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Mito S, Cheng B, Garcia BA, Yee Ooi X, Gonzalez D, Ruiz TC, Elisarraras FX, Tsin A. SAR study of niclosamide derivatives for neuroprotective function in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 96:129498. [PMID: 37804994 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disease is a debilitating and incurable condition that affects millions of people around the world. The loss of functions or malfunctions of neural cells are the causes of mortality. A proteosome inhibitor, MG132, is well known to cause neurodegeneration in vitro when model neuronal-derived cell lines are exposed to it. Niclosamide, an anthelmintic drug, which has been used to treat tapeworm infections for more than 50 years, has recently attracted renewed attention in drug repurposing because it has been found to be a good candidate in many drug development screenings. We recently found that all markers of MG132-induced neuronal cell toxicity, including the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins, were prevented by the presence of niclosamide. In addition, niclosamide was shown to enhance autophagy induced by MG132. There results suggested that niclosamide could act as a neuroprotective agent. In the present study, niclosamide derivatives were synthesized, and the structure-activity relationship (SAR) were determined with respect to protein ubiquitination induced by MG132 and effect on cell survival signaling pathways for neuroprotective function. Our results indicate that phenol OH plays a significant role in neuroprotective activity while the niclosamide derivatives without Cl (5- or 2'-Cl) showed almost the same neuroprotective effect. 4'-NO2 can be replaced by N3 or CF3 whereas NH2 significantly decreased activity. These findings provide guidance for the development of new niclosamide analogues against neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizue Mito
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA; Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg 78541, USA.
| | - Benxu Cheng
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Benjamin A Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
| | - Xin Yee Ooi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Daniela Gonzalez
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Tess C Ruiz
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
| | - Francisco X Elisarraras
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Andrew Tsin
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
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2
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Mito S, Cheng B, Garcia BA, Gonzalez D, Ooi XY, Ruiz TC, Elisarraras FX, Tsin A, Chew SA, Arriaga MA. SAR study of niclosamide derivatives in the human glioblastoma U-87 MG cells. Med Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02907-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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3
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Xu Q, Liu JM, Yao H, Zhao J, Wang Z, Liu J, Zhou J, Yu Z, Su W. Insight into Fundamental Rules of Phenylenediamines Selective Monoacylation by the Comparisons of Kinetic Characteristics in Microreactor. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Xu
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China
| | - Ji Ming Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China
| | - Hongmiao Yao
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China
| | - Jinyang Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China
| | - Zhikuo Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China
| | - Junli Liu
- Zhejiang Apeloa Kangyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Dongyang 322100 China
| | - Jiadi Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China
| | - Zhiqun Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China
| | - Weike Su
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China
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4
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Sekulovski N, MacLean JA, Bheemireddy SR, Yu Z, Okuda H, Pru C, Plunkett KN, Matzuk M, Hayashi K. Niclosamide's potential direct targets in ovarian cancer†. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:403-412. [PMID: 33855343 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that niclosamide is an anti-cancer compound that is able to inhibit several signaling pathways. Although niclosamide has previously been identified by high-throughput screening platforms as a potential effective compound against several cancer types, no direct binding interactions with distinct biological molecule(s) has been established. The present study identifies key signal transduction mechanisms altered by niclosamide in ovarian cancer. Using affinity purification with a biotin-modified niclosamide derivative and mass spectrometry analysis, several RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) were identified. We chose the two RBPs, FXR1 and IGF2BP2, for further analysis. A significant correlation exists in which high-expression of FXR1 or IGF2BP2 is associated with reduced survival of ovarian cancer patients. Knockdown of FXR1 or IGF2BP2 in ovarian cancer cells resulted in significantly reduced cell viability, adhesion, and migration. Furthermore, FXR1 or IGF2BP2 deficient ovarian cancer cells exhibited reduced response to most doses of niclosamide showing greater cell viability than those with intact RBPs. These results suggest that FXR1 and IGF2BP2 are direct targets of niclosamide and could have critical activities that drive multiple oncogenic pathways in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Sekulovski
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - James A MacLean
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA.,Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | | | - Zhifeng Yu
- Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hiroshi Okuda
- Tsuruoka Metabolomics Laboratory, National Cancer Center, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Cindy Pru
- Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Kyle N Plunkett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Martin Matzuk
- Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kanako Hayashi
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA.,Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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5
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Shamim K, Xu M, Hu X, Lee EM, Lu X, Huang R, Shah P, Xu X, Chen CZ, Shen M, Guo H, Chen L, Itkin Z, Eastman RT, Shinn P, Klumpp-Thomas C, Michael S, Simeonov A, Lo DC, Ming GL, Song H, Tang H, Zheng W, Huang W. Application of niclosamide and analogs as small molecule inhibitors of Zika virus and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 40:127906. [PMID: 33689873 PMCID: PMC7936759 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus has emerged as a potential threat to human health globally. A previous drug repurposing screen identified the approved anthelminthic drug niclosamide as a small molecule inhibitor of Zika virus infection. However, as antihelminthic drugs are generally designed to have low absorption when dosed orally, the very limited bioavailability of niclosamide will likely hinder its potential direct repurposing as an antiviral medication. Here, we conducted SAR studies focusing on the anilide and salicylic acid regions of niclosamide to improve physicochemical properties such as microsomal metabolic stability, permeability and solubility. We found that the 5-bromo substitution in the salicylic acid region retains potency while providing better drug-like properties. Other modifications in the anilide region with 2′-OMe and 2′-H substitutions were also advantageous. We found that the 4′-NO2 substituent can be replaced with a 4′-CN or 4′-CF3 substituents. Together, these modifications provide a basis for optimizing the structure of niclosamide to improve systemic exposure for application of niclosamide analogs as drug lead candidates for treating Zika and other viral infections. Indeed, key analogs were also able to rescue cells from the cytopathic effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection, indicating relevance for therapeutic strategies targeting the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalida Shamim
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA.
| | - Miao Xu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Xin Hu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Emily M Lee
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA; Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Xiao Lu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Ruili Huang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Pranav Shah
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Xin Xu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Catherine Z Chen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Min Shen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Hui Guo
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Lu Chen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Zina Itkin
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Richard T Eastman
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Paul Shinn
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Carleen Klumpp-Thomas
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Sam Michael
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Anton Simeonov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Donald C Lo
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Guo-Li Ming
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hongjun Song
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hengli Tang
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Wenwei Huang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA.
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6
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N-Acylbenzotriazole: convenient approach for protecting group-free monoacylation of symmetric diamines. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-020-02579-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Hagenow J, Hagenow S, Grau K, Khanfar M, Hefke L, Proschak E, Stark H. Reversible Small Molecule Inhibitors of MAO A and MAO B with Anilide Motifs. Drug Des Devel Ther 2020; 14:371-393. [PMID: 32099324 PMCID: PMC6996489 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s236586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ligands consisting of two aryl moieties connected via a short spacer were shown to be potent inhibitors of monoamine oxidases (MAO) A and B, which are known as suitable targets in treatment of neurological diseases. Based on this general blueprint, we synthesized a series of 66 small aromatic amide derivatives as novel MAO A/B inhibitors. METHODS The compounds were synthesized, purified and structurally confirmed by spectroscopic methods. Fluorimetric enzymological assays were performed to determine MAO A/B inhibition properties. Mode and reversibility of inhibition was determined for the most potent MAO B inhibitor. Docking poses and pharmacophore models were generated to confirm the in vitro results. RESULTS N-(2,4-Dinitrophenyl)benzo[d][1,3]dioxole-5-carboxamide (55, ST-2043) was found to be a reversible competitive moderately selective MAO B inhibitor (IC50 = 56 nM, Ki = 6.3 nM), while N-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)benzamide (7, ST-2023) showed higher preference for MAO A (IC50 = 126 nM). Computational analysis confirmed in vitro binding properties, where the anilides examined possessed high surface complementarity to MAO A/B active sites. CONCLUSION The small molecule anilides with different substitution patterns were identified as potent MAO A/B inhibitors, which were active in nanomolar concentrations ranges. These small and easily accessible molecules are promising motifs, especially for newly designed multitargeted ligands taking advantage of these fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Hagenow
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Duesseldorf40225, Germany
| | - Stefanie Hagenow
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Duesseldorf40225, Germany
| | - Kathrin Grau
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Duesseldorf40225, Germany
| | - Mohammad Khanfar
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Duesseldorf40225, Germany
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman11942, Jordan
- College of Pharmacy, Alfaisal University, Riyadh11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lena Hefke
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Frankfurt60438, Germany
| | - Ewgenij Proschak
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Frankfurt60438, Germany
| | - Holger Stark
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Duesseldorf40225, Germany
- Correspondence: Holger Stark Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Universitaetsstr. 1, Duesseldorf40225, GermanyTel +49 211 81-10478Fax +49 211 81-13359 Email
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8
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Niclosamide-induced Wnt signaling inhibition in colorectal cancer is mediated by autophagy. Biochem J 2019; 476:535-546. [PMID: 30635359 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway, known for regulating genes critical to normal embryonic development and tissue homeostasis, is dysregulated in many types of cancer. Previously, we identified that the anthelmintic drug niclosamide inhibited Wnt signaling by promoting internalization of Wnt receptor Frizzled 1 and degradation of Wnt signaling pathway proteins, Dishevelled 2 and β-catenin, contributing to suppression of colorectal cancer growth in vitro and in vivo Here, we provide evidence that niclosamide-mediated inhibition of Wnt signaling is mediated through autophagosomes induced by niclosamide. Specifically, niclosamide promotes the co-localization of Frizzled 1 or β-catenin with LC3, an autophagosome marker. Niclosamide inhibition of Wnt signaling is attenuated in autophagosome-deficient ATG5-/- MEF cells or cells expressing shRNA targeting Beclin1, a critical constituent of autophagosome. Treatment with the autophagosome inhibitor 3MA blocks niclosamide-mediated Frizzled 1 degradation. The sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to growth inhibition by niclosamide is correlated with autophagosome formation induced by niclosamide. Niclosamide inhibits mTORC1 and ULK1 activities and induces LC3B expression in niclosamide-sensitive cell lines, but not in the niclosamide-resistant cell lines tested. Interestingly, niclosamide is a less effective inhibitor of Wnt-responsive genes (β-catenin, c-Myc, and Survivin) in the niclosamide-resistant cells than in the niclosamide-sensitive cells, suggesting that deficient autophagy induction by niclosamide compromises the effect of niclosamide on Wnt signaling. Our findings provide a mechanistic understanding of the role of autophagosomes in the inhibition of Wnt signaling by niclosamide and may provide biomarkers to assist selection of patients whose tumors are likely to respond to niclosamide.
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Mook RA, Wang J, Ren XR, Piao H, Lyerly HK, Chen W. Identification of novel triazole inhibitors of Wnt/β-catenin signaling based on the Niclosamide chemotype. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 29:317-321. [PMID: 30551901 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the Wnt signaling pathway is an underlying mechanism in multiple diseases, particularly in cancer. Until recently, identifying agents that target this pathway has been difficult and as a result, no approved drugs exist that specifically target this pathway. We reported previously that the anthelmintic drug Niclosamide inhibits the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and suppresses colorectal cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. In an effort to build on this finding, we sought to discover new Wnt/β-catenin inhibitors that expanded the chemotype structural diversity. Here, we asked a specific SAR question unresolved in previous SAR studies of Niclosamide's inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling to identify a new structural class of Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibitors based on a triazole motif. Similar to Niclosamide, we found that the new triazole derivatives internalized Frizzled-1 GFP receptors, inhibited Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the TOPflash assay and reduced Wnt/β-catenin target gene levels in CRC cells harboring mutations in the Wnt pathway. Moreover, in pilot SAR studies, we found the Wnt/β-catenin SAR trends in the anilide region were generally similar between the two chemical classes of inhibitors. Overall, these studies demonstrate the ability to use the SAR of the Niclosamide salicylanilide chemical class to expand the structural diversity of Wnt/β-catenin inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Mook
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States.
| | - Jiangbo Wang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Xiu-Rong Ren
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Hailan Piao
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - H Kim Lyerly
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States.
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Identification of DK419, a potent inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and colorectal cancer growth. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:5435-5442. [PMID: 30274939 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is critical for normal tissue development and is an underlying mechanism of disease when dysregulated. Previously, we reported that the drug Niclosamide inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling by decreasing the cytosolic levels of Dishevelled and β-catenin, and inhibits the growth of colon cancers both in vitro and in vivo. Since the discovery of Niclosamide's anthelmintic activity, a growing body of literature indicates that Niclosamide is a multifunctional drug. In an effort to identify derivatives of Niclosamide with improved pharmacokinetic properties that maintain the multifunctional drug activity of Niclosamide for clinical evaluation, we designed DK419, a derivative containing a 1H-benzo[d]imidazole-4-carboxamide substructure, using the structure-activity relationships (SAR) of the Niclosamide salicylanilide chemotype. Similar to Niclosamide, we found DK419 inhibited Wnt/β-catenin signaling, altered cellular oxygen consumption rate and induced production of pAMPK. Moreover, we found DK419 inhibited the growth of CRC tumor cells in vitro, had good plasma exposure when dosed orally, and inhibited the growth of patient derived CRC240 tumor explants in mice dosed orally. DK419, a derivative of Niclosamide with multifunctional activity and improved pharmacokinetic properties, is a promising agent to treat colorectal cancer, Wnt-related diseases and other diseases in which Niclosamide has demonstrated functional activity.
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Hamdoun S, Fleischer E, Klinger A, Efferth T. Lawsone derivatives target the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in multidrug-resistant acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 146:63-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Bhattacharyya J, Ren XR, Mook RA, Wang J, Spasojevic I, Premont RT, Li X, Chilkoti A, Chen W. Niclosamide-conjugated polypeptide nanoparticles inhibit Wnt signaling and colon cancer growth. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:12709-12717. [PMID: 28828438 PMCID: PMC5863494 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr01973d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal Wnt activity is a major mechanism responsible for many diseases, including cancer. Previously, we reported that the anthelmintic drug Niclosamide (NIC) inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling and suppresses colon cancer cell growth. Although the pharmacokinetic properties of NIC are appropriate for use as an anthelmintic agent, its low solubility, low bioavailability and low systemic exposure limit its usefulness in treating systemic diseases. To overcome these limitations, we conjugated NIC to recombinant chimeric polypeptides (CPs), and the CP-NIC conjugate spontaneously self-assembled into sub-100 nm near-monodisperse nanoparticles. CP-NIC nanoparticles delivered intravenously act as a pro-drug of NIC to dramatically increase exposure of NIC compared to dosing with free NIC. CP-NIC improved anti-tumor activity compared to NIC in a xenograft model of human colon cancer. Because NIC has multiple biological activities, CP-NIC could be used for treatment of multiple diseases, including cancer, bacterial and viral infection, type II diabetes, NASH and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | - Xiu-Rong Ren
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Robert A. Mook
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Jiangbo Wang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Ivan Spasojevic
- Duke Cancer Institute, PK/PD Core Laboratory, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Richard T. Premont
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Xinghai Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | - Ashutosh Chilkoti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
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13
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Mook RA, Ren XR, Wang J, Piao H, Barak LS, Kim Lyerly H, Chen W. Benzimidazole inhibitors from the Niclosamide chemotype inhibit Wnt/β-catenin signaling with selectivity over effects on ATP homeostasis. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:1804-1816. [PMID: 28233680 PMCID: PMC5490664 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway plays a key role in organ and tissue homeostasis, and when dysregulated, can become a major underlying mechanism of disease, particularly cancer. We reported previously that the anthelmintic drug Niclosamide inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling and suppresses colon cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. To define Niclosamide's mechanism of Wnt/β-catenin inhibition, and to improve its selectivity and pharmacokinetic properties as an anticancer treatment, we designed a novel class of benzimidazole inhibitors of Wnt/β-catenin signaling based on SAR studies of the Niclosamide salicylanilide chemotype. Niclosamide has multiple biological activities. To address selectivity in our design, we interrogated a protonophore SAR model and used the principle of conformational restriction to identify novel Wnt/β-catenin inhibitors with less effect on ATP cellular homeostasis. These studies led to the identification of 4-chloro-2-(5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl) phenol (4) and related derivatives with greater selectivity for Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibition vs. differential effects on cellular ATP homeostasis. This is the first report that the Wnt signaling inhibitory activity of Niclosamide can be translated into a new chemical class and to show that its effects on ATP homeostasis can be separated from its inhibitory effects on Wnt signaling. These compounds could be useful tools to elucidate the mechanism of Niclosamide's inhibition of Wnt signaling, and aid the discovery of inhibitors with improved pharmacologic properties to treat cancer and diseases in which Niclosamide has important biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Mook
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States.
| | - Xiu-Rong Ren
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Jiangbo Wang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Hailan Piao
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Larry S Barak
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - H Kim Lyerly
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States.
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14
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Transcriptomic Profiling of Tumor Aggressiveness in Sporadic Nonfunctioning Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. Pancreas 2016; 45:1196-203. [PMID: 26918873 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to compare RNA sequencing data of sporadic nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNENs) to identify gene expression patterns that may be important for molecular differentiation of tumor aggressiveness. METHODS RNA sequencing was performed on samples of sporadic nonfunctioning PNENs, grouped as tumors with mild behavior (nonmetastatic and Ki67 < 5%) or aggressive behavior (metastatic and Ki67 ≥ 5%), on an Illumina Genome Analyzer II platform. Bioinformatic analyses were performed on the resulting data. RESULTS Of 22,810 identified transcripts from protein-coding genes, a set of 309 genes were significantly differentially expressed between the 2 groups, of which 166 were upregulated and 143 downregulated in the aggressive disease group. Among the top protein-coding upregulated genes, we found genes encoding proteins involved in DNA packaging, ability to taste, chromosome structuring, cytoskeleton structuring, and cell-cell signaling. Among the top protein-coding downregulated genes, we found genes encoding proteins involved in neuronal differentiation, cytoskeleton structuring, cell-cell signaling, and immunological processes. CONCLUSIONS A higher degree of tumor aggressiveness in sporadic nonfunctioning PNENs seems to be associated with upregulation of genes involved in regulation of the cell cycle and cell division. Small sample size and lack of a replication set are limitations of this study.
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15
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S100A4 in Cancer Metastasis: Wnt Signaling-Driven Interventions for Metastasis Restriction. Cancers (Basel) 2016; 8:cancers8060059. [PMID: 27331819 PMCID: PMC4931624 DOI: 10.3390/cancers8060059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aberrant activity of Wnt signaling is an early step in the transformation of normal intestinal cells to malignant tissue, leading to more aggressive tumors, and eventually metastases. In colorectal cancer (CRC), metastasis accounts for about 90% of patient deaths, representing the most lethal event during the course of the disease and is directly linked to patient survival, critically limiting successful therapy. This review focuses on our studies of the metastasis-inducing gene S100A4, which we identified as transcriptional target of β-catenin. S100A4 increased migration and invasion in vitro and metastasis in mice. In patient CRC samples, high S100A4 levels predict metastasis and reduced patient survival. Our results link pathways important for tumor progression and metastasis: the Wnt signaling pathway and S100A4, which regulates motility and invasiveness. S100A4 suppression by interdicting Wnt signaling has potential for therapeutic intervention. As proof of principle, we applied S100A4 shRNA systemically and prevented metastasis in mice. Furthermore, we identified small molecule inhibitors from high-throughput screens of pharmacologically active compounds employing an S100A4 promoter-driven reporter. Best hits act, as least in part, via intervening in the Wnt pathway and restricted metastasis in mouse models. We currently translate our findings on restricting S100A4-driven metastasis into clinical practice. The repositioned FDA-approved drug niclosamide, targeting Wnt signaling, is being tested in a prospective phase II clinical trial for treatment of CRC patients. Our assay for circulating S100A4 transcripts in patient blood is used to monitor treatment success.
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16
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Mook RA, Wang J, Ren XR, Chen M, Spasojevic I, Barak LS, Lyerly HK, Chen W. Structure-activity studies of Wnt/β-catenin inhibition in the Niclosamide chemotype: Identification of derivatives with improved drug exposure. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:5829-38. [PMID: 26272032 PMCID: PMC4710091 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway plays a key role in regulation of organ development and tissue homeostasis. Dysregulated Wnt activity is one of the major underlying mechanisms responsible for many diseases including cancer. We previously reported the FDA-approved anthelmintic drug Niclosamide inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling and suppresses colon cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Niclosamide is a multi-functional drug that possesses important biological activity in addition to inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Here, we studied the SAR of Wnt signaling inhibition in the anilide and salicylamide region of Niclosamide. We found that the 4'-nitro substituent can be effectively replaced by trifluoromethyl or chlorine and that the potency of inhibition was dependent on the substitution pattern in the anilide ring. Non-anilide, N-methyl amides and reverse amide derivatives lost significant potency, while acylated salicylamide derivatives inhibited signaling with potency similar to non-acyl derivatives. Niclosamide's low systemic exposure when dosed orally may hinder its use to treat systemic disease. To overcome this limitation we identified an acyl derivative of Niclosamide, DK-520 (compound 32), that significantly increased both the plasma concentration and the duration of exposure of Niclosamide when dosed orally. The studies herein provide a medicinal chemical foundation to improve the pharmacokinetic exposure of Niclosamide and Wnt-signaling inhibitors based on the Niclosamide chemotype. The identification of novel derivatives of Niclosamide that metabolize to Niclosamide and increase its drug exposure may provide important research tools for in vivo studies and provide drug candidates for treating cancers with dysregulated Wnt signaling including drug-resistant cancers. Moreover, since Niclosamide is a multi-functional drug, new research tools such as DK520 could directly result in novel treatments against bacterial and viral infection, lupus, and metabolic diseases such as type II diabetes, NASH and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Mook
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States.
| | - Jiangbo Wang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Xiu-Rong Ren
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Minyong Chen
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Ivan Spasojevic
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Duke Cancer Institute, PK/PD Core Laboratory, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Larry S Barak
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - H Kim Lyerly
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States.
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17
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Lam ATL, Chen AKL, Li J, Birch WR, Reuveny S, Oh SKW. Conjoint propagation and differentiation of human embryonic stem cells to cardiomyocytes in a defined microcarrier spinner culture. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 5:110. [PMID: 25223792 PMCID: PMC4183116 DOI: 10.1186/scrt498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Myocardial infarction is accompanied by a significant loss of cardiomyocytes (CMs). Functional CMs, differentiated from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), offer a potentially unlimited cell source for cardiac disease therapies and regenerative cardiovascular medicine. However, conventional production methods on monolayer culture surfaces cannot adequately supply the large numbers of cells required for such treatments. To this end, an integrated microcarrier (MC) bioprocessing system for hESC propagation and subsequent CM differentiation was developed. Methods Production of hESC-derived CMs was initially established in monolayer cultures. This control condition was compared against hESC expansion on laminin-coated MC with cationic surface charge, in a stirred serum-free defined culture. Following expansion, the hESC/MC aggregates were placed in a CM differentiation medium, using Wnt signalling modulators in four different culture conditions. This process eliminated the need for manual colony cutting. The final optimized protocol was tested in stirred spinner flasks, combining expansion and differentiation on the same MC, with only media changes during the culture process. Results In the propagation phase, a 15-fold expansion of viable pluripotent HES-3 was achieved, with homogeneous sized aggregates of 316 ± 11 μm. Of the four differentiation conditions, stirred spinner flask cultures (MC-Sp) provided the best controlled aggregate sizes and yielded 1.9 × 106 CM/ml, as compared to 0.5 × 106 CM/ml using the monolayer cultures method: a four-fold increase in CM/ml. Similar results (1.3 × 106 CM/ml) were obtained with an alternative hESC H7 line. The hESC/MC-derived CM expressed cardiac-specific transcription factors, structural, ion channel genes, and exhibited cross-striations of sarcomeric proteins, thus confirming their cardiac ontogeny. Moreover, E-4031 (0.3 μM) prolonged the QT-interval duration by 40% and verapamil (3 μM) reduced it by 45%, illustrating the suitability of these CM for pharmacological assays. Conclusions We have demonstrated a robust and scalable microcarrier system for generating hESC-derived CM. This platform is enabled by defined microcarrier matrices and it integrates cell propagation and differentiation within a continuous process, in serum-free culture media. It can generate significant numbers of CM, which are potentially suitable for future clinical therapies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/scrt498) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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18
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King ML, Lindberg ME, Stodden GR, Okuda H, Ebers SD, Johnson A, Montag A, Lengyel E, MacLean Ii JA, Hayashi K. WNT7A/β-catenin signaling induces FGF1 and influences sensitivity to niclosamide in ovarian cancer. Oncogene 2014; 34:3452-62. [PMID: 25174399 PMCID: PMC4345161 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We previously characterized the link between WNT7A and the progression of ovarian cancer. Other groups have identified FGF1 as a relevant risk factor in ovarian cancer. Here, we show a linkage between these two signaling pathways that may be exploited to improve treatment and prognosis of patients with ovarian cancer. High expression of WNT7A and FGF1 are correlated in ovarian carcinomas and poor overall patient survival. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that WNT7A/β-catenin signaling directly regulates FGF1 expression via TCF binding elements in the FGF1-1C promoter locus. In vitro gene manipulation studies revealed that FGF1 is sufficient to drive the tumor promoting effects of WNT7A. In vivo xenograft studies confirmed that the stable overexpression of WNT7A or FGF1 induced a significant increase in tumor incidence, while FGF1 knockdown in WNT7A overexpressing cells caused a significant reduction in tumor size. Niclosamide most efficiently abrogated WNT7A/β-catenin signaling in our model, inhibited β-catenin transcriptional activity and cell viability, and increased cell death. Furthermore, niclosamide decreased cell migration following an increase in E-cadherin subsequent to decreased levels of SLUG. The effects of niclosamide on cell functions were more potent in WNT7A overexpressing cells. Oral niclosamide inhibited tumor growth and progression in an intraperitoneal xenograft mouse model representative of human ovarian cancer. Collectively, these results indicate that FGF1 is a direct downstream target of WNT7A/β-catenin signaling and this pathway has potential as a therapeutic target in ovarian cancer. Moreover, niclosamide is a promising inhibitor of this pathway and may have clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L King
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - M E Lindberg
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - G R Stodden
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - H Okuda
- Laboratory for Malignancy Control Research, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - S D Ebers
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - A Johnson
- Section of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A Montag
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - E Lengyel
- Section of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J A MacLean Ii
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - K Hayashi
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA
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19
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Al-Hussaini M, DiPersio JF. Small molecule inhibitors in acute myeloid leukemia: from the bench to the clinic. Expert Rev Hematol 2014; 7:439-64. [PMID: 25025370 PMCID: PMC4283573 DOI: 10.1586/17474086.2014.932687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Many patients with acute myeloid leukemia will eventually develop refractory or relapsed disease. In the absence of standard therapy for this population, there is currently an urgent unmet need for novel therapeutic agents. Targeted therapy with small molecule inhibitors represents a new therapeutic intervention that has been successful for the treatment of multiple tumors (e.g., gastrointestinal stromal tumors, chronic myelogenous leukemia). Hence, there has been great interest in generating selective small molecule inhibitors targeting critical pathways of proliferation and survival in acute myeloid leukemia. This review highlights a selective group of intriguing therapeutic agents and their presumed targets in both preclinical models and in early human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneera Al-Hussaini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis Missouri
| | - John F. DiPersio
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis Missouri
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine and Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St Louis Missouri
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20
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Liu C, Lou W, Zhu Y, Nadiminty N, Schwartz CT, Evans CP, Gao AC. Niclosamide inhibits androgen receptor variants expression and overcomes enzalutamide resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:3198-3210. [PMID: 24740322 PMCID: PMC4058390 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-3296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Enzalutamide, a second-generation antiandrogen, was recently approved for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in patients who no longer respond to docetaxel. Despite these advances that provide temporary respite, resistance to enzalutamide occurs frequently. Androgen receptor (AR) splice variants such as AR-V7 have recently been shown to drive castration-resistant growth and resistance to enzalutamide. This study was designed to identify inhibitors of AR variants and test its ability to overcome resistance to enzalutamide. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The drug screening was conducted using luciferase activity assay to determine the activity of AR-V7 after treatment with the compounds in the Prestwick Chemical Library, which contains about 1,120 FDA-approved drugs. The effects of the identified inhibitors on AR-V7 activity and enzalutamide sensitivity were characterized in CRPC and enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Niclosamide, an FDA-approved antihelminthic drug, was identified as a potent AR-V7 inhibitor in prostate cancer cells. Niclosamide significantly downregulated AR-V7 protein expression by protein degradation through a proteasome-dependent pathway. Niclosamide also inhibited AR-V7 transcription activity and reduced the recruitment of AR-V7 to the PSA promoter. Niclosamide inhibited prostate cancer cell growth in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, the combination of niclosamide and enzalutamide resulted in significant inhibition of enzalutamide-resistant tumor growth, suggesting that niclosamide enhances enzalutamide therapy and overcomes enzalutamide resistance in CRPC cells. CONCLUSIONS Niclosamide was identified as a novel inhibitor of AR variants. Our findings offer preclinical validation of niclosamide as a promising inhibitor of AR variants to treat, either alone or in combination with current antiandrogen therapies, patients with advanced prostate cancer, especially those resistant to enzalutamide.
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MESH Headings
- Androgen Antagonists/pharmacology
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Benzamides
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, SCID
- Niclosamide/pharmacology
- Nitriles
- Phenylthiohydantoin/analogs & derivatives
- Phenylthiohydantoin/pharmacology
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/drug therapy
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, Androgen/chemistry
- Receptors, Androgen/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfei Liu
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis, CA, USA
| | - Wei Lou
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis, CA, USA
| | - Yezi Zhu
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis, CA, USA
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of California Davis, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Christopher P. Evans
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis, CA, USA
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, CA, USA
| | - Allen C. Gao
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis, CA, USA
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of California Davis, CA, USA
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, CA, USA
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21
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Li Y, Li PK, Roberts MJ, Arend RC, Samant RS, Buchsbaum DJ. Multi-targeted therapy of cancer by niclosamide: A new application for an old drug. Cancer Lett 2014; 349:8-14. [PMID: 24732808 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The rapid development of new anticancer drugs that are safe and effective is a common goal shared by basic scientists, clinicians and patients. The current review discusses one such agent, namely niclosamide, which has been used in the clinic for the treatment of intestinal parasite infections. Recent studies repeatedly identified niclosamide as a potential anticancer agent by various high-throughput screening campaigns. Niclosamide not only inhibits the Wnt/β-catenin, mTORC1, STAT3, NF-κB and Notch signaling pathways, but also targets mitochondria in cancer cells to induce cell cycle arrest, growth inhibition and apoptosis. A number of studies have established the anticancer activities of niclosamide in both in vitro and in vivo models. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of niclosamide on cancer stem cells provide further evidence for its consideration as a promising drug for cancer therapy. This article reviews various aspects of niclosamide as they relate to its efficacy against cancer and associated molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghe Li
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL, United States.
| | - Pui-Kai Li
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Michael J Roberts
- Drug Development Division, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Rebecca C Arend
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Rajeev S Samant
- Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Donald J Buchsbaum
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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