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Jiang L, Liu X, Liang X, Dai S, Wei H, Guo M, Chen Z, Xiao D, Chen Y. Structural characterization of the DNA binding mechanism of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gamma. Structure 2024; 32:467-475.e3. [PMID: 38309263 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gamma (RORγ) plays critical roles in regulating various biological processes and has been linked to immunodeficiency disorders and cancers. DNA recognition is essential for RORγ to exert its functions. However, the underlying mechanism of the DNA binding by RORγ remains unclear. In this study, we present the crystal structure of the complex of RORγ1 DNA-binding domain (RORγ1-DBD)/direct repeat DNA element DR2 at 2.3 Å resolution. We demonstrate that RORγ1-DBD binds the DR2 motif as a homodimer, with the C-terminal extension (CTE) region of RORγ1-DBD contributing to the DNA recognition and the formation of dimeric interface. Further studies reveal that REV-ERB-DBD and RXR-DBD, also bind the DR2 site as a homodimer, while NR4A2-DBD binds DR2 as a monomer. Our research uncovers a binding mechanism of RORγ1 to the DR2 site and provides insights into the biological functions of RORγ1 and the broader RORs subfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longying Jiang
- Department of Pathology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Department of Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xueke Liu
- Department of Pathology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Department of Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xujun Liang
- Department of Pathology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Department of Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuyan Dai
- Department of Pathology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Department of Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hudie Wei
- Department of Pathology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Department of Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Guo
- Department of Pathology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Department of Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuchu Chen
- Department of Pathology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Department of Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Desheng Xiao
- Department of Pathology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Department of Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Yongheng Chen
- Department of Pathology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Department of Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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2
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Pitsillou E, Liang JJ, Beh RC, Hung A, Karagiannis TC. Identification of dietary compounds that interact with the circadian clock machinery: Molecular docking and structural similarity analysis. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 123:108529. [PMID: 37263157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The molecular clock is vital for regulating circadian rhythms in various physiological processes, and its dysregulation is associated with multiple diseases. As such, the use of small molecule modulators to regulate the molecular clock presents a promising therapeutic approach. In this study, we generated a homology model of the human circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK) protein to evaluate its ligand binding sites. Using molecular docking, we obtained further insights into the binding mode of the control compound CLK8 and explored a selection of dietary compounds. Our investigation of dietary compounds was guided by their potential interactions with the retinoic acid-related orphan receptors RORα/γ, which are involved in circadian regulation. Through the molecular similarity and docking analyses, we identified oleanolic acid demethyl, 3-epi-lupeol, and taraxasterol as potential ROR-interacting compounds. These compounds may exert therapeutic effects through their modulation of RORα/γ activity and subsequently influence the molecular clock. Overall, our study highlights the potential of small molecule modulators in regulating the molecular clock and the importance of exploring dietary compounds as a source of such modulators. Our findings also provide insights into the binding mechanisms of CLK8 and shed light on potential compounds that can interact with RORs to regulate the molecular clock. Future investigations could focus on validating the efficacy of these compounds in modulating the molecular clock and their potential use as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Pitsillou
- Epigenomic Medicine Laboratory at ProspED, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia; School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Julia J Liang
- Epigenomic Medicine Laboratory at ProspED, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia; School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Raymond C Beh
- Epigenomic Medicine Laboratory at ProspED, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia; School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Andrew Hung
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Tom C Karagiannis
- Epigenomic Medicine Laboratory at ProspED, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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3
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Synthesis and structure activity relationship of the first class of LXR inverse agonists. Bioorg Chem 2021; 119:105540. [PMID: 34902646 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Liver X Receptors (LXRs) are members of the nuclear receptor family, and they play significant role in lipid and cholesterol metabolism. Moreover, they are key regulators of several inflammatory pathways. Pharmacological modulation of LXRs holds great potential in treatment of metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. We were the first group to identify LXR inverse agonists SR9238 (6) and SR9243 (7) and demonstrate their potential utility in treating liver diseases and cancer. Here, we present the results of structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies, based around SR9238 (6) and SR9243 (7). This study led to identification of 16, 17, 19, and 38, which were more potent inverse agonists than SR9238 (6) and SR9243 (7) and inhibited expression of the fatty acid synthase gene in DU145 cells. We previously demonstrated that inhibition of FASN is correlated to the anticancer activity of SR9243 (7) and this suggests that new inverse agonists have great potential as anticancer agents. We identified compounds with distinct selectivity toward both LXR isoforms, which can be excellent tools to study the pharmacology of both isoforms. We employed molecular dynamic (MD) simulations to better understand the molecular mechanism underlying inverse agonist activity and to guide our future design.
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4
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Zhao QK, Wu X, Yang F, Yan PC, Xie JH, Zhou QL. Catalytic Asymmetric Hydrogenation of 3-Ethoxycarbonyl Quinolin-2-ones and Coumarins. Org Lett 2021; 23:3593-3598. [PMID: 33872510 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A protocol of iridium catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of 4-alkyl substituted 3-ethoxycarbonyl quinolin-2-ones and coumarins has been reported, providing a wide range of chiral dihydroquinolin-2-ones and dihydrocoumarins in high yields with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee) and high turnover numbers (up to 28 000). This efficient protocol was successfully applied for the synthesis of MPR3160 and the key chiral intermediate of R-106578.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Kun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiong Wu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Pu-Cha Yan
- Raybow (Hangzhou) Pharmaceutical Science & Technology CO., Ltd., Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jian-Hua Xie
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qi-Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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5
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Harcken C, Csengery J, Turner M, Wu L, Liang S, Sibley R, Brunette S, Labadia M, Hoyt K, Wayne A, Wieckowski T, Davis G, Panzenbeck M, Souza D, Kugler S, Terenzio D, Collin D, Smith D, Fryer RM, Tseng YC, Hehn JP, Fletcher K, Hughes RO. Discovery of a Series of Pyrazinone RORγ Antagonists and Identification of the Clinical Candidate BI 730357. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:143-154. [PMID: 33488976 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The interleukin (IL)-23/T helper (Th)17 axis plays a critical role in autoimmune diseases, and there is an increasing number of biologic therapies that target IL-23 and IL-17. The transcription factor retinoic acid receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor γt (RORγt) is important for the activation and differentiation of Th17 cells and thus is an attractive pharmacologic target for the treatment of Th17-mediated diseases. A novel series of pyrazinone RORγ antagonists was discovered through hybridization of two distinct screening hits and scaffold hopping. The series offers attractive potency and selectivity in combination with favorable druglike properties, such as metabolic stability and aqueous solubility. Lead optimization identified a clinical candidate, compound (S)-11 (BI 730357), for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Harcken
- Department of R&D Project Management and Development Strategies, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Johanna Csengery
- Department of Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Michael Turner
- Department of Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Lifen Wu
- Department of Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Robert Sibley
- Department of Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Steven Brunette
- Department of Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Mark Labadia
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Kathleen Hoyt
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Anita Wayne
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Thomas Wieckowski
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Gregg Davis
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Mark Panzenbeck
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Donald Souza
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Stanley Kugler
- Department of Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Donna Terenzio
- Department of Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Delphine Collin
- Department of Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Dustin Smith
- Department of Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Ryan M. Fryer
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Yin-Chao Tseng
- Department of Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Jörg P. Hehn
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Germany, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Kim Fletcher
- Department of Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Robert O. Hughes
- Department of Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
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6
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Wang L, Zhou P, Lin Q, Dong S, Liu X, Feng X. Chiral Fe(ii) complex catalyzed enantioselective [1,3] O-to-C rearrangement of alkyl vinyl ethers and synthesis of chromanols and beyond. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10101-10106. [PMID: 34094271 PMCID: PMC8162448 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04340k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly efficient enantioselective [1,3] O-to-C rearrangement of racemic vinyl ethers that operates under mild conditions was developed. This method with chiral ferrous complex catalyst provided an efficient access to a wide range of chromanols with high yields and excellent enantioselectivities. In addition, an important urological drug (R)-tolterodine and others were easily obtained after simple transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Pengfei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Qianchi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Shunxi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
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7
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Shahien M, Elagawany M, Sitaula S, Goher SS, Burris SL, Sanders R, Avdagic A, Billon C, Hegazy L, Burris TP, Elgendy B. Modulation of estrogen-related receptors subtype selectivity: Conversion of an ERRβ/γ selective agonist to ERRα/β/γ pan agonists. Bioorg Chem 2020; 102:104079. [PMID: 32683181 PMCID: PMC9137328 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen Related Receptors (ERRs) are key regulators of energy homeostasis and play important role in the etiology of metabolic disorders, skeletal muscle related disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. Among the three ERR isoforms, ERRα emerged as a potential drug target for metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. Although ERRβ/γ selective agonist chemical tools have been identified, there are no chemical tools that effectively target ERRα agonism. We successfully engineered high affinity ERRα agonism into a chemical scaffold that displays selective ERRβ/γ agonist activity (GSK4716), providing novel ERRα/β/γ pan agonists that can be used as tools to probe the physiological roles of these nuclear receptors. We identified the structural requirements to enhance selectivity toward ERRα. Molecular modeling shows that our novel modulators have favorable binding modes in the LBP of ERRα and can induce conformational changes where Phe328 that originally occupies the pocket is dislocated to accommodate the ligands in a rather small cavity. The best agonists up-regulated the expression of target genes PGC-1α and PGC-1β, which are necessary to achieve maximal mitochondrial biogenesis. Moreover, they increased the mRNA levels of PDK4, which play an important role in energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Shahien
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elagawany
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Sadichha Sitaula
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shaimaa S Goher
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt
| | - Sheryl L Burris
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ryan Sanders
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Amer Avdagic
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Cyrielle Billon
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lamees Hegazy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Thomas P Burris
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Bahaa Elgendy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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8
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Metal-free electrochemical oxidative trifluoromethylation/C(sp2) H functionalization of quinolinones. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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9
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Chen Q, Wang F, Zhou B. Investigations of retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor-gamma t (RORγt) agonists: a combination of 3D-QSAR, molecular docking and molecular dynamics. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:3501-3514. [PMID: 32375589 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1765873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor-gamma t (RORγt) is an attractive target for Th17-driven autoimmune diseases. In the present work, a series of RORγt agonists were investigated by a molecular modeling study combining three-dimensional quantitative structure activity relationship (3D-QSAR), molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and binding free energies to get insight into the molecular features that would promote binding activity. The optimum comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) models for 3D-QSAR studies possess satisfactory predictive ability, with R2cv=0.615, R2pred=0.8702 for CoMFA, and R2cv=0.670, R2pred=0.7683 for CoMSIA model, respectively. In addition, molecular docking studies, molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energies were used to find the actual conformations of compounds in the active site of RORγt, and key residues GLN-286, LEU-287, HIS-323 and ARG-367 for higher binding activity were pointed out. The predicted models will help us to understand the structural requirements of RORγt agonists for the designing of better active compounds. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Chen
- School of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- School of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, College of Basic Medical, GuizhouMedical University, Guizhou, China
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10
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Han F, Xun S, Jia L, Zhang Y, Zou L, Hu X. Traceless-Activation Strategy for Rh-Catalyzed Csp2–H Arylation of Coumarins. Org Lett 2019; 21:5907-5911. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fuzhong Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Shanshan Xun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Lina Jia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Yutong Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Liwei Zou
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiangping Hu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
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11
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Zhang W, Wu L, Chen P, Liu G. Enantioselective Arylation of Benzylic C−H Bonds by Copper‐Catalyzed Radical Relay. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201902191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic ChemistryCenter for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Lianqian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic ChemistryCenter for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Pinhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic ChemistryCenter for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Guosheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic ChemistryCenter for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
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12
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Zhang W, Wu L, Chen P, Liu G. Enantioselective Arylation of Benzylic C-H Bonds by Copper-Catalyzed Radical Relay. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:6425-6429. [PMID: 30861619 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A novel enantioselective copper-catalyzed arylation of benzylic C-H bonds, using alkylarenes as a limiting reagent, has been developed. A chiral bisoxazoline ligand bearing an acetate ester moiety plays a key role in both the reactivity and enantioselectivity of the reaction. The reaction provides efficient access to various chiral 1,1-diarylalkanes in good yields with good to excellent enantioselectivities, and displays excellent functional-group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lianqian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Pinhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Guosheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
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13
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Sciveres M, Nastasio S, Maggiore G. Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies in Juvenile Autoimmune Hepatitis. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:382. [PMID: 31616649 PMCID: PMC6763601 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile autoimmune hepatitis (JAIH) is a rare, chronic, inflammatory disease of the liver characterized by a complex interaction between genetic, immunological, and environmental factors leading to loss of immunotolerance to hepatic antigens. It affects both children and adolescents, most commonly females, and its clinical manifestations are quite variable. JAIH is progressive in nature and if left untreated may lead to cirrhosis and terminal liver failure. Although JAIH was first described almost 50 years ago, there have been few significant advances in the clinical management of these patients, both in terms of available diagnostic tools and therapeutic options. Aminotransferase activity, class G immunoglobulins and autoantibodies are the biomarkers used to diagnose AIH and monitor treatment response alongside clinical and histological findings. Despite their utility and cost-effectiveness, these biomarkers are neither an accurate expression of AIH pathogenic mechanism nor a precise measure of treatment response. Current standard of care is mainly based on the administration of steroids and azathioprine. This combination of drugs has been proven effective in inducing remission of disease in the majority of patients dramatically improving their survival; however, it not only fails to restore tolerance to hepatic autoantigens, but it also does not halt disease progression in some patients, it is often needed life-long and finally, it has deleterious side-effects. The ideal therapy should be enough selective to contrast immune-mediated live damage while preserving or potentiating the ability to develop permanent tolerance vs. pathogenic autoantigens. By reviewing the state of the art literature, this article highlights novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for managing pediatric AIH with a special focus on new strategies of immunotherapy. These promising tools could improve the diagnostic algorithm, more accurately predict disease prognosis, and provide targeted, individualized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Sciveres
- Pediatric Hepatology and Liver Transplantation, ISMETT-University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Silvia Nastasio
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Giuseppe Maggiore
- Pediatric Hepatology and Liver Transplantation, ISMETT-University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Italy, Palermo, Italy.,Section of Pediatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Rauhamäki S, Postila PA, Lätti S, Niinivehmas S, Multamäki E, Liedl KR, Pentikäinen OT. Discovery of Retinoic Acid-Related Orphan Receptor γt Inverse Agonists via Docking and Negative Image-Based Screening. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:6259-6266. [PMID: 30023945 PMCID: PMC6044741 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) has a vital role in the differentiation of T-helper 17 (TH17) cells. Potent and specific RORγt inverse agonists are sought for treating TH17-related diseases such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and type 1 diabetes. Here, the aim was to discover novel RORγt ligands using both standard molecular docking and negative image-based screening. Interestingly, both of these in silico techniques put forward mostly the same compounds for experimental testing. In total, 11 of the 34 molecules purchased for testing were verified as RORγt inverse agonists, thus making the effective hit rate 32%. The pIC50 values for the compounds varied from 4.9 (11 μM) to 6.2 (590 nM). Importantly, the fact that the verified hits represent four different cores highlights the structural diversity of the RORγt inverse agonism and the ability of the applied screening methodologies to facilitate much-desired scaffold hopping for drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Rauhamäki
- Department
of Biological and Environmental Science & Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, Jyväskylä FI-40014 University of Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Pekka A. Postila
- Department
of Biological and Environmental Science & Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, Jyväskylä FI-40014 University of Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Sakari Lätti
- Department
of Biological and Environmental Science & Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, Jyväskylä FI-40014 University of Jyvaskyla, Finland
- Institute
of Biomedicine, Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Kiinamyllynkatu 10 C6, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Sanna Niinivehmas
- Department
of Biological and Environmental Science & Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, Jyväskylä FI-40014 University of Jyvaskyla, Finland
- Institute
of Biomedicine, Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Kiinamyllynkatu 10 C6, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Elina Multamäki
- Department
of Biological and Environmental Science & Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, Jyväskylä FI-40014 University of Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Klaus R. Liedl
- Institute
of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Centre for Chemistry
and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Olli T. Pentikäinen
- Department
of Biological and Environmental Science & Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, Jyväskylä FI-40014 University of Jyvaskyla, Finland
- Institute
of Biomedicine, Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Kiinamyllynkatu 10 C6, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Institute
of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Centre for Chemistry
and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- E-mail: (O.T.P.)
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15
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Han HS, Oh EH, Jung YS, Han SB. Photoredox-Catalyzed Trifluoromethylative Intramolecular Cyclization: Synthesis of CF3-Containing Heterocyclic Compounds. Org Lett 2018; 20:1698-1702. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Sik Han
- Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeongro, Yuseong, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio and Drug Discovery, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeongro, Yuseong, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hye Oh
- Division of Bio and Drug Discovery, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeongro, Yuseong, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sik Jung
- Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeongro, Yuseong, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio and Drug Discovery, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeongro, Yuseong, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Bong Han
- Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeongro, Yuseong, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio and Drug Discovery, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeongro, Yuseong, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
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16
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Zhang W, Chen P, Liu G. Copper-Catalyzed Arylation of Benzylic C–H bonds with Alkylarenes as the Limiting Reagents. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:7709-7712. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b03781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Pinhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guosheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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17
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Discovery and structural optimization of 4-(4-(benzyloxy)phenyl)-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones as RORc inverse agonists. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:1516-1524. [PMID: 27374490 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan nuclear receptors (RORs) are orphan nuclear receptors that show constitutive activity in the absence of ligands. Among 3 subtypes of RORs, RORc is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of Th17-mediated autoimmune diseases. Here, we report novel RORc inverse agonists discovered through structure-based drug design. METHODS Based on the structure of compound 8, a previously described agonist of RORa, a series of 4-(4-(benzyloxy)phenyl)-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one derivatives were designed and synthesized. The interaction between the compounds and RORc was detected at molecular level using AlphaScreen assay. The compounds were further examined in 293T cells transfected with RORc and luciferase reporter gene. Thermal stability shift assay was used to evaluate the effects of the compounds on protein stability. RESULTS A total of 27 derivatives were designed and synthesized. Among them, the compound 22b was identified as the most potent RORc inverse agonist. Its IC50 values were 2.39 μmol/L in AlphaScreen assay, and 0.82 μmol/L in inhibition of the cell-based luciferase reporter activity. Furthermore, the compound 22b displayed a 120-fold selectivity for RORc over other nuclear receptors. Moreover, a molecular docking study showed that the structure-activity relationship was consistent with the binding mode of compound 22b in RORc. CONCLUSION 4-(4-(Benzyloxy)phenyl)-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one derivatives are promising candidates for the treatment of Th17-mediated autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and multiple sclerosis.
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18
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Synthesis of enantiomerically enriched 4-aryl-3,4-dihydrocoumarins (microreview). Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-016-1922-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Hirata K, Kotoku M, Seki N, Maeba T, Maeda K, Hirashima S, Sakai T, Obika S, Hori A, Hase Y, Yamaguchi T, Katsuda Y, Hata T, Miyagawa N, Arita K, Nomura Y, Asahina K, Aratsu Y, Kamada M, Adachi T, Noguchi M, Doi S, Crowe P, Bradley E, Steensma R, Tao H, Fenn M, Babine R, Li X, Thacher S, Hashimoto H, Shiozaki M. SAR Exploration Guided by LE and Fsp(3): Discovery of a Selective and Orally Efficacious RORγ Inhibitor. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:23-7. [PMID: 26819660 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel series of RORγ inhibitors was identified starting with the HTS hit 1. After SAR investigation based on a prospective consideration of two drug-likeness metrics, ligand efficiency (LE) and fraction of sp(3) carbon atoms (Fsp(3)), significant improvement of metabolic stability as well as reduction of CYP inhibition was observed, which finally led to discovery of a selective and orally efficacious RORγ inhibitor 3z.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Masafumi Kamada
- Pharmaceutical Frontier
Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-13-2, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Adachi
- Pharmaceutical Frontier
Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-13-2, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Masato Noguchi
- Pharmaceutical Frontier
Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-13-2, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Satoki Doi
- Pharmaceutical Frontier
Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-13-2, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Paul Crowe
- Orphagen Pharmaceuticals, 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite
4, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Erin Bradley
- Orphagen Pharmaceuticals, 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite
4, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Ruo Steensma
- Orphagen Pharmaceuticals, 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite
4, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Haiyan Tao
- Orphagen Pharmaceuticals, 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite
4, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Morgan Fenn
- Orphagen Pharmaceuticals, 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite
4, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Robert Babine
- Orphagen Pharmaceuticals, 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite
4, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Orphagen Pharmaceuticals, 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite
4, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Scott Thacher
- Orphagen Pharmaceuticals, 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite
4, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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20
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Chao J, Enyedy I, Van Vloten K, Marcotte D, Guertin K, Hutchings R, Powell N, Jones H, Bohnert T, Peng CC, Silvian L, Hong VS, Little K, Banerjee D, Peng L, Taveras A, Viney JL, Fontenot J. Discovery of biaryl carboxylamides as potent RORγ inverse agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:2991-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Therapeutic Potential of IL-17-Mediated Signaling Pathway in Autoimmune Liver Diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:436450. [PMID: 26146463 PMCID: PMC4471389 DOI: 10.1155/2015/436450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence reveals that various cytokines and tissue microenvironments contribute to liver inflammation and autoimmunity, and IL-17 family is one of highlights acknowledged. Although the implication of IL-17 family in most common autoimmune diseases (such as psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, and rheumatoid arthritis) has been extensively characterized, the role of this critical family in pathophysiology of autoimmune liver diseases (AILD) still needs to be clarified. In the review, we look into the intriguing biology of IL-17 family and further dissect on the intricate role of IL-17-mediated pathway in AILD. Considering encouraging data from preclinical and clinical trials, IL-17 targeted therapy has shown promises in several certain autoimmune conditions. However, blocking IL-17-mediated pathway is just beginning, and more fully investigation and reflection are required. Taking together, targeting IL-17-mediated responses may open up new areas of potential clinical treatment for AILD.
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22
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Discovery of 1,3-dihydro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole 2,2-dioxide analogs as new RORC modulators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:1892-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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23
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ROR nuclear receptors: structures, related diseases, and drug discovery. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2015; 36:71-87. [PMID: 25500868 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2014.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) are ligand-regulated transcription factors that regulate metabolism, development and immunity. The NR superfamily is one of the major classes of drug targets for human diseases. Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor (ROR) α, β and γ belong to the NR superfamily, and these receptors are still considered as 'orphan' receptors because the identification of their endogenous ligands has been controversial. Recent studies have demonstrated that these receptors are regulated by synthetic ligands, thus emerge as important drug targets for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, etc. Studying the structural basis and ligand development of RORs will pave the way for a better understanding of the roles of these receptors in human diseases. Here, we review the structural basis, disease relevance, strategies for ligand identification, and current status of development of therapeutic ligands for RORs.
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24
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Yu YY, Ranade AR, Georg GI. Transition Metal-Free Direct Trifluoromethylation of 2,3-Dihydropyridin-4(1H)-ones at Room Temperature. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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25
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Nishiyama Y, Nakamura M, Misawa T, Nakagomi M, Makishima M, Ishikawa M, Hashimoto Y. Structure-activity relationship-guided development of retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor gamma (RORγ)-selective inverse agonists with a phenanthridin-6(5H)-one skeleton from a liver X receptor ligand. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:2799-808. [PMID: 24702856 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptors (RORs), which belong to the nuclear receptor superfamily, regulate many physiological processes, including hepatic gluconeogenesis, lipid metabolism, immune function and circadian rhythm. Since RORs resemble liver X receptors (LXRs) in the fold structure of their ligand-binding domains, we speculated that ROR-mediated transcription might be modulated by LXR ligands, in line with the multi-template hypothesis. Therefore, we screened our LXR ligand library for compounds with ROR ligand activity and identified a novel ROR ligand with a phenanthridin-6(5H)-one skeleton. Structure-activity relationship studies aimed at separating ROR inverse agonistic activity from LXR-agonistic activity enabled us to develop a series of ROR inverse agonists based on the phenanthridin-6(5H)-one skeleton, including a RORγ-selective inverse agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Nishiyama
- Institute of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Masahiko Nakamura
- Institute of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Takashi Misawa
- Institute of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Madoka Nakagomi
- Department of Biology, Research Foundation Itsuu Laboratory, 2-28-10 Tamagawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-0094, Japan
| | - Makoto Makishima
- Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Minoru Ishikawa
- Institute of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.
| | - Yuichi Hashimoto
- Institute of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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26
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Isono F, Fujita-Sato S, Ito S. Inhibiting RORγt/Th17 axis for autoimmune disorders. Drug Discov Today 2014; 19:1205-11. [PMID: 24792721 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2014.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The recent success reported in late-stage clinical trials for the treatment of psoriasis by antibodies directed against interleukin (IL)-17 or its receptor has validated and strongly supports the development of inhibitors of the IL-17 pathway as a new therapeutic modality in chronic inflammation and autoimmunity. These results also encourage the drug discovery of orally available small molecules that can modulate down the production of IL-17 by Th17 cells (the major IL-17 producers) or the downstream signaling of the IL-17 receptor. Here, we review these strategies with an emphasis on inhibiting the retinoic-acid-related orphan nuclear receptor RORγt, which is the master regulator of Th17 cells and a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of multiple autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujio Isono
- Frontier Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-3710, Japan.
| | - Saori Fujita-Sato
- Oncology Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-3710, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Ito
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Technology Unit, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan
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27
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Fauber BP, Magnuson S. Modulators of the Nuclear Receptor Retinoic Acid Receptor-Related Orphan Receptor-γ (RORγ or RORc). J Med Chem 2014; 57:5871-92. [DOI: 10.1021/jm401901d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P. Fauber
- Discovery
Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Steven Magnuson
- Discovery
Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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28
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Dhar TGM, Zhao Q, Markby DW. Targeting the Nuclear Hormone Receptor RORγt for the Treatment of Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-417150-3.00012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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