Ibrahim M, Alqahtani MA, Bamarouf YA, Selvaraj M. Synthesis, anti-leishmanial and molecular docking study of bis-indole derivatives. BMC Chem 2019; 13:102. [PMID: 31410413 PMCID: PMC6685257 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-019-0617-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We have synthesized new series of bisindole analogs (1–27), characterized by 1HNMR and HR-EI-MS and evaluated for their anti-leishmanial potential. All compounds showed outstanding inhibitory potential with IC50 values ranging from 0.7 ± 0.01 to 13.30 ± 0.50 µM respectively when compared with standard pentamidine with IC50 value of 7.20 ± 0.20 µM. All analogs showed greater potential than standard except 10, 19 and 23 when compared with standard. Structure activity relationship has been also established for all compounds. Molecular docking studies were carried out to understand the binding interaction of active molecules.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Taha
- 1Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441 Saudi Arabia
| | - Imad Uddin
- 2Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, 21300 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Mohammed Gollapalli
- 3Department of Computer Information Systems, College of Computer Science & Information Technology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441 Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor Barak Almandil
- 1Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441 Saudi Arabia
| | - Fazal Rahim
- 2Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, 21300 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Rai Khalid Farooq
- 4Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute of Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441 Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- 5Department of Nano-Medicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Ibrahim
- 1Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Alqahtani
- 1Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441 Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser A Bamarouf
- 3Department of Computer Information Systems, College of Computer Science & Information Technology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441 Saudi Arabia
| | - Manikandan Selvaraj
- 6Monash University School of Chemical Engineering, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Malaysia
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17
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Muthukumar A, Rao GN, Sekar G. Zn(OTf) 2-catalyzed access to symmetrical and unsymmetrical bisindoles from α-keto amides. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:3921-3933. [PMID: 30941387 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00114j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Zn(OTf)2-catalyzed synthesis of 3,3'-bisindolyl acetamides from α-keto amides is developed. Both aromatic α-keto amides substituted with electron-donating as well as -withdrawing groups and aliphatic α-keto amides are well tolerated to provide symmetrical bisindoles in moderate to excellent yields. The chemoselective bisindolylation of the keto group of α-keto amides in the presence of a simple keto functionality is successfully achieved in good yields. The transformation is further extended to the synthesis of challenging unsymmetrical bisindoles by treating indolyl α-hydroxy amides with substituted indoles. The unsymmetrical bisindoles are isolated in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alagesan Muthukumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600 036, India.
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18
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Mathavan S, Kannan K, Yamajala RBRD. Thiamine hydrochloride as a recyclable organocatalyst for the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes, tris(indolyl)methanes, 3,3-di(indol-3-yl)indolin-2-ones and biscoumarins. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:9620-9626. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02090j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thiamine hydrochloride was identified as an eco-friendly organocatalyst for the synthesis of a broad range of bis(indolyl)methanes, tris(indolyl)methanes, 3,3-di(indol-3-yl)indolin-2-ones and biscoumarin derivatives in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivagami Mathavan
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology
- SASTRA Deemed University
- Thanjavur-613 401
- India
| | - Keerthana Kannan
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology
- SASTRA Deemed University
- Thanjavur-613 401
- India
| | - Rajesh B. R. D. Yamajala
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology
- SASTRA Deemed University
- Thanjavur-613 401
- India
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19
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Sangwan R, Rajan R, Mandal PK. HDAC as onco target: Reviewing the synthetic approaches with SAR study of their inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 158:620-706. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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20
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Samanta S, Hajra A. Ruthenium-catalyzed tandem annulation/arylation for the synthesis of unsymmetrical bis(heteroaryl)methanes. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:8390-8394. [PMID: 30209462 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01892h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A new Ru-catalyzed tandem furan annulation/arylation strategy has been developed to afford unsymmetrical bis(heteroaryl)methanes by a reaction between propargyl amines and indoles. A series of bis(heteroaryl)methanes containing furan and indole as well as indole and imidazopyridine moieties have been synthesized in high yields. The reaction possibly proceeds through furan annulation followed by nucleophilic addition of indole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadhanendu Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, 731235 West Bengal, India.
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21
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Eldehna WM, Abo-Ashour MF, Ibrahim HS, Al-Ansary GH, Ghabbour HA, Elaasser MM, Ahmed HYA, Safwat NA. Novel [(3-indolylmethylene)hydrazono]indolin-2-ones as apoptotic anti-proliferative agents: design, synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:686-700. [PMID: 29560733 PMCID: PMC6010103 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1421181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
On account of their significance as apoptosis inducing agents, merging indole and 3-hydrazinoindolin-2-one scaffolds is a logic tactic for designing pro-apoptotic agents. Consequently, 27 hybrids (6a–r, 9a–f and 11a–c) were synthesised and evaluated for their cytotoxicity against MCF-7, HepG-2 and HCT-116 cancer cell lines. SAR studies unravelled that N-propylindole derivatives were the most active compounds such as 6n (MCF-7; IC50=1.04 µM), which displayed a significant decrease of cell population in the G2/M phase and significant increase in the early and late apoptosis by 19-folds in Annexin-V-FTIC assay. Also, 6n increased the expression of caspase-3, caspase-9, cytochrome C and Bax and decreased the expression of Bcl-2. Moreover, compounds 6i, 6j, 6n and 6q generated ROS by significant increase in the level of SOD and depletion of the levels of CAT and GSH-Px in MCF-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagdy M Eldehna
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Kafrelsheikh University , Kafrelsheikh , Egypt
| | - Mahmoud F Abo-Ashour
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Egyptian Russian University , Badr City , Egypt
| | - Hany S Ibrahim
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Egyptian Russian University , Badr City , Egypt
| | - Ghada H Al-Ansary
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Hazem A Ghabbour
- d Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia.,e Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Elaasser
- f The Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology , Al-Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Hanaa Y A Ahmed
- f The Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology , Al-Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Nesreen A Safwat
- f The Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology , Al-Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt
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Jejurkar VP, Khatri CK, Chaturbhuj GU, Saha S. Environmentally Benign, Highly Efficient and Expeditious Solvent-Free Synthesis of Trisubstituted Methanes Catalyzed by Sulfated Polyborate. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Valmik P. Jejurkar
- Department of Dyestuff Technology; Institute of Chemical Technology; Mumbai- 400019 India
| | - Chetan K. Khatri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology; Institute of Chemical Technology; Mumbai- 400019 India
| | - Ganesh U. Chaturbhuj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology; Institute of Chemical Technology; Mumbai- 400019 India
| | - Satyajit Saha
- Department of Dyestuff Technology; Institute of Chemical Technology; Mumbai- 400019 India
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23
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Ojha NK, Zyryanov GV, Majee A, Charushin VN, Chupakhin ON, Santra S. Copper nanoparticles as inexpensive and efficient catalyst: A valuable contribution in organic synthesis. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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24
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Design and synthesis of bis(indolyl)ketohydrazide-hydrazones: Identification of potent and selective novel tubulin inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 136:184-194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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25
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Abbot V, Sharma P, Dhiman S, Noolvi MN, Patel HM, Bhardwaj V. Small hybrid heteroaromatics: resourceful biological tools in cancer research. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra24662a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, hybrid drugs containing two or more covalently linked known potential pharmacophores are designed to simultaneously modulate multiple targets of multifactorial diseases to overcome the side effects associated with a single drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikrant Abbot
- Department of Biotechnology
- Bioinformatics and Pharmacy
- Jaypee University of Information Technology
- Solan
- India
| | - Poonam Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology
- Bioinformatics and Pharmacy
- Jaypee University of Information Technology
- Solan
- India
| | - Saurabh Dhiman
- Department of Biotechnology
- Bioinformatics and Pharmacy
- Jaypee University of Information Technology
- Solan
- India
| | | | - Harun M. Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- R.C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- Dhule
- India
| | - Varun Bhardwaj
- Department of Biotechnology
- Bioinformatics and Pharmacy
- Jaypee University of Information Technology
- Solan
- India
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26
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Wang YQ, Wei ZS, Zhu CQ, Ren YY, Wu C. Solvent-controlled and selective synthesis of mono- and bis-indolyl products in Brønsted acid catalyzed aza-Friedel–Crafts reactions of indoles with cyclic imines. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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27
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Sarma P, Ramaiah MJ, Pal D, Bhadra U, Pal Bhadra M. A novel bisindole-PBD conjugate inhibits angiogenesis by regulating STAT3 and VEGF in breast cancer cells. Life Sci 2016; 151:264-276. [PMID: 26979778 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Breast cancer is highly resistant to chemotherapeutic approach and hence, alternative strategies have been developed to fight against this heterogeneous group of disease. In particular, many studies have demonstrated about various drugs for the treatment of breast cancer. In our study, we assessed the anti-angiogenenic activities of Bisindole-PBD (5b) in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. MAIN METHODS In vitro Endothelial Cell (HUVEC) Tube Formation Assay was performed to show inhibitory role of 5b along with its role upon wound healing process in breast cancer cells in vitro. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) was also done to examine the expression of VEGF in response to 5b in breast cancer cells and in HUVEC cells. siRNA transfection study explored STAT3 mediated VEGF transcription in breast cancer cells MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. CAM assay was performed to see the role of 5b on vessel formation in chicken embryo. KEY FINDINGS From in vitro data we have demonstrated that 5b played a role in regulation of breast cancer cell proliferation by inhibiting angiogenesis. Test drug 5b suppressed the expression VEGF at both transcriptional and post transcriptional levels. Apart from this, there was significant down regulation in STAT3 level after drug treatment, which was found to be involved in the VEGF transcription. Metastasis related MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions were also modulated by 5b. In vivo study by Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) Assay also showed anti-angiogenesis role of the test drug which was consistent with the in vitro data. SIGNIFICANCE Altogether, our data demonstrated 5b as potent small molecule with anti-angiogenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranjal Sarma
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - M Janaki Ramaiah
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India; School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613401, India
| | - Dhananjaya Pal
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Utpal Bhadra
- Functional Genomics and Gene Silencing Group, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Manika Pal Bhadra
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India.
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29
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Varvounis G. An Update on the Synthesis of Pyrrolo[1,4]benzodiazepines. Molecules 2016; 21:154. [PMID: 26828475 PMCID: PMC6273195 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrrolo[1,4]benzodiazepines are tricyclic compounds that are considered “privileged structures” since they possess a wide range of biological activities. The first encounter with these molecules was the isolation of anthramycin from cultures of Streptomyces, followed by determination of the X-ray crystal structure of the molecule and a study of its interaction with DNA. This opened up an intensive synthetic and biological study of the pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepines that has culminated in the development of the dimer SJG-136, at present in Phase II clinical trials. The synthetic efforts have brought to light some new synthetic methodology, while the contemporary work is focused on building trimeric pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepines linked together by various heterocyclic and aliphatic chains. It is the broad spectrum of biological activities of pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]benzodiazepines that has maintained the interest of researchers to date whereas several derivatives of the even less studied pyrrolo[1,2-d][1,4]benzodiazepines were found to be potent non-nucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors. The present review is an update on the synthesis of pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepines since the last major review of 2011, while the overview of the synthesis of the other two tricyclic isomers is comprehensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Varvounis
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece.
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30
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Shirini F, Fallah-Shojaei A, Samavi L, Abedini M. A clean synthesis of bis(indolyl)methane and biscoumarin derivatives using P4VPy–CuO nanoparticles as a new, efficient and heterogeneous polymeric catalyst. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra04893e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A mild, simple, and efficient procedure has been developed for the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes and 3,3′-(arylmethylene)-bis-(4-hydroxy coumarins) using P4VPy–CuO nanoparticles as a heterogeneous polymeric catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Shirini
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Guilan
- Rasht
- Iran
| | | | - Laleh Samavi
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Guilan
- Rasht
- Iran
| | - Masoumeh Abedini
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Guilan
- Rasht
- Iran
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31
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Sarma P, Bag I, Ramaiah MJ, Kamal A, Bhadra U, Pal Bhadra M. Bisindole-PBD regulates breast cancer cell proliferation via SIRT-p53 axis. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 16:1486-501. [PMID: 26192233 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1071731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study we reported the role of potent bisindole-PBD conjugate as an inclusion in the arsenal of breast cancer therapeutics. In breast cancer cell proliferation, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway plays a crucial role by prosurvival mechanism that inhibits programmed cell death. Here, 2 breast cancer cells lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 were treated with Vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid / SAHA) and bisindole-PBD (5b). We have investigated the effect on PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and SIRT expression including epigenetic regulation. There was consistent decrease in the level of PI3K, AKT, mTOR proteins upon treatment of 5b in both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines compared to untreated controls. Treatment with caspase inhibitor (Q-VD-OPH) confirmed that the effect of 5b on PI3K signaling was ahead of apoptosis. Real time PCR and western blot analysis showed profound reduction in the mRNA and protein levels of SIRT1 and SIRT2. Molecular docking studies also supported the interaction of 5b with various amino acids of SIRT2 proteins. Treatment with 5b caused epigenetic changes that include increase of acetylated forms of p53, increase of histone acetylation at p21 promoter as well as decrease in methylation state of p21 gene. Compound 5b thus acts as SIRT inhibitor and cause p53 activation via inhibition of growth factor signaling and activation of p53 dependent apoptotic signaling. This present study focuses bisindole-PBD on epigenetic alteration putting 5b as a promising therapeutic tool in the realm of breast cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranjal Sarma
- a Centre for Chemical Biology; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology ; Tarnaka, Hyderabad , India
| | - Indira Bag
- a Centre for Chemical Biology; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology ; Tarnaka, Hyderabad , India.,b Functional Genomics and Gene Silencing Group; CSIR-Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology ; Hyderabad , India
| | - M Janaki Ramaiah
- a Centre for Chemical Biology; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology ; Tarnaka, Hyderabad , India.,c School of Chemical & Biotechnology; SASTRA University ; Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur , India
| | - Ahmed Kamal
- d Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology ; Tarnaka, Hyderabad , India
| | - Utpal Bhadra
- b Functional Genomics and Gene Silencing Group; CSIR-Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology ; Hyderabad , India
| | - Manika Pal Bhadra
- a Centre for Chemical Biology; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology ; Tarnaka, Hyderabad , India
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An underrated cheap Lewis acid: Molecular bromine as a robust catalyst for bis(indolyl)methanes synthesis. CATAL COMMUN 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Sarma P, Ramaiah MJ, Kamal A, Bhadra U, Bhadra MP. A novel bisindole-PBD conjugate causes DNA damage induced apoptosis via inhibition of DNA repair pathway. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 15:1320-32. [PMID: 25010292 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.29705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage response (DDR) that includes cell cycle check points, DNA repair, apoptosis, and senescence is intimately linked with cancer. It shields an organism against cancer development when genomic integrity fails. DNA repair pathways protect the cells from tumor progression caused as a result of DNA damage induced by irradiation or due to chemotherapeutic treatment. Many promising anticancer agents have been identified that target specific DNA repair pathways in response to DNA damage thereby leading to apoptosis. Here we identified a novel bisindole-PBD conjugate that possess potent anticancer activity in breast cancer cells. Further studies aimed at understanding the mechanism of action of the molecule showed its role in DNA damage induced apoptosis via inhibition of DNA repair pathway. Trypan blue and BrdU assay exhibited a dose-dependent effect. Single-stranded DNA damage was observed by COMET assay. In addition DNA damage induced ROS generation with simultaneous activation of ATM and ATR upon compound treatment was observed. Further downregulation of Bcl-XL and activation of Bax showed DNA damage induced apoptosis in MCF-7 and MDAMB-231 cells. In conclusion, it can be summarized that bisindole-PBD conjugate induces DNA damage in a dose dependent (2, 4, and 8 μM) manner by inhibiting the DNA repair genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranjal Sarma
- 1 Centre for Chemical Biology; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka, Hyderabad, India; Functional Genomics and Gene Silencing Group; Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology; Hyderabad, India
| | - M Janaki Ramaiah
- 1 Centre for Chemical Biology; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ahmed Kamal
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka, Hyderabad, India
| | - Utpal Bhadra
- Functional Genomics and Gene Silencing Group; Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology; Hyderabad, India
| | - Manika Pal Bhadra
- 1 Centre for Chemical Biology; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka, Hyderabad, India
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Shirini F, Esmaeeli-Ranjbar S, Seddighi M. Poly(4-vinylpyridinium) perchlorate as an efficient and recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of biscoumarins and bisindoles. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(14)60061-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Rational approaches, design strategies, structure activity relationship and mechanistic insights for anticancer hybrids. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 77:422-87. [PMID: 24685980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A Hybrid drug which comprises the incorporation of two drug pharmacophores in one single molecule are basically designed to interact with multiple targets or to amplify its effect through action on another bio target as one single molecule or to counterbalance the known side effects associated with the other hybrid part(.) The present review article offers a detailed account of the design strategies employed for the synthesis of anticancer agents via molecular hybridization techniques. Over the years, the researchers have employed this technique to discover some promising chemical architectures displaying significant anticancer profiles. Molecular hybridization as a tool has been particularly utilized for targeting tubulin protein as exemplified through the number of research papers. The microtubule inhibitors such as taxol, colchicine, chalcones, combretasatin, phenstatins and vinca alkaloids have been utilized as one of the functionality of the hybrids and promising results have been obtained in most of the cases with some of the tubulin based hybrids exhibiting anticancer activity at nanomolar level. Linkage with steroids as biological carrier vector for anticancer drugs and the inclusion of pyrrolo [2,1-c] [1,4]benzodiazepines (PBDs), a family of DNA interactive antitumor antibiotics derived from Streptomyces species in hybrid structure based drug design has also emerged as a potential strategy. Various heteroaryl based hybrids in particular isatin and coumarins have also been designed and reported to posses' remarkable inhibitory potential. Apart from presenting the design strategies, the article also highlights the structure activity relationship along with mechanistic insights revealed during the biological evaluation of the hybrids.
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Li L, Jiang Y, Liu X, Zhao Z. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Unsymmetrical Indolyl/Aryl Bis-Thiosemicarbazones. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.3184/174751913x13688155249983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of nine novel unsymmetrical bis-thiosemicarbazones were prepared in high yield by condensation of aromatic aldehyde thiosemicarbazones with indole-3-carboxaldehyde using microwave irradiation. The structures of the new compounds were characterised. Six of the compounds displayed varying levels of antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Protection Engineering, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yujia Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Protection Engineering, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xingli Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Protection Engineering, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Protection Engineering, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
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Bharate SB, Bharate JB, Khan SI, Tekwani BL, Jacob MR, Mudududdla R, Yadav RR, Singh B, Sharma PR, Maity S, Singh B, Khan IA, Vishwakarma RA. Discovery of 3,3'-diindolylmethanes as potent antileishmanial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 63:435-43. [PMID: 23517732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
An efficient protocol for synthesis of 3,3'-diindolylmethanes using recyclable Fe-pillared interlayered clay (Fe-PILC) catalyst under aqueous medium has been developed. All synthesized 3,3'-diindolylmethanes showed promising antileishmanial activity against Leishmania donovani promastigotes as well as axenic amastigotes. Structure-activity relationship analysis revealed that nitroaryl substituted diindolylmethanes showed potent antileishmanial activity. The 4-nitrophenyl linked 3,3'-diindolylmethane 8g was found to be the most potent antileishmanial analog showing IC50 values of 7.88 and 8.37 μM against both L. donovani promastigotes and amastigotes, respectively. Further, a pharmacophore based QSAR model was established to understand the crucial molecular features of 3,3'-diindolylmethanes essential for potent antileishmanial activity. These compounds also exhibited promising antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans, wherein fluorophenyl substituted 3,3'-diindolylmethanes were found to be most potent antifungal agents. Developed synthetic protocol will be useful for economical and eco-friendly synthesis of potent antileishmanial and antifungal 3,3'-diindolylmethane class of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip B Bharate
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.
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Zhang Y, Yang P, Chou CJ, Liu C, Wang X, Xu W. Development of N-Hydroxycinnamamide-Based Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors with Indole-Containing Cap Group. ACS Med Chem Lett 2013; 4:235-238. [PMID: 23493449 DOI: 10.1021/ml300366t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel series of histone deacetylase inhibitors combining N-hydroxycinnamamide bioactive fragment and indole bioactive fragment was designed and synthesized. Several compounds (17c, 17g, 17h, 17j and 17k) exhibited comparable even superior total HDACs inhibitory activity and in vitro antiproliferative activities relative to the approved drug SAHA. A representative compound 17a with moderate HDACs inhibition was progressed to isoform selectivity profile, western blot analysis and in vivo antitumor assay. Although HDACs isoform selectivity of 17a was similar to that of SAHA, our western blot results indicated that intracellular effects of 17a at 1 μM were class I selective. It was noteworthy that the effect on histone H4 acetylation of SAHA decreased with time while the effect on histone H4 acetylation of 17a maintained even increased. Most importantly, compound 17a exhibited promising in vivo antitumor activity in a U937 xenograft model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry,
School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Penghui Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry,
School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - C. James Chou
- Department of Drug Discovery
and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South
Carolina, 29425, United States United States
| | - Chunxi Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School
of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Ji’nan,
Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuejian Wang
- Postdoctoral Workstation, Biomedical Industry Park Management Office, Weifang,
Shandong, 261205, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenfang Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry,
School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
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Seddighi M, Shirini F, Mamaghani M. Sulfonated rice husk ash (RHA-SO3H) as a highly efficient and reusable catalyst for the synthesis of some bis-heterocyclic compounds. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra44053b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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40
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Sadashiva MP, Basappa, NanjundaSwamy S, Li F, Manu KA, Sengottuvelan M, Prasanna DS, Anilkumar NC, Sethi G, Sugahara K, Rangappa KS. Anti-cancer activity of novel dibenzo[b,f]azepine tethered isoxazoline derivatives. BMC CHEMICAL BIOLOGY 2012; 12:5. [PMID: 23033888 PMCID: PMC3554437 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6769-12-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Dibenzoazepine (DB) derivatives are important and valuable compounds in medicinal chemistry. The synthesis and chemotherapeutic properties of naturally occurring DBs and different heterocyclic moiety tethered DBs are reported. Herein, we report the DB-fused hybrid structure that containing isoxazolines (DBIs) and their anti-cancer activity, which could throw light on the structural and functional features of new molecules. Results and Conclusion The synthesis and characterization of novel ring DB tethered isoxazoline derivatives (DBIs) were carried out. After the detailed structural characterization using 2D-NMR experiments, the compounds were identified as 5-substituted isoxazolines. The effect of newly synthesized DBIs against the invasion of murine osteosarcoma (LM8G7) cells was studied. Among the tested molecules, compound 4g (5-[−3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-5-yl-methyl]-5 H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine), was found to inhibit the invasion of LM8G7 cells strongly, when compared to other structurally related compounds. Cumulatively, the compound 4g inhibited the invasion MDA-MB-231 cells completely at 10 μM. In addition to anti-invasion property the compound 4g also inhibited the migration of LM8G7 and human ovarian cancer cells (OVSAHO) dose-dependently. Compound 4g inhibited the proliferation of LM8G7, OVSAHO, human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and human melphalan-resistant multiple myeloma (RPMI8226-LR5) cells that are comparable to cisplatin and suramin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Basappa
- Laboratory of Proteoglycan Signalling and Therapeutics, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Life Science, Sapporo, 110021, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Central College Campus, Bangalore University, Bangalore, 560001, India
| | - Shivananju NanjundaSwamy
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore, 117597
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore, 117597
| | - Kanjoormana Aryan Manu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore, 117597
| | - Murugan Sengottuvelan
- Laboratory of Proteoglycan Signalling and Therapeutics, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Life Science, Sapporo, 110021, Japan
| | | | | | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore, 117597
| | - Kazuyuki Sugahara
- Laboratory of Proteoglycan Signalling and Therapeutics, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Life Science, Sapporo, 110021, Japan
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A series of 2-arylamino-5-(indolyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazoles as potent cytotoxic agents. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 55:432-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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