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Ermann J, Matmusaev M, Haley EK, Braun C, Jost F, Mayer-Wrangowski S, Hsiao P, Ting N, Li L, Terenzio D, Chime J, Lukas S, Patnaude L, Panzenbeck M, Csordas D, Zheng J, Mierz D, Simpson T, King FJ, Klimowicz AP, Mbow ML, Fine JS, Miller CA, Fogal SE, Byrne FR. The potent and selective RIPK2 inhibitor BI 706039 improves intestinal inflammation in the TRUC mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 321:G500-G512. [PMID: 34494462 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00163.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mouse and human data implicate the NOD1 and NOD2 sensors of the intestinal microbiome and the associated signal transduction via the receptor interacting protein kinase 2 (RIPK2) as a potential key signaling node for the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and an attractive target for pharmacological intervention. The TRUC mouse model of IBD was strongly indicated for evaluating RIPK2 antagonism for its effect on intestinal inflammation based on previous knockout studies with NOD1, NOD2, and RIPK2. We identified and profiled the BI 706039 molecule as a potent and specific functional inhibitor of both human and mouse RIPK2 and with favorable pharmacokinetic properties. We dosed BI 706039 in the spontaneous TRUC mouse model from age 28 to 56 days. Oral, daily administration of BI 706039 caused dose-responsive and significant improvement in colonic histopathological inflammation, colon weight, and terminal levels of protein-normalized fecal lipocalin (all P values <0.001). These observations correlated with dose responsively increasing systemic levels of the BI 706039 compound, splenic molecular target engagement of RIPK2, and modulation of inflammatory genes in the colon. This demonstrates that a relatively low oral dose of a potent and selective RIPK2 inhibitor can modulate signaling in the intestinal immune system and significantly improve disease associated intestinal inflammation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The RIPK2 kinase at the apex of microbiome immunosensing is an attractive target for pharmacological intervention. A low oral dose of a RIPK2 inhibitor leads to significantly improved intestinal inflammation in the murine TRUC model of colitis. A selective and potent inhibitor of the RIPK2 kinase may represent a new class of therapeutics that target microbiome-driven signaling for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Ermann
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mederbek Matmusaev
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Emma K Haley
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Clemens Braun
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Biberach, Germany
| | - Felix Jost
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Biberach, Germany
| | - Svenja Mayer-Wrangowski
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Biberach, Germany
| | - Peng Hsiao
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Biberach, Germany
| | - Naitee Ting
- Department of Global Computational Biology and Data Sciences, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Li Li
- Department of Global Computational Biology and Data Sciences, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Donna Terenzio
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Jane Chime
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Susan Lukas
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Lori Patnaude
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Mark Panzenbeck
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - David Csordas
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Diane Mierz
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Tom Simpson
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - F James King
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Alex P Klimowicz
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - M Lamine Mbow
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Jay S Fine
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Craig A Miller
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Steve E Fogal
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Fergus R Byrne
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Ridgefield, Connecticut
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2
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Taylor SJ, Abeywardane A, Liang S, Xiong Z, Proudfoot JR, Farmer BS, Gao DA, Heim-Riether A, Smith-Keenan LL, Muegge I, Yu Y, Zhang Q, Souza D, Panzenbeck M, Goldberg D, Hill-Drzewi M, Margarit M, Collins B, Li JX, Zuvela-Jelaska L, Li J, Farrow NA. Indole Inhibitors of MMP-13 for Arthritic Disorders. ACS Omega 2021; 6:18635-18650. [PMID: 34337203 PMCID: PMC8319936 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Here, we described the design, by fragment merging and multiparameter optimization, of selective MMP-13 inhibitors that display an appropriate balance of potency and physicochemical properties to qualify as tool compounds suitable for in vivo testing. Optimization of potency was guided by structure-based insights, specifically to replace an ester moiety and introduce polar directional hydrogen bonding interactions in the core of the molecule. By introducing polar enthalpic interactions in this series of inhibitors, the overall beneficial physicochemical properties were maintained. These physicochemical properties translated to excellent drug-like properties beyond potency. In a murine model of rheumatoid arthritis, treatment of mice with selective inhibitors of MMP-13 resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the mean arthritic score vs control when dosed over a 14 day period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Taylor
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Asitha Abeywardane
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Shuang Liang
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Zhaoming Xiong
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - John R. Proudfoot
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Bennett Sandy Farmer
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Donghong A. Gao
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Alexander Heim-Riether
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Lana Louise Smith-Keenan
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Ingo Muegge
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Yang Yu
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Donald Souza
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Mark Panzenbeck
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Daniel Goldberg
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Melissa Hill-Drzewi
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Mariana Margarit
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Brandon Collins
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - John Xiang Li
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Ljiljana Zuvela-Jelaska
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Jun Li
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Neil A. Farrow
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
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3
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Shan D, Zheng J, Klimowicz A, Panzenbeck M, Liu Z, Feng D. Deep learning for discovering pathological continuum of crypts and evaluating therapeutic effects: An implication for in vivo preclinical study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252429. [PMID: 34125849 PMCID: PMC8202954 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Applying deep learning to the field of preclinical in vivo studies is a new and exciting prospect with the potential to unlock decades worth of underutilized data. As a proof of concept, we performed a feasibility study on a colitis model treated with Sulfasalazine, a drug used in therapeutic care of inflammatory bowel disease. We aimed to evaluate the colonic mucosa improvement associated with the recovery response of the crypts, a complex histologic structure reflecting tissue homeostasis and repair in response to inflammation. Our approach requires robust image segmentation of objects of interest from whole slide images, a composite low dimensional representation of the typical or novel morphological variants of the segmented objects, and exploration of image features of significance towards biology and treatment efficacy. Both interpretable features (eg. counts, area, distance and angle) as well as statistical texture features calculated using Gray Level Co-Occurance Matrices (GLCMs), are shown to have significance in analysis. Ultimately, this analytic framework of supervised image segmentation, unsupervised learning, and feature analysis can be generally applied to preclinical data. We hope our report will inspire more efforts to utilize deep learning in preclinical in vivo studies and ultimately make the field more innovative and efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechao Shan
- Global Computational Biology and Digital Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Jie Zheng
- Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Alexander Klimowicz
- Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Mark Panzenbeck
- Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Zheng Liu
- Global Computational Biology and Digital Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Di Feng
- Global Computational Biology and Digital Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States of America
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Harcken C, Csengery J, Turner M, Wu L, Liang S, Sibley R, Brunette S, Labadia M, Hoyt K, Wayne A, Wieckowski T, Davis G, Panzenbeck M, Souza D, Kugler S, Terenzio D, Collin D, Smith D, Fryer RM, Tseng YC, Hehn JP, Fletcher K, Hughes RO. Discovery of a Series of Pyrazinone RORγ Antagonists and Identification of the Clinical Candidate BI 730357. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:143-154. [PMID: 33488976 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The interleukin (IL)-23/T helper (Th)17 axis plays a critical role in autoimmune diseases, and there is an increasing number of biologic therapies that target IL-23 and IL-17. The transcription factor retinoic acid receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor γt (RORγt) is important for the activation and differentiation of Th17 cells and thus is an attractive pharmacologic target for the treatment of Th17-mediated diseases. A novel series of pyrazinone RORγ antagonists was discovered through hybridization of two distinct screening hits and scaffold hopping. The series offers attractive potency and selectivity in combination with favorable druglike properties, such as metabolic stability and aqueous solubility. Lead optimization identified a clinical candidate, compound (S)-11 (BI 730357), for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Harcken
- Department of R&D Project Management and Development Strategies, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Johanna Csengery
- Department of Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Michael Turner
- Department of Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Lifen Wu
- Department of Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Robert Sibley
- Department of Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Steven Brunette
- Department of Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Mark Labadia
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Kathleen Hoyt
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Anita Wayne
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Thomas Wieckowski
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Gregg Davis
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Mark Panzenbeck
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Donald Souza
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Stanley Kugler
- Department of Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Donna Terenzio
- Department of Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Delphine Collin
- Department of Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Dustin Smith
- Department of Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Ryan M. Fryer
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Yin-Chao Tseng
- Department of Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Jörg P. Hehn
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Germany, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Kim Fletcher
- Department of Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Robert O. Hughes
- Department of Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
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Wohnhaas CT, Schmid R, Rolser M, Kaaru E, Langgartner D, Rieber K, Strobel B, Eisele C, Wiech F, Jakob I, Gantner F, Herichova I, Vinisko R, Böcher WO, Visvanathan S, Shen F, Panzenbeck M, Raymond E, Reber SO, Delić D, Baum P. Fecal MicroRNAs Show Promise as Noninvasive Crohn's Disease Biomarkers. Crohns Colitis 360 2020; 2:otaa003. [PMID: 32551441 PMCID: PMC7291945 DOI: 10.1093/crocol/otaa003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Short non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in various cellular processes during disease progression of Crohn’s disease (CD) and remarkably stable in feces, which make them attractive biomarker candidates for reflecting intestinal inflammatory processes. Here we investigated the potential of fecal miRNAs as noninvasive and translational CD biomarkers. Methods MiRNAs were screened in feces of 52 patients with CD and 15 healthy controls using RNA sequencing and the results were confirmed by PCR. The relationship between fecal miRNA levels and the clinical CD activity index (CDAI) or CD endoscopic index of severity (CDEIS) was explored, respectively. Additionally, fecal miRNAs were investigated in dextran sodium sulfate, adoptive T-cell transfer, and Helicobacter typhlonius/stress-induced murine colitis models using the NanoString platform. Results Nine miRNAs (miR-15a-5p, miR-16-5p, miR-128-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-24-3p, miR-27a-3p, miR-223-3p, miR-223-5p, and miR-3074-5p) were significantly (adj. P < 0.05, >3-fold) increased whereas 8 miRNAs (miR-10a-5p, miR-10b-5p, miR-141-3p, miR-192-5p, miR-200a-3p, miR-375, miR-378a-3p, and let-7g-5p) were significantly decreased in CD. MiR-192-5p, miR-375, and miR-141-3p correlated (P < 0.05) with both CDAI and CDEIS whereas miR-15a-5p correlated only with CDEIS. Deregulated expression of miR-223-3p, miR-16-5p, miR-15a-5p, miR-24-3p, and miR-200a-3p was also observed in murine models. The identified altered fecal miRNA levels reflect pathophysiological mechanisms in CD, such as Th1 and Th17 inflammation, autophagy, and fibrotic processes. Conclusions Our translational study assessed global fecal miRNA changes of patients with CD and relevant preclinical models. These fecal miRNAs show promise as translational and clinically useful noninvasive biomarkers for mechanistic investigation of intestinal pathophysiology, including monitoring of disease progression. MicroRNAs are involved in disease progression of Crohn’s disease (CD). This study identified significantly altered fecal levels of 17 microRNAs in CD compared to healthy subjects. These microRNAs reflect pathophysiological mechanisms and show promise as clinically useful, noninvasive CD biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramona Schmid
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Marcel Rolser
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Eric Kaaru
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Dominik Langgartner
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kathrin Rieber
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | | | - Claudia Eisele
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Franziska Wiech
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Ines Jakob
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | | | | | - Richard Vinisko
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Wulf O Böcher
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Ingelheim, Germany
| | | | - Fei Shen
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mark Panzenbeck
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ernest Raymond
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Stefan O Reber
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Denis Delić
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Patrick Baum
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
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6
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Bassolas-Molina H, Raymond E, Labadia M, Wahle J, Ferrer-Picón E, Panzenbeck M, Zheng J, Harcken C, Hughes R, Turner M, Smith D, Calderón-Gómez E, Esteller M, Carrasco A, Esteve M, Dotti I, Corraliza AM, Masamunt MC, Arajol C, Guardiola J, Ricart E, Nabozny G, Salas A. An RORγt Oral Inhibitor Modulates IL-17 Responses in Peripheral Blood and Intestinal Mucosa of Crohn's Disease Patients. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2307. [PMID: 30405600 PMCID: PMC6204372 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Despite the negative results of blocking IL-17 in Crohn's disease (CD) patients, selective modulation of Th17-dependent responses warrants further study. Inhibition of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gamma (RORγt), the master regulator of the Th17 signature, is currently being explored in inflammatory diseases. Our aim was to determine the effect of a novel oral RORγt antagonist (BI119) in human CD and on an experimental model of intestinal inflammation. Methods: 51 CD patients and 11 healthy subjects were included. The effects of BI119 were tested on microbial-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), intestinal crypts and biopsies from CD patients. The ability of BI119 to prevent colitis in vivo was assessed in the CD4+CD45RBhigh T cell transfer model. Results: In bacterial antigen-stimulated PBMCs from CD patients, BI119 inhibits Th17-related genes and proteins, while upregulating Treg and preserving Th1 and Th2 signatures. Intestinal crypts cultured with supernatants from BI119-treated commensal-specific CD4+ T cells showed decreased expression of CXCL1, CXCL8 and CCL20. BI119 significantly reduced IL17 and IL26 transcription in colonic and ileal CD biopsies and did not affect IL22. BI119 has a more profound effect in ileal CD with additional significant downregulation of IL23R, CSF2, CXCL1, CXCL8, and S100A8, and upregulation of DEFA5. BI119 significantly prevented development of clinical, macroscopic and molecular markers of colitis in the T-cell transfer model. Conclusions: BI119 modulated CD-relevant Th17 signatures, including downregulation of IL23R while preserving mucosa-associated IL-22 responses, and abrogated experimental colitis. Our results provide support to the use of RORγt antagonists as a novel therapy to CD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ernest Raymond
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, United States
| | - Mark Labadia
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, United States
| | - Joseph Wahle
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, United States
| | - Elena Ferrer-Picón
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mark Panzenbeck
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, United States
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, United States
| | - Christian Harcken
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, United States
| | - Robert Hughes
- Department of Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, United States
| | - Michael Turner
- Department of Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, United States
| | - Dustin Smith
- Department of Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, United States
| | | | - Míriam Esteller
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Carrasco
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Esteve
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabella Dotti
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Maria Corraliza
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Carme Masamunt
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clàudia Arajol
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Guardiola
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Ricart
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerald Nabozny
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, United States
| | - Azucena Salas
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Chalmers SA, Glynn E, Garcia SJ, Panzenbeck M, Pelletier J, Dimock J, Seccareccia E, Bosanac T, Khalil S, Harcken C, Webb D, Nabozny G, Fine JS, Souza D, Klein E, Herlitz L, Ramanujam M, Putterman C. BTK inhibition ameliorates kidney disease in spontaneous lupus nephritis. Clin Immunol 2018; 197:205-218. [PMID: 30339790 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lupus nephritis is a common disease manifestation of SLE, in which immune complex deposition and macrophage activation are important contributors to disease pathogenesis. Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) plays an important role in both B cell and FcgammaR mediated myeloid cell activation. In the current study, we examined the efficacy of BI-BTK-1, a recently described irreversible BTK inhibitor, in the classical NZB × NZW F1 (NZB/W) and MRL/lpr spontaneous mouse models of SLE. NZB/W mice were randomly assigned to a treatment (0.3 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg) or control group and began treatment at 22 weeks of age. The experimental setup was similar in MRL/lpr mice, but with a single treated (10 mg/kg, beginning at 8-9 weeks of age) and control group. A separate experiment was performed in the MRL/lpr strain to assess the ability of BI-BTK-1 to reverse established kidney disease. Early treatment with BI-BTK-1 significantly protected NZB/W and MRL/lpr mice from the development of proteinuria, correlating with significant renal histological protection, decreased anti-DNA titers, and increased survival in both strains. BI-BTK-1 treated mice displayed a significant decrease in nephritis-associated inflammatory mediators (e.g. LCN2 and IL-6) in the kidney, combined with a significant inhibition of immune cell infiltration and accumulation. Importantly, BI-BTK-1 treatment resulted in the reversal of established kidney disease. BTK inhibition significantly reduced total B cell numbers and all B cell subsets (immature, transitional, follicular, marginal zone, and class switched) in the spleen of NZB/W mice. Overall, the significant efficacy of BI-BTK-1 in ameliorating multiple pathological endpoints associated with kidney disease in two distinct murine models of spontaneous lupus nephritis provides a strong rationale for BTK inhibition as a promising treatment approach for lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A Chalmers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth Glynn
- Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT, USA.
| | - Sayra J Garcia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Mark Panzenbeck
- Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT, USA.
| | - Josephine Pelletier
- Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT, USA.
| | - Janice Dimock
- Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT, USA.
| | - Elise Seccareccia
- Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT, USA; Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT, USA.
| | - Todd Bosanac
- Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT, USA.
| | - Sara Khalil
- Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT, USA.
| | - Christian Harcken
- Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT, USA.
| | - Deborah Webb
- Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT, USA.
| | - Gerald Nabozny
- Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT, USA.
| | - Jay S Fine
- Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT, USA.
| | - Donald Souza
- Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT, USA.
| | - Elliott Klein
- Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT, USA.
| | - Leal Herlitz
- Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Meera Ramanujam
- Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT, USA.
| | - Chaim Putterman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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8
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Ralph KLM, Panzenbeck M, Xiao H, Frego L, Bigwarfe T, Waltz E, Grimaldi C, Last-Barney K, Souza D, Brodeur S, Nabozny G, Fine JS, Distler JHW, Ramanujam M. Identification and characterization of an antagonistic anti-mouse CD40 antibody. The Journal of Immunology 2016. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.70.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Targeting CD40-CD40L interactions has been an interesting drug concept for the treatment of autoimmune diseases given this pathway’s role in the development of both humoral and cell mediated immune responses. While preclinical blockade of CD40L is well documented in various autoimmune animal models of disease, limited data exists for CD40 blockade due to lack of a truly antagonistic anti-mouse CD40 tool antibody (Ab). Here we describe the in vitro and in vivo characterization of a fully antagonistic anti-mouse CD40 monoclonal Ab (BI CD40-1); a chimeric rat Fv anti-mouse CD40 mAb engineered with a mouse IgG2a Fc containing mutations to abrogate Fcγ receptor binding. BI CD40-1 blocks molecular CD40-CD40L interactions (IC50 = 0.25 nM) and exhibits potent binding to CD40 expressed on mouse B cells (EC50 = 0.42 nM ± 0.08). In vitro profiling of BI CD40-1 using a mouse splenocyte proliferation assay confirmed potent antagonistic activity (IC50 = 0.27 nM ± 0.09) as well as absence of any agonistic properties (stimulation index < 2 @ 67 nM). Administration of BI CD40-1 to mice prior to ovalbumin (OVA) immunization resulted in dose-dependent blockade of OVA-specific IgG responses (100, 100, 74, 0% inhibition at 10, 3, 1, and 0.3 MPK; day 13) correlating with similar dose dependent receptor occupancy and inhibition of B cell activation as measured by ex vivo CD54 upregulation. Prophylactic dosing in cGVHD model of scleroderma showed dose dependent protection in disease development as seen by decreased dermal thickness, myofibroblast counts and collagen deposition. BI CD40-1 represents a novel fully antagonistic anti-mouse CD40 mAb, an important tool for mechanistic understanding of the therapeutic value of targeting of CD40 in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lee Frego
- 1Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc
| | | | | | | | | | - Don Souza
- 1Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc
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9
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Lamb DJ, Wollin SL, Schnapp A, Bischoff D, Erb KJ, Bouyssou T, Guilliard B, Strasser C, Wex E, Blum S, Thaler E, Nickel H, Radmacher O, Haas H, Swantek JL, Souza D, Canfield M, White D, Panzenbeck M, Kashem MA, Sanville-Ross M, Kono T, Sewald K, Braun A, Obernolte H, Danov O, Schaenzle G, Rast G, Maier GM, Hoffmann M. BI 1002494, a Novel Potent and Selective Oral Spleen Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, Displays Differential Potency in Human Basophils and B Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 357:554-61. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.233155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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10
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Lewis ND, Muthukumarana A, Fogal SE, Corradini L, Stefanopoulos DE, Adusumalli P, Pelletier J, Panzenbeck M, Berg K, Canfield M, Cook BN, Razavi H, Kuzmich D, Anderson S, Allard D, Harrison P, Grimaldi C, Souza D, Harcken C, Fryer RM, Modis LK, Brown ML. CCR1 plays a critical role in modulating pain through hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105883. [PMID: 25170619 PMCID: PMC4149507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is associated with immune cells infiltrating into the inflammatory site and pain. CC chemokine receptor 1 (CCR1) mediates trafficking of leukocytes to sites of inflammation. However, the contribution of CCR1 to pain is incompletely understood. Here we report an unexpected discovery that CCR1-mediated trafficking of neutrophils and CCR1 activity on non-hematopoietic cells both modulate pain. Using a genetic approach (CCR1−/− animals) and pharmacological inhibition of CCR1 with selective inhibitors, we show significant reductions in pain responses using the acetic acid-induced writhing and complete Freund's adjuvant-induced mechanical hyperalgesia models. Reductions in writhing correlated with reduced trafficking of myeloid cells into the peritoneal cavity. We show that CCR1 is highly expressed on circulating neutrophils and their depletion decreases acetic acid-induced writhing. However, administration of neutrophils into the peritoneal cavity did not enhance acetic acid-induced writhing in wild-type (WT) or CCR1−/− mice. Additionally, selective knockout of CCR1 in either the hematopoietic or non-hematopoietic compartments also reduced writhing. Together these data suggest that CCR1 functions to significantly modulate pain by controlling neutrophil trafficking to the inflammatory site and having an unexpected role on non-hematopoietic cells. As inflammatory diseases are often accompanied with infiltrating immune cells at the inflammatory site and pain, CCR1 antagonism may provide a dual benefit by restricting leukocyte trafficking and reducing pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuruddeen D. Lewis
- Department of Immunology & Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Akalushi Muthukumarana
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Steven E. Fogal
- Department of Immunology & Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Laura Corradini
- Department of CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Dimitria E. Stefanopoulos
- Department of Immunology & Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Prathima Adusumalli
- Department of Immunology & Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Josephine Pelletier
- Department of Immunology & Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Mark Panzenbeck
- Department of Immunology & Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Karen Berg
- Department of Immunology & Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Melissa Canfield
- Department of Immunology & Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Brian N. Cook
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Hossein Razavi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Daniel Kuzmich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Shawn Anderson
- Department of Immunology & Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Devan Allard
- Department of Immunology & Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Paul Harrison
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Christine Grimaldi
- Department of Integrative Toxicology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Donald Souza
- Department of Immunology & Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Christian Harcken
- Department of Immunology & Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Ryan M. Fryer
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Louise K. Modis
- Department of Immunology & Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Maryanne L. Brown
- Department of Immunology & Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States of America
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11
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Razavi H, Riether D, Harcken C, Bentzien J, Dinallo RM, Souza D, Nelson RM, Kukulka A, Fadra-Khan TN, Pack EJ, Zuvela-Jelaska L, Pelletier J, Panzenbeck M, Torcellini CA, Proudfoot JR, Nabozny GH, Thomson DS. Discovery of a potent and dissociated non-steroidal glucocorticoid receptor agonist containing an alkyl carbinol pharmacophore. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:1934-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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12
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Noonan T, Lukas S, Peet GW, Pelletier J, Panzenbeck M, Hanidu A, Mazurek S, Wasti R, Rybina I, Roma T, Kronkaitis A, Shoultz A, Souza D, Jiang H, Nabozny G, Modis LK. The oxidase activity of vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is essential for function. Am J Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 2:172-185. [PMID: 23885334 PMCID: PMC3714173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases and is suggested to play a role in immune cell trafficking. It is not clear whether this effect is mediated by the oxidase activity or by other features of the protein such as direct adhesion. In order to study the role of VAP-1 oxidase activity in vivo, we have generated mice carrying an oxidase activity-null VAP-1 protein. We demonstrate that the VAP-1 oxidase null mutant mice have a phenotype similar to the VAP-1 null mice in animal models of sterile peritonitis and antibody induced arthritis suggesting that the oxidase activity is responsible for the inflammatory function of VAP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Noonan
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, CT 06877
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13
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Betageri R, Gilmore T, Kuzmich D, Kirrane TM, Bentzien J, Wiedenmayer D, Bekkali Y, Regan J, Berry A, Latli B, Kukulka AJ, Fadra TN, Nelson RM, Goldrick S, Zuvela-Jelaska L, Souza D, Pelletier J, Dinallo R, Panzenbeck M, Torcellini C, Lee H, Pack E, Harcken C, Nabozny G, Thomson DS. Non-steroidal dissociated glucocorticoid agonists: indoles as A-ring mimetics and function-regulating pharmacophores. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:6842-51. [PMID: 21963986 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2011] [Revised: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report a SAR of non-steroidal glucocorticoid mimetics that utilize indoles as A-ring mimetics. Detailed SAR is discussed with a focus on improving PR and MR selectivity, GR agonism, and in vitro dissociation profile. SAR analysis led to compound (R)-33 which showed high PR and MR selectivity, potent agonist activity, and reduced transactivation activity in the MMTV and aromatase assays. The compound is equipotent to prednisolone in the LPS-TNF model of inflammation. In mouse CIA, at 30 mg/kg compound (R)-33 inhibited disease progression with an efficacy similar to the 3 mg/kg dose of prednisolone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Betageri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA.
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14
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Riether D, Harcken C, Razavi H, Kuzmich D, Gilmore T, Bentzien J, Pack EJ, Souza D, Nelson RM, Kukulka A, Fadra TN, Zuvela-Jelaska L, Pelletier J, Dinallo R, Panzenbeck M, Torcellini C, Nabozny GH, Thomson DS. Nonsteroidal dissociated glucocorticoid agonists containing azaindoles as steroid A-ring mimetics. J Med Chem 2010; 53:6681-98. [PMID: 20735001 DOI: 10.1021/jm100751q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Syntheses and structure-activity relationships (SAR) of nonsteroidal glucocorticoid receptor (GR) agonists are described. These compounds contain azaindole moieties as A-ring mimetics and display various degrees of in vitro dissociation between gene transrepression and transactivation. Collagen induced arthritis studies in mouse have demonstrated that in vitro dissociated compounds (R)-16 and (R)-37 have steroid-like anti-inflammatory properties with improved metabolic side effect profiles, such as a reduced increase in body fat and serum insulin levels, compared to steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Riether
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, and Drug Discovery Support, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, USA.
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15
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Winquist RJ, Desai S, Fogal S, Haynes NA, Nabozny GH, Reilly PL, Souza D, Panzenbeck M. The role of leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 in animal models of inflammation. Eur J Pharmacol 2001; 429:297-302. [PMID: 11698049 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(01)01328-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Both preclinical and clinical data have identified leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) as an important component of inflammatory disease states. We evaluated small molecule inhibitors of this glycoprotein in several animal models in which the inflammatory process is dependent on human or non-human primate LFA-1. (R)-5(4-bromobenzyl)-3(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-1,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione, BIRT 377, effectively suppressed the production of human immunoglobulin (IgG) following reconstitution of severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The BIRT 377 analog, BIX 642, inhibited the cellular infiltrate and increase in skin thickness associated with the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction in previously immunized squirrel monkeys challenged with antigen. BIX 642 also inhibited the trans-vivo delayed-type hypersensitivity response in the footpads of SCID mice injected with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and donor-sensitive antigen. These results demonstrate the efficacy of small molecule inhibitors of LFA-1 in preclinical models of inflammation dependent on human or non-human primate LFA-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Winquist
- Department of Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, P.O. Box 368, Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA.
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16
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Simoneau B, Lavallée P, Anderson PC, Bailey M, Bantle G, Berthiaume S, Chabot C, Fazal G, Halmos T, Ogilvie WW, Poupart MA, Thavonekham B, Xin Z, Thibeault D, Bolger G, Panzenbeck M, Winquist R, Jung GL. Discovery of non-peptidic P2-P3 butanediamide renin inhibitors with high oral efficacy. Bioorg Med Chem 1999; 7:489-508. [PMID: 10220035 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(98)00265-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A new series of non-peptidic renin inhibitors having a 2-substituted butanediamide moiety at the P2 and P3 positions has been identified. The optimized inhibitors have IC50 values of 0.8 to 1.4 nM and 2.5 to 7.6 nM in plasma renin assays at pH 6.0 and 7.4, respectively. When evaluated in the normotensive cynomolgus monkey model, two of the most potent inhibitors were orally active at a dose as low as 3 mg/kg. These potent renin inhibitors are characterized by oral bioavailabilities of 40 and 89% in the cynomolgus monkey. Inhibitor 3z (BILA 2157 BS) was selected as candidate for pre-development.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Simoneau
- Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., Bio-Méga Research Division, Laval, Québec.
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17
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Panzenbeck M, Baez A, Kaley G. Prostaglandins participate in the renal vasodilation due to hydralazine in dogs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1986; 237:525-8. [PMID: 3084759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The authors studied the effects of bolus injections of hydralazine (500 micrograms) into the renal artery of chloralose-anesthetized dogs. In control dogs, hydralazine injection resulted in an increase in renal artery blood flow of 110 +/- 10.4 ml/min (53 +/- 4.7%) from 214 +/- 28 ml/min. In dogs that were pretreated with the alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist, prazosin (1 mg/kg), hydralazine injection increased renal blood flow by 95 +/- 22 ml/min (37 +/- 7.4%) from 253 +/- 19 ml/min, an increase not different from that found in control dogs. However, in dogs pretreated with indomethacin (5 mg/kg) or sodium meclofenamate (3 mg/kg), inhibitors of cyclooxygenase, hydralazine injection resulted in an increase in renal artery blood flow of only 44 +/- 5.3 ml/min (19 +/- 2.7%) from 235 +/- 23 ml/min, an increase significantly different from that in control dogs (P less than .05). The renal blood flow response to hydralazine injection developed slowly, reached a maximum in 20 min and was maintained for at least 1 hr. Arterial blood pressure, heart rate and descending aortic blood flow were not significantly changed after hydralazine injection. The authors conclude that hydralazine increases renal blood flow in dogs by a mechanism independent of alpha-1 adrenergic receptors and that this increase is, in large part, mediated by prostaglandin release.
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