1
|
Wang Z, Li L, Han J, Bai X, Wei B, Fan R. Combined metabolomics and bioactivity assays kernelby-productsof two native Chinese cherry species: The sources of bioactive nutraceutical compounds. Food Chem X 2024; 23:101625. [PMID: 39100251 PMCID: PMC11296007 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cherry kernels are a by-product of cherries that are usually discarded, leading to waste and pollution. In this study, the chemical composition of 21 batches of cherry kernels from two different cherry species was analyzed using untargeted metabolomics. The in vitro antioxidant activity, cellular antioxidant activity, and antiproliferative activity of these kernel extracts were also determined, and a correlation analysis was conducted between differential compounds and biological activity. A total of 49 differential compounds were screened. The kernels of Prunus tomentosa were found to have significantly higher total phenol, total flavonoid content, and biological activity than those of Prunus pseudocerasus (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that flavonoids had the greatest contribution to biological activity. The study suggests that both species of cherry kernel, particularly Prunus tomentosa, could be a potential source of bioactive compounds that could be used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Wang
- Department of Sanitary Inspection, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Lin Li
- Developing Pediatric department of Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University,No.36Sanhao Street, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Jiaqi Han
- Department of Sanitary Inspection, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Xinyu Bai
- Department of Sanitary Inspection, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Binbin Wei
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Ronghua Fan
- Department of Sanitary Inspection, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nawrot-Hadzik I, Matkowski A, Fast M, Choromańska A. The combination of pro-oxidative acting vanicosides and GLUT1 inhibitor (WZB117) exerts a synergistic cytotoxic effect against melanoma cells. Fitoterapia 2023; 171:105702. [PMID: 37848084 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Vanicosides A and B isolated from Reynoutria sachalinensis rhizomes are disaccharide phenylpropanoid esters with proven antioxidant activity. Our earlier study showed the cytotoxic activity of vanicosides against melanoma cells, but the mechanism of cell death has not been elucidated. Based on the chemical structure of vanicosides, we proposed that they may induce cell death by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) into melanoma cells. Moreover, the glucose molecule in their structure can affect the glucose transporters (GLUTs), upregulated in cancer cells. The A375 (melanotic) and C32 (amelanotic) melanoma cell lines were applied. Cell viability assay and ROS-Glo™ assay were performed before and after blocking of Glucose Transporter Type 1 (GLUT1) by WZB117. Fibroblasts and the SKOV-3 line were included in the study to test selectivity in the action of vanicosides and help to elucidate the mechanism of action. Upon incubation with vanicosides, high production of ROS occured, especially inside C32 cells, which was significantly reduced after GLUT-1 blocking. The A375 cells produced less ROS. Melanoma cells were simillary sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of vanicosides, which was clearly enhanced when vanicosides were used together with the WZB117 (GLUT1 inhibitor). The SKOV-3 line and the fibroblasts showed much less sensitivity to the cytotoxicity of vanicosides, also used together with WZB117. Moreover, no significant ROS formation was observed in these lines. The study proved that vanicosides generate ROS inside melanoma cells. These findings suggest that the combination of pro-oxidative acting vanicosides and GLUT1 inhibitors exerts a synergistic cytotoxic effect on melanoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Nawrot-Hadzik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Division of Pharmaceutical Biology and Botany, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Adam Matkowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Division of Pharmaceutical Biology and Botany, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Fast
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Division of Pharmaceutical Biology and Botany, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Choromańska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang Z, Zhou L, Hao W, Liu Y, Xiao X, Shan X, Zhang C, Wei B. Comparative antioxidant activity and untargeted metabolomic analyses of cherry extracts of two Chinese cherry species based on UPLC-QTOF/MS and machine learning algorithms. Food Res Int 2023; 171:113059. [PMID: 37330825 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
P. pseudocerasus and P. tomentosa are the two native Chinese cherry species of high economic and ornamental worths. Little is known about the metabolic information of P. pseudocerasus and P. tomentosa. Effective means are lacking for distinguishing these two similar species. In this study, the differences in total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and in vitro antioxidant activities in 21 batches of two species of cherries were compared. A comparative UPLC-QTOF/MS-based metabolomics coupled with three machine learning algorithms was established for differentiating the cherry species. The results demonstrated that P. tomentosa had higher TPC and TFC with average content differences of 12.07 times and 39.30 times, respectively, and depicted better antioxidant activity. Total of 104 differential compounds were identified by UPLC-QTOF/MS metabolomics. The major differential compounds were flavonoids, organooxygen compounds, and cinnamic acids and derivatives. Correlation analysis revealed differences in flavonoids content such as procyanidin B1 or isomer and (Epi)catechin. They could be responsible for differences in antioxidant activities between the two species. Among three machine learning algorithms, the prediction accuracy of support vector machine (SVM) was 85.7%, and those of random forest (RF) and back propagation neural network (BPNN) were 100%. BPNN exhibited better classification performance and higher prediction rate for all testing set samples than those of RF. The study herein found that P. tomentosa had higher nutritional value and biological functions, and thus considered for usage in health products. Machine models based on untargeted metabolomics can be effective tools for distinguishing these two species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Wang
- Central Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Food, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Wenqian Hao
- Central Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Central Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Xia Xiao
- Central Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Xiao Shan
- Central Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Chenning Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang 441000, China.
| | - Binbin Wei
- Central Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hu YJ, Lan Q, Su BJ, Liang D. Phanerosides A-X, Phenylpropanoid Esters of Sucrose from the Rattans of Phanera championii Benth. Molecules 2023; 28:4767. [PMID: 37375320 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Twenty-four new phenylpropanoid esters of sucrose, phanerosides A-X (1-24), were isolated from an EtOH extract of the rattans of Phanera championii Benth. (Fabaceae). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis. A wide range of structural analogues were presented due to the different numbers and positions of acetyl substituents and the structures of phenylpropanoid moieties. Phenylpropanoid esters of sucrose were isolated from the Fabaceae family for the first time. Biologically, the inhibitory effects of compounds 6 and 21 on NO production in LPS-induced BV-2 microglial cells were better than that of the positive control, with IC50 values of 6.7 and 5.2 μM, respectively. The antioxidant activity assay showed that compounds 5, 15, 17, and 24 displayed moderate DPPH radical scavenging activity, with IC50 values ranging from 34.9 to 43.9 μM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jie Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Qian Lan
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Bao-Jun Su
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Dong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Deng R, Li W, Berhow MA, Jander G, Zhou S. Phenolic sucrose esters: evolution, regulation, biosynthesis, and biological functions. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:369-383. [PMID: 33783685 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01142-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic sucrose esters (PSEs) are a diverse group of specialized metabolites that are present in several angiosperm lineages. Phylogenetic reconstruction and structural variation suggest that these metabolites may have evolved independently in monocots and dicots. Constitutive variation in PSE abundance across plant organs and developmental stages is correlated with transcriptional regulation of the upstream phenylpropanoid pathway, whereas pathogen induction is regulated by stress-related phytohormones such as ethylene. Shared structural features of PSEs indicate that their biosynthesis may involve one or more hydroxycinnamoyl transferases and BAHD acetyltransferases, which could be identified by correlative analyses of multi-omics datasets. Elucidation of the core biosynthetic pathway of PSEs will be essential for more detailed studies of the biological function of these compounds and their potential medicinal and agricultural applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renyu Deng
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 440307, China
| | - Wei Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 440307, China
| | - Mark A Berhow
- Functional Foods Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N, University Street, Peoria, IL, 61604, USA
| | - Georg Jander
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Shaoqun Zhou
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 440307, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Judeh ZMA, Ong LL, Wong K, Devaraj S, Khong Duc T, Parthasarathi P, Santoso M. Orthogonal Approach for the Precise Synthesis of Phenylpropanoid Sucrose Esters. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00881e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phenylpropanoid sucrose esters (PSEs) are plant-derived metabolites that exist widely in medicinal plants and possess important bioactivities. Their precise synthesis is challenging due to the distinct and diverse substitution patterns...
Collapse
|
7
|
Mora Vargas JA, Orduña Ortega J, Metzker G, Larrahondo JE, Boscolo M. Natural sucrose esters: Perspectives on the chemical and physiological use of an under investigated chemical class of compounds. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 177:112433. [PMID: 32570051 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present review describes the chemistry and physiological properties of the sucrose esters (SEs) obtained from natural or synthetic pathways, with emphasis on those that have aliphatic and phenylpropanoid substituents on their sucrose moiety. Synthesis, extraction and characterization methods for the SEs and NSEs are discussed in terms of synthetic procedures, separation techniques and spectroscopic methods. The physiological properties are discussed taking into account the nature of the substituent groups and their regiochemistry (position and number of substitutions) on the sucrose moiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Andrés Mora Vargas
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Julieth Orduña Ortega
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil; Universidad Santiago de Cali, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Campus Pampalinda, Santiago de Cali, Colombia.
| | - Gustavo Metzker
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Jesus Eliecer Larrahondo
- Universidad Santiago de Cali, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Campus Pampalinda, Santiago de Cali, Colombia.
| | - Mauricio Boscolo
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
NO x-, IL-1β-, TNF-α-, and IL-6-Inhibiting Effects and Trypanocidal Activity of Banana ( Musa acuminata) Bracts and Flowers: UPLC-HRESI-MS Detection of Phenylpropanoid Sucrose Esters. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24244564. [PMID: 31847066 PMCID: PMC6943641 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Banana inflorescences are a byproduct of banana cultivation consumed in various regions of Brazil as a non-conventional food. This byproduct represents an alternative food supply that can contribute to the resolution of nutritional problems and hunger. This product is also used in Asia as a traditional remedy for the treatment of various illnesses such as bronchitis and dysentery. However, there is a lack of chemical and pharmacological data to support its consumption as a functional food. Therefore, this work aimed to study the anti-inflammatory action of Musa acuminata blossom by quantifying the cytokine levels (NOx, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6) in peritoneal neutrophils, and to study its antiparasitic activities using the intracellular forms of T. cruzi, L. amazonensis, and L. infantum. This work also aimed to establish the chemical profile of the inflorescence using UPLC-ESI-MS analysis. Flowers and the crude bract extracts were partitioned in dichloromethane and n-butanol to afford four fractions (FDCM, FNBU, BDCM, and BNBU). FDCM showed moderate trypanocidal activity and promising anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6. BDCM significantly inhibited the secretion of TNF-α, while BNBU was active against IL-6 and NOx. LCMS data of these fractions revealed an unprecedented presence of arylpropanoid sucroses alongside flavonoids, triterpenes, benzofurans, stilbenes, and iridoids. The obtained results revealed that banana inflorescences could be used as an anti-inflammatory food ingredient to control inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
|
9
|
Isolation of phenylpropanoid sucrose esters from the roots of Persicaria orientalis and their potential as inhibitors of melanogenesis. Med Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-019-02312-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
10
|
Sun Y, Wu J, Sun X, Huang X, Li L, Liu Q, Song S. Steroids from the rhizome of Anemarrhena asphodeloides and their cytotoxic activities. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:3081-3085. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
11
|
Maier C, Conrad J, Steingass CB, Beifuss U, Carle R, Schweiggert RM. Quillajasides A and B: New Phenylpropanoid Sucrose Esters from the Inner Bark of Quillaja saponaria Molina. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:8905-8911. [PMID: 26375986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The phenolic composition of freshly prepared aqueous extracts of the inner bark of Quillaja saponaria Molina was compared to that of commercially available Quillaja extracts, which are currently used as emulsifiers in foods and cosmetics. Major phenolics in both extracts were (+)-piscidic acid and several p-coumaroyl sucrose esters. Among the latter, two new compounds were isolated and characterized: α-l-rhap-(1→4)-α-l-rhap-(1→3)-(4-O-(E)-p-coumaroyl)-α-d-glup-(1→2)-(3-O-(E)-p-coumaroyl)-β-d-fruf (quillajaside A) and β-d-apif-(1→4)-α-l-rhap-(1→4)-α-l-rhap-(1→3)-(4-O-(E)-p-coumaroyl)-α-d-glup-(1→2)-(3-O-(E)-p-coumaroyl)-β-d-fruf (quillajaside B). In addition, a putative biosynthetic pathway of at least 20 structurally related p-coumaroyl sucrose esters was tentatively identified. Besides their antioxidant activity and their potential function as substrate for enzymatic browning reactions, the new compounds are highly characteristic for both the inner bark of Q. saponaria and commercial extracts derived therefrom. Consequently, they might serve as authenticity markers for the detection of Quillaja extracts in food and cosmetic formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Maier
- Department of Food Physics and Meat Science, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim , Garbenstrasse 21/25, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jürgen Conrad
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Hohenheim , Garbenstrasse 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christof B Steingass
- Department of Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim , Garbenstrasse 25, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Uwe Beifuss
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Hohenheim , Garbenstrasse 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Reinhold Carle
- Department of Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim , Garbenstrasse 25, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University , P.O. Box 80257, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ralf M Schweiggert
- Department of Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim , Garbenstrasse 25, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kim KH, Kim CS, Park YJ, Moon E, Choi SU, Lee JH, Kim SY, Lee KR. Anti-inflammatory and antitumor phenylpropanoid sucrosides from the seeds of Raphanus sativus. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 25:96-9. [PMID: 25466198 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A bioassay-guided fractionation and chemical investigation of the MeOH extract of Raphanus sativus seeds resulted in the isolation and identification of eight phenylpropanoid sucrosides (1-8) including two new compounds, named raphasativuside A and B (1-2) from the most active CHCl₃-soluble fraction. The structures of these new compounds were elucidated through spectral analysis, including extensive 2D-NMR data, and chemical reaction experiments. We evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of 1-8 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine microglia BV2 cells. Compounds 2 and 5 exhibited significant inhibitory effect on nitric oxide production in LPS-activated BV-2 cells with IC₅₀ values of 21.63 and 26.96 μM, respectively. All isolates were also evaluated for their antiproliferative activities against four human tumor cell lines (A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, and HCT-15). Compounds 1-7 showed consistent cytotoxicity against A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, and HCT-15 cell lines with IC50 values of 6.71-27.92 μM. Additionally, the free-radical scavenging activity of 1-8 was assessed using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay where compounds 1, 3, and 4 scavenged DPPH radical strongly with IC₅₀ values of 23.05, 27.10, and 29.63 μg/mL, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ki Hyun Kim
- Natural Products Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Chonchon-dong, Jangan-ku, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|