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Alam MM, Alsenani NI, Abdelhamid AA, Ahmad A, Baothman OA, Hosawi SA, Altayeb H, Nadeem MS, Ahmad V, Nazreen S, Elhenawy AA. New paracetamol hybrids as anticancer and COX-2 inhibitors: Synthesis, biological evaluation and docking studies. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300340. [PMID: 37880869 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Drug repurposing is an emerging field in drug development that has provided many successful drugs. In the current study, paracetamol, a known antipyretic and analgesic agent, was chemically modified to generate paracetamol derivatives as anticancer and anticyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) agents. Compound 11 bearing a fluoro group was the best cytotoxic candidate with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) values ranging from 1.51 to 6.31 μM and anti-COX-2 activity with IC50 = 0.29 μM, compared to the standard drugs, doxorubicin and celecoxib. The cell cycle and apoptosis studies revealed that compound 11 possesses the ability to induce cell cycle arrest in the S phase and apoptosis in colon Huh-7 cells. These results were strongly supported by docking studies, which showed strong interactions with the amino acids of the COX-2 protein, and in silico pharmacokinetic predictions were found to be favorable for these newly synthesized paracetamol derivatives. It can be concluded that compound 11 could block cell growth and proliferation by inhibiting the COX-2 enzyme in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahboob Alam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf I Alsenani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Antar A Abdelhamid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Abrar Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Othman A Baothman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Salman A Hosawi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham Altayeb
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Shahid Nadeem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Varish Ahmad
- Department of Health Information Technology, Faculty of Applied Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Nazreen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Elhenawy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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2
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Mohsin NUA, Aslam S, Ahmad M, Irfan M, Al-Hussain SA, Zaki MEA. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) as a Target of Anticancer Agents: A Review of Novel Synthesized Scaffolds Having Anticancer and COX-2 Inhibitory Potentialities. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121471. [PMID: 36558921 PMCID: PMC9783503 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a serious threat to human beings and is the second-largest cause of death all over the globe. Chemotherapy is one of the most common treatments for cancer; however, drug resistance and severe adverse effects are major problems associated with anticancer therapy. New compounds with multi-target inhibitory properties are targeted to surmount these challenges. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is overexpressed in cancers of the pancreas, breast, colorectal, stomach, and lung carcinoma. Therefore, COX-2 is considered a significant target for the synthesis of new anticancer agents. This review discusses the biological activity of recently prepared dual anticancer and COX-2 inhibitory agents. The most important intermolecular interactions with the COX-2 enzyme have also been presented. Analysis of these agents in the active area of the COX-2 enzyme could guide the introduction of new lead compounds with extreme selectivity and minor side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor ul Amin Mohsin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sana Aslam
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Matloob Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (M.E.A.Z.)
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sami A. Al-Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magdi E. A. Zaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (M.E.A.Z.)
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3
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Recent advancement in small molecules as HCV inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 60:116699. [PMID: 35278819 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has caused a considerable threat to human health. To date, no treatments are without side effects. The proteins and RNA associated with HCV have specific functions during the viral life cycle. The vulnerabilities to virus are associated with those proteins or RNA. Thus, targeting these proteins and RNA is an efficient strategy to develop anti-HCV therapeutics. The treatment for HCV-infected patients has been greatly improved after the approval of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). However, the cost of DAAs is unusually high, which adds to the economic burden on patients with chronic liver diseases. So far, many efforts have been devoted to the development of small molecules as novel HCV inhibitors. Investigations on the inhibitory activities of these small molecules have involved the target identification and the mechanism of action. In this mini-review, these small molecules divided into four kinds were elaborated, which focused on their targets and structural features. Furthermore, we raised the current challenges and promising prospects. This mini-review may facilitate the development of small molecules with improved activities targeting HCV based on the chemical scaffolds of HCV inhibitors.
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4
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Devi P, Bishnoi A, Singh V, Shukla S, Rai S. A Compact Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Biginilli Products of 1,3-Bis(3-Chlorophenyl)-2-Thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-Dione. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.2009524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Poornima Devi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Abha Bishnoi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Vineeta Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Lucknow, India
| | - Shraddha Shukla
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Sonam Rai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
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5
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Khan MU, Aslam M, Shahzad SA, Khan ZA, Khan NA, Ali M, Naz S, Rahman J, Farooq U. Design and synthesis of thiobarbituric acid analogues as potent urease inhibitors. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.129959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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6
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Electrocatalytic tandem assembly of aldehydes with 2-thiobarbituric acid into 5,5'-(arylmethylene)bis(1,3-diethyl-2-thiobarbituric acids) and evaluation of their interaction with catalases. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-021-02904-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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7
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Ranjbar S, Shahvaran PS, Edraki N, Khoshneviszadeh M, Darroudi M, Sarrafi Y, Hamzehloueian M, Khoshneviszadeh M. 1,2,3-Triazole-linked 5-benzylidene (thio)barbiturates as novel tyrosinase inhibitors and free-radical scavengers. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2020; 353:e2000058. [PMID: 32638438 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this study, benzyl-1,2,3-triazole-linked 5-benzylidene (thio)barbiturate derivatives 7a-d and 8a-h were designed as potential tyrosinase inhibitors and free-radical scavengers. The twelve derivatives were synthesized via the [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of the corresponding benzyl azide as a dipole and the corresponding alkyne as a dipolarophile in the presence of copper(I) species, generated in situ from copper(II)/ascorbate. The thiobarbiturate derivative 8h and the barbiturate derivative 8b bearing 4-fluoro and 4-bromo groups on the benzyl-triazole moiety were found to be the most potent tyrosinase inhibitors with IC50 values of 24.6 ± 0.9 and 26.8 ± 0.8 μM, respectively. Almost all the compounds showed a good radical scavenging activity with EC50 values in the range of 29.9-324.9 μM. Derivatives 7a, 8f, and 8h were the most potent free-radical scavengers with EC50 values of 29.9 ± 0.8, 36.8 ± 0.9, and 39.2 ± 1.1 μM, respectively. The kinetic analysis revealed that compound 8h was a mixed-type tyrosinase inhibitor. The molecular docking analysis indicated that 8b and 8h were well accommodated in the active site of the tyrosinase enzyme and possessed the most negative binding energy values of -8.55 and -8.81 kcal/mol, respectively. Moreover, it was found that the two residues, Asn81 and Glu322, played a significant role in forming stable enzyme-inhibitor complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ranjbar
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Parisa-Sadat Shahvaran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Najmeh Edraki
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahsima Khoshneviszadeh
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Darroudi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Yaghoub Sarrafi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Khoshneviszadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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8
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Barakat A, Soliman SM, Ali M, Elmarghany A, Al-Majid AM, Yousuf S, Ul-Haq Z, Choudhary MI, El-Faham A. Synthesis, crystal structure, evaluation of urease inhibition potential and the docking studies of cobalt(III) complex based on barbituric acid Schiff base ligand. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.119405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Haggam RA, Assy MG, Mohamed EK, Mohamed AS. Synthesis of Pyrano[2,3‐
d
]pyrimidine‐2,4‐diones and Pyridino[2,3‐
d
]pyrimidine‐2,4,6,8‐tetraones: Evaluation Antitumor Activity. J Heterocycl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reda A. Haggam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceIslamic University in Almadinah Almonawara Almadinah Almonawara Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceZagazig University Zagazig 44511 Egypt
| | - Mohamed G. Assy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceZagazig University Zagazig 44511 Egypt
| | - Enaiat K. Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceZagazig University Zagazig 44511 Egypt
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10
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Altowyan MS, Barakat A, Al-Majid AM, Ghabbour HA, Zarrouk A, Warad I. Vibrational spectral analysis, XRD-structure, computation, exo⇔endo isomerization and non-linear optical crystal of 5-((5-chloro-1 H-indol-2-yl)methylene)-1,3-diethyl-2-thioxodihy-dropyrimidine-4,6 (1 H,5 H)-dione. BMC Chem 2019; 13:11. [PMID: 31384760 PMCID: PMC6661825 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-019-0524-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This work deals with the synthesis and characterization of the novel 5-((5-chloro-1H-indol-2-yl)methylene)-1,3-diethyl-2-thioxodihydro-pyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione π-bridge (D–A–D) donor–acceptor–donor compound. Its exo-isomer structure has been proven by XRD-single-crystal analysis for the first time. The IR, UV–Vis., MS, CHN-, 1H and 13C NMR analysis were also carried out. The DFT-optimized structural-parameters were matched with the XRD-crystallographic data. The experimental-XRD-interactions in the lattice were compared to the computed Hirshfeld analysis (HSA), MEP map and Mulliken charge population. The DFT/6-311G(d) calculations like IR/B3LYP, TD-SCF, HOMO–LUMO, GRD and GIAO-NMR have been compared to their corresponding experimental parameters. Non-linear optical (NLO) crystal theoretical-analysis was carried out then compared to urea reference. The compound thermal activity was evaluated in an open-atmosphere by TG/DTG analysis.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mezna Saleh Altowyan
- 1Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Assem Barakat
- 2Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia.,3Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria, 21321 Egypt
| | - Abdullah Mohammed Al-Majid
- 2Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazem A Ghabbour
- 4Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia.,5Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516 Egypt
| | - Abdelkader Zarrouk
- 6Laboratory of Materials, Nanotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Science, Mohammed V University, 4Av. IbnBattuta, B.P. 1014 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Ismail Warad
- 7Department of Chemistry, Science College, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine
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11
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El-Zahabi HS, Khalifa MM, Gado YM, Farrag AM, Elaasser MM, Safwat NA, AbdelRaouf RR, Arafa RK. New thiobarbituric acid scaffold-based small molecules: Synthesis, cytotoxicity, 2D-QSAR, pharmacophore modelling and in-silico ADME screening. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 130:124-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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12
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Marecki JC, Aarattuthodiyil S, Byrd AK, Penthala NR, Crooks PA, Raney KD. N-Naphthoyl-substituted indole thio-barbituric acid analogs inhibit the helicase activity of the hepatitis C virus NS3. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 29:430-434. [PMID: 30578035 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) represents a substantial threat to human health worldwide. The virus expresses a dual-function protein, NS3 having both protease and RNA helicase activities that are essential for productive viral replication and sustained infections. While viral protease and polymerase inhibitors have shown great successes in treating chronic HCV infections, drugs that specifically target the helicase activity have not advanced. A robust and quantitative 96-well plate-based fluorescent DNA unwinding assay was used to screen a class of indole thio-barbituric acid (ITBA) analogs using the full-length, recombinant HCV NS3, and identified three naphthoyl-containing analogs that efficiently inhibited NS3 helicase activity in a dose-dependent manner, with observed IC50 values of 21-24 µM. Standard gel electrophoresis helicase assays using radiolabeled duplex DNA and RNA NS3 substrates confirmed the inhibition of NS3 unwinding activity. Subsequent anisotropy measurements demonstrated that the candidate compounds did not disrupt NS3 binding to nucleic acids. Additionally, the rate of ATP hydrolysis and the protease activity were also not affected by the inhibitors. Thus, these results indicate that the three ITBA analogs containing N-naphthoyl moieties are the foundation of a potential series of small molecules capable of inhibiting NS3 activity via a novel interaction with the helicase domain that prevents the productive unwinding of nucleic acid substrates, and may represent the basis for a new class of therapeutic agents with the potential to aid in the treatment and eradication of hepatitis C virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Marecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Suja Aarattuthodiyil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Alicia K Byrd
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Narsimha R Penthala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Peter A Crooks
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Kevin D Raney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
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13
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Naaz F, Preeti Pallavi M, Shafi S, Mulakayala N, Shahar Yar M, Sampath Kumar H. 1,2,3-triazole tethered Indole-3-glyoxamide derivatives as multiple inhibitors of 5-LOX, COX-2 & tubulin: Their anti-proliferative & anti-inflammatory activity. Bioorg Chem 2018; 81:1-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Sharma A, Zamisa SJ, Noki S, Almarhoon Z, El-Faham A, Torre BGDL, Albericio F. Crystal structure, spectroscopic studies and theoretical studies of thiobarbituric acid derivatives: understanding the hydrogen-bonding patterns. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2018; 74:1703-1714. [PMID: 30516155 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229618015516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In addition to their wide-ranging applications in the pharmaceutical industry, thiobarbituric acid (TBA) derivatives are also known to possess applications in engineering and materials science. 20 TBA derivatives, with diversity at the N and C-5 positions through acylation, Schiff base formation, Knoevenagel condensation, thioamide and enamine formation, were studied. The absolute configurations for six derivatives, namely 5-acetyl-1,3-diethyl-2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione, C10H14N2O3S, A01, 1,3-diethyl-5-propionyl-2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione, C11H16N2O3S, A02, tert-butyl [1-(1,3-diethyl-4,6-dioxo-2-thioxohexahydropyrimidin-5-yl)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]carbamate, C18H29N3O5S, A06, 1,3-diethyl-4,6-dioxo-2-thioxo-N-(p-tolyl)hexahydropyrimidine-5-carbothioamide, C16H19N3O2S2, A13, 5-(1-aminoethylidene)-1,3-diethyl-2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione, C10H15N3O2S, A17, and 5-(1-aminopropylidene)-1,3-diethyl-2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione, C11H17N3O2S, A18, were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray crystallography, which indicates the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonding in all six cases and intermolecular hydrogen bonding for A17. In A13, the presence of two intramolecular hydrogen bonds was observed. The stabilization of the enol form over the keto form was confirmed by computation. In order to convert the keto form to the enol form, an energy barrier of 55.05 kcal mol-1 needs to be overcome, as confirmed by transition-state calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Sharma
- School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, University Road, Westville, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Sizwe J Zamisa
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu Natal, Private bag X54001, Westville campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Sikabwe Noki
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu Natal, Private bag X54001, Westville campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Zainab Almarhoon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, 2455 Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman El-Faham
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, 2455 Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Beatriz G de la Torre
- KRISP, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Fernando Albericio
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu Natal, Private bag X54001, Westville campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
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15
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Sharma A, Noki S, Zamisa SJ, Hazzah HA, Almarhoon ZM, El-Faham A, de la Torre BG, Albericio F. Exploiting the Thiobarbituric Acid Scaffold for Antibacterial Activity. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1923-1930. [PMID: 30004647 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) has been considered a privileged structure for developing antimicrobial agents. Diversity was obtained at positions N and at C5 through acylation, Schiff base formation, Knoevenagel condensation, and thioamide and enamine formation. The present work describes the synthesis of small libraries based on the TBA moiety and above-mentioned reactions. Preliminary antimicrobial activity screening of the prepared compounds against selected bacteria (both Gram-positive and -negative) showed the best results for the Boc-Phe-TBA derivative. These results could be useful for designing and building libraries based on other amino acids with distinct protecting groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Sharma
- School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, University Road, Westville, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Sikabwe Noki
- School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, University Road, Westville, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Sizwe J Zamisa
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Heba A Hazzah
- School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, University Road, Westville, Durban, 4000, South Africa.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, 21641, Egypt
| | - Zainab M Almarhoon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman El-Faham
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Alexandria, 21321, Egypt
| | - Beatriz G de la Torre
- KRISP, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Fernando Albericio
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa.,Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Bayindir S, Temel Y, Ayna A, Ciftci M. The synthesis of N-benzoylindoles as inhibitors of rat erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2018; 32:e22193. [PMID: 29992784 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) play an important function in various biochemical processes as they generate reducing power of the cell. Thus, metabolic reprogramming of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) homeostasis is reported to be a vital step in cancer progression as well as in combinational therapeutic approaches. In this study, N-benzoylindoles 9a--9d, which form the main framework of many natural indole derivatives such as indomethacin and N-benzoylindoylbarbituric acid, were synthesized through three easy and effective steps as an in vitro inhibitor effect of G6PD and 6PGD. The N-benzoylindoles inhibited the enzymatic activity with IC50 in the range of 3.391505 μM for G6PD and 2.19-990 μM for 6PGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Bayindir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Bingol University, 12000, Bingol, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Temel
- Department of Health Services, Vocational Schools, Bingol University, 12000, Bingol, Turkey
| | - Adnan Ayna
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Bingol University, 12000, Bingol, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ciftci
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Bingol University, 12000, Bingol, Turkey
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17
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Ramisetti SR, Pandey MK, Lee SY, Karelia D, Narayan S, Amin S, Sharma AK. Design and synthesis of novel thiobarbituric acid derivatives targeting both wild-type and BRAF-mutated melanoma cells. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 143:1919-1930. [PMID: 29133035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel thio- and seleno-barbituric acid derivatives were synthesized by varying the substituents at N1 and N3 (ethyl, methyl, allyl, and phenyl), and C5 tethered with dienyl and trienyl moieties attached to substituents such as phenyl, 2-furanyl, 2-thiophenyl, 1-naphthyl, and 3-pyridyl. The cytotoxic potential of these derivatives was evaluated by using MTT assay against melanoma cell lines expressing either wild-type (CHL-1) or mutant (UACC 903) BRAF gene. Among all, 2b and 8b were identified as the most potent compounds. Both 2b and 8b inhibited viability of various melanoma cells and induced cell death as evidenced by Live and Dead assay. Western blot analysis showed that they induce PARP cleavage and inhibit anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Survivin in a dose-dependent manner within 24 h of the treatment. Novel thiobarbituric acid analogs also inhibited viability of various other solid tumor cell lines, such as pancreatic, breast, and colon. Overall, 2b, 2d, and 8b emerged as the most effective compounds and make good leads for the development of future therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa Rao Ramisetti
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Cancer Institute, CH72, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Manoj K Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Cancer Institute, CH72, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Sang Y Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State Cancer Institute, CH72, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Deepkamal Karelia
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Cancer Institute, CH72, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Satya Narayan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Shantu Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Cancer Institute, CH72, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Arun K Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Cancer Institute, CH72, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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18
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Kong D, Wang Q, Zhu Z, Wang X, Shi Z, Lin Q, Wu M. Convenient one-pot synthesis of thiobarbituro-quinoline derivatives via catalyst-free multicomponent reactions in water. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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19
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20
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New class of bicyclic compounds derived from thiobarbituric acid with representative compound 1,3-diethyl-7-hydroxy-5,5,7-trimethyl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydro-4H-pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one. Preparation, crystal structure, mass spectrometry and IR spectroscopy. J Mol Struct 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Barakat A, Al-Majid AM, Lotfy G, Arshad F, Yousuf S, Choudhary MI, Ashraf S, Ul-Haq Z. Synthesis and dynamics studies of barbituric acid derivatives as urease inhibitors. Chem Cent J 2015; 9:63. [PMID: 26583043 PMCID: PMC4648982 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-015-0140-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Discovery of potent inhibitors of urease (jack bean) enzyme is the first step in the development of drugs against diseases caused by ureolytic enzyme. Results Thirty-two derivatives of barbituric acid as zwitterionic adducts of diethyl ammonium salts were synthesized. All synthesized compounds (4a–z and 5a–s) were screened for their in vitro inhibition potential against urease enzyme (jack bean urease). The compounds 4i (IC50 = 17.6 ± 0.23 µM) and 5l (IC50 = 17.2 ± 0.44 µM) were found to be the most active members of the series, and showed several fold more urease inhibition activity than the standard compound thiourea (IC50 = 21.2 ± 1.3 µM). Whereas, compounds 4a–b, 4d–e, 4g–h, 4j–4r, 4x, 4z, 5b, 5e, 5k, 5n–5q having IC50 values in the range of 22.7 ± 0.20 µM–43.8 ± 0.33 µM, were also found as potent urease inhibitors. Furthermore, Molecular Dynamics simulation and molecular docking studies were carried out to analyze the binding mode of barbituric acid derivatives using MOE. During MD simulation enol form is found to be more stable over its keto form due to their coordination with catalytic Nickel ion of Urease. Additionally, structural–activity relationship using automated docking method was applied where the compounds with high biological activity are deeply buried within the binding pocket of urease. As multiple hydrophilic crucial interactions with Ala169, KCX219, Asp362 and Ala366 stabilize the compound within the binding site, thus contributing greater activity. Conclusions This research study is useful for the discovery of economically, efficient viable new drug against infectious diseases.STD. Thiourea (IC50 = 21.2 ± 1.3 µM) ![]() Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13065-015-0140-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assem Barakat
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria, 21321 Egypt
| | - Abdullah Mohammed Al-Majid
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Gehad Lotfy
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Fiza Arshad
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270 Pakistan
| | - Sammer Yousuf
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270 Pakistan
| | - M Iqbal Choudhary
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270 Pakistan
| | - Sajda Ashraf
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270 Pakistan
| | - Zaheer Ul-Haq
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270 Pakistan
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Design and synthesis of new barbituric- and thiobarbituric acid derivatives as potent urease inhibitors: Structure activity relationship and molecular modeling studies. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:6049-58. [PMID: 26081763 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study 36 new compounds were synthesized by condensing barbituric acid or thiobarbituric acid and respective anilines (bearing different substituents) in the presence of triethyl orthoformate in good yields. In vitro urease inhibition studies against jack bean urease revealed that barbituric acid derived compounds (1-9 and 19-27) were found to exhibit low to moderate activity however thiobarbituric acid derived compounds (10-18 and 28-36) showed significant inhibition activity at low micro-molar concentrations. Among the synthesized compounds, compounds (15), (12), (10), (36), (16) and (35) showed excellent urease inhibition with IC50 values 8.53 ± 0.027, 8.93 ± 0.027, 12.96 ± 0.13, 15 ± 0.098, 18.9 ± 0.027 and 19.7 ± 0.63 μM, respectively, even better than the reference compound thiourea (IC50 = 21 ± 0.011). The compound (11) exhibited comparable activity to the standard with IC50 value 21.83 ± 0.19 μM. In silico molecular docking studies for most active compounds (10), (12), (15), (16), (35) and (36) and two inactive compounds (3) and (6) were performed to predict the binding patterns.
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Khan KM, Rahim F, Khan A, Shabeer M, Hussain S, Rehman W, Taha M, Khan M, Perveen S, Choudhary MI. Synthesis and structure–activity relationship of thiobarbituric acid derivatives as potent inhibitors of urease. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:4119-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Madadi NR, Penthala NR, Janganati V, Crooks PA. Synthesis and anti-proliferative activity of aromatic substituted 5-((1-benzyl-1H-indol-3-yl)methylene)-1,3-dimethylpyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione analogs against human tumor cell lines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:601-3. [PMID: 24361000 PMCID: PMC3954641 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Based on previous SAR studies on N-benzylindole and barbituric acid hybrid molecules, we have synthesized a series of aromatic substituted 5-((1-benzyl-1H-indol-3-yl)methylene)-1,3-dimethylpyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione analogs (3a-i) and evaluated them for their in vitro growth inhibition and cytotoxicity against a panel of 60 human tumor cell lines. Compounds 3c, 3d, 3f and 3g were identified as highly potent anti-proliferative compounds against ovarian, renal and breast cancer cell lines with GI50 values in low the nanomolar range. The 4-methoxy-N-benzyl analog (3d) was the most active compound with GI50 values of 20 nM and 40 nM against OVCAR-5 ovarian cancer cells and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells, respectively. Two other analogs, 3c (the 4-methyl-N-benzyl analog) and 3g (the 4-fluoro-N-benzyl analog) exhibited equimolar potency against MDA-MB-468 cells GI50=30 nM). Analog 3f (the 4-chloro-N-benzyl analog) exhibited a GI50 value of 40 nM against renal cancer cell line A498. These results suggest that aromatic substituted N-benzylindole dimethylbarbituric acid hybrids may have potential for development as clinical candidates to treat a variety of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Reddy Madadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Narsimha Reddy Penthala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Venumadhav Janganati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Peter A Crooks
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
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Coggins GE, Maddukuri L, Penthala NR, Hartman JH, Eddy S, Ketkar A, Crooks PA, Eoff RL. N-Aroyl indole thiobarbituric acids as inhibitors of DNA repair and replication stress response polymerases. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:1722-9. [PMID: 23679919 DOI: 10.1021/cb400305r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Using a robust and quantitative assay, we have identified a novel class of DNA polymerase inhibitors that exhibits some specificity against an enzyme involved in resistance to anti-cancer drugs, namely, human DNA polymerase eta (hpol η). In our initial screen, we identified the indole thiobarbituric acid (ITBA) derivative 5-((1-(2-bromobenzoyl)-5-chloro-1H-indol-3-yl)methylene)-2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione (ITBA-12) as an inhibitor of the Y-family DNA member hpol η, an enzyme that has been associated with increased resistance to cisplatin and doxorubicin treatments. An additional seven DNA polymerases from different subfamilies were tested for inhibition by ITBA-12. Hpol η was the most potently inhibited enzyme (30 ± 3 μM), with hpol β, hpol γ, and hpol κ exhibiting comparable but higher IC50 values of 41 ± 24, 49 ± 6, and 59 ± 11 μM, respectively. The other polymerases tested had IC50 values closer to 80 μM. Steady-state kinetic analysis was used to investigate the mechanism of polymerase inhibition by ITBA-12. Based on changes in the Michaelis constant, it was determined that ITBA-12 acts as an allosteric (or partial) competitive inhibitor of dNTP binding. The parent ITBA scaffold was modified to produce 20 derivatives and establish structure-activity relationships by testing for inhibition of hpol η. Two compounds with N-naphthoyl Ar-substituents, ITBA-16 and ITBA-19, were both found to have improved potency against hpol η with IC50 values of 16 ± 3 μM and 17 ± 3 μM, respectively. Moreover, the specificity of ITBA-16 was improved relative to that of ITBA-12. The presence of a chloro substituent at position 5 on the indole ring appears to be crucial for effective inhibition of hpol η, with the indole N-1-naphthoyl and N-2-naphthoyl analogues being the most potent inhibitors of hpol η. These results provide a framework from which second-generation ITBA derivatives may be developed against specialized polymerases that are involved in mechanisms of radio- and chemo-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E. Coggins
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146,
United States
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