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Capasso C, Supuran CT. Carbonic anhydrase and bacterial metabolism: a chance for antibacterial drug discovery. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2024; 34:465-474. [PMID: 38506448 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2024.2332663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) play a pivotal role in the regulation of carbon dioxide , bicarbonate, and hydrogen ions within bacterial cells, ensuring pH homeostasis and facilitating energy production. We conducted a systematic literature search (PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) to examine the intricate interplay between CAs and bacterial metabolism, revealing the potential of CA inhibitors (CAIs) as innovative therapeutic agents against pathogenic bacteria. AREA COVERED Inhibition of bacterial CAs was explored in various pathogens, emphasizing the CA roles in microbial virulence, survival, and adaptability. Escherichia coli, a valid and convenient model microorganism, was recently used to investigate the effects of acetazolamide (AAZ) on the bacterial life cycle. Furthermore, the effectiveness of CAIs against pathogenic bacteria has been further substantiated for Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE) and antibiotic-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains. EXPERT OPINION CAIs target bacterial metabolic pathways, offering alternatives to conventional therapies. They hold promise against drug-resistant microorganisms such as VRE and N. gonorrhoeae strains. CAIs offer promising avenues for addressing antibiotic resistance and underscore their potential as novel antibacterial agents. Recognizing the central role of CAs in bacterial growth and pathogenicity will pave the way for innovative infection control and treatment strategies possibly also for other antibiotic resistant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemente Capasso
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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2
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Manyumwa CV, Zhang C, Jers C, Mijakovic I. Alpha Carbonic Anhydrase from Nitratiruptor tergarcus Engineered for Increased Activity and Thermostability. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5853. [PMID: 38892041 PMCID: PMC11173315 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of carbon capture and storage technologies has resulted in a rising interest in the use of carbonic anhydrases (CAs) for CO2 fixation at elevated temperatures. In this study, we chose to rationally engineer the α-CA (NtCA) from the thermophilic bacterium Nitratiruptor tergarcus, which has been previously suggested to be thermostable by in silico studies. Using a combination of analyses with the DEEPDDG software and available structural knowledge, we selected residues in three regions, namely, the catalytic pocket, the dimeric interface and the surface, in order to increase thermostability and CO2 hydration activity. A total of 13 specific mutations, affecting seven amino acids, were assessed. Single, double and quadruple mutants were produced in Escherichia coli and analyzed. The best-performing mutations that led to improvements in both activity and stability were D168K, a surface mutation, and R210L, a mutation in the dimeric interface. Apart from these, most mutants showed improved thermostability, with mutants R210K and N88K_R210L showing substantial improvements in activity, up to 11-fold. Molecular dynamics simulations, focusing particularly on residue fluctuations, conformational changes and hydrogen bond analysis, elucidated the structural changes imposed by the mutations. Successful engineering of NtCA provided valuable lessons for further engineering of α-CAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Varaidzo Manyumwa
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (C.V.M.); (C.Z.); (C.J.)
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (C.V.M.); (C.Z.); (C.J.)
| | - Carsten Jers
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (C.V.M.); (C.Z.); (C.J.)
| | - Ivan Mijakovic
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (C.V.M.); (C.Z.); (C.J.)
- Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
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3
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Supuran CT. A simple yet multifaceted 90 years old, evergreen enzyme: Carbonic anhydrase, its inhibition and activation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 93:129411. [PMID: 37507055 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Advances in the carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) research over the last three decades are presented, with an emphasis on the deciphering of the activation mechanism, the development of isoform-selective inhibitors/ activators by the tail approach and their applications in the management of obesity, hypoxic tumors, neurological conditions, and as antiinfectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, University of Florence, Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
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Che Hussian CHA, Leong WY. Thermostable enzyme research advances: a bibliometric analysis. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:37. [PMID: 36971917 PMCID: PMC10043094 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00494-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Thermostable enzymes are enzymes that can withstand elevated temperatures as high as 50 °C without altering their structure or distinctive features. The potential of thermostable enzymes to increase the conversion rate at high temperature has been identified as a key factor in enhancing the efficiency of industrial operations. Performing procedures at higher temperatures with thermostable enzymes minimises the risk of microbial contamination, which is one of the most significant benefits. In addition, it helps reduce substrate viscosity, improve transfer speeds, and increase solubility during reaction operations. Thermostable enzymes offer enormous industrial potential as biocatalysts, especially cellulase and xylanase, which have garnered considerable amount of interest for biodegradation and biofuel applications. As the usage of enzymes becomes more common, a range of performance-enhancing applications are being explored. This article offers a bibliometric evaluation of thermostable enzymes. Scopus databases were searched for scientific articles. The findings indicated that thermostable enzymes are widely employed in biodegradation as well as in biofuel and biomass production. Japan, the United States, China, and India, as along with the institutions affiliated with these nations, stand out as the academically most productive in the field of thermostable enzymes. This study's analysis exposed a vast number of published papers that demonstrate the industrial potential of thermostable enzymes. These results highlight the significance of thermostable enzyme research for a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wai Yie Leong
- INTI International University & Colleges, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
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Kumar S, Biswas S, Deshpande PA. Computational analysis of the effect of Gly100Ala mutation on the thermostability of SazCA. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:12363-12371. [PMID: 36744540 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2175259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining the protein stability upon mutation is a challenging task in protein engineering. In the present computational study, we induced a single point Gly100Ala mutation in SazCA and examined the factors governing the stability and flexibility of the mutated form, and compared it to that of the wildtype using molecular dynamics simulations. We observed higher structural stability and lesser residual mobility in the mutated SazCA. Improved H-bonding due to Gly100Ala was observed. Ala100 was responsible for the increased helical contents in the mutated SazCA while Gly100 compromised the secondary structure contents in the wildtype. A strong network of salt bridges and high local ordering of the solvent molecules at the protein surface contributed to the enhanced stability of the mutated protein. Our simulations conclusively highlight Gly100Ala mutation as a step towards designing a more robust and thermostable SazCA.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Kumar
- Quantum and Molecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Soumya Biswas
- Quantum and Molecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Parag A Deshpande
- Quantum and Molecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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Marapaka AK, Nocentini A, Youse MS, An W, Holly KJ, Das C, Yadav R, Seleem MN, Supuran CT, Flaherty DP. Structural Characterization of Thiadiazolesulfonamide Inhibitors Bound to Neisseria gonorrhoeae α-Carbonic Anhydrase. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:103-109. [PMID: 36655133 PMCID: PMC9841583 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a critical threat to public health, and bacterial carbonic anhydrases expressed by N. gonorrhoeae are potential new therapeutic targets to combat this pathogen. To further expand upon our recent reports of bacterial carbonic anhydrase inhibitors for the treatment of N. gonorrhoeae, our team has solved ligand-bound crystal structures of the FDA-approved carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide, along with three analogs, in complex with the essential α-carbonic anhydrase isoform from N. gonorrhoeae. The structural data for the analogs presented bound to N. gonorrhoeae α-carbonic anhydrase supports the observed structure-activity relationship for in vitro inhibition with this scaffold against the enzyme. Moreover, the ligand-bound structures indicate differences in binding poses compared to those traditionally observed with the close human ortholog carbonic anhydrase II. These results present key differences in inhibitor binding between N. gonorrhoeae α-carbonic anhydrase and the human carbonic anhydrase II isoform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Marapaka
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Department
of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Firenze50122, Italy
| | - Molly S. Youse
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
| | - Weiwei An
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
| | - Katrina J. Holly
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
| | - Chittaranjan Das
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Purdue
University, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
| | - Ravi Yadav
- Department
of Biological Sciences, College of Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
| | - Mohamed N. Seleem
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College
of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic
Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia24061, United States
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Department
of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Firenze50122, Italy
| | - Daniel P. Flaherty
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
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7
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Nocentini A, Capasso C, Supuran CT. Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors as Novel Antibacterials in the Era of Antibiotic Resistance: Where Are We Now? Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12010142. [PMID: 36671343 PMCID: PMC9854953 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to antibiotic treatment developed by bacteria in humans and animals occurs when the microorganisms resist treatment with clinically approved antibiotics. Actions must be implemented to stop the further development of antibiotic resistance and the subsequent emergence of superbugs. Medication repurposing/repositioning is one strategy that can help find new antibiotics, as it speeds up drug development phases. Among them, the Zn2+ ion binders, such as sulfonamides and their bioisosteres, are considered the most promising compounds to obtain novel antibacterials, thus avoiding antibiotic resistance. Sulfonamides and their bioisosteres have drug-like properties well-known for decades and are suitable lead compounds for developing new pharmacological agent families for inhibiting carbonic anhydrases (CAs). CAs are a superfamily of metalloenzymes catalyzing the reversible reaction of CO2 hydration to HCO3- and H+, being present in most bacteria in multiple genetic families (α-, β-, γ- and ι-classes). These enzymes, acting as CO2 transducers, are promising drug targets because their activity influences microbe proliferation, biosynthetic pathways, and pathogen persistence in the host. In their natural or slightly modified scaffolds, sulfonamides/sulfamates/sulamides inhibit CAs in vitro and in vivo, in mouse models infected with antibiotic-resistant strains, confirming thus their role in contrasting bacterial antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Nocentini
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, 50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, CNR, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, 50019 Firenze, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (C.T.S.)
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8
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Kumar S, Deshpande PA. Efficient proton shuttle makes SazCA an excellent CO 2 hydration enzyme. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-10. [PMID: 35862658 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2100828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The fastest member of the carbonic anhydrase family catalysing the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate ions has been recently reported to be SazCA. While thermostable, this enzyme shows exceptional activity at 353 K for the reaction. This study explores the molecular basis for the exceptional activity of SazCA, in contrast to SspCA, probed using molecular dynamics simulations. Our simulations, carried out at different temperatures, indicate the presence of efficient proton shuttle between the active zinc centre and His64 residue in the two enzymes. The proton accepting His64 residue was identified to have in and out conformations with the in conformations being supportive to proton acceptance. Our simulations show a large population of in conformations in SazCA making the enzyme exhibit an exceptional activity. The RMSF and H-bonds analysis confirmed the role of His2 and His207 in supporting the attainment of in conformations in SazCA resulting in exceptional activity.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Kumar
- Quantum and Molecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Parag A Deshpande
- Quantum and Molecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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9
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Zhu Y, Liu Y, Ai M, Jia X. Surface display of carbonic anhydrase on Escherichia coli for CO 2 capture and mineralization. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2022; 7:460-473. [PMID: 34938905 PMCID: PMC8654698 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mineralization catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase (CA) is one of the most promising technologies for capturing CO2. In this work, Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) was used as the host, and the N-terminus of ice nucleation protein (INPN) was used as the carrier protein. Different fusion patterns and vectors were used to construct CA surface display systems for α-carbonic anhydrase (HPCA) from Helicobacter pylori 26695 and α-carbonic anhydrase (SazCA) from Sulfurihydrogenibium azorense. The surface display system in which HPCA was fused with INPN via a flexible linker and intermediate repeat sequences showed higher whole-cell enzyme activity, while the enzyme activity of the SazCA expression system was significantly higher than that of the HPCA expression system. The pET22b vector with the signal peptide PelB was more suitable for the cell surface display of SazCA. Cell fractionation and western-blot analysis indicated that SazCA and INPN were successfully anchored on the cell's outer membrane as a fusion protein. The enzyme activity of the surface display strain E-22b-IRLS (11.43 U·mL-1OD600 -1) was significantly higher than that of the intracellular expression strain E-22b-S (8.355 U·mL-1OD600 -1) under optimized induction conditions. Compared with free SazCA, E-22b-IRLS had higher thermal and pH stability. The long-term stability of SazCA was also significantly improved by surface display. When the engineered strain and free enzyme were used for CO2 mineralization, the amount of CaCO3 deposition catalyzed by the strain E-22b-IRLS on the surface (241 mg) was similar to that of the free SazCA and was significantly higher than the intracellular expression strain E-22b-S (173 mg). These results demonstrate that the SazCA surface display strain can serve as a whole-cell biocatalyst for CO2 capture and mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinzhuang Zhu
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Yaru Liu
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Mingmei Ai
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Xiaoqiang Jia
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, PR China
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Ajeje SB, Hu Y, Song G, Peter SB, Afful RG, Sun F, Asadollahi MA, Amiri H, Abdulkhani A, Sun H. Thermostable Cellulases / Xylanases From Thermophilic and Hyperthermophilic Microorganisms: Current Perspective. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:794304. [PMID: 34976981 PMCID: PMC8715034 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.794304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioconversion of lignocellulose into monosaccharides is critical for ensuring the continual manufacturing of biofuels and value-added bioproducts. Enzymatic degradation, which has a high yield, low energy consumption, and enhanced selectivity, could be the most efficient and environmentally friendly technique for converting complex lignocellulose polymers to fermentable monosaccharides, and it is expected to make cellulases and xylanases the most demanded industrial enzymes. The widespread nature of thermophilic microorganisms allows them to proliferate on a variety of substrates and release substantial quantities of cellulases and xylanases, which makes them a great source of thermostable enzymes. The most significant breakthrough of lignocellulolytic enzymes lies in lignocellulose-deconstruction by enzymatic depolymerization of holocellulose into simple monosaccharides. However, commercially valuable thermostable cellulases and xylanases are challenging to produce in high enough quantities. Thus, the present review aims at giving an overview of the most recent thermostable cellulases and xylanases isolated from thermophilic and hyperthermophilic microbes. The emphasis is on recent advancements in manufacturing these enzymes in other mesophilic host and enhancement of catalytic activity as well as thermostability of thermophilic cellulases and xylanases, using genetic engineering as a promising and efficient technology for its economic production. Additionally, the biotechnological applications of thermostable cellulases and xylanases of thermophiles were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaila Boyi Ajeje
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Guojie Song
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Sunday Bulus Peter
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Richmond Godwin Afful
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Fubao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mohammad Ali Asadollahi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Amiri
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Abdulkhani
- Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Haiyan Sun
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
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Nocentini A, Supuran CT, Capasso C. An overview on the recently discovered iota-carbonic anhydrases. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:1988-1995. [PMID: 34482770 PMCID: PMC8425729 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1972995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) have been studied for decades and have been classified as a superfamily of enzymes which includes, up to date, eight gene families or classes indicated with the Greek letters α, β, γ, δ, ζ, η, θ, ι. This versatile enzyme superfamily is involved in multiple physiological processes, catalysing a fundamental reaction for all living organisms, the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and a proton. Recently, the ι-CA (LCIP63) from the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana and a bacterial ι-CA (BteCAι) identified in the genome of Burkholderia territorii were characterised. The recombinant BteCAι was observed to act as an excellent catalyst for the physiologic reaction. Very recently, the discovery of a novel ι-CAs (COG4337) in the eukaryotic microalga Bigelowiella natans and the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC7120 has brought to light an unexpected feature for this ancient superfamily: this ι-CAs was catalytically active without a metal ion cofactor, unlike the previous reported ι-CAs as well as all known CAs investigated so far. This review reports recent investigations on ι-CAs obtained in these last three years, highlighting their peculiar features, and hypothesising that possibly this new CA family shows catalytic activity without the need of metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Nocentini
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, CNR, Napoli, Italy
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12
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Entrapment of the Fastest Known Carbonic Anhydrase with Biomimetic Silica and Its Application for CO 2 Sequestration. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13152452. [PMID: 34372054 PMCID: PMC8347136 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Capturing and storing CO2 is of prime importance. The rate of CO2 sequestration is often limited by the hydration of CO2, which can be greatly accelerated by using carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) as a catalyst. In order to improve the stability and reusability of CA, a silica-condensing peptide (R5) was fused with the fastest known CA from Sulfurihydrogenibium azorense (SazCA) to form R5-SazCA; the fusion protein successfully performed in vitro silicification. The entrapment efficiency reached 100% and the silicified form (R5-SazCA-SP) showed a high activity recovery of 91%. The residual activity of R5-SazCA-SP was two-fold higher than that of the free form when stored at 25 °C for 35 days; R5-SazCA-SP still retained 86% of its activity after 10 cycles of reuse. Comparing with an uncatalyzed reaction, the time required for the onset of CaCO3 formation was shortened by 43% and 33% with the addition of R5-SazCA and R5-SazCA-SP, respectively. R5-SazCA-SP shows great potential as a robust and efficient biocatalyst for CO2 sequestration because of its high activity, high stability, and reusability.
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Manzoor S, Petreni A, Raza MK, Supuran CT, Hoda N. Novel triazole-sulfonamide bearing pyrimidine moieties with carbonic anhydrase inhibitory action: Design, synthesis, computational and enzyme inhibition studies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 48:128249. [PMID: 34237441 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of new triazole-sulfonamide bearing pyrimidine derivatives were designed and synthesized via click chemistry. All new compounds (SH-1 to SH-28) were validated by 1HNMR, 13CNMR, HRMS, and SH-3 was further structurally validated by X-Ray single diffraction study. These compounds (SH-1 to SH-28) were tested as inhibitors of human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) isoforms, such as hCA I, II, IX and XII, using a stopped flow CO2 hydrase assay. Most of the compounds exhibited significant inhibitory activity against hCA II and weak inhibitory activity against hCA I. The target compounds also displayed moderate to excellent inhibitory activity against tumor-related hCAs IX and XII. Some compounds, e.g., SH-20 (Ki = 9.4 nM), SH-26 (Ki = 1.8 nM) and SH-28 (Ki = 0.82 nM) exhibited excellent inhibitory activity and selectivity profile against hCAs XII over IX. SH-23 displayed promising inhibitory activity and selectivity profile against both tumor-related hCAs IX (Ki = 2.9 nM) as well as XII (Ki = 0.82 nM) over hCA I and II. To understand the molecular interactions, molecular docking study of compounds SH-20, SH-23, SH-26 and SH-28 with hCA XII and SH-23 also with hCA IX were performed. The computational study evidenced favorable interaction between the inhibitors and active residues of both proteins. Some of these derivatives are promising leads for the development of selective, anticancer agents based on CA inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoaib Manzoor
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
| | - Andrea Petreni
- University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Md Kausar Raza
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Nasimul Hoda
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
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14
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Parri L, Fort A, Lo Grasso A, Mugnaini M, Vignoli V, Capasso C, Del Prete S, Romanelli MN, Supuran CT. Evaluating the efficiency of enzyme accelerated CO 2 capture: chemical kinetics modelling for interpreting measurement results. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:394-401. [PMID: 33430654 PMCID: PMC7831361 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1864631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the efficiency of the carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzyme in accelerating the hydration of CO2 is evaluated using a measurement system which consists of a vessel in which a gaseous flow of mixtures of nitrogen and CO2 is bubbled into water or water solutions containing a known quantity of CA enzyme. The pH value of the solution and the CO2 concentration at the measurement system gas exhaust are continuously monitored. The measured CO2 level allows for assessing the quantity of CO2, which, subtracted from the gaseous phase, is dissolved into the liquid phase and/or hydrated to bicarbonate. The measurement procedure consists of inducing a transient and observing and modelling the different kinetics involved in the steady-state recovery with and without CA. The main contribution of this work is exploiting dynamical system theory and chemical kinetics modelling for interpreting measurement results for characterising the activity of CA enzymes. The data for model fitting are obtained from a standard bioreactor, in principle equal to standard two-phase bioreactors described in the literature, in which two different techniques can be used to move the process itself away from the steady-state, inducing transients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Parri
- Department of Information Engineering and Mathematics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ada Fort
- Department of Information Engineering and Mathematics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Lo Grasso
- Department of Information Engineering and Mathematics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Marco Mugnaini
- Department of Information Engineering and Mathematics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Valerio Vignoli
- Department of Information Engineering and Mathematics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, CNR -Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR-CNR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Sonia Del Prete
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, CNR -Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR-CNR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Novella Romanelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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15
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Abstract
The accumulation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere as a result of human activities has caused a number of adverse circumstances in the world. For this reason, the proposed solutions lie within the aim of reducing carbon dioxide emissions have been quite valuable. However, as the human activity continues to increase on this planet, the possibility of reducing carbon dioxide emissions decreases with the use of conventional methods. The emergence of compounds than can be used in different fields by converting the released carbon dioxide into different chemicals will construct a fundamental solution to the problem. Although electro-catalysis or photolithography methods have emerged for this purpose, they have not been able to achieve successful results. Alternatively, another proposed solution are enzyme based systems. Among the enzyme-based systems, pyruvate decarboxylase, carbonic anhydrase and dehydrogenases have been the most studied enzymes. Pyruvate dehydrogenase and carbonic anhydrase have either been an expensive method or were incapable of producing the desired result due to the reaction cascade they catalyze. However, the studies reporting the production of industrial chemicals from carbon dioxide using dehydrogenases and in particular, the formate dehydrogenase enzyme, have been remarkable. Moreover, reported studies have shown the existence of more active and stable enzymes, especially the dehydrogenase family that can be identified from the biome. In addition to this, their redesign through protein engineering can have an immense contribution to the increased use of enzyme-based methods in CO2 reduction, resulting in an enormous expansion of the industrial capacity.
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16
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Kumar S, Deshpande PA. Structural and thermodynamic analysis of factors governing the stability and thermal folding/unfolding of SazCA. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249866. [PMID: 33857217 PMCID: PMC8049272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular basis of protein stability at different temperatures is a fundamental problem in protein science that is substantially far from being accurately and quantitatively solved as it requires an explicit knowledge of the temperature dependence of folding free energy of amino acid residues. In the present study, we attempted to gain insights into the thermodynamic stability of SazCA and its implications on protein folding/unfolding. We report molecular dynamics simulations of water solvated SazCA in a temperature range of 293-393 K to study the relationship between the thermostability and flexibility. Our structural analysis shows that the protein maintains the highest structural stability at 353 K and the protein conformations are highly flexible at temperatures above 353 K. Larger exposure of hydrophobic surface residues to the solvent medium for conformations beyond 353 K were identified from H-bond analysis. Higher number of secondary structure contents exhibited by SazCA at 353 K corroborated the conformations at 353 K to exhibit the highest thermal stability. The analysis of thermodynamics of protein stability revealed that the conformations that denature at higher melting temperatures tend to have greater maximum thermal stability. Our analysis shows that 353 K conformations have the highest melting temperature, which was found to be close to the experimental optimum temperature. The enhanced protein stability at 353 K due the least value of heat capacity at unfolding suggested an increase in folding. Comparative Gibbs free energy analysis and funnel shaped energy landscape confirmed a transition in folding/unfolding pathway of SazCA at 353 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Kumar
- Quantum and Molecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Parag A. Deshpande
- Quantum and Molecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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17
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Del Prete S, Bua S, Supuran CT, Capasso C. Escherichia coli γ-carbonic anhydrase: characterisation and effects of simple aromatic/heterocyclic sulphonamide inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 35:1545-1554. [PMID: 32746656 PMCID: PMC7470111 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1800670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) are ubiquitous metalloenzymes involved in biosynthetic processes, transport, supply, and balance of CO2/HCO3- into the cell. In Bacteria, CAs avoid the depletion of the dissolved CO2/HCO3- from the cell, providing them to the central metabolism that is compromised without the CA activity. The involvement of CAs in the survival, pathogenicity, and virulence of several bacterial pathogenic species is recent. Here, we report the kinetic properties of the recombinant γ-CA (EcoCAγ) encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli. EcoCAγ is an excellent catalyst for the physiological CO2 hydration reaction to bicarbonate and protons, with a kcat of 5.7 × 105 s−1 and kcat/KM of 6.9 × 106 M−1 s−1. The EcoCAγ inhibition profile with a broad series of known CA inhibitors, the substituted benzene-sulphonamides, and clinically licenced drugs was explored. Benzolamide showed a KI lower than 100 nM. Our study reinforces the hypothesis that the synthesis of new drugs capable of interfering selectively with the bacterial CA activity, avoiding the inhibition of the human α -CAs, is achievable and may lead to novel antibacterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Del Prete
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, CNR, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Napoli, Italy
| | - Silvia Bua
- Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Department of NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Department of NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, CNR, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Napoli, Italy
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18
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Campestre C, De Luca V, Carradori S, Grande R, Carginale V, Scaloni A, Supuran CT, Capasso C. Carbonic Anhydrases: New Perspectives on Protein Functional Role and Inhibition in Helicobacter pylori. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:629163. [PMID: 33815311 PMCID: PMC8017301 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.629163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the function of bacterial carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) has increased significantly in the last years. CAs are metalloenzymes able to modulate CO2, HCO3 - and H+ concentration through their crucial role in catalysis of reversible CO2 hydration (CO2 + H2O ⇄ HCO3 - + H+). In all living organisms, CA activity is linked to physiological processes, such as those related to the transport and supply of CO2 or HCO3 -, pH homeostasis, secretion of electrolytes, biosynthetic processes and photosynthesis. These important processes cannot be ensured by the very low rate of the non-catalyzed reaction of CO2 hydration. It has been recently shown that CAs are important biomolecules for many bacteria involved in human infections, such as Vibrio cholerae, Brucella suis, Salmonella enterica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Helicobacter pylori. In these species, CA activity promotes microorganism growth and adaptation in the host, or modulates bacterial toxin production and virulence. In this review, recent literature in this research field and some of the above-mentioned issues are discussed, namely: (i) the implication of CAs from bacterial pathogens in determining the microorganism growth and virulence; (ii) the druggability of these enzymes using classical CA inhibitors (CAIs) of the sulfonamide-type as examples; (iii) the role played by Helicobacter pylori CAs in the acid tolerance/adaptation of the microbe within the human abdomen; (iv) the role of CAs played in the outer membrane vesicles spawned by H. pylori in its planktonic and biofilm phenotypes; (v) the possibility of using H. pylori CAIs in combination with probiotic strains as a novel anti-ulcer treatment approach. The latter approach may represent an innovative and successful strategy to fight gastric infections in the era of increasing resistance of pathogenic bacteria to classical antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Campestre
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Viviana De Luca
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Naples, Italy.,Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute for the Animal Production System in the Mediterranean Environment, National Research Council (ISPAAM-CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Rossella Grande
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Carginale
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute for the Animal Production System in the Mediterranean Environment, National Research Council (ISPAAM-CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Polo Scientifico, Department of NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Naples, Italy
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19
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Mesbahuddin MS, Ganesan A, Kalyaanamoorthy S. Engineering stable carbonic anhydrases for CO2 capture: a critical review. Protein Eng Des Sel 2021; 34:6356912. [PMID: 34427656 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzab021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted inhibition of misregulated protein-protein interactions (PPIs) has been a promising area of investigation in drug discovery and development for human diseases. However, many constraints remain, including shallow binding surfaces and dynamic conformation changes upon interaction. A particularly challenging aspect is the undesirable off-target effects caused by inherent structural similarity among the protein families. To tackle this problem, phage display has been used to engineer PPIs for high-specificity binders with improved binding affinity and greatly reduced undesirable interactions with closely related proteins. Although general steps of phage display are standardized, library design is highly variable depending on experimental contexts. Here in this review, we examined recent advances in the structure-based combinatorial library design and the advantages and limitations of different approaches. The strategies described here can be explored for other protein-protein interactions and aid in designing new libraries or improving on previous libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aravindhan Ganesan
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2G 1C5, Canada
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20
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De Luca V, Petreni A, Nocentini A, Scaloni A, Supuran CT, Capasso C. Effect of Sulfonamides and Their Structurally Related Derivatives on the Activity of ι-Carbonic Anhydrase from Burkholderia territorii. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020571. [PMID: 33430028 PMCID: PMC7827628 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are essential metalloenzymes in nature, catalyzing the carbon dioxide reversible hydration into bicarbonate and proton. In humans, breathing and many other critical physiological processes depend on this enzymatic activity. The CA superfamily function and inhibition in pathogenic bacteria has recently been the object of significant advances, being demonstrated to affect microbial survival/virulence. Targeting bacterial CAs may thus be a valid alternative to expand the pharmacological arsenal against the emergence of widespread antibiotic resistance. Here, we report an extensive study on the inhibition profile of the recently discovered ι-CA class present in some bacteria, including Burkholderia territorii, namely BteCAι, using substituted benzene-sulfonamides and clinically licensed sulfonamide-, sulfamate- and sulfamide-type drugs. The BteCAι inhibition profile showed: (i) several benzene-sulfonamides with an inhibition constant lower than 100 nM; (ii) a different behavior with respect to other α, β and γ-CAs; (iii) clinically used drugs having a micromolar affinity. This prototype study contributes to the initial recognition of compounds which efficiently and selectively inhibit a bacterial member of the ι-CA class, for which such a selective inhibition with respect to other protein isoforms present in the host is highly desired and may contribute to the development of novel antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana De Luca
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, CNR, via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, CNR, via Argine 1085, 80147 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Andrea Petreni
- Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Department of Neurofarba, University of Florence, via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Florence, Italy; (A.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Department of Neurofarba, University of Florence, via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Florence, Italy; (A.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, CNR, via Argine 1085, 80147 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Department of Neurofarba, University of Florence, via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Florence, Italy; (A.P.); (A.N.)
- Correspondence: (C.T.S.); (C.C.); Tel.: +39-055-4573729 (C.T.S.); +39-081-613-2559 (C.C.)
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, CNR, via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
- Correspondence: (C.T.S.); (C.C.); Tel.: +39-055-4573729 (C.T.S.); +39-081-613-2559 (C.C.)
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21
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Ali M, Angeli A, Bozdag M, Carta F, Capasso C, Farooq U, Supuran CT. Benzylaminoethylureido-Tailed Benzenesulfonamides Show Potent Inhibitory Activity against Bacterial Carbonic Anhydrases. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:2444-2447. [PMID: 32966693 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A series of benzylaminoethylureido-tailed benzenesulfonamides was analyzed for their inhibition potential against bacterial carbonic anhydrases (CAs) such as VhCA α, β, and γ from Vibrio cholerae, and BpsCA β and γ-CAs from Burkholderia pseudomallei. Growing drug resistance against antibiotics demands alternative targets and mechanisms of action. As CA is essential for the survival of bacteria, such enzymes have the potential for developing new antibiotics. Most of the compounds presented excellent inhibition potential against VhCA γ compared to α and β, with Ki values in the range of 82.5-191.4 nM. Several sulfonamides exhibited excellent inhibition against BpsCA β with Ki values in the range of 394-742.8 nM. Recently it has been demonstrated that sufonamide CA inhibitors are effective against vancomycin-resistant enterococci. These data show that CA inhibition of pathogenic bacteria may lead to a new class of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ali
- NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Andrea Angeli
- NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers - "Petru Poni", Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487, Iasi, Romania
| | - Murat Bozdag
- NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Umar Farooq
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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22
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Del Prete S, Nocentini A, Supuran CT, Capasso C. Bacterial ι-carbonic anhydrase: a new active class of carbonic anhydrase identified in the genome of the Gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia territorii. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:1060-1068. [PMID: 32314608 PMCID: PMC7191908 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1755852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) catalyse a simple but physiologically crucial reversible reaction, the carbon dioxide hydration with the production of bicarbonate and protons. In the last years, and especially, to the rapid emergence of the bacterial antibiotic resistance that is occurring worldwide, the understanding of the function of bacterial CAs has increased significantly. Recently, a new CA-class (ι-CA) was discovered in the marine diatom T. pseudonana. It has been reported that bacterial genomes may contain genes with relevant homology to the diatom ι-class CA. Still, the catalytic activity of the enzyme encoded by the gene was not investigated. Thus, herein, for the first time, we cloned, expressed, and purified the recombinant bacterial ι-CA (acronym BteCAι) identified in the genome of Burkholderia territorii. The recombinant BteCAι resulted in a good catalyst for the hydration of CO2 to bicarbonate and protons, with a kcat of 3.0 × 105 s -1 and kcat/KM of 3.9 × 107 M -1 s -1, and is also sensitive to inhibition by the sulphonamide acetazolamide. Furthermore, with the aid of the protonography, it has been demonstrated that BteCAι can be present as a dimer. This result is corroborated by the construction of a molecular model of BteCAι, which showed that the enzyme is formed by two equivalent monomers having a structure similar to a butterfly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Del Prete
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Department of NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Firenze, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Firenze, Italy
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, CNR, Napoli, Italy
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23
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Kumar S, Seth D, Deshpande PA. Molecular dynamics simulations identify the regions of compromised thermostability in SazCA. Proteins 2020; 89:375-388. [PMID: 33146427 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the structure and dynamics of the most active and thermostable carbonic anhydrase, SazCA, probed using molecular dynamics simulations. The molecular system was described by widely used biological force-fields (AMBER, CHARMM22, CHARMM36, and OPLS-AA) in conjunction with TIP3P water model. The comparison of molecular dynamics simulation results suggested AMBER to be a suitable choice to describe the structure and dynamics of SazCA. In addition to this, we also addressed the effect of temperature on the stability of SazCA. We performed molecular dynamics simulations at 313, 333, 353, 373, and 393 K to study the relationship between thermostability and flexibility in SazCA. The amino acid residues VAL98, ASN99, GLY100, LYS101, GLU145, and HIS207 were identified as the most flexible residues from root-mean-square fluctuations. The salt bridge analysis showed that ion-pairs ASP113-LYS81, ASP115-LYS81, ASP115-LYS114, GLU144-LYS143, and GLU144-LYS206, were responsible for the compromised thermal stability of SazCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Kumar
- Quantum and Molecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Deepak Seth
- Quantum and Molecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Parag Arvind Deshpande
- Quantum and Molecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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24
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Manyumwa CV, Emameh RZ, Tastan Bishop Ö. Alpha-Carbonic Anhydrases from Hydrothermal Vent Sources as Potential Carbon Dioxide Sequestration Agents: In Silico Sequence, Structure and Dynamics Analyses. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8066. [PMID: 33138066 PMCID: PMC7662607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increase in CO2 emissions worldwide and its dire effects, there is a need to reduce CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere. Alpha-carbonic anhydrases (α-CAs) have been identified as suitable sequestration agents. This study reports the sequence and structural analysis of 15 α-CAs from bacteria, originating from hydrothermal vent systems. Structural analysis of the multimers enabled the identification of hotspot and interface residues. Molecular dynamics simulations of the homo-multimers were performed at 300 K, 363 K, 393 K and 423 K to unearth potentially thermostable α-CAs. Average betweenness centrality (BC) calculations confirmed the relevance of some hotspot and interface residues. The key residues responsible for dimer thermostability were identified by comparing fluctuating interfaces with stable ones, and were part of conserved motifs. Crucial long-lived hydrogen bond networks were observed around residues with high BC values. Dynamic cross correlation fortified the relevance of oligomerization of these proteins, thus the importance of simulating them in their multimeric forms. A consensus of the simulation analyses used in this study suggested high thermostability for the α-CA from Nitratiruptor tergarcus. Overall, our novel findings enhance the potential of biotechnology applications through the discovery of alternative thermostable CO2 sequestration agents and their potential protein design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Varaidzo Manyumwa
- Research Unit in Bioinformatics (RUBi), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda/Grahamstown 6140, South Africa;
| | - Reza Zolfaghari Emameh
- Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran 14965/161, Iran;
| | - Özlem Tastan Bishop
- Research Unit in Bioinformatics (RUBi), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda/Grahamstown 6140, South Africa;
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25
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Supuran CT, Capasso C. Antibacterial carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: an update on the recent literature. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2020; 30:963-982. [PMID: 32806966 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2020.1811853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The clinically licensed drugs used as antibiotics prevent the microbial growth interfering with the biosynthesis of proteins, nucleic acids, microorganism wall biosynthesis or wall permeability, and microbial metabolic pathways. A serious, emerging problem is the arisen of extensive drug resistance afflicting most countries worldwide. AREAS COVERED An exciting approach to fight drug resistance is the identification of essential enzymes encoded by pathogen genomes. Inhibition of such enzymes may impair microbial growth or virulence due to interference with crucial metabolic processes. Genome exploration of pathogenic and nonpathogenic microorganisms has revealed carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) as possible antibacterial targets. EXPERT OPINION Balancing the equilibrium between CO2 and HCO3 - is essential for microbial metabolism and is regulated by at least four classes of CAs. Classical CA inhibitors (CAIs) such as ethoxzolamide were shown to kill the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori in vitro, whereas acetazolamide and some of its more lipophilic derivatives were shown to be effective against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp., with MICs in the range of 0.007-2 µg/mL, better than linezolid, the only clinically used agent available to date. Such results reinforce the rationale of considering existing and newly designed CAIs as antibacterials with an alternative mechanism of action.
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26
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Dreyer A, Schackmann A, Kriznik A, Chibani K, Wesemann C, Vogelsang L, Beyer A, Dietz KJ. Thiol Redox Regulation of Plant β-Carbonic Anhydrase. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1125. [PMID: 32751472 PMCID: PMC7463553 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
β-carbonic anhydrases (βCA) accelerate the equilibrium formation between CO2 and carbonate. Two plant βCA isoforms are targeted to the chloroplast and represent abundant proteins in the range of >1% of chloroplast protein. While their function in gas exchange and photosynthesis is well-characterized in carbon concentrating mechanisms of cyanobacteria and plants with C4-photosynthesis, their function in plants with C3-photosynthesis is less clear. The presence of conserved and surface-exposed cysteinyl residues in the βCA-structure urged to the question whether βCA is subject to redox regulation. Activity measurements revealed reductive activation of βCA1, whereas oxidized βCA1 was inactive. Mutation of cysteinyl residues decreased βCA1 activity, in particular C280S, C167S, C230S, and C257S. High concentrations of dithiothreitol or low amounts of reduced thioredoxins (TRXs) activated oxidized βCA1. TRX-y1 and TRX-y2 most efficiently activated βCA1, followed by TRX-f1 and f2 and NADPH-dependent TRX reductase C (NTRC). High light irradiation did not enhance βCA activity in wildtype Arabidopsis, but surprisingly in βca1 knockout plants, indicating light-dependent regulation. The results assign a role of βCA within the thiol redox regulatory network of the chloroplast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dreyer
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (A.D.); (A.S.); (K.C.); (C.W.); (L.V.)
| | - Alexander Schackmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (A.D.); (A.S.); (K.C.); (C.W.); (L.V.)
| | - Alexandre Kriznik
- CNRS, INSERM, IBSLor, Biophysics and Structural Biology, Université de Lorraine, F-5400 Nancy, France;
| | - Kamel Chibani
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (A.D.); (A.S.); (K.C.); (C.W.); (L.V.)
| | - Corinna Wesemann
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (A.D.); (A.S.); (K.C.); (C.W.); (L.V.)
| | - Lara Vogelsang
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (A.D.); (A.S.); (K.C.); (C.W.); (L.V.)
| | - André Beyer
- Physics of Supramolecular Systems and Surfaces, Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany;
| | - Karl-Josef Dietz
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (A.D.); (A.S.); (K.C.); (C.W.); (L.V.)
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Del Prete S, De Luca V, Bua S, Nocentini A, Carginale V, Supuran CT, Capasso C. The Effect of Substituted Benzene-Sulfonamides and Clinically Licensed Drugs on the Catalytic Activity of CynT2, a Carbonic Anhydrase Crucial for Escherichia coli Life Cycle. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114175. [PMID: 32545297 PMCID: PMC7312386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins are relevant antimicrobial drug targets, and among them, enzymes represent a significant group, since most of them catalyze reactions essential for supporting the central metabolism, or are necessary for the pathogen vitality. Genomic exploration of pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms has revealed genes encoding for a superfamily of metalloenzymes, known as carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1). CAs catalyze the physiologically crucial reversible reaction of the carbon dioxide hydration to bicarbonate and protons. Herein, we investigated the sulfonamide inhibition profile of the recombinant β-CA (CynT2) identified in the genome of the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli. This biocatalyst is indispensable for the growth of the microbe at atmospheric pCO2. Surprisingly, this enzyme has not been investigated for its inhibition with any class of CA inhibitors. Here, we show that CynT2 was strongly inhibited by some substituted benzene-sulfonamides and the clinically used inhibitor sulpiride (KIs in the range of 82–97 nM). This study may be relevant for identifying novel CA inhibitors, as well as for another essential part of the drug discovery pipeline, such as the structure–activity relationship for this class of enzyme inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Del Prete
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (S.D.P.); (V.D.L.); (V.C.)
| | - Viviana De Luca
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (S.D.P.); (V.D.L.); (V.C.)
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, CNR, Via Argine 1085, 80147 Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Bua
- Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Department of Neurofarba, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (S.B.); (A.N.)
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Department of Neurofarba, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (S.B.); (A.N.)
| | - Vincenzo Carginale
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (S.D.P.); (V.D.L.); (V.C.)
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Department of Neurofarba, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (S.B.); (A.N.)
- Correspondence: (C.T.S.); (C.C.); Tel.: +39-055-4573729 (C.T.S.); +39-081-613-2559 (C.C.)
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (S.D.P.); (V.D.L.); (V.C.)
- Correspondence: (C.T.S.); (C.C.); Tel.: +39-055-4573729 (C.T.S.); +39-081-613-2559 (C.C.)
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Design of carbonic anhydrase with improved thermostability for CO2 capture via molecular simulations. J CO2 UTIL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2020.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Thermodynamic, kinetic, and structural parameterization of human carbonic anhydrase interactions toward enhanced inhibitor design. Q Rev Biophys 2019; 51:e10. [PMID: 30912486 DOI: 10.1017/s0033583518000082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of rational drug design is to develop small molecules using a quantitative approach to optimize affinity. This should enhance the development of chemical compounds that would specifically, selectively, reversibly, and with high affinity interact with a target protein. It is not yet possible to develop such compounds using computational (i.e., in silico) approach and instead the lead molecules are discovered in high-throughput screening searches of large compound libraries. The main reason why in silico methods are not capable to deliver is our poor understanding of the compound structure-thermodynamics and structure-kinetics correlations. There is a need for databases of intrinsic binding parameters (e.g., the change upon binding in standard Gibbs energy (ΔGint), enthalpy (ΔHint), entropy (ΔSint), volume (ΔVintr), heat capacity (ΔCp,int), association rate (ka,int), and dissociation rate (kd,int)) between a series of closely related proteins and a chemically diverse, but pharmacophoric group-guided library of compounds together with the co-crystal structures that could help explain the structure-energetics correlations and rationally design novel compounds. Assembly of these data will facilitate attempts to provide correlations and train data for modeling of compound binding. Here, we report large datasets of the intrinsic thermodynamic and kinetic data including over 400 primary sulfonamide compound binding to a family of 12 catalytically active human carbonic anhydrases (CA). Thermodynamic parameters have been determined by the fluorescent thermal shift assay, isothermal titration calorimetry, and by the stopped-flow assay of the inhibition of enzymatic activity. Kinetic measurements were performed using surface plasmon resonance. Intrinsic thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of binding were determined by dissecting the binding-linked protonation reactions of the protein and sulfonamide. The compound structure-thermodynamics and kinetics correlations reported here helped to discover compounds that exhibited picomolar affinities, hour-long residence times, and million-fold selectivities over non-target CA isoforms. Drug-lead compounds are suggested for anticancer target CA IX and CA XII, antiglaucoma CA IV, antiobesity CA VA and CA VB, and other isoforms. Together with 85 X-ray crystallographic structures of 60 compounds bound to six CA isoforms, the database should be of help to continue developing the principles of rational target-based drug design.
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Kim S, Sung J, Yeon J, Choi SH, Jin MS. Crystal Structure of a Highly Thermostable α-Carbonic Anhydrase from Persephonella marina EX-H1. Mol Cells 2019; 42:460-469. [PMID: 31250619 PMCID: PMC6602146 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2019.0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial α-type carbonic anhydrase (α-CA) is a zinc metalloenzyme that catalyzes the reversible and extremely rapid interconversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate. In this study, we report the first crystal structure of a hyperthermostable α-CA from Persephonella marina EXH1 (pm CA) in the absence and presence of competitive inhibitor, acetazolamide. The structure reveals a compactly folded pm CA homodimer in which each monomer consists of a 10-stranded β-sheet in the center. The catalytic zinc ion is coordinated by three highly conserved histidine residues with an exchangeable fourth ligand (a water molecule, a bicarbonate anion, or the sulfonamide group of acetazolamide). Together with an intramolecular disulfide bond, extensive interfacial networks of hydrogen bonds, ionic and hydrophobic interactions stabilize the dimeric structure and are likely responsible for the high thermal stability. We also identified novel binding sites for calcium ions at the crystallographic interface, which serve as molecular glue linking negatively charged and otherwise repulsive surfaces. Furthermore, this large negatively charged patch appears to further increase the thermostability at alkaline pH range via favorable charge-charge interactions between pm CA and solvent molecules. These findings may assist development of novel α-CAs with improved thermal and/or alkaline stability for applications such as CO2 capture and sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subin Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005,
Korea
| | - Jongmin Sung
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005,
Korea
| | - Jungyoon Yeon
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005,
Korea
| | - Seung Hun Choi
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005,
Korea
| | - Mi Sun Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005,
Korea
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31
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Del Prete S, Merlo R, Valenti A, Mattossovich R, Rossi M, Carginale V, Supuran CT, Perugino G, Capasso C. Thermostability enhancement of the α-carbonic anhydrase from Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonense by using the anchoring-and-self-labelling-protein-tag system (ASL tag). J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:946-954. [PMID: 31039618 PMCID: PMC6493269 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1605991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) are a superfamily of ubiquitous metalloenzymes present in all living organisms on the planet. They are classified into seven genetically distinct families and catalyse the hydration reaction of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and protons, as well as the opposite reaction. CAs were proposed to be used for biotechnological applications, such as the post-combustion carbon capture processes. In this context, there is a great interest in searching CAs with robust chemical and physical properties. Here, we describe the enhancement of thermostability of the α-CA from Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonense (SspCA) by using the anchoring-and-self-labelling-protein-tag system (ASLtag). The anchored chimeric H5-SspCA was active for the CO2 hydration reaction and its thermostability increased when the cells were heated for a prolonged period at high temperatures (e.g. 70 °C). The ASLtag can be considered as a useful method for enhancing the thermostability of a protein useful for biotechnological applications, which often need harsh operating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Del Prete
- a Department of Biology Agriculture and Food Sciences , Institute of Bioscience and BioResources - National Research Council of Italy , Naples , Italy
| | - Rosa Merlo
- a Department of Biology Agriculture and Food Sciences , Institute of Bioscience and BioResources - National Research Council of Italy , Naples , Italy
| | - Anna Valenti
- a Department of Biology Agriculture and Food Sciences , Institute of Bioscience and BioResources - National Research Council of Italy , Naples , Italy
| | - Rosanna Mattossovich
- a Department of Biology Agriculture and Food Sciences , Institute of Bioscience and BioResources - National Research Council of Italy , Naples , Italy
| | - Mosè Rossi
- a Department of Biology Agriculture and Food Sciences , Institute of Bioscience and BioResources - National Research Council of Italy , Naples , Italy
| | - Vincenzo Carginale
- a Department of Biology Agriculture and Food Sciences , Institute of Bioscience and BioResources - National Research Council of Italy , Naples , Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- b Neurofarba Department , University of Florence, Polo Scientifico , Sesto Fiorentino Firenze , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Perugino
- a Department of Biology Agriculture and Food Sciences , Institute of Bioscience and BioResources - National Research Council of Italy , Naples , Italy
| | - Clemente Capasso
- a Department of Biology Agriculture and Food Sciences , Institute of Bioscience and BioResources - National Research Council of Italy , Naples , Italy
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Han H, Ling Z, Khan A, Virk AK, Kulshrestha S, Li X. Improvements of thermophilic enzymes: From genetic modifications to applications. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 279:350-361. [PMID: 30755321 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Thermozymes (from thermophiles or hyperthermophiles) offer obvious advantages due to their excellent thermostability, broad pH adaptation, and hydrolysis ability, resulting in diverse industrial applications including food, paper, and textile processing, biofuel production. However, natural thermozymes with low yield and poor adaptability severely hinder their large-scale applications. Extensive studies demonstrated that using genetic modifications such as directed evolution, semi-rational design, and rational design, expression regulations and chemical modifications effectively improved enzyme's yield, thermostability and catalytic efficiency. However, mechanism-based techniques for thermozymes improvements and applications need more attention. In this review, stabilizing mechanisms of thermozymes are summarized for thermozymes improvements, and these improved thermozymes eventually have large-scale industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawen Han
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Tianshui South Road #222, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenmin Ling
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Tianshui South Road #222, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Aman Khan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Tianshui South Road #222, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Amanpreet Kaur Virk
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India
| | - Saurabh Kulshrestha
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India
| | - Xiangkai Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Tianshui South Road #222, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China.
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33
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Vullo D, Del Prete S, Osman SM, Alasmary FAS, AlOthman Z, Donald WA, Capasso C, Supuran CT. Comparison of the amine/amino acid activation profiles of the β- and γ-carbonic anhydrases from the pathogenic bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:25-30. [PMID: 29098887 PMCID: PMC6009869 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1387544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The β-class carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) from the pathogenic bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, BpsCAβ, that is responsible for the tropical disease melioidosis was investigated for its activation with natural and non-natural amino acids and amines. Previously, the γ-CA from this bacterium has been investigated with the same library of 19 amines/amino acids, which show very potent activating effects on both enzymes. The most effective BpsCAβ activators were L- and D-DOPA, L- and D-Trp, L-Tyr, 4-amino-L-Phe, histamine, dopamine, serotonin, 2-pyridyl-methylamine, 1-(2-aminoethyl)-piperazine and L-adrenaline with KAs of 0.9-27 nM. Less effective activators were D-His, L- and D-Phe, D-Tyr, 2-(2-aminoethyl)pyridine and 4-(2-aminoethyl)-morpholine with KAs of 73 nM-3.42 µM. The activation of CAs from bacteria, such as BpsCAγ/β, has not been considered previously for possible biomedical applications. It would be of interest to perform studies in which bacteria are cultivated in the presence of CA activators, which may contribute to understanding processes connected with the virulence and colonization of the host by pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Vullo
- Dipartimento Di Chimica, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Polo Scientifico, Università degliStudi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Sonia Del Prete
- CNR, Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Sameh M. Osman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatmah A. S. Alasmary
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeid AlOthman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - William A. Donald
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Parra-Cruz R, Jäger CM, Lau PL, Gomes RL, Pordea A. Rational Design of Thermostable Carbonic Anhydrase Mutants Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:8526-8536. [PMID: 30114369 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b05926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The stability of enzymes is critical for their application in industrial processes, which generally require different conditions from the natural enzyme environment. Both rational and random protein engineering approaches have been used to increase stability, with the latter requiring extensive experimental effort for the screening of variants. Moreover, some general rules addressing the molecular origin of protein thermostability have been established. Herein, we demonstrate the use of molecular dynamics simulations to gain molecular level understanding of protein thermostability and to engineer stabilizing mutations. Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is an enzyme with a high potential for biotechnological carbon capture applications, provided it can be engineered to withstand the high temperature process environments, inevitable in most gas treatment units. In this study, we used molecular dynamics simulations at 343, 353, and 363 K to study the relationship between structure flexibility and thermostability in bacterial α-CAs and applied this knowledge to the design of mutants with increased stability. The most thermostable α-CA known, TaCA from Thermovibrio ammonificans, had the most rigid structure during molecular dynamics simulations, but also showed regions with high flexibility. The most flexible amino acids in these regions were identified from root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) studies, and stabilizing point mutations were predicted based on their capacity to improve the calculated free energy of unfolding. Disulfide bonds were also designed at sites with suitable geometries and selected based on their location at flexible sites, assessed by B-factor calculation. Molecular dynamics simulations allowed the identification of five mutants with lower RMSF of the overall structure at 400 K, compared to wild-type TaCA. Comparison of free-energy landscapes between wild-type TaCA and the most promising mutants, Pro165Cys-Gln170Cys and Asn140Gly, showed an increased conformational stability of the mutants at 400 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Parra-Cruz
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus , Semenyih 43500 , Malaysia
| | - Christof M Jäger
- Faculty of Engineering , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K
| | - Phei Li Lau
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus , Semenyih 43500 , Malaysia
| | - Rachel L Gomes
- Faculty of Engineering , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K
| | - Anca Pordea
- Faculty of Engineering , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K
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Mishra CB, Kumari S, Angeli A, Bua S, Buonanno M, Monti SM, Tiwari M, Supuran CT. Discovery of potent anti-convulsant carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Design, synthesis, in vitro and in vivo appraisal. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 156:430-443. [PMID: 30015076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We report the design, synthesis and pharmacological assessment of novel benzenesulfonamide derivatives acting as effective carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitors. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their CA inhibitory action against four isoforms of human origin (h), i.e. hCA I, hCA II, hCA VII and hCA IX. In-vitro carbonic anhydrase inhibition studies have shown that first series, 4-(2-(4-(4-substitutedpiperazin-1-yl)benzylidene)hydrazinyl)benzenesulfonamides (4a- 4i) bestowed low nanomolar range to medium nanomolar range inhibitors against hCA II and hCA VII, effectively involved in epileptogenesis. Furthermore, compounds belonging to the second series, 4-(2-(4-(4-substitutedpiperazin-yl)benzylidene)hydrazinecarbonyl)benzenesulfonamides (8a-8k) showed effective inhibition against hCA VII, being less effective against other hCA isoforms. Inspiring with obtained CA inhibition results, we have chosen some of the potent hCA II and hCA VII inhibitors (4g, 4i and 8d) to test their anti-convulsant efficacy in MES and sc-PTZ seizure tests in Swiss Albino male mice. In result, these compounds significantly attenuated both electrical (MES) as well as chemical (sc-PTZ) induced seizures. Next, in advance anticonvulsant tests, compound 8d displayed long duration of action in time course study and successfully attenuated MES induced seizure in mice up to 6 h after drug administration without showing neurotoxicity in rotarod test. Moreover, this compound was also found to be orally active and effectively abolished generalized tonic-clonic seizures in male Wistar rats upon oral administration, being non-toxic in sub acute toxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Bhushan Mishra
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, 110007, Delhi, India
| | - Shikha Kumari
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, 110007, Delhi, India
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Universita` degli Studi di Firenze, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Bua
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Universita` degli Studi di Firenze, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Martina Buonanno
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, via Mezzocannone, 16, 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Maria Monti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, via Mezzocannone, 16, 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Manisha Tiwari
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, 110007, Delhi, India.
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Universita` degli Studi di Firenze, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
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Qu C, He Y, Zheng Z, An M, Li L, Wang X, He X, Wang Y, Liu F, Miao J. Cloning, Expression Analysis and Enzyme Activity Assays of the α-Carbonic Anhydrase Gene from Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-L. Mol Biotechnol 2018; 60:21-30. [PMID: 29138983 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-017-0040-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The α-carbonic anhydrase (α-CA) is a zinc ion-containing enzyme that catalyzes the hydration of carbon dioxide. In this paper, a full-length α-CA gene was cloned from Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-L using RT-PCR and RACE-PCR for bioinformatic analysis. The α-CA open reading frame obtained by PCR was cloned into a vector and transformed into Escherichia coli to generate α-CA-producing bacteria. The α-CA was highly expressed upon induction with isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactoside (IPTG) at a final concentration of 0.8 mM. A single band with a molecular weight of approximate 40 kDa expressed in the recombinant E. coli strain harboring the α-CA vector was observed in SDS-PAGE analysis. The carbon dioxide hydration activity and esterase activity of α-CA expressed by the recombinant strain were 0.404 U/mg and 0.319 U, respectively. In addition, three conditions, temperature, salinity and UVB radiation exposure, were selected to analyze α-CA transcription levels by qRT-PCR. The results suggested UVB exposure increased the expression of relative mRNA; meanwhile, the α-CA mRNA expression was rapidly induced by temperature and salinity stress, indicating that Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-L might modulate the α-CA mRNA expression to adapt to the extreme environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changfeng Qu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substances, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, 266061, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yingying He
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substances, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Zhou Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substances, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, 266061, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Meiling An
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substances, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, 266061, China.,Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Lulu Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substances, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Xixi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substances, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Xiaodong He
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substances, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Yibin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substances, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Fangming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substances, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Jinlai Miao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substances, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, 266061, China. .,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China. .,Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Del Prete S, Bua S, Zoccola D, Alasmary FAS, AlOthman Z, Alqahtani LS, Techer N, Supuran CT, Tambutté S, Capasso C. Comparison of the Anion Inhibition Profiles of the α-CA Isoforms (SpiCA1, SpiCA2 and SpiCA3) from the Scleractinian Coral Stylophora pistillata. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072128. [PMID: 30037122 PMCID: PMC6073313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) are widespread metalloenzymes used by living organisms to accelerate the CO2 hydration/dehydration reaction at rates dramatically high compared to the uncatalyzed reaction. These enzymes have different isoforms and homologues and can be found in the form of cytoplasmic, secreted or membrane-bound proteins. CAs play a role in numerous physiological processes including biomineralization and symbiosis, as is the case in reef-building corals. Previously, molecular and biochemical data have been obtained at the molecular level in the branching coral Stylophora pistillata for two coral isoforms which differ significantly in their catalytic activity and susceptibility to inhibition with anions and sulfonamides. More recently it has been determined that the genome of S. pistillata encodes for 16 CAs. Here, we cloned, expressed, purified and characterized a novel α-CA, named SpiCA3, which is cytoplasmic and ubiquitously expressed in all the cell layers including the calcifying cells. SpiCA3 is the most effective CA among the coral isoforms investigated and the most efficient catalyst known up to date in Metazoa. We also investigated the inhibition profiles of SpiCA3 and compared it with those obtained for the two other isoforms in the presence of inorganic anions and other small molecules known to interfere with metalloenzymes. These results suggest that S. pistillata has adapted its CA isoforms to achieve the physiological functions in different physicochemical microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Del Prete
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Silvia Bua
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - Didier Zoccola
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Department of Marine Biology, 8 Quai Antoine 1, 98000 Monaco.
| | - Fatmah A S Alasmary
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Zeid AlOthman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Linah S Alqahtani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Chemistry, King Faisal University, Alahsa, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nathalie Techer
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Department of Marine Biology, 8 Quai Antoine 1, 98000 Monaco.
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - Sylvie Tambutté
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Department of Marine Biology, 8 Quai Antoine 1, 98000 Monaco.
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, Napoli, Italy.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The hydration/dehydration of CO2 catalyzed by carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) is a crucial physiological reaction for the survival of all living organisms because it is connected with numerous biosynthetic and biochemical pathways requiring CO2 or HCO3-, such as respiration, photosynthesis, carboxylation reactions, pH homeostasis, secretion of electrolytes, transport of CO2, bicarbonate, etc. AREAS COVERED The bacterial genome encodes CAs belonging to the α-, β-, and γ-CA classes able to ensure the survival and/or satisfying the metabolic needs of the bacteria, as demonstrated by in vivo and in vitro experiments. The discovery of new anti-infectives that target new bacterial pathways, such as those involving CAs, may lead to effective therapies against diseases subject to the antibiotic resistance. This aspect is important in pharmaceutical and biomedical research but received little attention till recently. EXPERT OPINION An overview of the potential use of CAs in biomedical applications, as drug targets, bioindicators, and within artificial organs is presented. The discovery of thermostable bacterial CAs allowed the use of CAs in biotechnological applications, but patents related to the use of bacterial CAs in the development of pharmacological agents are scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- a Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, and Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Polo Scientifico , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Florence , Italy
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Fredslund F, Borchert MS, Poulsen JCN, Mortensen SB, Perner M, Streit WR, Lo Leggio L. Structure of a hyperthermostable carbonic anhydrase identified from an active hydrothermal vent chimney. Enzyme Microb Technol 2018; 114:48-54. [PMID: 29685353 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are extremely fast enzymes, which have attracted much interest in the past due to their medical relevance and their biotechnological potential. An α-type CA gene was isolated from DNA derived from an active hydrothermal vent chimney, in an effort to identify novel CAs with suitable properties for CO2 capture. The gene product was recombinantly produced and characterized, revealing remarkable thermostability, also in the presence of high ionic strength alkaline conditions, which are used in some CO2 capture applications. The Tm was above 90 °C under all tested conditions. The enzyme was crystallized and the structure determined by molecular replacement, revealing a typical bacterial α-type CA non-covalent dimer, but not the disulphide mediated tetramer observed for the hyperthermophilic homologue used for molecular replacement, from Thermovibrio ammonificans. Structural comparison suggests that an increased secondary structure content, increased content of charges on the surface and ionic interactions compared to mesophilic enzymes, may be main structural sources of thermostability, as previously suggested for the homologue from Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Folmer Fredslund
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
| | | | - Jens-Christian N Poulsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
| | | | - Mirjam Perner
- Molecular Biology of Microbial Consortia, University of Hamburg, Biocenter Klein Flottbek, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang R Streit
- Microbiology and Biotechnology, Biocenter Klein Flottbek, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leila Lo Leggio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark.
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40
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Mishra CB, Kumari S, Angeli A, Bua S, Tiwari M, Supuran CT. Discovery of Benzenesulfonamide Derivatives as Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors with Effective Anticonvulsant Action: Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Evaluation. J Med Chem 2018; 61:3151-3165. [PMID: 29566486 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Two series of novel benzenesulfonamide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their human carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitory activity against four isoforms, hCA I, hCA II, hCA VII, and hCA IX. It was found that compounds of both series showed low to medium nanomolar inhibitory potential against all isoforms. Some of these derivatives displayed selective inhibition against the epileptogenesis related isoforms hCA II and VII, within the nanomolar range. These potent hCA II and VII inhibitors were evaluated as anticonvulsant agents against MES and sc-PTZ induced convulsions. These sulfonamides effectively abolished induced seizures in both models. Furthermore, time dependent seizure protection capability of the most potent compound was also evaluated. A long duration of action was displayed, with efficacy up to 6 h after drug administration. The compound appeared as an orally active anticonvulsant agent without showing neurotoxicity in a rotarod test, a nontoxic chemical profile being observed in subacute toxicity study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Bhushan Mishra
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research , University of Delhi , 110007 Delhi , India
| | - Shikha Kumari
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research , University of Delhi , 110007 Delhi , India
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche , Università degli Studi di Firenze , 50019 Florence , Italy
| | - Silvia Bua
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche , Università degli Studi di Firenze , 50019 Florence , Italy
| | - Manisha Tiwari
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research , University of Delhi , 110007 Delhi , India
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche , Università degli Studi di Firenze , 50019 Florence , Italy
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41
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Del Prete S, Vullo D, Caminiti-Segonds N, Zoccola D, Tambutté S, Supuran CT, Capasso C. Protonography and anion inhibition profile of the α-carbonic anhydrase (CruCA4) identified in the Mediterranean red coral Corallium rubrum. Bioorg Chem 2017; 76:281-287. [PMID: 29223031 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CruCA4 is a secreted isoform of the α-carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) family, which has been identified in the octocoral Corallium rubrum. This enzyme is involved in the calcification process leading to the formation of the coral calcium carbonate skeleton. We report here experiments performed on the recombinant CruCA4 with the technique of protonography that can be used to detect in a simple way the enzyme activity. We have also investigated the inhibition profile of CruCA4 with one major class of CA inhibitors, the inorganic anions. A range of weak and moderate inhibitors have been identified having KI in the range of 1-100 mM, among which the halides, pseudohalides, bicarbonate, sulfate, nitrate, nitrite, and many complex inorganic anions. Stronger inhibitors were sulfamide, sulfamate, phenylboronic acid, phenylarsonic acid, and diethylditiocarbamate, which showed a better affinity for this enzyme, with KI in the range of 75 μM-0.60 mM. All these anions/small molecules probably coordinate to the Zn(II) ion within the CA active site as enzyme inhibition mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Del Prete
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, Napoli, Italy
| | - Daniela Vullo
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento Di Chimica, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Polo Scientifico, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Didier Zoccola
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine 1°, 98 000, Monaco
| | - Sylvie Tambutté
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine 1°, 98 000, Monaco
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, Napoli, Italy.
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42
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Perfetto R, Del Prete S, Vullo D, Sansone G, Barone C, Rossi M, Supuran CT, Capasso C. Biochemical characterization of the native α-carbonic anhydrase purified from the mantle of the Mediterranean mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:632-639. [PMID: 28229634 PMCID: PMC6010126 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1284069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A α-carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) has been purified and characterized biochemically from the mollusk Mytilus galloprovincialis. As in most mollusks, this α-CA is involved in the biomineralization processes leading to the precipitation of calcium carbonate in the mussel shell. The new enzyme had a molecular weight of 50 kDa, which is roughly two times higher than that of a monomeric α-class enzyme. Thus, Mytilus galloprovincialis α-CA is either a dimer, or similar to the Tridacna gigas CA described earlier, may have two different CA domains in its polypeptide chain. The Mytilus galloprovincialis α-CA sequence contained the three His residues acting as zinc ligands and the gate-keeper residues present in all α-CAs (Glu106-Thr199), but had a Lys in position 64 and not a His as proton shuttling residue, being thus similar to the human isoform hCA III. This probably explains the relatively low catalytic activity of Mytilus galloprovincialis α-CA, with the following kinetic parameters for the CO2 hydration reaction: kcat = 4.1 × 105 s-1 and kcat/Km of 3.6 × 107 M-1 × s-1. The enzyme activity was poorly inhibited by the sulfonamide acetazolamide, with a KI of 380 nM. This study is one of the few describing in detail the biochemical characterization of a molluskan CA and may be useful for understanding in detail the phylogeny of these enzymes, their role in biocalcification processes and their potential use in the biomimetic capture of the CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Perfetto
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse, CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Sonia Del Prete
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse, CNR, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, and Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Polo Scientifico, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Vullo
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, and Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Polo Scientifico, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sansone
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli, Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Carmela Barone
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli, Federico II, Portici (Napoli), Italy
| | - Mosè Rossi
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse, CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, and Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Polo Scientifico, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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43
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An Overview of the Bacterial Carbonic Anhydrases. Metabolites 2017; 7:metabo7040056. [PMID: 29137134 PMCID: PMC5746736 DOI: 10.3390/metabo7040056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria encode carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) belonging to three different genetic families, the α-, β-, and γ-classes. By equilibrating CO2 and bicarbonate, these metalloenzymes interfere with pH regulation and other crucial physiological processes of these organisms. The detailed investigations of many such enzymes from pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria afford the opportunity to design both novel therapeutic agents, as well as biomimetic processes, for example, for CO2 capture. Investigation of bacterial CA inhibitors and activators may be relevant for finding antibiotics with a new mechanism of action.
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44
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Perfetto R, Del Prete S, Vullo D, Carginale V, Sansone G, Barone CMA, Rossi M, Alasmary FAS, Osman SM, AlOthman Z, Supuran CT, Capasso C. Cloning, expression and purification of the α-carbonic anhydrase from the mantle of the Mediterranean mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:1029-1035. [PMID: 28741386 PMCID: PMC6010101 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1353502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We cloned, expressed, purified, and determined the kinetic constants of the recombinant α-carbonic anhydrase (rec-MgaCA) identified in the mantle tissue of the bivalve Mediterranean mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis. In metazoans, the α-CA family is largely represented and plays a pivotal role in the deposition of calcium carbonate biominerals. Our results demonstrated that rec-MgaCA was a monomer with an apparent molecular weight of about 32 kDa. Moreover, the determined kinetic parameters for the CO2 hydration reaction were kcat = 4.2 × 105 s−1 and kcat/Km of 3.5 × 107 M−1 ×s−1. Curiously, the rec-MgaCA showed a very similar kinetic and acetazolamide inhibition features when compared to those of the native enzyme (MgaCA), which has a molecular weight of 50 kDa. Analysing the SDS-PAGE, the protonography, and the kinetic analysis performed on the native and recombinant enzyme, we hypothesised that probably the native MgaCA is a multidomain protein with a single CA domain at the N-terminus of the protein. This hypothesis is corroborated by the existence in mollusks of multidomain proteins with a hydratase activity. Among these proteins, nacrein is an example of α-CA multidomain proteins characterised by a single CA domain at the N-terminus part of the entire protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Perfetto
- a Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse , CNR , Napoli , Italy
| | - Sonia Del Prete
- a Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse , CNR , Napoli , Italy.,b Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Polo Scientifico , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino, Florence , Italy
| | - Daniela Vullo
- b Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Polo Scientifico , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino, Florence , Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Sansone
- c Dipartimento di Biologia , Università degli Studi di Napoli, Federico II , Napoli , Italy
| | - Carmela M A Barone
- d Dipartimento di Agraria , Università degli Studi di Napoli, Federico II , Portici, Napoli , Italy
| | - Mosè Rossi
- a Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse , CNR , Napoli , Italy
| | - Fatmah A S Alasmary
- e Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino , Florence , Italy
| | - Sameh M Osman
- e Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino , Florence , Italy
| | - Zeid AlOthman
- e Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino , Florence , Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- b Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Polo Scientifico , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino, Florence , Italy.,e Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino , Florence , Italy.,f Department of Chemistry, College of Science , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
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Del Prete S, Perfetto R, Rossi M, Alasmary FAS, Osman SM, AlOthman Z, Supuran CT, Capasso C. A one-step procedure for immobilising the thermostable carbonic anhydrase (SspCA) on the surface membrane of Escherichia coli. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:1120-1128. [PMID: 28791907 PMCID: PMC6010132 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1355794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The carbonic anhydrase superfamily (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) of metalloenzymes is present in all three domains of life (Eubacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya), being an interesting example of convergent/divergent evolution, with its seven families (α-, β-, γ-, δ-, ζ-, η-, and θ-CAs) described so far. CAs catalyse the simple, but physiologically crucial reaction of carbon dioxide hydration to bicarbonate and protons. Recently, our groups characterised the α-CA from the thermophilic bacterium, Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonense finding a very high catalytic activity for the CO2 hydration reaction (kcat = 9.35 × 105 s-1 and kcat/Km = 1.1 × 108 M-1 s-1) which was maintained after heating the enzyme at 80 °C for 3 h. This highly thermostable SspCA was covalently immobilised within polyurethane foam and onto the surface of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Here, we describe a one-step procedure for immobilising the thermostable SspCA directly on the surface membrane of Escherichia coli, using the INPN domain of Pseudomonas syringae. This strategy has clear advantages with respect to other methods, which require as the first step the production and the purification of the biocatalyst, and as the second step the immobilisation of the enzyme onto a specific support. Our results demonstrate that thermostable SspCA fused to the INPN domain of P. syringae ice nucleation protein (INP) was correctly expressed on the outer membrane of engineered E. coli cells, affording for an easy approach to design biotechnological applications for this highly effective thermostable catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Del Prete
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Bio-Agroalimentari, CNR-Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse , CNR , Napoli , Italy.,b Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, and Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Polo Scientifico , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Florence , Italy
| | - Rosa Perfetto
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Bio-Agroalimentari, CNR-Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse , CNR , Napoli , Italy
| | - Mosè Rossi
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Bio-Agroalimentari, CNR-Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse , CNR , Napoli , Italy
| | - Fatmah A S Alasmary
- c Department of Chemistry, College of Science , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameh M Osman
- c Department of Chemistry, College of Science , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeid AlOthman
- c Department of Chemistry, College of Science , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- b Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, and Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Polo Scientifico , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Florence , Italy
| | - Clemente Capasso
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Bio-Agroalimentari, CNR-Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse , CNR , Napoli , Italy
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46
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Perfetto R, Del Prete S, Vullo D, Sansone G, Barone CMA, Rossi M, Supuran CT, Capasso C. Production and covalent immobilisation of the recombinant bacterial carbonic anhydrase (SspCA) onto magnetic nanoparticles. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:759-766. [PMID: 28497711 PMCID: PMC6445167 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1316719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs; EC 4.2.1.1) are metalloenzymes with a pivotal potential role in the biomimetic CO2 capture process (CCP) because these biocatalysts catalyse the simple but physiologically crucial reaction of carbon dioxide hydration to bicarbonate and protons in all life kingdoms. The CAs are among the fastest known enzymes, with kcat values of up to 106 s-1 for some members of the superfamily, providing thus advantages when compared with other CCP methods, as they are specific for CO2. Thermostable CAs might be used in CCP technology because of their ability to perform catalysis in operatively hard conditions, typical of the industrial processes. Moreover, the improvement of the enzyme stability and its reuse are important for lowering the costs. These aspects can be overcome by immobilising the enzyme on a specific support. We report in this article that the recombinant thermostable SspCA (α-CA) from the thermophilic bacterium Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonense can been heterologously produced by a high-density fermentation of Escherichia coli cultures, and covalently immobilised onto the surface of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (MNP) via carbodiimide activation reactions. Our results demonstrate that using a benchtop bioprocess station and strategies for optimising the bacterial growth, it is possible to produce at low cost a large amount SspCA. Furthermore, the enzyme stability and storage greatly increased through the immobilisation, as SspCA bound to MNP could be recovered from the reaction mixture by simply using a magnet or an electromagnetic field, due to the strong ferromagnetic properties of Fe3O4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Perfetto
- a Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse, CNR , Napoli , Italy
| | - Sonia Del Prete
- a Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse, CNR , Napoli , Italy.,b Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, and Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Polo Scientifico , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Daniela Vullo
- b Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, and Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Polo Scientifico , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Giovanni Sansone
- c Dipartimento di Biologia , Università degli Studi di Napoli, Federico II , Napoli , Italy
| | - Carmela M A Barone
- d Dipartimento di Agraria , Università degli Studi di Napoli, Federico II , Portici , Napoli , Italy
| | - Mosè Rossi
- a Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse, CNR , Napoli , Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- b Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, and Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Polo Scientifico , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
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Sequence Analysis, Kinetic Constants, and Anion Inhibition Profile of the Nacrein-Like Protein (CgiNAP2X1) from the Pacific Oyster Magallana gigas (Ex-Crassostrea gigas). Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15090270. [PMID: 28846630 PMCID: PMC5618409 DOI: 10.3390/md15090270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) superfamily of metalloenzymes catalyzes the hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and protons. The catalytically active form of these enzymes incorporates a metal hydroxide derivative, the formation of which is the rate-determining step of catalytic reaction, being affected by the transfer of a proton from a metal-coordinated water molecule to the environment. Here, we report the cloning, expression, and purification of a particular CA, i.e., nacrein-like protein encoded in the genome of the Pacific oyster Magallana gigas (previously known as Crassostrea gigas). Furthermore, the amino acid sequence, kinetic constants, and anion inhibition profile of the recombinant enzyme were investigated for the first time. The new protein, CgiNAP2X1, is highly effective as catalyst for the CO2 hydration reaction, based on the measured kinetic parameters, i.e., kcat = 1.0 × 106 s−1 and kcat/KM = 1.2 × 108 M−1·s−1. CgiNAP2X1 has a putative signal peptide, which probably allows an extracellular localization of the protein. The inhibition data demonstrated that the best anion inhibitors of CgiNAP2X1 were diethyldithiocarbamate, sulfamide, sulfamate, phenylboronic acid and phenylarsonic acid, which showed a micromolar affinity for this enzyme, with KIs in the range of 76–87 μM. These studies may add new information on the physiological role of the molluskan CAs in the biocalcification processes.
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Bose H, Satyanarayana T. Microbial Carbonic Anhydrases in Biomimetic Carbon Sequestration for Mitigating Global Warming: Prospects and Perspectives. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1615. [PMID: 28890712 PMCID: PMC5574912 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
All the leading cities in the world are slowly becoming inhospitable for human life with global warming playing havoc with the living conditions. Biomineralization of carbon dioxide using carbonic anhydrase (CA) is one of the most economical methods for mitigating global warming. The burning of fossil fuels results in the emission of large quantities of flue gas. The temperature of flue gas is quite high. Alkaline conditions are necessary for CaCO3 precipitation in the mineralization process. In order to use CAs for biomimetic carbon sequestration, thermo-alkali-stable CAs are, therefore, essential. CAs must be stable in the presence of various flue gas contaminants too. The extreme environments on earth harbor a variety of polyextremophilic microbes that are rich sources of thermo-alkali-stable CAs. CAs are the fastest among the known enzymes, which are of six basic types with no apparent sequence homology, thus represent an elegant example of convergent evolution. The current review focuses on the utility of thermo-alkali-stable CAs in biomineralization based strategies. A variety of roles that CAs play in various living organisms, the use of CA inhibitors as drug targets and strategies for overproduction of CAs to meet the demand are also briefly discussed.
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Carbonic Anhydrase from Porphyromonas Gingivalis as a Drug Target. Pathogens 2017; 6:pathogens6030030. [PMID: 28714894 PMCID: PMC5617987 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens6030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis originates from a microbial synergy causing the development of a mouth microbial imbalance (dysbiosis), consisting of a microbial community composed of anaerobic bacteria. Most studies concerning the treatment of periodontitis have primarily take into account the Gram-negative bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis, because it is a prominent component of the oral microbiome and a successful colonizer of the oral epithelium. Here, we focus our attention on the study of the carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) encoded in the genome of this pathogen as a possible drug target. Carbonic anhydrases are a superfamily of metalloenzymes, which catalyze the simple but physiologically crucial reaction of carbon dioxide hydration to bicarbonate and protons. Bacterial CAs have attracted significant attention for affecting the survival, invasion, and pathogenicity of many microorganisms. The P. gingivalis genome encodes for two CAs belonging to β-CA (PgiCAβ) and γ-CA (PgiCAγ) families. These two enzymes were cloned, heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli, and purified to homogeneity. Moreover, they were subject to extensive inhibition studies using the classical CA inhibitors (sulfonamides and anions) with the aim of identifying selective inhibitors of PgiCAβ and PgiCAγ to be used as pharmacological tools for P. gingivalis eradication.
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Kinetic properties and affinities for sulfonamide inhibitors of an α-carbonic anhydrase (CruCA4) involved in coral biomineralization in the Mediterranean red coral Corallium rubrum. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:3525-3530. [PMID: 28501430 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We report the kinetic properties and sulfonamide inhibition profile of an α-carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1), named CruCA4, identified in the red coral Corallium rubrum. This isoform is involved in the biomineralization process leading to the formation of a calcium carbonate skeleton. Experiments performed on the recombinant protein show that the enzyme has a "moderate activity" level. Our results are discussed compared to values obtained for other CA isoforms involved in biomineralization. This is the first study describing the biochemical characterization of an octocoral CA.
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