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Theobald H, Bejarano DA, Katzmarski N, Haub J, Schulte-Schrepping J, Yu J, Bassler K, Ament AL, Osei-Sarpong C, Piattini F, Vornholz L, T'Jonck W, Györfi AH, Hayer H, Yu X, Sheoran S, Al Jawazneh A, Chakarov S, Haendler K, Brown GD, Williams DL, Bosurgi L, Distler JHW, Ginhoux F, Ruland J, Beyer MD, Greter M, Bain CC, Vazquez-Armendariz AI, Kopf M, Schultze JL, Schlitzer A. Apolipoprotein E controls Dectin-1-dependent development of monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages upon pulmonary β-glucan-induced inflammatory adaptation. Nat Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41590-024-01830-z. [PMID: 38671323 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01830-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The lung is constantly exposed to the outside world and optimal adaptation of immune responses is crucial for efficient pathogen clearance. However, mechanisms that lead to lung-associated macrophages' functional and developmental adaptation remain elusive. To reveal such mechanisms, we developed a reductionist model of environmental intranasal β-glucan exposure, allowing for the detailed interrogation of molecular mechanisms of pulmonary macrophage adaptation. Employing single-cell transcriptomics, high-dimensional imaging and flow cytometric characterization paired with in vivo and ex vivo challenge models, we reveal that pulmonary low-grade inflammation results in the development of apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-dependent monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages (ApoE+CD11b+ AMs). ApoE+CD11b+ AMs expressed high levels of CD11b, ApoE, Gpnmb and Ccl6, were glycolytic, highly phagocytic and produced large amounts of interleukin-6 upon restimulation. Functional differences were cell intrinsic, and myeloid cell-specific ApoE ablation inhibited Ly6c+ monocyte to ApoE+CD11b+ AM differentiation dependent on macrophage colony-stimulating factor secretion, promoting ApoE+CD11b+ AM cell death and thus impeding ApoE+CD11b+ AM maintenance. In vivo, β-glucan-elicited ApoE+CD11b+ AMs limited the bacterial burden of Legionella pneumophilia after infection and improved the disease outcome in vivo and ex vivo in a murine lung fibrosis model. Collectively these data identify ApoE+CD11b+ AMs generated upon environmental cues, under the control of ApoE signaling, as an essential determinant for lung adaptation enhancing tissue resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Theobald
- Quantitative Systems Biology, Life & Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - D A Bejarano
- Quantitative Systems Biology, Life & Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - N Katzmarski
- Quantitative Systems Biology, Life & Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - J Haub
- Quantitative Systems Biology, Life & Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - J Schulte-Schrepping
- Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - J Yu
- Quantitative Systems Biology, Life & Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - K Bassler
- Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - A L Ament
- University of Bonn, Transdisciplinary Research Area Life and Health, Organoid Biology, Life & Medical Sciences Institute, Bonn, Germany
| | - C Osei-Sarpong
- Immunogenomics & Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - F Piattini
- Institute of Molecular Health Science, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - L Vornholz
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - W T'Jonck
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A H Györfi
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Hiller Research Center, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - H Hayer
- Quantitative Systems Biology, Life & Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - X Yu
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Sheoran
- Quantitative Systems Biology, Life & Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - A Al Jawazneh
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Protozoa Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Chakarov
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai JiaoTong School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - K Haendler
- PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics at DZNE & University of Bonn and West German Genome Center, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, University of Luebeck & Kiel University, Luebeck, Germany
| | - G D Brown
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - D L Williams
- Department of Surgery and Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - L Bosurgi
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Protozoa Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J H W Distler
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Hiller Research Center, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - F Ginhoux
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai JiaoTong School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - J Ruland
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - M D Beyer
- Immunogenomics & Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
- PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics at DZNE & University of Bonn and West German Genome Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - M Greter
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C C Bain
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A I Vazquez-Armendariz
- University of Bonn, Transdisciplinary Research Area Life and Health, Organoid Biology, Life & Medical Sciences Institute, Bonn, Germany
| | - M Kopf
- Institute of Molecular Health Science, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - J L Schultze
- Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics at DZNE & University of Bonn and West German Genome Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - A Schlitzer
- Quantitative Systems Biology, Life & Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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Weiss M, Holzer MT, Muehlensiepen F, Ignatyev Y, Fiehn C, Bauhammer J, Schmidt J, Schlüter S, Dihkan A, Scheibner D, Schneider U, Valor-Mendez L, Corte G, Gupta L, Chinoy H, Lundberg I, Cavagna L, Distler JHW, Schett G, Knitza J. Healthcare utilization and unmet needs of patients with antisynthetase syndrome: An international patient survey. Rheumatol Int 2023; 43:1925-1934. [PMID: 37452880 PMCID: PMC10435645 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-023-05372-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Antisynthease syndrome (ASSD) is a rare, complex and understudied autoimmune disease. Internet-based studies can overcome barriers of traditional on-site research and are therefore very appealing for rare diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate patient-reported symptoms, diagnostic delay, symptoms, medical care, health status, working status, disease knowledge and willingness to participate in research of ASSD patients by conducting an international web-based survey. The multilingual questionnaire was created by an international group of rheumatologists and patients and distributed online. 236 participants from 22 countries completed the survey. 184/236 (78.0%) were female, mean age (SD) was 49.6 years (11.3) and most common antisynthetase antibody was Jo-1 (169/236, 71.6%). 79/236 (33.5%) reported to work full-time. Median diagnostic delay was one year. The most common symptom at disease onset was fatigue 159/236 (67.4%), followed by myalgia 130/236 (55.1%). The complete triad of myositis, arthritis and lung involvement verified by a clinician was present in 42/236 (17.8%) at disease onset and in 88/236 (37.3%) during the disease course. 36/236 (15.3%) reported to have been diagnosed with fibromyalgia and 40/236 (16.3%) with depression. The most reported immunosuppressive treatments were oral corticosteroids 179/236 (75.9%), followed by rituximab 85/236 (36.0%). 73/236 (30.9%) had received physiotherapy treatment. 71/236 (30.1%) reported to know useful online information sources related to ASSD. 223/236 (94.5%) were willing to share health data for research purposes once a year. Our results reiterate that internet-based research is invaluable for cooperating with patients to foster knowledge in rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - M T Holzer
- III. Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - F Muehlensiepen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Center for Health Services Research, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Rüdersdorf, Germany
| | - Y Ignatyev
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Center for Health Services Research, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Rüdersdorf, Germany
| | - C Fiehn
- Praxis für Rheumatologie, Klinische Immunologie, Medical Center, Baden-Baden, Germany
| | - J Bauhammer
- Praxis für Rheumatologie, Klinische Immunologie, Medical Center, Baden-Baden, Germany
| | - J Schmidt
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Rüdersdorf bei Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Pain Treatment, Center for Translational Medicine, Neuromuscular Center, Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf, University Hospital of the Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Rüdersdorf bei Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Center, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - S Schlüter
- Myositis-Gruppe, Deutsche Gesellschaft Für Muskelkranke, Freiburg, Germany
| | - A Dihkan
- The Swedish Working Group for Myositis, The Swedish Rheumatism Association, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Scheibner
- Myositis-Gruppe, Deutsche Gesellschaft Für Muskelkranke, Freiburg, Germany
| | - U Schneider
- Department of Rheumatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - L Valor-Mendez
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - G Corte
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - L Gupta
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal Wolverhampton Hospitals NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, UK
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Rheumatology, City Hospital, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - H Chinoy
- Department of Rheumatology, Salford Royal Hospital, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford, UK
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - I Lundberg
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dermatology and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Cavagna
- Rheumatology Division, Fondazione Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - J H W Distler
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - G Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Knitza
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen, Germany
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Duffy L, Henderson J, Brown M, Pryzborski S, Fullard N, Summa L, Distler JHW, Stratton R, O'Reilly S. Bone Morphogenetic Protein Antagonist Gremlin-1 Increases Myofibroblast Transition in Dermal Fibroblasts: Implications for Systemic Sclerosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:681061. [PMID: 34150776 PMCID: PMC8213337 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.681061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Systemic Sclerosis is an autoimmune connective tissue disease which results in fibrosis of the skin and lungs. The disease is characterized by activation of myofibroblasts but what governs this is unknown. Gremlin-1 is a BMP antagonist that is developmentally regulated and we sought to investigate its role in Systemic Sclerosis. Methods Dermal fibroblasts were transfected with Grem1pcDNA3.1 expression vectors or empty vectors. Various markers of myofibroblasts were measured at the mRNA and protein levels. Scratch wound assays were also performed. Media Transfer experiments were performed to evaluate cytokine like effects. Various inhibitors of TGF-β signaling and MAPK signaling were used post-transfection. siRNA to Gremlin-1 in SSc dermal fibroblasts were performed to evaluate the role of Gremlin-1. Different cytokines were incubated with fibroblasts and Gremlin-1 measured. Bleomycin was used as model of fibrosis and immunohistochemistry performed. Results Overexpression of Gremlin-1 was achieved in primary dermal fibroblasts and lead to activation of quiescent cells to myofibroblasts indicated by collagen and α-Smooth muscle actin. Overexpression also led to functional effects. This was associated with increased TGF-β1 levels and SBE luciferase activity but not increased Thrombospondin-1 expression. Inhibition of Gremlin-1 overexpression cells with antibodies to TGF-β1 but not isotype controls led to reduced collagen and various TGF-β pathway chemical inhibitors also led to reduced collagen levels. In SSc cells siRNA mediated reduction of Gremlin-1 reduced collagen expression and CTGF gene and protein levels in these cells. IL-13 did not lead to elevated Gremlin-1 expression nor did IL-11. Gremlin-1 was elevated in an animal model of fibrosis compared to NaCl-treated mice. Conclusion Gremlin-1 is a key regulator of myofibroblast transition leading to enhanced ECM deposition. Strategies that block Gremlin-1 maybe a possible therapeutic target in fibrotic diseases such as SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Duffy
- Faculty of Health and Life Science, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - John Henderson
- Faculty of Health and Life Science, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Max Brown
- Biosciences Department, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nicola Fullard
- Biosciences Department, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Lena Summa
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen-Nurnberg, Germany
| | - Jorg H W Distler
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen-Nurnberg, Germany
| | - Richard Stratton
- Centre for Rheumatology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steven O'Reilly
- Biosciences Department, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
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4
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Distler JHW. [New molecular mechanisms in the pathophysiology of rheumatic diseases]. Z Rheumatol 2018; 77:766-768. [PMID: 30382399 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-018-0543-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J H W Distler
- Medizinische Klinik 3 - Rheumatologie und Immunologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) und Universitätsklinik Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Deutschland.
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5
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Riemekasten G, Beissert S, Distler JHW, Kreuter A, Müller-Ladner U. [Digital ulcers in systemic sclerosis : A retrospective heath service study analysing treatment with bosentan and other vasoactive therapies]. Z Rheumatol 2016; 76:228-237. [PMID: 27535277 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-016-0177-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital ulcers (DU) affect up to 60 % of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and have a considerable impact on quality of life and morbidity. It is unclear to what extent authorised medicines are used, and if therapy guidelines are implemented in everyday practice. METHOD This retrospective health care study examined current standards of treatment for therapy and prevention of SSc-associated DU in an online survey with 83 physicians. Additionally, data from 161 case studies of SSc patients with DU were analysed, and the effect of DU treatment on the course of the disease determined. RESULTS For treatment and prevention of active DU, physicians predominantly indicated topical therapies, calcium channel blockers, iloprost and endothelin receptor antagonists. According to the case studies, 90 % of episodes with acute DU were treated with bosentan and iloprost in mono- or combination therapy. Preventive treatment was only administered during 50 % of episodes without DU, even after three or more phases with active DU. For the prevention of new DU, bosentan was used in mono- or combination therapy in 57 % of episodes without DU. Bosentan therapy during prevention shortened the following acute phase by 32 %. Additionally, continuous treatment with bosentan in acute and prevention phases reduced the duration of the following acute phase and increased the time to onset of new DU by 16 %. Moreover, bosentan stabilised the number of new DU. CONCLUSION In summary, these data confirm the efficacy of bosentan in preventing new DU when used in DU-free episodes and possibly also in phases of acute DU. Therapy recommendations for the treatment of DU are currently not fully implemented. In the future, even more attention should be paid to DU therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Riemekasten
- Campus Lübeck, Klinik für Rheumatologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Zentralklinikum (Haus 40), Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Deutschland.
| | - S Beissert
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - J H W Distler
- Medizinische Klinik 3, Rheumatologie und Immunologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Deutschland
| | - A Kreuter
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, HELIOS St. Elisabeth Klinik Oberhausen, Universität Witten-Herdecke, Oberhausen, Deutschland
| | - U Müller-Ladner
- Kerckhoff-Klinik GmbH, Rheumatologie u. klinische Immunologie, Osteologie, Physikalische Therapie, Justus-Liebig Universität Gießen, Bad Nauheim, Deutschland
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Ralph KLM, Panzenbeck M, Xiao H, Frego L, Bigwarfe T, Waltz E, Grimaldi C, Last-Barney K, Souza D, Brodeur S, Nabozny G, Fine JS, Distler JHW, Ramanujam M. Identification and characterization of an antagonistic anti-mouse CD40 antibody. The Journal of Immunology 2016. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.70.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Targeting CD40-CD40L interactions has been an interesting drug concept for the treatment of autoimmune diseases given this pathway’s role in the development of both humoral and cell mediated immune responses. While preclinical blockade of CD40L is well documented in various autoimmune animal models of disease, limited data exists for CD40 blockade due to lack of a truly antagonistic anti-mouse CD40 tool antibody (Ab). Here we describe the in vitro and in vivo characterization of a fully antagonistic anti-mouse CD40 monoclonal Ab (BI CD40-1); a chimeric rat Fv anti-mouse CD40 mAb engineered with a mouse IgG2a Fc containing mutations to abrogate Fcγ receptor binding. BI CD40-1 blocks molecular CD40-CD40L interactions (IC50 = 0.25 nM) and exhibits potent binding to CD40 expressed on mouse B cells (EC50 = 0.42 nM ± 0.08). In vitro profiling of BI CD40-1 using a mouse splenocyte proliferation assay confirmed potent antagonistic activity (IC50 = 0.27 nM ± 0.09) as well as absence of any agonistic properties (stimulation index < 2 @ 67 nM). Administration of BI CD40-1 to mice prior to ovalbumin (OVA) immunization resulted in dose-dependent blockade of OVA-specific IgG responses (100, 100, 74, 0% inhibition at 10, 3, 1, and 0.3 MPK; day 13) correlating with similar dose dependent receptor occupancy and inhibition of B cell activation as measured by ex vivo CD54 upregulation. Prophylactic dosing in cGVHD model of scleroderma showed dose dependent protection in disease development as seen by decreased dermal thickness, myofibroblast counts and collagen deposition. BI CD40-1 represents a novel fully antagonistic anti-mouse CD40 mAb, an important tool for mechanistic understanding of the therapeutic value of targeting of CD40 in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lee Frego
- 1Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc
| | | | | | | | | | - Don Souza
- 1Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc
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7
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Beyer C, Distler JHW. [Mechanisms of fibrosis and their translation into clinical aspects]. Z Rheumatol 2014; 73:458-60. [PMID: 24924732 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-013-1334-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Beyer
- Medizinische Klinik III und Institut für klinische Immunologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Deutschland,
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Allanore Y, Saad M, Dieudé P, Avouac J, Distler JHW, Amouyel P, Matucci-Cerinic M, Riemekasten G, Airo P, Melchers I, Hachulla E, Cusi D, Wichmann HE, Wipff J, Lambert JC, Hunzelmann N, Tiev K, Caramaschi P, Diot E, Kowal-Bielecka O, Valentini G, Mouthon L, Czirják L, Damjanov N, Salvi E, Conti C, Müller M, Müller-Ladner U, Riccieri V, Ruiz B, Cracowski JL, Letenneur L, Dupuy AM, Meyer O, Kahan A, Munnich A, Boileau C, Martinez M. Genome-wide scan identifies TNIP1, PSORS1C1, and RHOB as novel risk loci for systemic sclerosis. PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1002091. [PMID: 21750679 PMCID: PMC3131285 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an orphan, complex, inflammatory disease affecting the immune system and connective tissue. SSc stands out as a severely incapacitating and life-threatening inflammatory rheumatic disease, with a largely unknown pathogenesis. We have designed a two-stage genome-wide association study of SSc using case-control samples from France, Italy, Germany, and Northern Europe. The initial genome-wide scan was conducted in a French post quality-control sample of 564 cases and 1,776 controls, using almost 500 K SNPs. Two SNPs from the MHC region, together with the 6 loci outside MHC having at least one SNP with a P<10(-5) were selected for follow-up analysis. These markers were genotyped in a post-QC replication sample of 1,682 SSc cases and 3,926 controls. The three top SNPs are in strong linkage disequilibrium and located on 6p21, in the HLA-DQB1 gene: rs9275224, P = 9.18×10(-8), OR = 0.69, 95% CI [0.60-0.79]; rs6457617, P = 1.14×10(-7) and rs9275245, P = 1.39×10(-7). Within the MHC region, the next most associated SNP (rs3130573, P = 1.86×10(-5), OR = 1.36 [1.18-1.56]) is located in the PSORS1C1 gene. Outside the MHC region, our GWAS analysis revealed 7 top SNPs (P<10(-5)) that spanned 6 independent genomic regions. Follow-up of the 17 top SNPs in an independent sample of 1,682 SSc and 3,926 controls showed associations at PSORS1C1 (overall P = 5.70×10(-10), OR:1.25), TNIP1 (P = 4.68×10(-9), OR:1.31), and RHOB loci (P = 3.17×10(-6), OR:1.21). Because of its biological relevance, and previous reports of genetic association at this locus with connective tissue disorders, we investigated TNIP1 expression. A markedly reduced expression of the TNIP1 gene and also its protein product were observed both in lesional skin tissue and in cultured dermal fibroblasts from SSc patients. Furthermore, TNIP1 showed in vitro inhibitory effects on inflammatory cytokine-induced collagen production. The genetic signal of association with TNIP1 variants, together with tissular and cellular investigations, suggests that this pathway has a critical role in regulating autoimmunity and SSc pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Allanore
- Université Paris Descartes, Rhumatologie A, INSERM, U1016, Hôpital Cochin, APHP, Paris, France.
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Guiducci S, Ricci L, Romano E, Ceccarelli C, Distler JHW, Miniati I, Calabri GB, Distler O, Matucci Cerinic M, Falcini F. Microparticles and Kawasaki disease: a marker of vascular damage? Clin Exp Rheumatol 2011; 29:S121-S125. [PMID: 21385556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microparticles (MPs) are increased in diseases characterised by endothelial injury. Kawasaki disease (KD) damages the endothelium provoking life-threatening involvement of coronary arteries. OBJECTIVES To compare KD MPs vs. controls. METHODS. Thirty KD and 20 controls were enrolled. MPs were stained with monoclonal antibodies against platelets, endothelial cells (EC), monocytes, T and B cells, neutrophils, and quantified by FACS. RESULTS The total number of MPs was significantly increased in KD versus controls (193x105±0.6x105 vs. 94x105±0.9x105 million/ml plasma p=0.01) and vs. KD after IVIG therapy (132x105±0.4x105million/ml plasma p=0.01). EC and T cells were the major source of MPs in KD (72x105±1x105 vs. 3x105±0.9x105million/ml plasma for T cells p=0.005; 76x105±0.7x105 vs. 45x105±0.4x105 million/ml plasma for EC p<0.02) followed by MPs derived from platelets (13x105±0.3x105 vs. 3x105±0.9x105 million/ml plasma p=0.028). Cell-derived MPs B were 17x105±0.4x105 vs. 20x105±0.8x105million/ml plasma in controls (p=0.7). No significant differences were observed in KD MPs derived from monocytes and neutrophils. After IVIG administration, a significant decrease of MPs derived from platelets (3x105±0.2x105 million/ml plasma p=0.03), EC (9x105±0.4x105 million/ml plasma p=0.01), T cells (72x105±1x105 million/ml plasma p=0.02) and B cells (7x105±0.3x105 million/ml plasma p=0.02) was observed. CONCLUSIONS The number of KD MPs is significantly increased and EC and T cells are the major source. MPs may develop from endothelial damage and cell activation. Their role as markers of disease activity or as contributors to endothelial derangement in KD has to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Guiducci
- Department of BioMedicine, Division of Rheumatology, DENOThe Centre, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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Distler JHW. Are tyrosine kinase inhibitors promising for the treatment of systemic sclerosis and other fibrotic diseases? Swiss Med Wkly 2010. [DOI: 10.4414/smw.2010.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Distler JHW, Distler O. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of fibrotic diseases such as systemic sclerosis: towards molecular targeted therapies. Ann Rheum Dis 2009; 69 Suppl 1:i48-51. [DOI: 10.1136/ard.2009.120196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Guiducci S, Distler O, Distler JHW, Matucci-Cerinic M. Mechanisms of vascular damage in SSc--implications for vascular treatment strategies. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2009; 47 Suppl 5:v18-20. [PMID: 18784130 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ken267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular abnormalities are a major component of SSc, but little is known about the events or mechanisms that initiate vascular injury and prevent its repair. In SSc, angiogenesis is incomplete or lacking despite the increased expression of a large array of pro-angiogenic factors such as VEGF. Conflicting results have recently been published concerning the presence and role of vasculogenesis and circulating endothelial progenitor cells in SSc. It remains to be established if these endothelial progenitor cells are a marker of endothelial disease or a cause of insufficient vascular repair. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may be an alternative source for endothelial progenitor cells, and it has been observed that the angiogenic potential of endothelial-like MSCs is reduced. Other mechanisms of vascular damage include oxidative stress and factors released from activated platelets. In addition, growth factors such as ET-1 and PDGF induce proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells resulting in intimal thickening. For the development of new therapeutic strategies, it is important to realize that the different vascular pathologies--uncompensated loss of capillaries on one hand and vascular remodelling with a proliferative vasculopathy on the other--might require different treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Guiducci
- Department of BioMedicine, Division of Rheumatology, AOUC Florence, Italy.
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Distler JHW, Allanore Y, Avouac J, Giacomelli R, Guiducci S, Moritz F, Akhmetshina A, Walker UA, Gabrielli A, Müller-Ladner U, Tyndall A, Matucci-Cerinic M, Distler O. EULAR Scleroderma Trials and Research group statement and recommendations on endothelial precursor cells. Ann Rheum Dis 2008; 68:163-8. [PMID: 18653485 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2008.091918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterised by a progressive microangiopathy that contributes significantly to the morbidity of patients with SSc. Besides insufficient angiogenesis, defective vasculogenesis with altered numbers of endothelial precursor cells (EPCs) might also contribute to the vascular pathogenesis of SSc. However, different protocols for isolation, enrichment, culture and quantification of EPCs are currently used, which complicate comparison and interpretation of the results from different studies. The aim of the European League Against Rheumatism Scleroderma Trials and Research (EUSTAR) group expert panel was to provide recommendations for standardisation of future research on EPCs. Consensus statements and recommendations were developed in a face to face meeting by an expert panel of the basic science working group of EUSTAR. The findings were: cardiovascular risk factors and medications such as statins should be described in detail. A detailed description of methods considering isolation, culture, enrichment and detection of EPCs should be given. For in vitro culture of EPCs, no protocol has been shown to be superior to another, but coating with laminin and type IV collagen would resemble most closely the situation in vivo. The endothelial phenotype should be confirmed in all in vitro cultures at the end of the culture period. We recommend using CD133, vascular endothelial growth factor type 2 receptor (VEGFR2) and CD34 in combination with a viability marker for quantification of EPCs in the blood. Finally, exact standard operating procedures for fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis are given that should be strictly followed. In summary, the EUSTAR recommendations will help to unify EPC research and allow better comparison between the results of different studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H W Distler
- Department for Internal Medicine 3 and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Distler JHW, Huber LC, Hueber AJ, Reich CF, Gay S, Distler O, Pisetsky DS. The release of microparticles by apoptotic cells and their effects on macrophages. Apoptosis 2007; 10:731-41. [PMID: 16133865 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-005-2941-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Microparticles are small membrane vesicles released from the cell membrane by exogenous budding. To elucidate the interactions of microparticles with macrophages, the effect of microparticles released from Jurkat T cells on RAW 264.7 cells was determined. Microparticles were isolated by differential centrifugation, using FACS analysis with annexin V and cell surface markers for identification. Various inducers of apoptosis increased the release of microparticles from Jurkat cells up to 5-fold. The released microparticles were then cultured with RAW 264.7 cells. As shown by confocal microscopy and FACS analysis, RAW 264.7 macrophages cleared microparticles by phagocytosis. In addition, microparticles induced apoptosis in RAW 264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner with up to a 5-fold increase of annexin V positive cells and 9-fold increase in caspase 3 activity. Cell proliferation as determined by the MTT test was also reduced. Furthermore, microparticles stimulated the release of microparticles from macrophages. These effects were specific for macrophages, since no apoptosis was observed in NIH 3T3 and L929 cells. These findings indicate that microparticles can induce macrophages to undergo apoptosis, in turn resulting in a further increase of microparticles. The release of microparticles from apoptotic cells may therefore represent a novel amplification loop of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H W Distler
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, CH-8091, Switzerland
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Abstract
In contrast to vasculogenesis, angiogenesis is defined as the formation of new vessels from preexisting ones. Physiologically, this multistep process occurs in adults during the reproductive cycle and during pregnancy, pathophysiologically it can be found in wound healing, inflammation and carcinogenesis. The underlying mechanisms are vasodilatation and increasing permeability, destabilization of vessel walls and degradation of extracellular matrix, followed by the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells. Migrated endothelial cells form vascular tubes at sites of ischemia and these tubes are finally stabilized by pericytes and smooth muscle cells. This process is controlled by a complex interaction of angiogenic and angiostatic factors. In contrast to carcinogenesis, the role of angiogenesis for the pathogenesis and therapy of rheumatic diseases is less understood. Two examples for pathologically disturbed angiogenesis, rheumatoid arthritis and systemic sclerosis, are discussed in this review with respect to therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Maurer
- Zentrum für Experimentelle Rheumatologie, UniversitätsSpital Zürich, Gloriastrasse 25, 8091 Zürich
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Abstract
In addition to inflammatory infiltrates and an accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins, vascular changes are a hallmark in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc). Consistent with the ongoing endothelial cell apoptosis, several markers of EC damage are up-regulated in the serum of SSc patients. Surprizingly, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a very potent angiogenic molecule, is overexpressed in SSc patients despite the insufficient angiogenesis. VEGF can protect patients from fingertip ulcers, but a prolonged overexpression of VEGF might have paradoxical effects leading to the formation of irregular vessels similar to that observed in SSc. Besides defective angiogenesis, recent studies suggest that vasculogenesis is also impaired in SSc patients with reduced numbers and functional defects of endothelial progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H W Distler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
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Distler J, Jüngel A, Huber L, Seemayer A, Gay R, Michel B, Kalden J, Gay S, Pisetsky D, Distler O. Arthritis Res Ther 2005; 7:P140. [DOI: 10.1186/ar1661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Distler JHW, Kalden JR, Gray S, Distler O. Vaskul�re Ver�nderungen in der Pathogenese der systemischen Sklerose. Z Rheumatol 2004; 63:446-50. [PMID: 15605207 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-004-0671-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2004] [Accepted: 10/18/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc, scleroderma) is a connective tissue disease of unknown etiology. Perivascular inflammatory infiltrates and endothelial apoptosis with an impaired angiogenesis are observed in early stages of the disease, whereas later stages are characterized by an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins in the skin and various internal organs. Consistent with the ongoing endothelial cell damage, various markers of endothelial cells such as endothelin-1, sICAM-1, s-VCAM-1 and thrombomodulin are found in high levels in the serum of SSc patients. Surprisingly, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a potent angiogenic molecule, is overexpressed in the skin of patients with SSc despite insufficient angiogenesis. Interestingly, patients suffering from diffuse SSc and patients without finger tip ulcers show higher VEGF levels compared to age- and sex-matched controls. These results indicate that a controlled overexpression of VEGF might help to protect against the manifestation of ischemic conditions. On the other hand, data from animal models indicate that a long-term, uncontrolled overexpression of VEGF might have paradox effects on the formation of new vessels leading to capillary changes similar to those observed in SSc. In addition to the impaired angiogenesis, defective vasculogenesis might contribute to the vascular symptoms of SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H W Distler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany.
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Distler JHW, Hirth A, Kurowska-Stolarska M, Gay RE, Gay S, Distler O. Angiogenic and angiostatic factors in the molecular control of angiogenesis. Q J Nucl Med 2003; 47:149-61. [PMID: 12897707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
The vascular system that ensures an adequate blood flow is required to provide the cells with sufficient supply of nutrients and oxygen. Two different mechanisms of the formation of new vessels can be distinguished: vasculogenesis, the formation of the first primitive vascular plexus de novo and angiogenesis, the formation of new vessels from preexisting ones. Both processes are regulated by a delicate balance of pro- and anti-angiogenic factors. Physiologically, angiostatic mediators outweigh the angiogenic molecules and angiogenesis does not occur. Under certain conditions such as tumor formation or wound healing, the positive regulators of angiogenesis predominate and the endothelium becomes activated. Angiogenesis is initiated by vasodilatation and an increased permeability. After destabilization of the vessel wall, endothelial cells proliferate, migrate and form a tube, which is finally stabilized by pericytes and smooth muscle cells. Numerous soluble growth factors and inhibitors, cytokines and proteases as well as extracellular matrix proteins and adhesion molecules strictly control this multi-step process. The properties and interactions of angiogenic molecules such as VEGFs, FGFs, angiopoietins, PDGF, angiogenin, angiotropin, HGF, CXC chemokines with ELR motif, PECAM-1, integrins and VE-cadherin as well as angiostatic key players such as angiostatin, endostatin, thrombospondin, CXC chemokines without ELR motif, PEDF are discussed in this review with respect to their molecular impact on angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H W Distler
- WHO Collaborating Center for Molecular Biology and Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Rheumatic Diseases, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
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