Structure activity relationship studies of tricyclic bispyran sulfone γ-secretase inhibitors

Potent Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 nsp14 N7-Methyltransferase by Sulfonamide-Based Bisubstrate Analogues

Enzymes involved in RNA capping of SARS-CoV-2 are essential for the stability of viral RNA, translation of mRNAs, and virus evasion from innate immunity, making them attractive targets for antiviral agents. In this work, we focused on the design and synthesis of nucleoside-derived inhibitors against the SARS-CoV-2 nsp14 (N7-guanine)-methyltransferase (N7-MTase) that catalyzes the transfer of the methyl group from the S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) cofactor to the N7-guanosine cap. Seven compounds out of 39 SAM analogues showed remarkable double-digit nanomolar inhibitory activity against the N7-MTase nsp14. Molecular docking supported the structure-activity relationships of these inhibitors and a bisubstrate-based mechanism of action. The three most potent inhibitors significantly stabilized nsp14 (ΔTm ≈ 11 °C), and the best inhibitor demonstrated high selectivity for nsp14 over human RNA N7-MTase.

Multicomponent Reactions Accelerated by Aqueous Micelles

Multicomponent reactions are powerful synthetic tools for the efficient creation of complex organic molecules in an one-pot one-step fashion. Moreover, the amount of solvents and energy needed for separation and purification of intermediates is significantly reduced what is beneficial from the green chemistry issues point of view. This review highlights the development of multicomponent reactions conducted using aqueous micelles systems during the last two decades.

CF3SO2X (X = Na, Cl) as reagents for trifluoromethylation, trifluoromethylsulfenyl-, -sulfinyl- and -sulfonylation. Part 1: Use of CF3SO2Na

Sodium trifluoromethanesulfinate, CF3SO2Na, and trifluoromethanesulfonyl chloride, CF3SO2Cl, are two popular reagents that are widely used for the direct trifluoromethylation of a large range of substrates. Further, these two reagents are employed for the direct trifluoromethylsulfenylation and trifluoromethylsulfinylation, the introduction of the SCF3 and the S(O)CF3 group, respectively. In addition to the aforementioned reactions, the versatility of these two reagents is presented in other reactions such as sulfonylation and chlorination. This first part is dedicated to sodium trifluoromethanesulfinate.

Design and synthesis of water soluble β-aminosulfone analogues of SCH 900229 as γ-secretase inhibitors

In this paper we describe our strategy to improve the aqueous solubility of SCH 900229, a potent PS1-selective γ-secretase inhibitor for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Incorporation of ionizable amino groups into the side chain terminal generates water soluble β-aminosulfone analogues of SCH 900229 that maintain robust in vitro potency and in vivo efficacy.

Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Sulfides and Their Oxidation to Sulfones to Discover Potent Antileishmanial Agents

Unsymmetrical sulfides were first synthesized using combinations of a 1,3-dicarbonyl, an aromatic aldehyde and a thiol in the presence of 10 mol % ethanolic piperidine. These sulfides derivatives were subsequently converted into corresponding sulfones via oxidation in the presence of m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (m-CPBA) at ice-bath to room temperature. The former reaction was achieved at room temperature through one-pot three-component. The later was obtained in good yields using mild reaction conditions with flexibility in choice from a range of substrates. The antimicrobial properties of the newly synthesized sulfone derivatives were investigated against the protozoan parasite, Leishmania donovani, a causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Nine sulfone derivatives were found to be efficacious and exhibited significant antimicrobial activity. Further, these compounds were nontoxic on murine peritoneal macrophages thus eliminating potential cytoxicity in the host cells. These compounds may be indicated as potential leads in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis.

Expeditious synthesis of functionalized tricyclic 4-spiro pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles in aqueous medium using dodecylbenzenesulphonic acid as a Brønsted acid–surfactant-combined catalyst

An eco-friendly multicomponent strategy has been developed to access a single tricyclic molecular scaffold possessing pyran, pyrazole and spiro functionalities.

Pharmacogenomics of Alzheimer's disease: novel therapeutic strategies for drug development

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major problem of health and disability, with a relevant economic impact on our society. Despite important advances in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment, its primary causes still remain elusive, accurate biomarkers are not well characterized, and the available pharmacological treatments are not cost-effective. As a complex disorder, AD is a polygenic and multifactorial clinical entity in which hundreds of defective genes distributed across the human genome may contribute to its pathogenesis. Diverse environmental factors, cerebrovascular dysfunction, and epigenetic phenomena, together with structural and functional genomic dysfunctions, lead to amyloid deposition, neurofibrillary tangle formation, and premature neuronal death, the major neuropathological hallmarks of AD. Future perspectives for the global management of AD predict that genomics and proteomics may help in the search for reliable biomarkers. In practical terms, the therapeutic response to conventional drugs (cholinesterase inhibitors, multifactorial strategies) is genotype-specific. Genomic factors potentially involved in AD pharmacogenomics include at least five categories of gene clusters: (1) genes associated with disease pathogenesis; (2) genes associated with the mechanism of action of drugs; (3) genes associated with drug metabolism (phase I and II reactions); (4) genes associated with drug transporters; and (5) pleiotropic genes involved in multifaceted cascades and metabolic reactions. The implementation of pharmacogenomic strategies will contribute to optimize drug development and therapeutics in AD and related disorders.