1
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Rejc L, Knez D, Molina-Aguirre G, Espargaró A, Kladnik J, Meden A, Blinc L, Lozinšek M, Jansen-van Vuuren RD, Rogan M, Martek BA, Mlakar J, Dremelj A, Petrič A, Gobec S, Sabaté R, Bresjanac M, Pinter B, Košmrlj J. Probing Alzheimer's pathology: Exploring the next generation of FDDNP analogues for amyloid β detection. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116616. [PMID: 38723516 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent probes are a powerful tool for imaging amyloid β (Aβ) plaques, the hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Herein, we report the synthesis and comprehensive characterization of 21 novel probes as well as their optical properties and binding affinities to Aβ fibrils. One of these dyes, 1Ae, exhibited several improvements over FDDNP, an established biomarker for Aβ- and Tau-aggregates. First, 1Ae had large Stokes shifts (138-213 nm) in various solvents, thereby reducing self-absorption. With a high quantum yield ratio (φ(dichloromethane/methanol) = 104), 1Ae also ensures minimal background emission in aqueous environments and high sensitivity. In addition, compound 1Ae exhibited low micromolar binding affinity to Aβ fibrils in vitro (Kd = 1.603 µM), while increasing fluorescence emission (106-fold) compared to emission in buffer alone. Importantly, the selective binding of 1Ae to Aβ1-42 fibrils was confirmed by an in cellulo assay, supported by ex vivo fluorescence microscopy of 1Ae on postmortem AD brain sections, allowing unequivocal identification of Aβ plaques. The intermolecular interactions of fluorophores with Aβ were elucidated by docking studies and molecular dynamics simulations. Density functional theory calculations revealed the unique photophysics of these rod-shaped fluorophores, with a twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) excited state. These results provide valuable insights into the future application of such probes as potential diagnostic tools for AD in vitro and ex vivo such as determination of Aβ1-42 in cerebrospinal fluid or blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Rejc
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Damijan Knez
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
| | | | - Alba Espargaró
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical-Chemistry, Section of Physical-Chemistry, and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Jerneja Kladnik
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Anže Meden
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Lana Blinc
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity and Regeneration (LNPR), Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Matic Lozinšek
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Ross D Jansen-van Vuuren
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Matic Rogan
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Bruno Aleksander Martek
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Mlakar
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova 2, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Ana Dremelj
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Petrič
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia.
| | - Raimon Sabaté
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical-Chemistry, Section of Physical-Chemistry, and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| | - Mara Bresjanac
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity and Regeneration (LNPR), Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia.
| | - Balazs Pinter
- The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
| | - Janez Košmrlj
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia.
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2
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Song M, Pang L, Zhang M, Qu Y, Laster KV, Dong Z. Cdc2-like kinases: structure, biological function, and therapeutic targets for diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:148. [PMID: 37029108 PMCID: PMC10082069 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01409-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The CLKs (Cdc2-like kinases) belong to the dual-specificity protein kinase family and play crucial roles in regulating transcript splicing via the phosphorylation of SR proteins (SRSF1-12), catalyzing spliceosome molecular machinery, and modulating the activities or expression of non-splicing proteins. The dysregulation of these processes is linked with various diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, inflammatory diseases, viral replication, and cancer. Thus, CLKs have been considered as potential therapeutic targets, and significant efforts have been exerted to discover potent CLKs inhibitors. In particular, clinical trials aiming to assess the activities of the small molecules Lorecivivint on knee Osteoarthritis patients, and Cirtuvivint and Silmitasertib in different advanced tumors have been investigated for therapeutic usage. In this review, we comprehensively documented the structure and biological functions of CLKs in various human diseases and summarized the significance of related inhibitors in therapeutics. Our discussion highlights the most recent CLKs research, paving the way for the clinical treatment of various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqiu Song
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, No.127, Dongming Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Luping Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Yingzi Qu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Kyle Vaughn Laster
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, No.127, Dongming Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, China
| | - Zigang Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, No.127, Dongming Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- Academy of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
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3
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Yang T, Yang Y, Chen Y, Tang M, Shi M, Tian Y, Yuan X, Yang Z, Chen L. Rational design and appraisal of selective Cdc2-Like kinase 1 (Clk1) inhibitors as novel autophagy inducers for the treatment of acute liver injury (ALI). Eur J Med Chem 2023; 250:115168. [PMID: 36780830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy inducers are promising agents for treating certain medical illnesses, while no safe autophagy inducers are in clinical applications. Cdc2-like kinase 1 (Clk1) inhibitors induce autophagy efficiently; however, most Clk1 inhibitors lack selectivity, especially against Dyrk1A kinase. Herein, we report a series of 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-5-amine derivatives as novel Clk1 inhibitors. Through detailed structural modification and structure-activity relationship studies, compound 10ad shows potent and selective inhibition for Clk1, with an IC50 value of 5 nM and over 300-fold selectivity for Dyrk1A. Related kinase screening also validates the selectivity of compound 10ad. Furthermore, compound 10ad potently induces autophagy in vitro and exhibits significant hepatoprotective effects in the acute liver injury model induced by acetaminophen (paracetamol). In general, due to the excellent potency and selectivity, compound 10ad was worth further investigation in the treatment of autophagy-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yingxue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Minghai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Mingsong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yang Tian
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, 610014, China
| | - Xue Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhuang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Chengdu Zenitar Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Lijuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Chengdu Zenitar Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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4
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ElHady AK, El-Gamil DS, Abadi AH, Abdel-Halim M, Engel M. An overview of cdc2-like kinase 1 (Clk1) inhibitors and their therapeutic indications. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:343-398. [PMID: 36262046 DOI: 10.1002/med.21928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, Clk1 has been identified as a promising target for the treatment of various diseases, in which deregulated alternative splicing plays a role. First small molecules targeting Clk1 are in clinical trials for the treatment of solid cancer, where variants of oncogenic proteins derived from alternative splicing promote tumor progression. Since many infectious pathogens hi-jack the host cell's splicing machinery to ensure efficient replication, further indications in this area are under investigation, such as Influenza A, HIV-1 virus, and Trypanosoma infections, and more will likely be discovered in the future. In addition, Clk1 was found to contribute to the progression of Alzheimer's disease through causing an imbalance of tau splicing products. Interestingly, homozygous Clk1 knockout mice showed a rather mild phenotype, opposed to what might be expected in view of the profound role of Clk1 in alternative splicing. A major drawback of most Clk1 inhibitors is their insufficient selectivity; in particular, Dyrk kinases and haspin were frequently identified as off-targets, besides the other Clk isoforms. Only few inhibitors were shown to be selective over Dyrk1A and haspin, whereas no Clk1 inhibitor so far achieved selectivity over the Clk4 isoform. In this review, we carefully compiled all Clk1 inhibitors from the scientific literature and summarized their structure-activity relationships (SAR). In addition, we critically discuss the available selectivity data and describe the inhibitor's efficacy in cellular models, if reported. Thus, we provide a comprehensive overview on the current state of Clk1 drug discovery and highlight the most promising chemotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed K ElHady
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, New Administrative Capital, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia S El-Gamil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ashraf H Abadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Abdel-Halim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Matthias Engel
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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5
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Rammohan M, Harris E, Bhansali RS, Zhao E, Li LS, Crispino JD. The chromosome 21 kinase DYRK1A: emerging roles in cancer biology and potential as a therapeutic target. Oncogene 2022; 41:2003-2011. [PMID: 35220406 PMCID: PMC8977259 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02245-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1 A (DYRK1A) is a serine/threonine kinase that belongs to the DYRK family of proteins, a subgroup of the evolutionarily conserved CMGC protein kinase superfamily. Due to its localization on chromosome 21, the biological significance of DYRK1A was initially characterized in the pathogenesis of Down syndrome (DS) and related neurodegenerative diseases. However, increasing evidence has demonstrated a prominent role in cancer through its ability to regulate biologic processes including cell cycle progression, DNA damage repair, transcription, ubiquitination, tyrosine kinase activity, and cancer stem cell maintenance. DYRK1A has been identified as both an oncogene and tumor suppressor in different models, underscoring the importance of cellular context in its function. Here, we review mechanistic contributions of DYRK1A to cancer biology and its role as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malini Rammohan
- Driskill Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ethan Harris
- University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Experimental Hematology, Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Rahul S Bhansali
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emily Zhao
- Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Loretta S Li
- Molecular and Translational Cancer Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John D Crispino
- Division of Experimental Hematology, Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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6
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Al-Tawil MF, Daoud S, Hatmal MM, Taha MO. Discovery of new Cdc2-like kinase 4 (CLK4) inhibitors via pharmacophore exploration combined with flexible docking-based ligand/receptor contact fingerprints and machine learning. RSC Adv 2022; 12:10686-10700. [PMID: 35424985 PMCID: PMC8982525 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00136e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cdc2-like kinase 4 (CLK4) inhibitors are of potential therapeutic value in many diseases particularly cancer. In this study, we combined extensive ligand-based pharmacophore exploration, ligand–receptor contact fingerprints generated by flexible docking, physicochemical descriptors and machine learning-quantitative structure–activity relationship (ML-QSAR) analysis to investigate the pharmacophoric/binding requirements for potent CLK4 antagonists. Several ML methods were attempted to tie these properties with anti-CLK4 bioactivities including multiple linear regression (MLR), random forests (RF), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), probabilistic neural network (PNN), and support vector regression (SVR). A genetic function algorithm (GFA) was combined with each method for feature selection. Eventually, GFA-SVR was found to produce the best self-consistent and predictive model. The model selected three pharmacophores, three ligand–receptor contacts and two physicochemical descriptors. The GFA-SVR model and associated pharmacophore models were used to screen the National Cancer Institute (NCI) structural database for novel CLK4 antagonists. Three potent hits were identified with the best one showing an anti-CLK4 IC50 value of 57 nM. Ligand-based pharmacophores, ligand–receptor contact fingerprints, physicochemical descriptors and machine learning were combined to probe binding of potent CLK4 antagonists. GFA-SVR gave the best model. Virtual screening identified 3 nanomolar hits.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Fayiz Al-Tawil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jordan Amman 11942 Jordan
| | - Safa Daoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Sciences Private University Amman Jordan
| | - Ma'mon M Hatmal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University PO Box 330127 Zarqa 13133 Jordan
| | - Mutasem Omar Taha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jordan Amman 11942 Jordan
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7
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Qin Z, Qin L, Feng X, Li Z, Bian J. Development of Cdc2-like Kinase 2 Inhibitors: Achievements and Future Directions. J Med Chem 2021; 64:13191-13211. [PMID: 34519506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cdc2-like kinases (CLKs; CLK1-4) are associated with various neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic regulation, and viral infection and have been recognized as potential drug targets. Human CLK2 has received increasing attention as a regulator that phosphorylates serine- and arginine-rich (SR) proteins and subsequently modulates the alternative splicing of precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA), which is an attractive target for degenerative disease and cancer. Numerous CLK2 inhibitors have been identified, with several molecules currently in clinical development. The first CLK2 inhibitor Lorecivivint (compound 1) has recently entered phase 3 clinical trials. However, highly selective CLK2 inhibitors are rarely reported. This Perspective summarizes the biological roles and therapeutic potential of CLK2 along with progress on the development of CLK2 inhibitors and discusses the achievements and future prospects of CLK2 inhibitors for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, P. R. China
| | - Lian Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, P. R. China
| | - Xi Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, P. R. China
| | - Jinlei Bian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, P. R. China
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8
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Deshmukh V, Seo T, O'Green A, Ibanez M, Hofilena B, KC S, Stewart J, Dellamary L, Chiu K, Ghias A, Barroga C, Kennedy S, Tambiah J, Hood J, Yazici Y. SM04755, a small-molecule inhibitor of the Wnt pathway, as a potential topical treatment for tendinopathy. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:2048-2061. [PMID: 33104243 PMCID: PMC8451793 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The Wnt pathway is upregulated in tendinopathy, affecting inflammation and tenocyte differentiation. Given its potential role in tendinopathy, this signaling pathway may be a relevant target for treatment. The current study examined the therapeutic potential of SM04755, a topical, small-molecule Wnt pathway inhibitor, for the treatment of tendinopathy using in vitro assays and animal models. In vitro, SM04755 decreased Wnt pathway activity, induced tenocyte differentiation, and inhibited catabolic enzymes and pro-inflammatory cytokines in human mesenchymal stem cells, rat tendon-derived stem cells, and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Evaluation of the mechanism of action of SM04755 by biochemical profiling and computational modeling identified CDC-like kinase 2 (CLK2) and dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) as molecular targets. CLK and DYRK1A inhibition by siRNA knockdown or pharmacological inhibition induced tenocyte differentiation and reduced tenocyte catabolism. In vivo, topically applied SM04755 showed therapeutically relevant exposure in tendons with low systemic exposure and no detectable toxicity in rats. Moreover, SM04755 showed reduced tendon inflammation and evidence of tendon regeneration, decreased pain, and improved weight-bearing function in rat collagenase-induced tendinopathy models compared with vehicle control. Together, these data demonstrate that CLK2 and DYRK1A inhibition by SM04755 resulted in Wnt pathway inhibition, enhanced tenocyte differentiation and protection, and reduced inflammation. SM04755 has the potential to benefit symptoms and modify disease processes in tendinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tim Seo
- Samumed, LLCSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | | | | | - Sunil KC
- Samumed, LLCSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John Hood
- Formerly Samumed, LLCSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
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9
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ElHady AK, El-Gamil DS, Chen PJ, Hwang TL, Abadi AH, Abdel-Halim M, Engel M. 5-Methoxybenzothiophene-2-Carboxamides as Inhibitors of Clk1/4: Optimization of Selectivity and Cellular Potency. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041001. [PMID: 33668683 PMCID: PMC7918793 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Clks have been shown by recent studies to be promising targets for cancer therapy, as they are considered key regulators in the process of pre-mRNA splicing, which in turn affects every aspect of tumor biology. In particular, Clk1 and -4 are overexpressed in several human tumors. Most of the potent Clk1 inhibitors reported in the literature are non-selective, mainly showing off-target activity towards Clk2, Dyrk1A and Dyrk1B. Herein, we present new 5-methoxybenzothiophene-2-carboxamide derivatives with unprecedented selectivity. In particular, the introduction of a 3,5-difluoro benzyl extension to the methylated amide led to the discovery of compound 10b (cell-free IC50 = 12.7 nM), which was four times more selective for Clk1 over Clk2 than the previously published flagship compound 1b. Moreover, 10b showed an improved growth inhibitory activity with T24 cells (GI50 = 0.43 µM). Furthermore, a new binding model in the ATP pocket of Clk1 was developed based on the structure-activity relationships derived from new rigidified analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed K. ElHady
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt; (A.K.E.); (D.S.E.-G.); (A.H.A.); (M.A.-H.)
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, New Administrative Capital, Cairo 11865, Egypt
| | - Dalia S. El-Gamil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt; (A.K.E.); (D.S.E.-G.); (A.H.A.); (M.A.-H.)
| | - Po-Jen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (P.-J.C.); (T.-L.H.)
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, Taichung 433, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (P.-J.C.); (T.-L.H.)
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan
| | - Ashraf H. Abadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt; (A.K.E.); (D.S.E.-G.); (A.H.A.); (M.A.-H.)
| | - Mohammad Abdel-Halim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt; (A.K.E.); (D.S.E.-G.); (A.H.A.); (M.A.-H.)
| | - Matthias Engel
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2.3, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-681-302-70312; Fax: +49-681-302-70308
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10
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Brahmaiah D, Kanaka Durga Bhavani A, Aparna P, Sampath Kumar N, Solhi H, Le Guevel R, Baratte B, Ruchaud S, Bach S, Singh Jadav S, Raji Reddy C, Roisnel T, Mosset P, Levoin N, Grée R. Discovery of DB18, a potent inhibitor of CLK kinases with a high selectivity against DYRK1A kinase. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 31:115962. [PMID: 33422908 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We describe in this paper the synthesis of a novel series of anilino-2-quinazoline derivatives. These compounds have been screened against a panel of eight mammalian kinases and in parallel they were tested for cytotoxicity on a representative panel of seven cancer cell lines. One of them (DB18) has been found to be a very potent inhibitor of human "CDC2-like kinases" CLK1, CLK2 and CLK4, with IC50 values in the 10-30 nM range. Interestingly, this molecule is inactive at 100 μM on the closely related "dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase 1A" (DYRK1A). Extensive molecular simulation studies have been performed on the relevant kinases to explain the strong affinity of this molecule on CLKs, as well as its selectivity against DYRK1A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dabbugoddu Brahmaiah
- Chemveda Life Sciences India Pvt. Ltd., #B-11/1, IDA Uppal, Hyderabad 500039, Telangana, India; Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, Kukatpally, Hyderabad 500 085, Telangana, India
| | | | - Pasula Aparna
- Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, Kukatpally, Hyderabad 500 085, Telangana, India
| | | | - Hélène Solhi
- Univ Rennes, Plateform ImPACcell, BIOSIT, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Rémy Le Guevel
- Univ Rennes, Plateform ImPACcell, BIOSIT, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Blandine Baratte
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, FR 2424, Plateforme de criblage KISSf (Kinase Inhibitor Specialized Screening Facility), Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688 Roscoff Cedex, France; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models Laboratory (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688 Roscoff Cedex, France
| | - Sandrine Ruchaud
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models Laboratory (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688 Roscoff Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Bach
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, FR 2424, Plateforme de criblage KISSf (Kinase Inhibitor Specialized Screening Facility), Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688 Roscoff Cedex, France; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models Laboratory (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688 Roscoff Cedex, France
| | - Surender Singh Jadav
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, TS, India
| | - Chada Raji Reddy
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, TS, India
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Paul Mosset
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Nicolas Levoin
- Bioprojet-Biotech, 4 rue du Chesnay Beauregard, BP 96205, 35762 Saint Grégoire, France
| | - René Grée
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
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11
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Sireesha R, Sreenivasulu R, Chandrasekhar C, Jadav SS, Pavani Y, Rao MVB, Subbarao M. Design, synthesis, anti-cancer evaluation and binding mode studies of benzimidazole/benzoxazole linked β-carboline derivatives. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Cdc-Like Kinases (CLKs): Biology, Chemical Probes, and Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207549. [PMID: 33066143 PMCID: PMC7593917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases represent a very pharmacologically attractive class of targets; however, some members of the family still remain rather unexplored. The biology and therapeutic potential of cdc-like kinases (CLKs) have been explored mainly over the last decade and the first CLK inhibitor, compound SM08502, entered clinical trials only recently. This review summarizes the biological roles and therapeutic potential of CLKs and their heretofore published small-molecule inhibitors, with a focus on the compounds' potential to be utilized as quality chemical biology probes.
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13
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Fergany AAM, Tatarskiy VV. RNA Splicing: Basic Aspects Underlie Antitumor Targeting. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2020; 15:293-305. [PMID: 32900350 DOI: 10.2174/1574892815666200908122402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RNA splicing, a fundamental step in gene expression, is aimed at intron removal and ordering of exons to form the protein's reading frame. OBJECTIVE This review is focused on the role of RNA splicing in cancer biology; the splicing abnormalities that lead to tumor progression emerge as targets for therapeutic intervention. METHODS We discuss the role of aberrant mRNA splicing in carcinogenesis and drug response. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Pharmacological modulation of RNA splicing sets the stage for treatment approaches in situations where mRNA splicing is a clinically meaningful mechanism of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alzahraa A M Fergany
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Victor V Tatarskiy
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
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14
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Deshmukh V, O'Green AL, Bossard C, Seo T, Lamangan L, Ibanez M, Ghias A, Lai C, Do L, Cho S, Cahiwat J, Chiu K, Pedraza M, Anderson S, Harris R, Dellamary L, Kc S, Barroga C, Melchior B, Tam B, Kennedy S, Tambiah J, Hood J, Yazici Y. Modulation of the Wnt pathway through inhibition of CLK2 and DYRK1A by lorecivivint as a novel, potentially disease-modifying approach for knee osteoarthritis treatment. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27:1347-1360. [PMID: 31132406 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Wnt pathway upregulation contributes to knee osteoarthritis (OA) through osteoblast differentiation, increased catabolic enzymes, and inflammation. The small-molecule Wnt pathway inhibitor, lorecivivint (SM04690), which previously demonstrated chondrogenesis and cartilage protection in an animal OA model, was evaluated to elucidate its mechanism of action. DESIGN Biochemical assays measured kinase activity. Western blots measured protein phosphorylation in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), chondrocytes, and synovial fibroblasts. siRNA knockdown effects in hMSCs and BEAS-2B cells on Wnt pathway, chondrogenic genes, and LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines was measured by qPCR. In vivo anti-inflammation, pain, and function were evaluated following single intra-articular (IA) lorecivivint or vehicle injection in the monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced rat OA model. RESULTS Lorecivivint inhibited intranuclear kinases CDC-like kinase 2 (CLK2) and dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A). Lorecivivint inhibited CLK2-mediated phosphorylation of serine/arginine-rich (SR) splicing factors and DYRK1A-mediated phosphorylation of SIRT1 and FOXO1. siRNA knockdowns identified a role for CLK2 and DYRK1A in Wnt pathway modulation without affecting β-catenin with CLK2 inhibition inducing early chondrogenesis and DYRK1A inhibition enhancing mature chondrocyte function. NF-κB and STAT3 inhibition by lorecivivint reduced inflammation. DYRK1A knockdown was sufficient for anti-inflammatory effects, while combined DYRK1A/CLK2 knockdown enhanced this effect. In the MIA model, lorecivivint inhibited production of inflammatory cytokines and cartilage degradative enzymes, resulting in increased joint cartilage, decreased pain, and improved weight-bearing function. CONCLUSIONS Lorecivivint inhibition of CLK2 and DYRK1A suggested a novel mechanism for Wnt pathway inhibition, enhancing chondrogenesis, chondrocyte function, and anti-inflammation. Lorecivivint shows potential to modify structure and improve symptoms of knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - T Seo
- Samumed, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | | | - M Ibanez
- Samumed, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - A Ghias
- Samumed, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - C Lai
- Samumed, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - L Do
- Samumed, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - S Cho
- Samumed, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | | | - K Chiu
- Samumed, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | | | | | - R Harris
- Samumed, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | | | - S Kc
- Samumed, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | | | | | - B Tam
- Formerly Samumed, LLC, USA.
| | | | | | - J Hood
- Formerly Samumed, LLC, USA.
| | - Y Yazici
- Samumed, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Chauhan K, Kalam H, Dutt R, Kumar D. RNA Splicing: A New Paradigm in Host-Pathogen Interactions. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:1565-1575. [PMID: 30857970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
RNA splicing brings diversity to the eukaryotic proteome. Different spliced variants of a gene may differ in their structure, function, localization, and stability influencing protein stoichiometry and physiological outcomes. Alternate spliced variants of different genes are known to associate with various chronic pathologies including cancer. Emerging evidence suggests precise regulation of splicing as fundamental to normal well-being. In this context, infection-induced alternative splicing has emerged as a new pivot of host function, which pathogenic microbes can alter-directly or indirectly-to tweak the host immune responses against the pathogen. The implications of these findings are vast, and although not explored much in the case of pathogenic infections, we present here examples from splicing mediated regulation of immune responses across a variety of conditions and explore how this fascinating finding brings a new paradigm to host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Chauhan
- Cellular Immunology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Haroon Kalam
- Cellular Immunology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ravi Dutt
- Cellular Immunology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Dhiraj Kumar
- Cellular Immunology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India.
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16
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Imamura RM, Kumagai K, Nakano H, Okabe T, Nagano T, Kojima H. Inexpensive High-Throughput Screening of Kinase Inhibitors Using One-Step Enzyme-Coupled Fluorescence Assay for ADP Detection. SLAS DISCOVERY 2018; 24:284-294. [PMID: 30418800 DOI: 10.1177/2472555218810139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinases are attractive targets for both biological research and drug development. Several assay kits, especially for the detection of adenosine diphosphate (ADP), which is universally produced by kinases, are commercially available for high-throughput screening (HTS) of kinase inhibitors, but their cost is quite high for large-scale screening. Here, we report a new enzyme-coupled fluorescence assay for ADP detection, which uses just 10 inexpensive, commercially available components. The assay protocol is very simple, requiring only the mixing of test solutions with ADP detection solution and reading the fluorescence intensity of resorufin produced by coupling reaction. To validate the assay, we focused on CDC2-like kinase 1 (CLK1), a dual-specificity kinase that plays an important role in alternative splicing, and we used the optimized assay to screen an in-house chemical library of about 215,000 compounds for CLK1 inhibitors. We identified and validated 12 potent inhibitors of CLK1, including a novel inhibitory scaffold. The results demonstrate that this assay platform is not only simple and cost-effective, but also sufficiently robust, showing good reproducibility and giving similar results to those obtained with the widely used ADP-Glo bioluminescent assay.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kazuo Kumagai
- 1 Drug Discovery Initiative, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,2 Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nakano
- 1 Drug Discovery Initiative, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Okabe
- 1 Drug Discovery Initiative, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nagano
- 1 Drug Discovery Initiative, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotatsu Kojima
- 1 Drug Discovery Initiative, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Llorach-Pares L, Nonell-Canals A, Avila C, Sanchez-Martinez M. Kororamides, Convolutamines, and Indole Derivatives as Possible Tau and Dual-Specificity Kinase Inhibitors for Alzheimer's Disease: A Computational Study. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16100386. [PMID: 30332805 PMCID: PMC6213646 DOI: 10.3390/md16100386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is becoming one of the most disturbing health and socioeconomic problems nowadays, as it is a neurodegenerative pathology with no treatment, which is expected to grow further due to population ageing. Actual treatments for AD produce only a modest amelioration of symptoms, although there is a constant ongoing research of new therapeutic strategies oriented to improve the amelioration of the symptoms, and even to completely cure the disease. A principal feature of AD is the presence of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) induced by the aberrant phosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein tau in the brains of affected individuals. Glycogen synthetase kinase-3 beta (GSK3β), casein kinase 1 delta (CK1δ), dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) and dual-specificity kinase cdc2-like kinase 1 (CLK1) have been identified as the principal proteins involved in this process. Due to this, the inhibition of these kinases has been proposed as a plausible therapeutic strategy to fight AD. In this study, we tested in silico the inhibitory activity of different marine natural compounds, as well as newly-designed molecules from some of them, over the mentioned protein kinases, finding some new possible inhibitors with potential therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Llorach-Pares
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Mind the Byte S.L., 08007 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | | | - Conxita Avila
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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18
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Wai H, Du K, Anesini J, Kim WS, Eastman A, Micalizio GC. Synthesis and Discovery of Estra-1,3,5(10),6,8-pentaene-2,16α-diol. Org Lett 2018; 20:6220-6224. [PMID: 30221523 PMCID: PMC6415968 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A metallacycle-centered approach to the assembly of partially aromatic synthetic steroids was investigated as a means to prepare a boutique collection of unique steroidal agents. The synthesis and discovery of estra-1,3,5(10),6,8-pentaene-2,16α-diol (VII) is described, along with structure-activity relationships related to its cytotoxic properties. Overall, VII was found to have a GI50 = 0.2 μg/mL (∼800 nM) in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells, be an efficacious estrogen receptor agonist with potency for ERβ > ERα (ERβ EC50 = 21 nM), possess selective affinity to the cdc-2-like kinase CLK4 (Kd = 350 nM), and be phenotypically related to paclitaxel by an unbiased panel assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- HtooTint Wai
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Burke Laboratory, Hanover, NH 03756
| | - Kang Du
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Burke Laboratory, Hanover, NH 03756
| | - Jason Anesini
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Burke Laboratory, Hanover, NH 03756
| | - Wan Shin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Burke Laboratory, Hanover, NH 03756
| | - Alan Eastman
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH 03755
| | - Glenn C. Micalizio
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Burke Laboratory, Hanover, NH 03756
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19
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Pathak A, Rohilla A, Gupta T, Akhtar MJ, Haider MR, Sharma K, Haider K, Yar MS. DYRK1A kinase inhibition with emphasis on neurodegeneration: A comprehensive evolution story-cum-perspective. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 158:559-592. [PMID: 30243157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer, the fourth leading cause of death embodies a key responsible event including formation of β-amyloid protein clustering to amyloid plaque on blood vessels. The origin of above events is Amyloid precursor protein (APP) which is an integral membrane protein known for its function in synapses formation. Modern research had proposed that the over expression of DYRK1A (Dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation regulated kinase1A, a family of protein kinases, positioned within the Down's syndrome critical region (DSCR) on human chromosome 21causes phosphorylation of APP protein resulting in its cleavage to Aβ 40, 42 and tau proteins (regulated by beta and gamma secretase) which plays critical role in early onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) detected in Down's syndrome (DS), leading to permanent functional and structural deformities which results ultimately into neuro-degeneration and neuronal death. Therefore, DYRK1A emerges as a potential target for prevention of neuro-degeneration and hence Alzheimer. Presently, the treatment methods for Down's syndrome, as well as Alzheimer's disease are extremely biased and represent a major deficiency for therapeutic necessities. We hereby, focus our review on the current status of the research and contributions in the development of DYRK1A inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Pathak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Ankit Rohilla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Tanya Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Md Jawaid Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Md Rafi Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Kalicharan Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Kashif Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - M Shahar Yar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India.
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20
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Kallen J, Bergsdorf C, Arnaud B, Bernhard M, Brichet M, Cobos-Correa A, Elhajouji A, Freuler F, Galimberti I, Guibourdenche C, Haenni S, Holzinger S, Hunziker J, Izaac A, Kaufmann M, Leder L, Martus HJ, von Matt P, Polyakov V, Roethlisberger P, Roma G, Stiefl N, Uteng M, Lerchner A. X-ray Structures and Feasibility Assessment of CLK2 Inhibitors for Phelan-McDermid Syndrome. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1997-2007. [PMID: 29985556 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
CLK2 inhibition has been proposed as a potential mechanism to improve autism and neuronal functions in Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMDS). Herein, the discovery of a very potent indazole CLK inhibitor series and the CLK2 X-ray structure of the most potent analogue are reported. This new indazole series was identified through a biochemical CLK2 Caliper assay screen with 30k compounds selected by an in silico approach. Novel high-resolution X-ray structures of all CLKs, including the first CLK4 X-ray structure, bound to known CLK2 inhibitor tool compounds (e.g., TG003, CX-4945), are also shown and yield insight into inhibitor selectivity in the CLK family. The efficacy of the new CLK2 inhibitors from the indazole series was demonstrated in the mouse brain slice assay, and potential safety concerns were investigated. Genotoxicity findings in the human lymphocyte micronucleus test (MNT) assay are shown by using two structurally different CLK inhibitors to reveal a major concern for pan-CLK inhibition in PMDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Kallen
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Bergsdorf
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bertrand Arnaud
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mario Bernhard
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Murielle Brichet
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Amanda Cobos-Correa
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Azeddine Elhajouji
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Felix Freuler
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Galimberti
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christel Guibourdenche
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simon Haenni
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Holzinger
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Juerg Hunziker
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aude Izaac
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Kaufmann
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Leder
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Joerg Martus
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter von Matt
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Valery Polyakov
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrik Roethlisberger
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Guglielmo Roma
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolaus Stiefl
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Uteng
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Lerchner
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
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21
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Sun QZ, Lin GF, Li LL, Jin XT, Huang LY, Zhang G, Yang W, Chen K, Xiang R, Chen C, Wei YQ, Lu GW, Yang SY. Discovery of Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Cdc2-Like Kinase 1 (CLK1) as a New Class of Autophagy Inducers. J Med Chem 2017; 60:6337-6352. [PMID: 28692292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy inducers represent new promising agents for the treatment of a wide range of medical illnesses. However, safe autophagy inducers for clinical applications are lacking. Inhibition of cdc2-like kinase 1 (CLK1) was recently found to efficiently induce autophagy. Unfortunately, most of the known CLK1 inhibitors have unsatisfactory selectivity. Herein, we report the discovery of a series of new CLK1 inhibitors containing the 1H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-c]quinoline scaffold. Among them, compound 25 was the most potent and selective, with an IC50 value of 2 nM against CLK1. The crystal structure of CLK1 complexed with compound 25 was solved, and the potency and kinase selectivity of compound 25 were interpreted. Compound 25 was able to induce autophagy in in vitro assays and displayed significant hepatoprotective effects in the acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury mouse model. Collectively, due to its potency and selectivity, compound 25 could be used as a chemical probe or agent in future mechanism-of-action or autophagy-related disease therapy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Zheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy , Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Gui-Feng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy , Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University , Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Ting Jin
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University , Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Lu-Yi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy , Chengdu 610041, P.R. China.,School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy , Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Guo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University , Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Wei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University , Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy , Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Chong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy , Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Quan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy , Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Wen Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy , Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy , Chengdu 610041, P.R. China.,School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy , Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
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22
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Bates DO, Morris JC, Oltean S, Donaldson LF. Pharmacology of Modulators of Alternative Splicing. Pharmacol Rev 2017; 69:63-79. [PMID: 28034912 PMCID: PMC5226212 DOI: 10.1124/pr.115.011239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 95% of genes in the human genome are alternatively spliced to form multiple transcripts, often encoding proteins with differing or opposing function. The control of alternative splicing is now being elucidated, and with this comes the opportunity to develop modulators of alternative splicing that can control cellular function. A number of approaches have been taken to develop compounds that can experimentally, and sometimes clinically, affect splicing control, resulting in potential novel therapeutics. Here we develop the concepts that targeting alternative splicing can result in relatively specific pathway inhibitors/activators that result in dampening down of physiologic or pathologic processes, from changes in muscle physiology to altering angiogenesis or pain. The targets and pharmacology of some of the current inhibitors/activators of alternative splicing are demonstrated and future directions discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David O Bates
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom (D.O.B.); School of Chemistry, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia (J.C.M.); School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neurosciences, School of Clinical Sciences/Bristol Renal, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (S.O.); and School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom (L.F.D.)
| | - Jonathan C Morris
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom (D.O.B.); School of Chemistry, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia (J.C.M.); School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neurosciences, School of Clinical Sciences/Bristol Renal, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (S.O.); and School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom (L.F.D.)
| | - Sebastian Oltean
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom (D.O.B.); School of Chemistry, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia (J.C.M.); School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neurosciences, School of Clinical Sciences/Bristol Renal, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (S.O.); and School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom (L.F.D.)
| | - Lucy F Donaldson
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom (D.O.B.); School of Chemistry, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia (J.C.M.); School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neurosciences, School of Clinical Sciences/Bristol Renal, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (S.O.); and School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom (L.F.D.)
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23
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Shaw SJ, Goff DA, Lin N, Singh R, Li W, McLaughlin J, Baltgalvis KA, Payan DG, Kinsella TM. Developing DYRK inhibitors derived from the meridianins as a means of increasing levels of NFAT in the nucleus. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:2617-2621. [PMID: 28408219 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A structure-activity relationship has been developed around the meridianin scaffold for inhibition of Dyrk1a. The compounds have been focussed on the inhibition of kinase Dyrk1a, as a means to retain the transcription factor NFAT in the nucleus. NFAT is responsible for up-regulation of genes responsible for the induction of a slow, oxidative skeletal muscle phenotype, which may be an effective treatment for diseases where exercise capacity is compromised. The SAR showed that while strong Dyrk1a binding was possible with the meridianin scaffold the compounds have no effect on NFAT localisation, however, by moving from the indole to a 6-azaindole scaffold both potent Dyrk1a binding and increased NFAT residence time in the nucleus were obtained - properties not observed with the reported Dyrk1a inhibitors. One compound was shown to be effective in an ex vivo muscle fiber assay. The increased biological activity is thought to arise from the added interaction between the azaindole nitrogen and the lysine residue in the back pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J Shaw
- Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 1180, Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Dane A Goff
- Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 1180, Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Nan Lin
- Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 1180, Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Rajinder Singh
- Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 1180, Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 1180, Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - John McLaughlin
- Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 1180, Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Kristen A Baltgalvis
- Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 1180, Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Donald G Payan
- Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 1180, Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Todd M Kinsella
- Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 1180, Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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24
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Czubaty A, Piekiełko-Witkowska A. Protein kinases that phosphorylate splicing factors: Roles in cancer development, progression and possible therapeutic options. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 91:102-115. [PMID: 28552434 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Disturbed alternative splicing is a common feature of human tumors. Splicing factors that control alternative splicing are phosphorylated by multiple kinases, including these that specifically add phosphoryl groups to serine-arginine rich proteins (e.g. SR-protein kinases, cdc2-like kinases, topoisomerase 1), and protein kinases that govern key cellular signaling pathways (i.e. AKT). Phosphorylation of splicing factors regulates their subcellular localization and interactions with target transcripts and protein partners, and thus significantly contributes the final result of splicing reactions. In this review we aim to summarize the current knowledge on the role of splicing kinases in cancer. Published studies and recently released data of The Cancer Genome Atlas demonstrate that expressions and activities of splicing kinases are commonly disturbed in cancers. Aberrant functioning of splicing kinases results in changed alternative splicing of tumor suppressors (e.g. p53) and regulators of cell signaling (e.g. MAPKs), apoptosis (e.g. MCL), and angiogenesis (VEGF). Splicing kinases act in complicated regulatory networks in which they mutually affect each other's activity to provide tight control of cellular signaling. Dysregulation of these regulatory networks contributes to oncogenic transformation, uncontrolled proliferation, enhanced migration and invasion. Furthermore, the activities of splicing kinases significantly contribute to cellular responses to genotoxic stress. In conclusion, published data provide strong evidence that splicing kinases emerge as important regulators of key processes governing malignant transformation, progression, and response to therapeutic treatments, suggesting their potential as clinically relevant targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Czubaty
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, ul. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Piekiełko-Witkowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, ul. Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
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25
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Exploration of the imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine scaffold as a protein kinase inhibitor. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 125:696-709. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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26
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Walter A, Chaikuad A, Loaëc N, Preu L, Knapp S, Meijer L, Kunick C, Koch O. Identification of CLK1 Inhibitors by a Fragment-linking Based Virtual Screening. Mol Inform 2016; 36. [PMID: 28000414 DOI: 10.1002/minf.201600123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Alternative splicing plays an important role in the regulation of protein biosynthesis. CDC2-like kinases (CLKs) phosphorylate splicing factors rendering them a potential target for treating diseases caused by splicing dysregulation. As selective and potent inhibitors of CLK1 are still lacking, a fragment-linking based virtual screening campaign was successfully applied to identify new inhibitors showing activity on CLK1. These inhibitors exhibit a novel 2,4-substituted 1,3-thiazole scaffold that is suitable for further modification. A subsequently performed docking and protein structure based analysis revealed first hints for inhibitors showing preferred binding activity for CLK1 and DYRK2 over other splicing kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Walter
- Institut für Medizinische und Pharmazeutische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstraße 55, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Apirat Chaikuad
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Chemical Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, U.K.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nadège Loaëc
- ManRos Therapeutics, Hôtel de Recherche, Centre de Perharidy, 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Lutz Preu
- Institut für Medizinische und Pharmazeutische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstraße 55, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Chemical Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, U.K.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Laurent Meijer
- ManRos Therapeutics, Hôtel de Recherche, Centre de Perharidy, 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Conrad Kunick
- Institut für Medizinische und Pharmazeutische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstraße 55, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Oliver Koch
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät für Chemie und chemische Biologie, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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27
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Labrière C, Lozach O, Blairvacq M, Meijer L, Guillou C. Further investigation of Paprotrain: Towards the conception of selective and multi-targeted CNS kinase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 124:920-934. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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28
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Duchon A, Herault Y. DYRK1A, a Dosage-Sensitive Gene Involved in Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Is a Target for Drug Development in Down Syndrome. Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 10:104. [PMID: 27375444 PMCID: PMC4891327 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is one of the leading causes of intellectual disability, and patients with DS face various health issues, including learning and memory deficits, congenital heart disease, Alzheimer's disease (AD), leukemia, and cancer, leading to huge medical and social costs. Remarkable advances on DS research have been made in improving cognitive function in mouse models for future therapeutic approaches in patients. Among the different approaches, DYRK1A inhibitors have emerged as promising therapeutics to reduce DS cognitive deficits. DYRK1A is a dual-specificity kinase that is overexpressed in DS and plays a key role in neurogenesis, outgrowth of axons and dendrites, neuronal trafficking and aging. Its pivotal role in the DS phenotype makes it a prime target for the development of therapeutics. Recently, disruption of DYRK1A has been found in Autosomal Dominant Mental Retardation 7 (MRD7), resulting in severe mental deficiency. Recent advances in the development of kinase inhibitors are expected, in the near future, to remove DS from the list of incurable diseases, providing certain conditions such as drug dosage and correct timing for the optimum long-term treatment. In addition the exact molecular and cellular mechanisms that are targeted by the inhibition of DYRK1A are still to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Duchon
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et CellulaireIllkirch, France; UMR7104, Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueIllkirch, France; U964, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleIllkirch, France; Université de StrasbourgIllkirch, France
| | - Yann Herault
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et CellulaireIllkirch, France; UMR7104, Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueIllkirch, France; U964, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleIllkirch, France; Université de StrasbourgIllkirch, France; PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris, Groupement d'Intérêt Économique-Centre Européen de Recherche en Biologie et en Médecine, CNRS, INSERMIllkirch-Graffenstaden, France
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29
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Dirice E, Walpita D, Vetere A, Meier BC, Kahraman S, Hu J, Dančík V, Burns SM, Gilbert TJ, Olson DE, Clemons PA, Kulkarni RN, Wagner BK. Inhibition of DYRK1A Stimulates Human β-Cell Proliferation. Diabetes 2016; 65:1660-71. [PMID: 26953159 PMCID: PMC4878416 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Restoring functional β-cell mass is an important therapeutic goal for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes (1). While proliferation of existing β-cells is the primary means of β-cell replacement in rodents (2), it is unclear whether a similar principle applies to humans, as human β-cells are remarkably resistant to stimulation of division (3,4). Here, we show that 5-iodotubercidin (5-IT), an annotated adenosine kinase inhibitor previously reported to increase proliferation in rodent and porcine islets (5), strongly and selectively increases human β-cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Remarkably, 5-IT also increased glucose-dependent insulin secretion after prolonged treatment. Kinome profiling revealed 5-IT to be a potent and selective inhibitor of the dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase (DYRK) and cell division cycle-like kinase families. Induction of β-cell proliferation by either 5-IT or harmine, another natural product DYRK1A inhibitor, was suppressed by coincubation with the calcineurin inhibitor FK506, suggesting involvement of DYRK1A and nuclear factor of activated T cells signaling. Gene expression profiling in whole islets treated with 5-IT revealed induction of proliferation- and cell cycle-related genes, suggesting that true proliferation is induced by 5-IT. Furthermore, 5-IT promotes β-cell proliferation in human islets grafted under the kidney capsule of NOD-scid IL2Rg(null) mice. These results point to inhibition of DYRK1A as a therapeutic strategy to increase human β-cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ercument Dirice
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
| | - Deepika Walpita
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Amedeo Vetere
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Bennett C Meier
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Sevim Kahraman
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
| | - Jiang Hu
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
| | - Vlado Dančík
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Sean M Burns
- Chemical Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Diabetes Unit, Departments of Medicine and Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Tamara J Gilbert
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - David E Olson
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Paul A Clemons
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
| | - Bridget K Wagner
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
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30
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Synthesis of Thiazolo[5,4-f]quinazolin-9(8H)-ones as Multi-Target Directed Ligands of Ser/Thr Kinases. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21050578. [PMID: 27144552 PMCID: PMC6273584 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A library of thirty novel thiazolo[5,4-f]quinazolin-9(8H)-one derivatives belonging to four series designated as 12, 13, 14 and 15 was efficiently prepared, helped by microwave-assisted technology when required. The efficient multistep synthesis of methyl 6-amino-2-cyano- benzo[d]thiazole-7-carboxylate (1) has been reinvestigated and performed on a multigram scale. The inhibitory potency of the final products against five kinases involved in Alzheimer's disease was evaluated. This study demonstrates that some molecules of the 12 and 13 series described in this paper are particularly promising for the development of new multi-target inhibitors of kinases.
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31
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Stotani S, Giordanetto F, Medda F. DYRK1A inhibition as potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease. Future Med Chem 2016; 8:681-96. [PMID: 27073990 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2016-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In total, 47,500,000 people worldwide are affected by dementia and this number is estimated to double by 2030 and triple within 2050 resulting in a huge burden on public health. Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is the most common cause of dementia, accounting for 60-70% of all the cases. The cause of AD is still poorly understood but several brain abnormalities (e.g., loss of neuronal connections and neuronal death) have been identified in affected patients. In addition to the accumulation of β-amyloid plaques in the brain tissue, aberrant phosphorylation of tau proteins has proved to increase neuronal death. DYRK1A phosphorylates tau on 11 different Ser/Thr residues, resulting in the formation of aggregates called 'neurofibrillary tangles' which, together with amyloid plaques, could be responsible for dementia, neuronal degeneration and cell death. Small molecule inhibition of DYRK1A could thus represent an interesting approach toward the treatment of Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases. Herein we review the current progress in the identification and development of DYRK1A inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Stotani
- Medicinal Chemistry, Taros Chemicals GmbH & Co. KG, Emil-Figge-Str. 76a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Fabrizio Giordanetto
- Medicinal Chemistry, Taros Chemicals GmbH & Co. KG, Emil-Figge-Str. 76a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- DE Shaw Research, 120W 45th Street, New York, NY 10036, USA
| | - Federico Medda
- Medicinal Chemistry, Taros Chemicals GmbH & Co. KG, Emil-Figge-Str. 76a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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32
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Masaki S, Kii I, Sumida Y, Kato-Sumida T, Ogawa Y, Ito N, Nakamura M, Sonamoto R, Kataoka N, Hosoya T, Hagiwara M. Design and synthesis of a potent inhibitor of class 1 DYRK kinases as a suppressor of adipogenesis. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:4434-4441. [PMID: 26145823 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) has been demonstrated in several pathological conditions, including Alzheimer's disease and cancer progression. It has been recently reported that a gain of function-mutation in the human DYRK1B gene exacerbates metabolic syndrome by enhancing obesity. In the previous study, we developed an inhibitor of DYRK family kinases (INDY) and demonstrated that INDY suppresses the pathological phenotypes induced by overexpression of DYRK1A or DYRK1B in cellular and animal models. In this study, we designed and synthesized a novel inhibitor of DYRK family kinases based on the crystal structure of the DYRK1A/INDY complex by replacing the phenol group of INDY with dibenzofuran to produce a derivative, named BINDY. This compound exhibited potent and selective inhibitory activity toward DYRK family kinases in an in vitro assay. Furthermore, treatment of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes with BINDY hampered adipogenesis by suppressing gene expression of the critical transcription factors PPARγ and C/EBPα. This study indicates the possibility of BINDY as a potential drug for metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Masaki
- Laboratory for Malignancy Control Research, Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53, Shigoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Isao Kii
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuto Sumida
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Tomoe Kato-Sumida
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Nobutoshi Ito
- Department of Structural Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Nakamura
- Division of Natural Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8502, Japan
| | - Rie Sonamoto
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kataoka
- Laboratory for Malignancy Control Research, Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53, Shigoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Hosoya
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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33
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Abbassi R, Johns TG, Kassiou M, Munoz L. DYRK1A in neurodegeneration and cancer: Molecular basis and clinical implications. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 151:87-98. [PMID: 25795597 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinases are one of the most studied drug targets in current pharmacological research, as evidenced by the vast number of kinase-targeting agents enrolled in active clinical trials. Dual-specificity Tyrosine phosphorylation-Regulated Kinase 1A (DYRK1A) has been much less studied compared to many other kinases. DYRK1A primary function occurs during early development, where this protein regulates cellular processes related to proliferation and differentiation of neuronal progenitor cells. Although most extensively characterised for its role in brain development, DYRK1A is over-expressed in a variety of diseases including a number of human malignancies, such as haematological and brain cancers. Here we review the accumulating molecular studies that support our understanding of how DYRK1A signalling could underlie these pathological functions. The relevance of DYRK1A in a number of diseases is also substantiated with intensive drug discovery efforts to develop potent and selective inhibitors of DYRK1A. Several classes of DYRK1A inhibitors have recently been disclosed and some molecules are promising leads to develop DYRK1A inhibitors as drugs for DYRK1A-dependent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi Abbassi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Terrance G Johns
- MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Michael Kassiou
- School of Chemistry and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Lenka Munoz
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Le PT, Richardson PF, Sach NW, Xin S, Ren S, Xiao J, Xue L. Development of a Scalable Synthesis of 4-Aminopyrimidin-5-ol, a Versatile Intermediate. Org Process Res Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phuong T. Le
- Pfizer Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, 10770 Science
Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Paul F. Richardson
- Pfizer Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, 10770 Science
Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Neal W. Sach
- Pfizer Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, 10770 Science
Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Shuibo Xin
- WuXi App Tec Co., Shanghai 200131, China
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35
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Song LN, Silva J, Koller A, Rosenthal A, Chen EI, Gelmann EP. The Tumor Suppressor NKX3.1 Is Targeted for Degradation by DYRK1B Kinase. Mol Cancer Res 2015; 13:913-22. [PMID: 25777618 PMCID: PMC4511920 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-14-0680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED NKX3.1 is a prostate-specific homeodomain protein and tumor suppressor whose expression is reduced in the earliest phases of prostatic neoplasia. NKX3.1 expression is not only diminished by genetic loss and methylation, but the protein itself is a target for accelerated degradation caused by inflammation that is common in the aging prostate gland. NKX3.1 degradation is activated by phosphorylation at C-terminal serine residues that mediate ubiquitination and protein turnover. Because NKX3.1 is haploinsufficient, strategies to increase its protein stability could lead to new therapies. Here, a high-throughput screen was developed using an siRNA library for kinases that mediate NKX3.1 degradation. This approach identified several candidates, of which DYRK1B, a kinase that is subject to gene amplification and overexpression in other cancers, had the greatest impact on NKX3.1 half-life. Mechanistically, NKX3.1 and DYRK1B were shown to interact via the DYRK1B kinase domain. In addition, an in vitro kinase assay showed that DYRK1B phosphorylated NKX3.1 at serine 185, a residue critical for NKX3.1 steady-state turnover. Lastly, small-molecule inhibitors of DYRK1B prolonged NKX3.1 half-life. Thus, DYRK1B is a target for enzymatic inhibition in order to increase cellular NKX3.1. IMPLICATIONS DYRK1B is a promising and novel kinase target for prostate cancer treatment mediated by enhancing NKX3.1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose Silva
- Icahn 9th Floor, Office L9-20F, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10029-6574
| | - Antonius Koller
- Proteomics Shared Resource at the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, 177 Ft. Washington Ave., MHB 6N-435, New York, NY, 10032, 212-305-8602, Fax 212-305-3035
| | - Andrew Rosenthal
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, 9800 Medical Center Drive, MSC 3370, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370
| | - Emily I. Chen
- Proteomics Shared Resource at the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, 177 Ft. Washington Ave., MHB 6N-435, New York, NY, 10032, 212-305-8602, Fax 212-305-3035
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University Medical Center, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, 177 Ft. Washington Ave., MHB 6N-435, New York, NY, 10032, 212-305-8602, Fax 212-305-3035
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36
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Kettle JG, Ballard P, Bardelle C, Cockerill M, Colclough N, Critchlow SE, Debreczeni J, Fairley G, Fillery S, Graham MA, Goodwin L, Guichard S, Hudson K, Ward RA, Whittaker D. Discovery and optimization of a novel series of Dyrk1B kinase inhibitors to explore a MEK resistance hypothesis. J Med Chem 2015; 58:2834-44. [PMID: 25738750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Potent and selective inhibitors of Dyrk1B kinase were developed to explore the hypothesis, based on siRNA studies, that Dyrk1B may be a resistance mechanism in cells undergoing a stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason G Kettle
- Oncology iMed, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Ballard
- Oncology iMed, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Bardelle
- Oncology iMed, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Cockerill
- Oncology iMed, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Colclough
- Oncology iMed, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Susan E Critchlow
- Oncology iMed, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Judit Debreczeni
- Oncology iMed, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Fairley
- Oncology iMed, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Shaun Fillery
- Oncology iMed, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A Graham
- Oncology iMed, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Goodwin
- Oncology iMed, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvie Guichard
- Oncology iMed, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Hudson
- Oncology iMed, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Richard A Ward
- Oncology iMed, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - David Whittaker
- Oncology iMed, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
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37
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Chen YF, Lin YC, Morris-Natschke SL, Wei CF, Shen TC, Lin HY, Hsu MH, Chou LC, Zhao Y, Kuo SC, Lee KH, Huang LJ. Synthesis and SAR studies of novel 6,7,8-substituted 4-substituted benzyloxyquinolin-2(1H)-one derivatives for anticancer activity. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:1195-221. [PMID: 25363404 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE 4-Phenylquinolin-2(1H)-one (4-PQ) derivatives can induce cancer cell apoptosis. Additional new 4-PQ analogs were investigated as more effective, less toxic antitumour agents. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Forty-five 6,7,8-substituted 4-substituted benzyloxyquinolin-2(1H)-one derivatives were synthesized. Antiproliferative activities were evaluated using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliun bromide assay and structure-activity relationship correlations were established. Compounds 9b, 9c, 9e and 11e were also evaluated against the National Cancer Institute-60 human cancer cell line panel. Hoechst 33258 and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining assays were used to detect apoptosis, while inhibition of microtubule polymerization was assayed by fluorescence microscopy. Effects on the cell cycle were assessed by flow cytometry and on apoptosis-related proteins (active caspase-3, -8 and -9, procaspase-3, -8, -9, PARP, Bid, Bcl-xL and Bcl-2) by Western blotting. KEY RESULTS Nine 6,7,8-substituted 4-substituted benzyloxyquinolin-2(1H)-one derivatives (7e, 8e, 9b, 9c, 9e, 10c, 10e, 11c and 11e) displayed high potency against HL-60, Hep3B, H460, and COLO 205 cancer cells (IC₅₀ < 1 μM) without affecting Detroit 551 normal human cells (IC₅₀ > 50 μM). Particularly, compound 11e exhibited nanomolar potency against COLO 205 cancer cells. Mechanistic studies indicated that compound 11e disrupted microtubule assembly and induced G2/M arrest, polyploidy and apoptosis via the intrinsic and extrinsic signalling pathways. Activation of JNK could play a role in TRAIL-induced COLO 205 apoptosis. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS New quinolone derivatives were identified as potential pro-apoptotic agents. Compound 11e could be a promising lead compound for future antitumour agent development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fong Chen
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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38
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Loidreau Y, Deau E, Marchand P, Nourrisson MR, Logé C, Coadou G, Loaëc N, Meijer L, Besson T. Synthesis and molecular modelling studies of 8-arylpyrido[3',2':4,5]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-amines as multitarget Ser/Thr kinases inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 92:124-34. [PMID: 25549552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the design and synthesis of a novel series of 8-arylpyrido[3',2':4,5]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-amines via microwave-assisted multi-step synthesis. A common precursor of the whole series, 3-amino-5-bromothieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carbonitrile, was rapidly synthesized in one step from commercially-available 5-bromo-2-chloronicotinonitrile. Formylation with DMF-DMA led to (E)-N'-(5-bromo-2-cyanothieno[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)-N,N-dimethylformimidamide (4) which was conveniently functionalized at position 8 by palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling to introduce a heteroaromatic ring. High-temperature formamide-mediated cyclization of the cyanoamidine intermediate gave seventeen 8-arylpyrido[3',2':4,5]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-amines. The inhibitory potency of the final products was evaluated against five protein kinases (CDK5/p25, CK1δ/ε, GSK3α/β, DYRK1A and CLK1) and revealed that 8-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pyrido[3',2':4,5]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-amine 1g specifically inhibits CK1δ/ε and CLK1 (220 and 88 nM, respectively) while its 7-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pyrido[3',2':4,5]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-amine isomer 10 showed no activity on the panel of tested kinases. Molecular modelling of 10 and 1g in the ATP binding sites of CK1δ/ε and CLK1 showed that functionalization at position 7 of pyrido[3',2':4,5]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-amines is likely to induce a steric clash on the CK1δ/ε P-loop and thus a complete loss of inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonnick Loidreau
- Normandie Univ, COBRA, UMR 6014 & FR 3038; Univ Rouen; INSA Rouen; CNRS, Bâtiment IRCOF, 1 rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont St Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Emmanuel Deau
- Normandie Univ, COBRA, UMR 6014 & FR 3038; Univ Rouen; INSA Rouen; CNRS, Bâtiment IRCOF, 1 rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont St Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Pascal Marchand
- Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique, Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et du Cancer, IICiMed UPRES EA 1155, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes, France
| | - Marie-Renée Nourrisson
- Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique, Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et du Cancer, IICiMed UPRES EA 1155, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes, France
| | - Cédric Logé
- Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique, Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et du Cancer, IICiMed UPRES EA 1155, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes, France
| | - Gaël Coadou
- Normandie Univ, COBRA, UMR 6014 & FR 3038; Univ Rouen; INSA Rouen; CNRS, Bâtiment IRCOF, 1 rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont St Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Nadège Loaëc
- Protein Phosphorylation & Human Disease Group, Station Biologique, 29680 Roscoff, France; Manros Therapeutics, Centre de Perharidy, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Laurent Meijer
- Manros Therapeutics, Centre de Perharidy, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Thierry Besson
- Normandie Univ, COBRA, UMR 6014 & FR 3038; Univ Rouen; INSA Rouen; CNRS, Bâtiment IRCOF, 1 rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont St Aignan Cedex, France.
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Identification of a novel function of CX-4945 as a splicing regulator. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94978. [PMID: 24743259 PMCID: PMC3990583 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing is a nearly ubiquitous versatile process that controls gene expression and creates numerous protein isoforms with different functions from a single gene. The significance of alternative splicing has been confirmed by the increasing number of human diseases that are caused by misregulation of splicing events. Very few compounds, however, have been reported to act as inhibitors of alternative splicing, and their potential clinical use needs to be evaluated. Here, we report that CX-4945, a previously well-characterized inhibitor of casein kinase 2 (CK2) and a molecule currently in clinical trials (Phase II) for cancer treatment, regulates splicing in mammalian cells in a CK2-independent manner. Transcriptome-wide analysis using exon array also showed a widespread alteration in alternative splicing of numerous genes. We found that CX-4945 potently inhibits the Cdc2-like kinases (Clks) in vitro and in turn, leads to suppression of the phosphorylation of serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins in mammalian cells. Surprisingly, the overall efficacy of CX-4945 on Clks (IC50 = 3-90 nM) was stronger than that of TG-003, the strongest inhibitor reported to date. Of the Clks, Clk2 was most strongly inhibited by CX-4945 in an ATP-competitive manner. Our research revealed an unexpected activity of the drug candidate CX-4945 as a potent splicing modulator and also suggested a potential application for therapy of diseases caused by abnormal splicing.
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40
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Deau E, Loidreau Y, Marchand P, Nourrisson MR, Loaëc N, Meijer L, Levacher V, Besson T. Synthesis of novel 7-substituted pyrido[2',3':4,5]furo[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-amines and their N-aryl analogues and evaluation of their inhibitory activity against Ser/Thr kinases. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:6784-8. [PMID: 24176400 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The efficient synthesis of 7-substituted pyrido[2',3':4,5]furo[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-amines and their N-aryl analogues is described. 3,5-Dibromopyridine was converted into 3-amino-6-bromofuro[3,2-b]pyridine-2-carbonitrile intermediate which was formylated with DMFDMA. Functionalization at position 7 of the tricyclic scaffold was accomplished, before or after cyclisation step, by palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling while the pyrimidin-4-amines and N-aryl counterparts were synthesized by microwave-assisted formamide degradation and Dimroth rearrangement, respectively. The final products were evaluated for their potent inhibition of a series of five Ser/Thr kinases (CDK5/p25, CK1δ/ε, CLK1, DYRK1A, GSK3α/β). Compound 35 showed the best inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 49 nM and proved to be specific to CLK1 among the panel of tested kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Deau
- Normandie Univ, COBRA, UMR 6014 & FR 3038; Univ Rouen; INSA Rouen; CNRS, Bâtiment IRCOF, 1 rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont St Aignan Cedex, France
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