1
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Volpi G, Laurenti E, Rabezzana R. Imidazopyridine Family: Versatile and Promising Heterocyclic Skeletons for Different Applications. Molecules 2024; 29:2668. [PMID: 38893542 PMCID: PMC11173518 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been increasing attention focused on various products belonging to the imidazopyridine family; this class of heterocyclic compounds shows unique chemical structure, versatile optical properties, and diverse biological attributes. The broad family of imidazopyridines encompasses different heterocycles, each with its own specific properties and distinct characteristics, making all of them promising for various application fields. In general, this useful category of aromatic heterocycles holds significant promise across various research domains, spanning from material science to pharmaceuticals. The various cores belonging to the imidazopyridine family exhibit unique properties, such as serving as emitters in imaging, ligands for transition metals, showing reversible electrochemical properties, and demonstrating biological activity. Recently, numerous noteworthy advancements have emerged in different technological fields, including optoelectronic devices, sensors, energy conversion, medical applications, and shining emitters for imaging and microscopy. This review intends to provide a state-of-the-art overview of this framework from 1955 to the present day, unveiling different aspects of various applications. This extensive literature survey may guide chemists and researchers in the quest for novel imidazopyridine compounds with enhanced properties and efficiency in different uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Volpi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; (E.L.)
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2
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Chen Y, Zhang C, Wang K, Li M, Tang H, Cheng W, Yin J, Yi W. Cu(I)-Catalyzed Three-Component Annulation for the Synthesis of 3-Acyl Imidazo[1, 5- a]Pyridines from 2-Pyridinyl-Substituted p-Quinone Methides, Terminal Alkynes, and TsN 3 Using O 2 as the Oxygen Source. J Org Chem 2024; 89:5423-5433. [PMID: 38557074 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Currently, most conventional methods to achieve imidazo[1,5-a]pyridines have limitations for the synthesis of 3-acyl imidazo[1,5-a]pyridines. Herein, a novel and efficient Cu(I)-catalyzed three-component annulation method for the synthesis of valuable 3-acyl imidazo[1,5-a]pyridines by the reaction of 2-pyridinyl-substituted p-QMs, terminal alkynes, and TsN3 in the presence of O2 under mild conditions have successfully been developed. The investigation indicated that molecular oxygen (O2) and TsN3, respectively, serving as oxygen and nitrogen sources, were essential for the successful completion of the reaction system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China
| | - Chuanhao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Kunpeng Wang
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China
| | - Mengfan Li
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China
| | - Hao Tang
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China
| | - Wen Cheng
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yin
- Shanghai No.4 Reagent Chemical Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201512, P. R. China
| | - Weiyin Yi
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China
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3
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Yu YC, Tong ZJ, Liang XT, Wu JZ, Xu YJ, Wang JJ, Zhang MY, Wei TH, Yang J, Wang YB, Wang QX, Li QQ, Wang Z, Leng X, Ding N, Xue X, Sun SL, Li NG, Wang XL. Discovery of RORγ Allosteric Fluorescent Probes and Their Application: Fluorescence Polarization, Screening, and Bioimaging. J Med Chem 2024; 67:4194-4224. [PMID: 38442261 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γ (RORγ) acts as a crucial transcription factor in Th17 cells and is involved in diverse autoimmune disorders. RORγ allosteric inhibitors have gained significant research focus as a novel strategy to inhibit RORγ transcriptional activity. Leveraging the high affinity and selectivity of RORγ allosteric inhibitor MRL-871 (1), this study presents the design, synthesis, and characterization of 11 allosteric fluorescent probes. Utilizing the preferred probe 12h, we established an efficient and cost-effective fluorescence polarization-based affinity assay for screening RORγ allosteric binders. By employing virtual screening in conjunction with this assay, 10 novel RORγ allosteric inhibitors were identified. The initial SAR studies focusing on the hit compound G381-0087 are also presented. The encouraging outcomes indicate that probe 12h possesses the potential to function as a powerful tool in facilitating the exploration of RORγ allosteric inhibitors and furthering understanding of RORγ function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Cheng Yu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Zhen-Jiang Tong
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Liang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Jia-Zhen Wu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yu-Jing Xu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Jing-Jing Wang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Meng-Yuan Zhang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Tian-Hua Wei
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Jin Yang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yi-Bo Wang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Qing-Xin Wang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Qing-Qing Li
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - XueJiao Leng
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Ning Ding
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Xin Xue
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Shan-Liang Sun
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Nian-Guang Li
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Xiao-Long Wang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
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4
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Peng J, Li S, Huang J, Meng Q, Wang L, Xin W, Li W, Zhou W, Zhang L. Construction of Imidazole-Fused-Ring Systems by Iron-Catalyzed C(sp 3)-H Amination-Cyclization under Aerobic Conditions. J Org Chem 2023; 88:16581-16588. [PMID: 37976463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
An iron-catalyzed efficient C-H amination for the construction of imidazole-fused-ring systems was developed under aerobic conditions. Compared to previous studies, this work exhibited green features. The reaction was conducted in the green solvent anisole, with water as the only byproduct. Four C(sp3)-H bonds were cleaved and three C-N bonds were formed in this transformation. Imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-, imidazo[5,1-b]oxazole-, imidazo[5,1-b]thiazole-, imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-, and imidazo[1,5-a]imidazole-related N-heterocycles were obtained in acceptable-to-excellent yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangling Peng
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Shijia Li
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Junwei Huang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Qianli Meng
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Wenlong Xin
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Weini Li
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California91010, United States
| | - Wei Zhou
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Lanyue Zhang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
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5
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Lu L, Sun N, Wang Y. Development and therapeutic potential of allosteric retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) inverse agonists for autoimmune diseases. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 258:115574. [PMID: 37336069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) is an attractive drug target for some autoimmune diseases owing to its roles in the differentiation of human T helper 17 (Th17) cells which produce pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-17. RORγt agonists and inverse agonists are classically targeted to the hydrophobic and highly conserved orthosteric binding pocket of RORγt ligand binding domain (LBD). Although successful, this approach also brings some challenges, including off-target effects due to lack of selectivity over other nuclear receptors (NRs). Allosteric regulation of RORγt by synthetic small molecules has recently emerged as novel research interests for its interesting modes of action (MOA), satisfying bioactivity profile and improved selectivity. In this review, we delineated the discovery and identification of the allosteric pocket of RORγt. Subsequently, we focused on examples of small molecules that allosterically inhibit RORγt, with a central attention on structural-activity-relationship (SAR) information, biological activity, pharmacokinetic (PK) property, and the ligand binding mode of these compounds. We also discussed the potential role of RORγt allosteric inverse agonists as small molecule therapeutics for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixue Lu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Nannan Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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6
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Fouda A, Negi S, Zaremba O, Gaidar RS, Moroz YS, Rusanov E, Paraskevas S, Tchervenkov J. Discovery, Synthesis, and In Vitro Characterization of 2,3 Derivatives of 4,5,6,7-Tetrahydro-Benzothiophene as Potent Modulators of Retinoic Acid Receptor-Related Orphan Receptor γt. J Med Chem 2023; 66:7355-7373. [PMID: 37172324 PMCID: PMC10259452 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) is a nuclear receptor that is expressed in a variety of tissues and is a potential drug target for the treatment of inflammatory and auto-immune diseases, metabolic diseases, and resistant cancer types. We herein report the discovery of 2,3 derivatives of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzothiophene modulators of RORγt. We also report the solubility in acidic/neutral pH, mouse/human/dog/rat microsomal stability, Caco-2, and MDR1-MDCKII permeabilities of a set of these derivatives. For this group of modulators, inverse agonism by steric clashes and push-pull mechanisms induce greater instability to protein conformation compared to agonist lock hydration. Independent of the two mechanisms, we observed a basal modulatory activity of the tested 2,3 derivatives of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzothiophene toward RORγt due to the interactions with the Cys320-Glu326 and Arg364-Phe377 hydrophilic regions. The drug discovery approach reported in the current study can be employed to discover modulators of nuclear receptors and other globular protein targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Fouda
- Department
of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1A4, Canada
- Research
Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec H3H 2R9, Canada
| | - Sarita Negi
- Research
Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec H3H 2R9, Canada
| | | | | | - Yurii S. Moroz
- Chemspace
LLC, Kyïv 02094, Ukraine
- Taras
Shevchenko National University of Kyïv, Kyïv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Eduard Rusanov
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of
Sciences of Ukraine, Kyïv 02094, Ukraine
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Steven Paraskevas
- Department
of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1A4, Canada
- Research
Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec H3H 2R9, Canada
- Department
of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1A4, Canada
- McGill
University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Jean Tchervenkov
- Department
of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1A4, Canada
- Research
Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec H3H 2R9, Canada
- Department
of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1A4, Canada
- McGill
University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec H4A 3J1, Canada
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7
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Phuc BV, Nguyen NT, Van NTH, Nguyen TL, Nguyen VH, Tran CM, Nguyen H, Nguyen MT, Hung TQ, Dang TT. Facile iodine-promoted synthesis of bis(1-imidazo[1,5- a]pyridyl)arylmethanes and exploration of applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1947-1950. [PMID: 36637415 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05419a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A practical strategy for the iodine-promoted synthesis of bis(1-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridyl)arylmethane and its derivatives has been developed. These compounds exhibit high cytotoxicity toward various cancer cell lines and moreover they are promising ligands for the Cu-catalysed synthesis of quinolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ban Van Phuc
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Nina Thi Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU-Hanoi University of Science, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Nguyen Thi Hong Van
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU-Hanoi University of Science, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Thanh Luan Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU-Hanoi University of Science, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Van Ha Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU-Hanoi University of Science, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Cong Minh Tran
- Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi National University of Education, 136 Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hien Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi National University of Education, 136 Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Minh Tho Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven B-3001, Belgium
| | - Tran Quang Hung
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam. .,Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tuan Thanh Dang
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU-Hanoi University of Science, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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8
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Chaudhran PA, Sharma A. Progress in the Development of Imidazopyridine-Based Fluorescent Probes for Diverse Applications. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022:1-18. [PMID: 36562726 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2158720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Different classes of Imidazopyridine i.e., Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine, Imidazo[1,5-a] pyridine, Imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, have shown versatile applications in various fields. In this review, we have concisely presented the usefulness of the fluorescent property of imidazopyridine in different fields such as imaging tools, optoelectronics, metal ion detection, etc. Fluorescence mechanisms such as excited state intramolecular proton transfer, photoinduced electron transfer, fluorescence resonance energy transfer, intramolecular charge transfer, etc. are incorporated in the designed fluorophore to make it for fluorescent applications. It has been widely employed for metal ion detection, where selective metal ion detection is possible with triazole-attached imidazopyridine, β-carboline imidazopyridine hybrid, quinoline conjugated imidazopyridine, and many more. Also, other popular applications involve organic light emitting diodes and cell imaging. This review shed a light on recent development in this area especially focusing on the optical properties of the molecules with their usage which would be helpful in designing application-based new imidazopyridine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti AshokKumar Chaudhran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abha Sharma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Noh SG, Jung HJ, Kim S, Arulkumar R, Kim DH, Park D, Chung HY. Regulation of Circadian Genes Nr1d1 and Nr1d2 in Sex-Different Manners during Liver Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710032. [PMID: 36077427 PMCID: PMC9456386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Circadian rhythm is associated with the aging process and sex differences; however, how age and sex can change circadian regulation systems remains unclear. Thus, we aimed to evaluate age- and sex-related changes in gene expression and identify sex-specific target molecules that can regulate aging. Methods: Rat livers were categorized into four groups, namely, young male, old male, young female, and old female, and the expression of several genes involved in the regulation of the circadian rhythm was confirmed by in silico and in vitro studies. Results: Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses showed that the expression of genes related to circadian rhythms changed more in males than in females during liver aging. In addition, differentially expressed gene analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction/western blotting analysis revealed that Nr1d1 and Nr1d2 expression was upregulated in males during liver aging. Furthermore, the expression of other circadian genes, such as Arntl, Clock, Cry1/2, Per1/2, and Rora/c, decreased in males during liver aging; however, these genes showed various gene expression patterns in females during liver aging. Conclusions: Age-related elevation of Nr1d1/2 downregulates the expression of other circadian genes in males, but not females, during liver aging. Consequently, age-related upregulation of Nr1d1/2 may play a more crucial role in the change in circadian rhythms in males than in females during liver aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Gyun Noh
- Interdisciplinary Research Program of Bioinformatics and Longevity Science, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Seungwoo Kim
- Interdisciplinary Research Program of Bioinformatics and Longevity Science, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Radha Arulkumar
- Interdisciplinary Research Program of Bioinformatics and Longevity Science, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Dae Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Daeui Park
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Interdisciplinary Research Program of Bioinformatics and Longevity Science, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-510-2814
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10
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Indazole MRL-871 interacts with PPARγ via a binding mode that induces partial agonism. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 68:116877. [PMID: 35714534 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) plays a central role in metabolic processes. PPARγ full agonists have side effects, arguing for the discovery of PPARγ partial agonists with novel chemotypes. We report the unique binding mode of the known allosteric retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) ligand MRL-871 to PPARγ. MRL-871 binds between PPARγ helices 3, 5, 7 and 11, where it stabilizes the beta-sheet region with a hydrogen bond between its carboxylic acid moiety and PPARγ Ser370. Its unique binding mode differs from that of the benzoyl 2-methyl indoles which are well-studied, structurally similar, PPARγ ligands. MRL-871's high affinity for PPARγ induces only limited coactivator stabilization, highlighting its attractive partial agonistic characteristics. Affinity comparison of MRL-871 and related compounds towards both RORγt and PPARγ indicates the possibility for tuning of selectivity, bringing MRL-871 forward as an interesting starting point for novel PPARγ ligands.
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11
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Srilaxmi D, Reddy AG, Sireesha R, Rao PV, Kiran MR, Kolli D, Rao MVB. Design and Synthesis of Different Aryl Substituted 1,3,4-Oxadiazole-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine Derivatives as Anticancer Agents. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s107036322205019x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Zeng K, Ye J, Meng X, Dechert S, Simon M, Gong S, Mata RA, Zhang K. Anomeric Stereoauxiliary Cleavage of the C−N Bond of
d
‐Glucosamine for the Preparation of Imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridines. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200648. [PMID: 35319128 PMCID: PMC9325398 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The targeted cleavage of the C−N bonds of alkyl primary amines in sustainable compounds of biomass according to a metal‐free pathway and the conjunction of nitrogen in the synthesis of imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridines are still highly challenging. Despite tremendous progress in the synthesis of imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridines over the past decade, many of them can still not be efficiently prepared. Herein, we report an anomeric stereoauxiliary approach for the synthesis of a wide range of imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridines after cleaving the C−N bond of d‐glucosamine (α‐2° amine) from biobased resources. This new approach expands the scope of readily accessible imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridines relative to existing state‐of‐the‐art methods. A key strategic advantage of this approach is that the α‐anomer of d‐glucosamine enables C−N bond cleavage via a seven‐membered ring transition state. By using this novel method, a series of imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridine derivatives (>80 examples) was synthesized from pyridine ketones (including para‐dipyridine ketone) and aldehydes (including para‐dialdehyde). Imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridine derivatives containing diverse important deuterated C(sp2)−H and C(sp3)−H bonds were also efficiently achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Zeng
- Sustainable Materials and Chemistry Georg-August-University of Göttingen Büsgenweg 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Jin Ye
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Georg-August-University of Göttingen Tammannstraße 6 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Xintong Meng
- Sustainable Materials and Chemistry Georg-August-University of Göttingen Büsgenweg 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Sebastian Dechert
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Georg-August-University of Göttingen Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Martin Simon
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Georg-August-University of Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Shuaiyu Gong
- Sustainable Materials and Chemistry Georg-August-University of Göttingen Büsgenweg 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Ricardo A. Mata
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Georg-August-University of Göttingen Tammannstraße 6 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Kai Zhang
- Sustainable Materials and Chemistry Georg-August-University of Göttingen Büsgenweg 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
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13
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Volpi G. Luminescent imidazo[1,5‐a] pyridine scaffold: synthetic heterocyclization strategies overview and promising applications. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Volpi
- University of Turin: Universita degli Studi di Torino Chemistry ITALY
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14
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Priola E, Conterosito E, Giordana A, Volpi G, Garino C, Andreo L, Diana E, Barolo C, Milanesio M. Polymorphism and solid state peculiarities in imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine core deriving compounds: An analysis of energetic and structural driving forces. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Wang Q, Yao X, Xu XJ, Zhang S, Ren L. Electrochemical [4 + 1] Tandem sp 3(C-H) Double Amination for the Direct Synthesis of 3-Acyl-Functionalized Imidazo[1,5- a]pyridines. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:4305-4310. [PMID: 35155923 PMCID: PMC8829863 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
3-Acyl imidazo[1,5-a]pyridines, featured pharmaceutical moieties that were prepared by a three-step reaction conventionally, could be obtained in one step by an electrochemical tandem sp3 (C-H) double amination of acetophenones with pyridine ethylamines using ammonium iodide as a redox mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Research
Center For Biomedical And Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, P. R. China
| | - Xia Yao
- Research
Center For Biomedical And Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, P. R. China
| | - Xian-jing Xu
- Research
Center For Biomedical And Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Nanjing
Harris Bio-Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Lei Ren
- Department
of Material and Chemical Engineering, Bengbu
University, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P. R. China
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16
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Li Z, Liu T, He X, Bai C. The evolution paths of some reprehensive scaffolds of RORγt modulators, a perspective from medicinal chemistry. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 228:113962. [PMID: 34776280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ligand binding domain (LBD) of retinoid-related orphan nuclear receptor γt (RORγt) has been exploited as a promising target for the new small molecule therapeutics to cure autoimmune diseases via modulating the IL-17 and IL-22 production by Th17 cells. Diverse chemical scaffolds of these small molecules have been discovered by multiple groups with methods such as high throughput screening (HTS) and virtual screening. These different scaffolds are further developed by medicinal chemists to afford lead compounds the best of which enter clinical trials. In this review, we summarize these chemical scaffolds and their evolution paths according to the groups in which they have been discovered or studied. We combine the data of the chemistry, biological assays and structural biology of each chemical scaffold, in order to afford insight to develop new RORγt modulators with higher potency, less toxicity and elucidated working mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuohao Li
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Xixin He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuan Bai
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
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17
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Gege C. Retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) inverse agonists/antagonists for the treatment of inflammatory diseases - where are we presently? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2021; 16:1517-1535. [PMID: 34192992 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1948833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The transcription factor retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) has been identified as the master regulator of TH17 cell differentiation and IL-17/22 production and is therefore an attractive target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Several orally or topically administered small molecule RORγt inverse agonists (RIAs) have progressed up to the end of clinical Phase 2.Areas covered: Based on publications and patent evaluations this review summarizes the evolution of the chemical matter for all 16 pharmaceutical companies, who develop(ed) a clinical-stage RIAs (until March 2021). Structure proposals for some clinical stage RIAs are presented and the outcome of the clinical trials is discussed.Expert opinion: So far, the clinical trials have been plagued with a high attrition rate. Main reasons were lack of efficacy (topical) or safety signals (oral) as well as, amongst other things, thymic lymphomas as seen with BMS-986251 in a preclinical study and liver enzyme elevations in humans with VTP-43742. Possibilities to mitigate these risks could be the use of RIAs with different chemical structures not interfering with thymocytes maturation and no livertox-inducing properties. With new frontrunners (e.g., ABBV-157 (cedirogant), BI 730357 or IMU-935) this is still an exciting time for this treatment approach.
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18
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Abstract
RORγt is a nuclear receptor associated with several diseases. Various synthetic ligands have been developed that target the canonical orthosteric or a second, allosteric pocket of RORγt. We show that orthosteric and allosteric ligands can simultaneously bind to RORγt and that their potency is positively influenced by the other ligand, a phenomenon called cooperative dual ligand binding. The mechanism behind cooperative binding in proteins is poorly understood, primarily due to the lack of structural data. We solved 12 crystal structures of RORγt, simultaneously bound to various orthosteric and allosteric ligands. In combination with molecular dynamics, we reveal a mechanism responsible for the cooperative binding behavior. Our comprehensive structural studies provide unique insights into how cooperative binding occurs in proteins. Cooperative ligand binding is an important phenomenon in biological systems where ligand binding influences the binding of another ligand at an alternative site of the protein via an intramolecular network of interactions. The underlying mechanisms behind cooperative binding remain poorly understood, primarily due to the lack of structural data of these ternary complexes. Using time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) studies, we show that cooperative ligand binding occurs for RORγt, a nuclear receptor associated with the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. To provide the crucial structural insights, we solved 12 crystal structures of RORγt simultaneously bound to various orthosteric and allosteric ligands. The presence of the orthosteric ligand induces a clamping motion of the allosteric pocket via helices 4 to 5. Additional molecular dynamics simulations revealed the unusual mechanism behind this clamping motion, with Ala355 shifting between helix 4 and 5. The orthosteric RORγt agonists regulate the conformation of Ala355, thereby stabilizing the conformation of the allosteric pocket and cooperatively enhancing the affinity of the allosteric inverse agonists.
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19
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Mennie KM, Reutershan MH, White C, Adams B, Becker B, Deng J, Katz JD, LaBlue E, Margrey K, Saurí J. Divergent and Regioselective Synthesis of Pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyridines and Imidazo[1,5- a]pyridines. Org Lett 2021; 23:4694-4698. [PMID: 34037404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogenous heterocycles are ubiquitous in pharmaceuticals and drug-like compounds; however, regioselective synthesis has proved challenging. Herein we report our efforts to develop a regioselective method for the synthesis of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridines and the serendipitous discovery of a protocol for the regioselective formation of imidazo[1,5-a]pyridines. Together, these transformations allow for the rapid and selective formation of two important heterocyclic motifs from a common intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Catherine White
- Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Bruce Adams
- Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Bridget Becker
- Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - James Deng
- Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jason D Katz
- Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | | | - Kaila Margrey
- Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Josep Saurí
- Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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20
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Meijer FA, Saris AOWM, Doveston RG, Oerlemans GJM, de Vries RMJM, Somsen BA, Unger A, Klebl B, Ottmann C, Cossar PJ, Brunsveld L. Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of Trisubstituted Isoxazoles as Selective Allosteric Ligands for the Retinoic-Acid-Receptor-Related Orphan Receptor γt. J Med Chem 2021; 64:9238-9258. [PMID: 34008974 PMCID: PMC8273893 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The inhibition of
the nuclear receptor retinoic-acid-receptor-related
orphan receptor γt (RORγt) is a promising strategy in
the treatment of autoimmune diseases. RORγt features an allosteric
binding site within its ligand-binding domain that provides an opportunity
to overcome drawbacks associated with orthosteric modulators. Recently,
trisubstituted isoxazoles were identified as a novel class of allosteric
RORγt inverse agonists. This chemotype offers new opportunities
for optimization into selective and efficacious allosteric drug-like
molecules. Here, we explore the structure–activity relationship
profile of the isoxazole series utilizing a combination of structure-based
design, X-ray crystallography, and biochemical assays. The initial
lead isoxazole (FM26) was optimized, resulting in compounds
with a ∼10-fold increase in potency (low nM), significant cellular
activity, promising pharmacokinetic properties, and a good selectivity
profile over the peroxisome-proliferated-activated receptor γ
and the farnesoid X receptor. We envisage that this work will serve
as a platform for the accelerated development of isoxazoles and other
novel chemotypes for the effective allosteric targeting of RORγt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke A Meijer
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Annet O W M Saris
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Richard G Doveston
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology and School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, LE1 7RH Leicester, U.K
| | - Guido J M Oerlemans
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rens M J M de Vries
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Bente A Somsen
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anke Unger
- Lead Discovery Center GmbH, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Bert Klebl
- Lead Discovery Center GmbH, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christian Ottmann
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J Cossar
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Luc Brunsveld
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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21
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Meng ZY, Feng CT, Zhang L, Yang Q, Chen DX, Xu K. Regioselective C–H Phosphorothiolation of (Hetero)arenes Enabled by the Synergy of Electrooxidation and Ultrasonic Irradiation. Org Lett 2021; 23:4214-4218. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Yin Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Cheng-Tao Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Qing Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - De-Xiang Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Kun Xu
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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22
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Meijer FA, van den Oetelaar MCM, Doveston RG, Sampers ENR, Brunsveld L. Covalent Occlusion of the RORγt Ligand Binding Pocket Allows Unambiguous Targeting of an Allosteric Site. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:631-639. [PMID: 33854703 PMCID: PMC8040040 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptor RORγt is a key positive regulator in the differentiation and proliferation of T helper 17 (Th17) cells and the production of proinflammatory cytokines like IL-17a. Dysregulation of this pathway can result in the development of various autoimmune diseases, and inhibition of RORγt with small molecules thus holds great potential as a therapeutic strategy. RORγt has a unique allosteric ligand binding site in the ligand binding domain, which is distinct from the canonical, orthosteric binding site. Allosteric modulation of RORγt shows high potential, but the targeted discovery of novel allosteric ligands is highly challenging via currently available methods. Here, we introduce covalent, orthosteric chemical probes for RORγt that occlude the binding of canonical, orthosteric ligands but still allow allosteric ligand binding. Ultimately, these probes could be used to underpin screening approaches for the unambiguous and rapid identification of novel allosteric RORγt ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke A. Meijer
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Maxime C. M. van den Oetelaar
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Richard G. Doveston
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology and School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Ella N. R. Sampers
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Luc Brunsveld
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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23
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Meijer FA, Oerlemans GJ, Brunsveld L. Orthosteric and Allosteric Dual Targeting of the Nuclear Receptor RORγt with a Bitopic Ligand. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:510-519. [PMID: 33596047 PMCID: PMC8023582 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The RORγt nuclear
receptor (NR) is of critical importance
for the differentiation and proliferation of T helper 17 (Th17) cells
and their production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-17a. Dysregulation
of RORγt has been linked to various autoimmune diseases, and
small molecule inhibition of RORγt is therefore an attractive
strategy to treat these diseases. RORγt is a unique NR in that
it contains both a canonical, orthosteric and a second, allosteric
ligand binding site in its ligand binding domain (LBD). Hence, dual
targeting of both binding pockets constitutes an attractive alternative
molecular entry for pharmacological modulation. Here, we report a
chemical biology approach to develop a bitopic ligand for the RORγt
NR, enabling concomitant engagement of both binding pockets. Three
candidate bitopic ligands, Bit-L15, Bit-L9, and Bit-L4, comprising an orthosteric and allosteric
RORγt pharmacophore linked via a polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker,
were designed, synthesized, and evaluated to examine the influence
of linker length on the RORγt binding mode. Bit-L15 and Bit-L9 show convincing evidence of concomitant
engagement of both RORγt binding pockets, while the shorter Bit-L4 does not show this evidence, as was anticipated during
the ligand design. As the most potent bitopic RORγt ligand, Bit-L15, antagonizes RORγt function in a potent manner
in both a biochemical and cellular context. Furthermore, Bit-L15 displays an increased selectivity for RORγt over RORα
and PPARγ compared to the purely orthosteric and allosteric
parent compounds. Combined, these results highlight potential advantages
of bitopic NR modulation over monovalent targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke A. Meijer
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Guido J.M. Oerlemans
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Luc Brunsveld
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
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24
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Volpi G, Rabezzana R. Imidazo[1,5- a]pyridine derivatives: useful, luminescent and versatile scaffolds for different applications. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00322d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the last few years, imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine nuclei and derivatives have attracted growing attention due to their unique chemical structure and versatility, optical behaviours, and biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Volpi
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Turin
- 7 - 10125 Turin
- Italy
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25
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Han B, Salituro FG, Blanco MJ. Impact of Allosteric Modulation in Drug Discovery: Innovation in Emerging Chemical Modalities. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:1810-1819. [PMID: 33062158 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen an unprecedented level of innovation in allosteric drug discovery and development, with multiple drug candidates advancing into clinical studies. From early examples of allosteric drugs like GABAA receptor modulators (benzodiazepines) in the 1960s to more recent GPCR negative allosteric modulators of CCR5 (maraviroc) approved in 2007, the opportunities for interrogating allosteric sites in drug discovery have expanded to other target classes such as protein-protein interactions, kinases, and nuclear hormone receptors. In this Innovation Letter, the authors highlight the latest advances of allosteric drug discovery from different target classes and novel emerging chemical modalities beyond small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingsong Han
- Medicinal Chemistry. Sage Therapeutics, Inc., 215 First Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Francesco G. Salituro
- Medicinal Chemistry. Sage Therapeutics, Inc., 215 First Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Maria-Jesus Blanco
- Medicinal Chemistry. Sage Therapeutics, Inc., 215 First Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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26
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Kulkarni MR, Lad NP, Patil SM, Gaikwad ND. Thionyl chloride‐mediated synthesis of 2‐azaindolizine sulfur‐bridged dimers by CH bond direct chalcogenation of imidazo[1,5‐
a
]pyridines. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201900516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh R. Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry Organic Chemistry Research Centre, K.R.T. Arts, B.H. Commerce and A.M. Science College Nashik India
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Piramal Enterprises Ltd. Mumbai India
| | - Nitin P. Lad
- Department of Chemistry Organic Chemistry Research Centre, K.R.T. Arts, B.H. Commerce and A.M. Science College Nashik India
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Piramal Enterprises Ltd. Mumbai India
| | | | - Nitin D. Gaikwad
- Department of Chemistry Organic Chemistry Research Centre, K.R.T. Arts, B.H. Commerce and A.M. Science College Nashik India
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27
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Volpi G, Priola E, Garino C, Daolio A, Rabezzana R, Benzi P, Giordana A, Diana E, Gobetto R. Blue fluorescent zinc(II) complexes based on tunable imidazo[1,5-a]pyridines. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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28
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Leijten-van de Gevel IA, Brunsveld L. Delineation of the molecular determinants of the unique allosteric binding site of the orphan nuclear receptor RORγt. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:9183-9191. [PMID: 32439807 PMCID: PMC7335795 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) are high-interest targets in drug discovery because of their involvement in numerous biological processes and diseases. Classically, NRs are targeted via their hydrophobic, orthosteric pocket. Although successful, this approach comes with challenges, including off-target effects due to lack of selectivity. Allosteric modulation of NR activity constitutes a promising pharmacological strategy. The retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor-γt (RORγt) is a constitutively active NR that positively regulates the expression of interleukin-17 in T helper 17 cells. Inhibiting this process is an emerging strategy for managing autoimmune diseases. Recently, an allosteric binding pocket in the C-terminal region of the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of RORγt was discovered that is amenable to small-molecule drug discovery. Compounds binding this pocket induce a reorientation of helix 12, thereby preventing coactivator recruitment. Therefore, inverse agonists binding this site with high affinity are actively being pursued. To elucidate the pocket formation mechanism, verify the uniqueness of this pocket, and substantiate the relevance of targeting this site, here we identified the key characteristics of the RORγt allosteric region. We evaluated the effects of substitutions in the LBD on coactivator, orthosteric, and allosteric ligand binding. We found that two molecular elements unique to RORγt, the length of helix 11' and a Gln-487 residue, are crucial for the formation of the allosteric pocket. The unique combination of elements present in RORγt suggests a high potential for subtype-selective targeting of this NR to more effectively treat patients with autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris A Leijten-van de Gevel
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Luc Brunsveld
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
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Ramírez-Gómez A, Gutiérrez-Hernández AI, Alvarado-Castillo MA, Toscano RA, Ortega-Alfaro MC, López-Cortés JG. Selenoamides as powerful scaffold to build imidazo[1,5-a]pyridines using a grinding protocol. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Yagishita F, Nagamori T, Shimokawa S, Hoshi K, Yoshida Y, Imada Y, Kawamura Y. Visible-light-induced oxidative coupling reaction of benzylic amines using iridium(III) complex of pincer type imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine ligand. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.151782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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31
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Zhang H, Lapointe BT, Anthony N, Azevedo R, Cals J, Correll CC, Daniels M, Deshmukh S, van Eenenaam H, Ferguson H, Hegde LG, Karstens WJ, Maclean J, Miller JR, Moy LY, Simov V, Nagpal S, Oubrie A, Palte RL, Parthasarathy G, Sciammetta N, van der Stelt M, Woodhouse JD, Trotter BW, Barr K. Discovery of N-(Indazol-3-yl)piperidine-4-carboxylic Acids as RORγt Allosteric Inhibitors for Autoimmune Diseases. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:114-119. [PMID: 32071676 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical success of anti-IL-17 monoclonal antibodies (i.e., Cosentyx and Taltz) has validated Th17 pathway modulation for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. The nuclear hormone receptor RORγt is a master regulator of Th17 cells and affects the production of a host of cytokines, including IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22, IL-26, and GM-CSF. Substantial interest has been spurred across both academia and industry to seek small molecules suitable for RORγt inhibition. A variety of RORγt inhibitors have been reported in the past few years, the majority of which are orthosteric binders. Here we disclose the discovery and optimization of a class of inhibitors, which bind differently to an allosteric binding pocket. Starting from a weakly active hit 1, a tool compound 14 was quickly identified that demonstrated superior potency, selectivity, and off-target profile. Further optimization focused on improving metabolic stability. Replacing the benzoic acid moiety with piperidinyl carboxylate, modifying the 4-aza-indazole core in 14 to 4-F-indazole, and incorporating a key hydroxyl group led to the discovery of 25, which possesses exquisite potency and selectivity, as well as an improved pharmacokinetic profile suitable for oral dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gopal Parthasarathy
- Computational and Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
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32
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Pinzi L, Rastelli G. Identification of Target Associations for Polypharmacology from Analysis of Crystallographic Ligands of the Protein Data Bank. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 60:372-390. [PMID: 31800237 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The design of a chemical entity that potently and selectively binds to a biological target of therapeutic relevance has dominated the scene of drug discovery so far. However, recent findings suggest that multitarget ligands may be endowed with superior efficacy and be less prone to drug resistance. The Protein Data Bank (PDB) provides experimentally validated structural information about targets and bound ligands. Therefore, it represents a valuable source of information to help identifying active sites, understanding pharmacophore requirements, designing novel ligands, and inferring structure-activity relationships. In this study, we performed a large-scale analysis of the PDB by integrating different ligand-based and structure-based approaches, with the aim of identifying promising target associations for polypharmacology based on reported crystal structure information. First, the 2D and 3D similarity profiles of the crystallographic ligands were evaluated using different ligand-based methods. Then, activity data of pairs of similar ligands binding to different targets were inspected by comparing structural information with bioactivity annotations reported in the ChEMBL, BindingDB, BindingMOAD, and PDBbind databases. Afterward, extensive docking screenings of ligands in the identified cross-targets were made in order to validate and refine the ligand-based results. Finally, the therapeutic relevance of the identified target combinations for polypharmacology was evaluated from comparison with information on therapeutic targets reported in the Therapeutic Target Database (TTD). The results led to the identification of several target associations with high therapeutic potential for polypharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pinzi
- Department of Life Sciences , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Via Giuseppe Campi 103 , 41125 Modena , Italy
| | - Giulio Rastelli
- Department of Life Sciences , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Via Giuseppe Campi 103 , 41125 Modena , Italy
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33
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Dascălu A, Bîcu E, Shova S, Lipka E, Rigo B, Billamboz M, Ghinet A. Insights on the Chemical Behavior of Ethyl Cyanoformate: Dipolarophile, Cyano or Ethoxycarbonyl Source. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201903114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anca‐Elena Dascălu
- Inserm U995, LIRICUniversité de Lille, CHRU de Lille, Faculté de médecine – Pôle recherche, Place Verdun F-59045 Lille Cedex France
- Hautes Etudes d'Ingénieur (HEI)Yncréa Hauts-de-France, UCLilleLaboratoire de Pharmacochimie, 13 rue de Toul F-59046 Lille France
- ‘Al. I. Cuza' University of IasiFaculty of Chemistry, Bd. Carol I, nr. 11 700506 Iasi Romania
| | - Elena Bîcu
- ‘Al. I. Cuza' University of IasiFaculty of Chemistry, Bd. Carol I, nr. 11 700506 Iasi Romania
| | - Segiu Shova
- ‘Petru Poni' Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41 A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley 700487 Iasi Romania
| | - Emmanuelle Lipka
- Inserm U995, LIRICUniversité de Lille, CHRU de Lille, Faculté de médecine – Pôle recherche, Place Verdun F-59045 Lille Cedex France
- Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques de Lille F-59006 Lille Cedex France
| | - Benoît Rigo
- Inserm U995, LIRICUniversité de Lille, CHRU de Lille, Faculté de médecine – Pôle recherche, Place Verdun F-59045 Lille Cedex France
- Hautes Etudes d'Ingénieur (HEI)Yncréa Hauts-de-France, UCLilleLaboratoire de Pharmacochimie, 13 rue de Toul F-59046 Lille France
| | - Muriel Billamboz
- Inserm U995, LIRICUniversité de Lille, CHRU de Lille, Faculté de médecine – Pôle recherche, Place Verdun F-59045 Lille Cedex France
- Hautes Etudes d'Ingénieur (HEI)Yncréa Hauts-de-France, UCLilleLaboratoire de Pharmacochimie, 13 rue de Toul F-59046 Lille France
| | - Alina Ghinet
- Inserm U995, LIRICUniversité de Lille, CHRU de Lille, Faculté de médecine – Pôle recherche, Place Verdun F-59045 Lille Cedex France
- Hautes Etudes d'Ingénieur (HEI)Yncréa Hauts-de-France, UCLilleLaboratoire de Pharmacochimie, 13 rue de Toul F-59046 Lille France
- ‘Al. I. Cuza' University of IasiFaculty of Chemistry, Bd. Carol I, nr. 11 700506 Iasi Romania
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Shaikh NS, Iyer JP, Munot YS, Mukhopadhyay PP, Raje AA, Nagaraj R, Jamdar V, Gavhane R, Lohote M, Sherkar P, Bala M, Petla R, Meru A, Umrani D, Rouduri S, Joshi S, Reddy S, Kandikere V, Bhuniya D, Kulkarni B, Mookhtiar KA. Discovery and pharmacological evaluation of indole derivatives as potent and selective RORγt inverse agonist for multiple autoimmune conditions. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:2208-2217. [PMID: 31272795 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Targeting nuclear receptor RORγ is recognized to be beneficial in multiple autoimmune disorders. We disclosed new indole analogues as potent RORγ inverse agonists. RO-2 as one of the potent and orally bioavailable compounds was evaluated in various models of autoimmune disorder. It showed potent suppression of downstream markers of RORγt activity in murine and human primary cells, ex vivo PD assay and in multiple animal models of autoimmune diseases. The results indicate the potential of these indole analogues as orally bioavailable small molecule inverse agonists of RORγt, efficacious in various Th17 driven models of autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadim S Shaikh
- Drug Discovery Facility - Pune, Advinus Therapeutics Limited, Head Office: Block No. 21 & 22, Phase II, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore 560058, India.
| | - Jitesh P Iyer
- Drug Discovery Facility - Pune, Advinus Therapeutics Limited, Head Office: Block No. 21 & 22, Phase II, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore 560058, India
| | - Yogesh S Munot
- Drug Discovery Facility - Pune, Advinus Therapeutics Limited, Head Office: Block No. 21 & 22, Phase II, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore 560058, India
| | - Partha P Mukhopadhyay
- Drug Discovery Facility - Pune, Advinus Therapeutics Limited, Head Office: Block No. 21 & 22, Phase II, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore 560058, India
| | - Amol A Raje
- Drug Discovery Facility - Pune, Advinus Therapeutics Limited, Head Office: Block No. 21 & 22, Phase II, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore 560058, India
| | - Ranganayaki Nagaraj
- Drug Discovery Facility - Pune, Advinus Therapeutics Limited, Head Office: Block No. 21 & 22, Phase II, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore 560058, India
| | - Vijay Jamdar
- Drug Discovery Facility - Pune, Advinus Therapeutics Limited, Head Office: Block No. 21 & 22, Phase II, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore 560058, India
| | - Ravindra Gavhane
- Drug Discovery Facility - Pune, Advinus Therapeutics Limited, Head Office: Block No. 21 & 22, Phase II, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore 560058, India
| | - Mahendra Lohote
- Drug Discovery Facility - Pune, Advinus Therapeutics Limited, Head Office: Block No. 21 & 22, Phase II, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore 560058, India
| | - Prasad Sherkar
- Drug Discovery Facility - Pune, Advinus Therapeutics Limited, Head Office: Block No. 21 & 22, Phase II, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore 560058, India
| | - Madhu Bala
- Drug Discovery Facility - Pune, Advinus Therapeutics Limited, Head Office: Block No. 21 & 22, Phase II, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore 560058, India
| | - Rajkanth Petla
- Drug Discovery Facility - Pune, Advinus Therapeutics Limited, Head Office: Block No. 21 & 22, Phase II, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore 560058, India
| | - Ashwinkumar Meru
- Drug Discovery Facility - Pune, Advinus Therapeutics Limited, Head Office: Block No. 21 & 22, Phase II, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore 560058, India
| | - Dhananjay Umrani
- Drug Discovery Facility - Pune, Advinus Therapeutics Limited, Head Office: Block No. 21 & 22, Phase II, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore 560058, India
| | - Sreekanth Rouduri
- Drug Discovery Facility - Pune, Advinus Therapeutics Limited, Head Office: Block No. 21 & 22, Phase II, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore 560058, India
| | - Sachin Joshi
- Drug Discovery Facility - Pune, Advinus Therapeutics Limited, Head Office: Block No. 21 & 22, Phase II, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore 560058, India
| | - Satyanarayan Reddy
- Drug Discovery Facility - Pune, Advinus Therapeutics Limited, Head Office: Block No. 21 & 22, Phase II, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore 560058, India
| | - Vishwottam Kandikere
- Drug Discovery Facility - Pune, Advinus Therapeutics Limited, Head Office: Block No. 21 & 22, Phase II, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore 560058, India
| | - Debnath Bhuniya
- Drug Discovery Facility - Pune, Advinus Therapeutics Limited, Head Office: Block No. 21 & 22, Phase II, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore 560058, India
| | - Bheemashankar Kulkarni
- Drug Discovery Facility - Pune, Advinus Therapeutics Limited, Head Office: Block No. 21 & 22, Phase II, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore 560058, India
| | - Kasim A Mookhtiar
- Drug Discovery Facility - Pune, Advinus Therapeutics Limited, Head Office: Block No. 21 & 22, Phase II, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore 560058, India
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35
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Meijer FA, Leijten-van de Gevel IA, de Vries RMJM, Brunsveld L. Allosteric small molecule modulators of nuclear receptors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 485:20-34. [PMID: 30703487 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear Receptors (NRs) are multi-domain proteins, whose natural regulation occurs via ligands for a classical, orthosteric, binding pocket and via intra- and inter-domain allosteric mechanisms. Allosteric modulation of NRs via synthetic small molecules has recently emerged as an interesting entry to address the need for small molecules targeting NRs in pathology, via novel modes of action and with beneficial profiles. In this review the general concept of allosteric modulation in drug discovery is first discussed, serving as a background and inspiration for NRs. Subsequently, the review focuses on examples of small molecules that allosterically modulate NRs, with a strong focus on structural information and the ligand binding domain. Recently discovered nanomolar potent allosteric site NR modulators are catapulting allosteric targeting of NRs to the center of attention. The obtained insights serve as a basis for recommendations for the next steps to take in allosteric small molecular targeting of NRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke A Meijer
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Iris A Leijten-van de Gevel
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Rens M J M de Vries
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Luc Brunsveld
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
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36
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Karaś K, Sałkowska A, Walczak-Drzewiecka A, Ryba K, Dastych J, Bachorz RA, Ratajewski M. The cardenolides strophanthidin, digoxigenin and dihydroouabain act as activators of the human RORγ/RORγT receptors. Toxicol Lett 2018; 295:314-324. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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37
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Pandya VB, Kumar S, Sachchidanand, Sharma R, Desai RC. Combating Autoimmune Diseases With Retinoic Acid Receptor-Related Orphan Receptor-γ (RORγ or RORc) Inhibitors: Hits and Misses. J Med Chem 2018; 61:10976-10995. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vrajesh B. Pandya
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej Bavla NH8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej Bavla NH8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Sachchidanand
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej Bavla NH8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Rajiv Sharma
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej Bavla NH8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Ranjit C. Desai
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej Bavla NH8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
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38
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Identification of fused pyrimidines as interleukin 17 secretion inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 155:562-578. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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39
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Yagishita F, Kinouchi T, Hoshi K, Tezuka Y, Jibu Y, Karatsu T, Uemura N, Yoshida Y, Mino T, Sakamoto M, Kawamura Y. Highly efficient blue emission from boron complexes of 1-(o-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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40
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Yagishita F, Nii C, Tezuka Y, Tabata A, Nagamune H, Uemura N, Yoshida Y, Mino T, Sakamoto M, Kawamura Y. Fluorescent N-Heteroarenes Having Large Stokes Shift and Water Solubility Suitable for Bioimaging. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fumitoshi Yagishita
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Science and Technology; Tokushima University; Tokushima 770-8506 Japan
| | - Chiho Nii
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Science and Technology; Tokushima University; Tokushima 770-8506 Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Tezuka
- Department of Optical Science and Technology; Graduate School of Science and Technology; Tokushima University; Tokushima 770-8506 Japan
| | - Atsushi Tabata
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry; Tokushima University; Tokushima 770-8506 Japan
| | - Hideaki Nagamune
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry; Tokushima University; Tokushima 770-8506 Japan
| | - Naohiro Uemura
- Graduate School of Engineering; Chiba University; Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Yasushi Yoshida
- Graduate School of Engineering; Chiba University; Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Takashi Mino
- Graduate School of Engineering; Chiba University; Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Masami Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Engineering; Chiba University; Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kawamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Science and Technology; Tokushima University; Tokushima 770-8506 Japan
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41
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Kono M, Ochida A, Oda T, Imada T, Banno Y, Taya N, Masada S, Kawamoto T, Yonemori K, Nara Y, Fukase Y, Yukawa T, Tokuhara H, Skene R, Sang BC, Hoffman ID, Snell GP, Uga K, Shibata A, Igaki K, Nakamura Y, Nakagawa H, Tsuchimori N, Yamasaki M, Shirai J, Yamamoto S. Discovery of [cis-3-({(5R)-5-[(7-Fluoro-1,1-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-yl)carbamoyl]-2-methoxy-7,8-dihydro-1,6-naphthyridin-6(5H)-yl}carbonyl)cyclobutyl]acetic Acid (TAK-828F) as a Potent, Selective, and Orally Available Novel Retinoic Acid Receptor-Related Orphan Receptor γt Inverse Agonist. J Med Chem 2018; 61:2973-2988. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsunori Kono
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Atsuko Ochida
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Oda
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Takashi Imada
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Banno
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Naohiro Taya
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Shinichi Masada
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Kawamoto
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuko Yonemori
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshi Nara
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Fukase
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoya Yukawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Tokuhara
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Robert Skene
- Takeda California, 10410 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Bi-Ching Sang
- Takeda California, 10410 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Isaac D. Hoffman
- Takeda California, 10410 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Gyorgy P. Snell
- Takeda California, 10410 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Keiko Uga
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Akira Shibata
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Keiko Igaki
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nakamura
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Nakagawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Noboru Tsuchimori
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Masashi Yamasaki
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Junya Shirai
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamamoto
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
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Discovery of orally efficacious RORγt inverse agonists. Part 2: Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:470-482. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Volpi G, Magistris C, Garino C. Natural aldehyde extraction and direct preparation of new blue light-emitting imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine fluorophores. Nat Prod Res 2017; 32:2304-2311. [PMID: 29224381 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1410803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This work describes the extraction of natural aldehydes and the use of extracts to synthesise new fluorescent imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine derivatives. The characterisation of the extracted aldehydes by different techniques and the optical study of the fluorescent products allow the design of new compounds suitable for pharmaceutical, down-shifting, microscopy and electronic applications. The fluorophores are generated by an easy one-pot cyclisation reaction in mild conditions without catalyst and with only water as by-product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Volpi
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Turin , Torino , Italy
| | | | - Claudio Garino
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Turin , Torino , Italy
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Yagishita F, Kozai N, Nii C, Tezuka Y, Uemura N, Yoshida Y, Mino T, Sakamoto M, Kawamura Y. Synthesis of Dimeric Imidazo[1, 5-a
]pyridines and Their Photophysical Properties. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fumitoshi Yagishita
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Science and Technology; Tokushima University; Tokushima 770-8506 Japan
| | - Natsumi Kozai
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Science and Technology; Tokushima University; Tokushima 770-8506 Japan
| | - Chiho Nii
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Science and Technology; Tokushima University; Tokushima 770-8506 Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Tezuka
- Department of Optical Science and Technology; Graduate School of Science and Technology; Tokushima University; Tokushima 770-8506 Japan
| | - Naohiro Uemura
- Graduate School of Engineering; Chiba University; Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Yasushi Yoshida
- Graduate School of Engineering; Chiba University; Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Takashi Mino
- Graduate School of Engineering; Chiba University; Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Masami Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Engineering; Chiba University; Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kawamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Science and Technology; Tokushima University; Tokushima 770-8506 Japan
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45
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Gege C. RORγt inhibitors as potential back-ups for the phase II candidate VTP-43742 from Vitae Pharmaceuticals: patent evaluation of WO2016061160 and US20160122345. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2016; 27:1-8. [PMID: 27852111 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2017.1262350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor gamma t (RORγt or RORc2) is a key transcription factor for the differentiation of naïve proinflammatory CD4+ T cells and the production of T helper-17 (TH17) cells. Inhibiting RORγt activity is thought to be beneficial in targeting a variety of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Recently Vitae Pharmaceuticals (to be acquired by Allergan) reported positive top-line results from a Phase 2a clinical trial of RORγt inhibitor VTP-43742 in psoriatic patients. The compound was reported to demonstrate a clear signal of efficacy over a short four-week period and no drug-related cardiac abnormalities were observed; however, in the 700 mg dose group reversible transaminase elevations were observed in four patients, which prompted the company to cancel testing VTP-43742 at a initially planned third, higher dose. In Vitae Pharmaceuticals latest patent applications, WO2016061160 and US20160122345, potential dihydropyrrolopyridine back-up compounds of clinical candidate VTP-43742 (covered in WO2015116904) are disclosed. In light of the recently announced RORγt back-up molecule VTP-45489, the improvements of the new compounds are discussed and their potential impact is elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gege
- a Phenex Pharmaceuticals AG , Waldhofer Straße 104, 69123 Heidelberg , Germany
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46
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Yagishita F, Nomura K, Shiono S, Nii C, Mino T, Sakamoto M, Kawamura Y. Palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki-Heck Reaction Using Imidazo[1,5-a]pyridines. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fumitoshi Yagishita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology; Tokushima University; Tokushima 770-8506 Japan
| | - Koh Nomura
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering; Chiba University; Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Saki Shiono
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering; Chiba University; Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Chiho Nii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology; Tokushima University; Tokushima 770-8506 Japan
| | - Takashi Mino
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering; Chiba University; Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Masami Sakamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering; Chiba University; Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kawamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology; Tokushima University; Tokushima 770-8506 Japan
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47
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Cyr P, Bronner SM, Crawford JJ. Recent progress on nuclear receptor RORγ modulators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:4387-4393. [PMID: 27542308 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor RORγ plays key roles in the development and differentiation of TH17 cells, and thus in IL-17 expression, thymocyte development and regulation of metabolism. With the recent progression into phase 2 clinical trials of both oral and topically administered inverse agonists, and with others close behind, there is significant interest in the discovery of RORγ modulators. This digest covers key developments around RORγ agonists, antagonists and inverse agonists; orthosteric and allosteric binders; and aims to summarize the available information concerning the potential utility of RORγ modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Cyr
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Sarah M Bronner
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - James J Crawford
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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48
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Post-translational regulation of RORγt—A therapeutic target for the modulation of interleukin-17-mediated responses in autoimmune diseases. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2016; 30:1-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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49
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Tice CM, Zheng YJ. Non-canonical modulators of nuclear receptors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:4157-64. [PMID: 27503683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Like G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and protein kinases, nuclear receptors (NRs) are a rich source of pharmaceutical targets. Over 80 NR-targeting drugs have been approved for 18 NRs. The focus of drug discovery in NRs has hitherto been on identifying ligands that bind to the canonical ligand binding pockets of the C-terminal ligand binding domains (LBDs). Due to the development of drug resistance and selectivity concerns, there has been considerable interest in exploring other, non-canonical ligand binding sites. Unfortunately, the potencies of compounds binding at other sites have generally not been sufficient for clinical development. However, the situation has changed dramatically over the last 3years, as compounds with sufficient potency have been reported for several NR targets. Here we review recent developments in this area from a medicinal chemistry point of view in the hope of stimulating further interest in this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin M Tice
- Vitae Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 502 West Office Center Drive, Fort Washington, PA 19034, United States
| | - Ya-Jun Zheng
- Vitae Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 502 West Office Center Drive, Fort Washington, PA 19034, United States
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50
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Enyedy IJ, Powell NA, Caravella J, van Vloten K, Chao J, Banerjee D, Marcotte D, Silvian L, McKenzie A, Hong VS, Fontenot JD. Discovery of biaryls as RORγ inverse agonists by using structure-based design. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2459-2463. [PMID: 27080181 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.03.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RORγ plays a critical role in controlling a pro-inflammatory gene expression program in several lymphocyte lineages including T cells, γδ T cells, and innate lymphoid cells. RORγ-mediated inflammation has been linked to susceptibility to Crohn's disease, arthritis, and psoriasis. Thus inverse agonists of RORγ have the potential of modulating inflammation. Our goal was to optimize two RORγ inverse agonists: T0901317 from literature and 1 that we obtained from internal screening. We used information from internal X-ray structures to design two libraries that led to a new biaryl series.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jianhua Chao
- Biogen, 250 Binney St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Victor Sukbong Hong
- Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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