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Boutalaka M, El Bahi S, Alaqarbeh M, El Alaouy MA, Koubi Y, Khatabi KE, Maghat H, Bouachrine M, Lakhlifi T. Computational investigation of imidazo[2,1-b]oxazole derivatives as potential mutant BRAF kinase inhibitors: 3D-QSAR, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and ADMETox studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:5268-5287. [PMID: 37424193 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2233629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
BRAF inhibitors are known to be an effective therapeutic target for treating melanoma and other types of cancer. Using 3D-QSAR, molecular docking, and MD simulations, this study evaluated various imidazo[2,1-b]oxazole derivatives that function as mutant BRAF kinase inhibitors. Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity index analysis (CoMSIA) were used to create the 3D-QSAR models. CoMSIA/SEHA model has solid predictive power across several models (Q2 = 0.578; R2 = 0.828; R2pred = 0.74) and is the best model according to the numerous field models generated. The created model's predictive power was evaluated through external validation using a test set. CoMSIA/SEHA contour maps collect information that can be used to identify critical regions with solid anticancer activity. We developed four inhibitors with high predicted activity due to these observations. ADMET prediction was used to assess the toxicity of the proposed imidazo[2,1-b]oxazole compounds. The predictive molecules (T1-T4) demonstrated good ADMET properties, excluding the toxic active compounds 11r from the database. Molecular docking was also used to determine the patterns and modes of interactions between imidazo[2,1-b]oxazole ligands and receptors, which revealed that the proposed imidazo[2,1-b]oxazole scaffold was stable in the receptor's active site (PDB code: 4G9C). The suggested compounds (T1-T4) were subjected to molecular dynamics simulations lasting 100 ns to determine their binding free energies. The results showed that T2 had a more favorable binding free energy (-149.552 kJ/mol) than T1 (-112.556 kJ/mol), T3 (-115.503 kJ/mol), and T4 (-102.553 kJ/mol). The results suggest that the imidazo[2,1-b]oxazole compounds investigated in this study have potential as inhibitors of BRAF kinase and could be further developed as anticancer drugs. Highlights22 imidazo[2,1-b]oxazole compounds were subjected to research on three-dimensional quantitative conformational relationships.Using contour maps from 3D-QSAR models as a guide was used to figure out the areas and strategies for structural optimization.Combined molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and binding free energy calculations to verify the inhibitor activity of the proposed 22 imidazo[2,1-b]oxazole compounds.Four potential B-RAF Kinase inhibitors were discovered, providing theoretical clues for developing a highly anticancer agent.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Boutalaka
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Salma El Bahi
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | | | - Moulay Ahfid El Alaouy
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Yassine Koubi
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Khalil El Khatabi
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Hamid Maghat
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Bouachrine
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
- EST Khenifra, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - Tahar Lakhlifi
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
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Mushtaq A, Wu P, Naseer MM. Recent drug design strategies and identification of key heterocyclic scaffolds for promising anticancer targets. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 254:108579. [PMID: 38160914 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Cancer, a noncommunicable disease, is the leading cause of mortality worldwide and is anticipated to rise by 75% in the next two decades, reaching approximately 25 million cases. Traditional cancer treatments, such as radiotherapy and surgery, have shown limited success in reducing cancer incidence. As a result, the focus of cancer chemotherapy has switched to the development of novel small molecule antitumor agents as an alternate strategy for combating and managing cancer rates. Heterocyclic compounds are such agents that bind to specific residues in target proteins, inhibiting their function and potentially providing cancer treatment. This review focuses on privileged heterocyclic pharmacophores with potent activity against carbonic anhydrases and kinases, which are important anticancer targets. Evaluation of ongoing pre-clinical and clinical research of heterocyclic compounds with potential therapeutic value against a variety of malignancies as well as the provision of a concise summary of the role of heterocyclic scaffolds in various chemotherapy protocols have also been discussed. The main objective of the article is to highlight key heterocyclic scaffolds involved in recent anticancer drug design that demands further attention from the drug development community to find more effective and safer targeted small-molecule anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia Mushtaq
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Peng Wu
- Chemical Genomics Centre, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn Str. 11, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Muhammad Moazzam Naseer
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; Chemical Genomics Centre, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn Str. 11, Dortmund 44227, Germany.
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Singh A, Sonawane P, Kumar A, Singh H, Naumovich V, Pathak P, Grishina M, Khalilullah H, Jaremko M, Emwas AH, Verma A, Kumar P. Challenges and Opportunities in the Crusade of BRAF Inhibitors: From 2002 to 2022. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:27819-27844. [PMID: 37576670 PMCID: PMC10413849 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Serine/threonine-protein kinase B-Raf (BRAF; RAF = rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma) plays an important role in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade. Somatic mutations in the BRAF gene were first discovered in 2002 by Davies et al., which was a major breakthrough in cancer research. Subsequently, three different classes of BRAF mutants have been discovered. This class includes class I monomeric mutants (BRAFV600), class II BRAF homodimer mutants (non-V600), and class III BRAF heterodimers (non-V600). Cancers caused by these include melanoma, thyroid cancer, ovarian cancer, colorectal cancer, nonsmall cell lung cancer, and others. In this study, we have highlighted the major binding pockets in BRAF protein, their active and inactive conformations with inhibitors, and BRAF dimerization and its importance in paradoxical activation and BRAF mutation. We have discussed the first-, second-, and third-generation drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration and drugs under clinical trials with all four different binding approaches with DFG-IN/OUT and αC-IN/OUT for BRAF protein. We have investigated particular aspects and difficulties with all three generations of inhibitors. Finally, this study has also covered recent developments in synthetic BRAF inhibitors (from their discovery in 2002 to 2022), their unique properties, and importance in inhibiting BRAF mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit
Kumar Singh
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Pankaj Sonawane
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Adarsh Kumar
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Harshwardhan Singh
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Vladislav Naumovich
- Laboratory
of Computational Modeling of Drugs, Higher Medical and Biological
School, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454008, Russia
| | - Prateek Pathak
- Laboratory
of Computational Modeling of Drugs, Higher Medical and Biological
School, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454008, Russia
| | - Maria Grishina
- Laboratory
of Computational Modeling of Drugs, Higher Medical and Biological
School, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454008, Russia
| | - Habibullah Khalilullah
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of
Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unayzah 51911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health
Initiative and Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and
Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Core
Laboratories, King Abdullah University of
Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi
Arabia
| | - Amita Verma
- Bioorganic
and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of
Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj 211007, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India
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Dong L, Liu X, Wu B, Li C, Wei X, Wumaier G, Zhang X, Wang J, Xia J, Zhang Y, Yiminniyaze R, Zhu N, Li J, Zhou D, Zhang Y, Li S, Lv J, Li S. Mxi1-0 Promotes Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension Via ERK/c-Myc-dependent Proliferation of Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells. Front Genet 2022; 13:810157. [PMID: 35401684 PMCID: PMC8984142 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.810157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is a challenging lung arterial disorder with remarkably high incidence and mortality, and so far patients have failed to benefit from therapeutics clinically available. Max interacting protein 1–0 (Mxi1-0) is one of the functional isoforms of Mxi1. Although it also binds to Max, Mxi1-0, unlike other Mxi1 isoforms, cannot antagonize the oncoprotein c-Myc because of its unique proline rich domain (PRD). While Mxi1-0 was reported to promote cell proliferation via largely uncharacterized mechanisms, it is unknown whether and how it plays a role in the pathogenesis of HPH. Methods: GEO database was used to screen for genes involved in HPH development, and the candidate players were validated through examination of gene expression in clinical HPH specimens. The effect of candidate gene knockdown or overexpression on cultured pulmonary arterial cells, e.g., pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), was then investigated. The signal pathway(s) underlying the regulatory role of the candidate gene in HPH pathogenesis was probed, and the outcome of targeting the aforementioned signaling was evaluated using an HPH rat model. Results: Mxi1 was significantly upregulated in the PASMCs of HPH patients. As the main effector isoform responding to hypoxia, Mxi1-0 functions in HPH to promote PASMCs proliferation. Mechanistically, Mxi1-0 improved the expression of the proto-oncogene c-Myc via activation of the MEK/ERK pathway. Consistently, both a MEK inhibitor, PD98059, and a c-Myc inhibitor, 10058F4, could counteract Mxi1-0-induced PASMCs proliferation. In addition, targeting the MEK/ERK signaling significantly suppressed the development of HPH in rats. Conclusion: Mxi1-0 potentiates HPH pathogenesis through MEK/ERK/c-Myc-mediated proliferation of PASMCs, suggesting its applicability in targeted treatment and prognostic assessment of clinical HPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Dong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinning Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Lung Transplantation, Wuxi People’s Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Chengwei Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomin Wei
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gulinuer Wumaier
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingwen Xia
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruzetuoheti Yiminniyaze
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daibing Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Youzhi Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuanghui Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junzhu Lv
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengqing Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Shengqing Li,
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5
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Zhang H, Zhang L, Gao C, Yu R, Kang C. Pharmacophore screening, molecular docking, ADMET prediction and MD simulations for identification of ALK and MEK potential dual inhibitors. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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6
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Yun MW, Kim K, Park JY, Chung KY. Conformational Dynamics Analysis of MEK1 Using Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 28:481-488. [PMID: 33143608 DOI: 10.2174/0929866527666201103152534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) is regulated by a phosphorylation cascade comprising three kinases, MAPK kinase kinase (MAP3K), MAPK kinase (MAP2K), and MAPK. MAP2K1 and MAPK2K2, also known as MEK1 and MEK2, activate ERK1 and ERK2. The structure of the MAPK signaling cascade has been studied, but high-resolution structural studies of MAP2Ks have often focused on kinase domains or docking sites, but not on full-length proteins. OBJECTIVE To understand the conformational dynamics of MEK1. METHODS Full-length MEK1 was purified from Escherichia coli (BL21), and its conformational dynamics were analyzed using hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS). The effects of ATP binding were examined by co-incubating MEK1 and adenylyl-imidodiphosphate (AMP- PNP), a non-hydrolysable ATP analog. RESULTS MEK1 exhibited mixed EX1/EX2 HDX kinetics within the N-terminal tail through β1, αI, and the C-terminal helix. AMP-PNP binding was found to reduce conformational dynamics within the glycine-rich loop and regions near the DFG motif, along with the activation lip. CONCLUSION We report for the first time that MEK1 has regions that slowly change its folded and unfolded states (mixed EX1/EX2 kinetics) and also report the conformational effects of ATP-binding to MEK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Woo Yun
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Kiae Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Ji Young Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Ka Young Chung
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
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7
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Saturno G, Lopes F, Niculescu-Duvaz I, Niculescu-Duvaz D, Zambon A, Davies L, Johnson L, Preece N, Lee R, Viros A, Holovanchuk D, Pedersen M, McLeary R, Lorigan P, Dhomen N, Fisher C, Banerji U, Dean E, Krebs MG, Gore M, Larkin J, Marais R, Springer C. The paradox-breaking panRAF plus SRC family kinase inhibitor, CCT3833, is effective in mutant KRAS-driven cancers. Ann Oncol 2021; 32:269-278. [PMID: 33130216 PMCID: PMC7839839 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.10.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND KRAS is mutated in ∼90% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, ∼35% of colorectal cancers and ∼20% of non-small-cell lung cancers. There has been recent progress in targeting G12CKRAS specifically, but therapeutic options for other mutant forms of KRAS are limited, largely because the complexity of downstream signaling and feedback mechanisms mean that targeting individual pathway components is ineffective. DESIGN The protein kinases RAF and SRC are validated therapeutic targets in KRAS-mutant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, colorectal cancers and non-small-cell lung cancers and we show that both must be inhibited to block growth of these cancers. We describe CCT3833, a new drug that inhibits both RAF and SRC, which may be effective in KRAS-mutant cancers. RESULTS We show that CCT3833 inhibits RAF and SRC in KRAS-mutant tumors in vitro and in vivo, and that it inhibits tumor growth at well-tolerated doses in mice. CCT3833 has been evaluated in a phase I clinical trial (NCT02437227) and we report here that it significantly prolongs progression-free survival of a patient with a G12VKRAS spindle cell sarcoma who did not respond to a multikinase inhibitor and therefore had limited treatment options. CONCLUSIONS New drug CCT3833 elicits significant preclinical therapeutic efficacy in KRAS-mutant colorectal, lung and pancreatic tumor xenografts, demonstrating a treatment option for several areas of unmet clinical need. Based on these preclinical data and the phase I clinical unconfirmed response in a patient with KRAS-mutant spindle cell sarcoma, CCT3833 requires further evaluation in patients with other KRAS-mutant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Saturno
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, the University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Manchester, UK
| | - F Lopes
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, the University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Manchester, UK; Gene and Oncogene Targeting Team, CR-UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, the Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - I Niculescu-Duvaz
- Gene and Oncogene Targeting Team, CR-UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, the Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - D Niculescu-Duvaz
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, the University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Manchester, UK; Gene and Oncogene Targeting Team, CR-UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, the Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - A Zambon
- Gene and Oncogene Targeting Team, CR-UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, the Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - L Davies
- Gene and Oncogene Targeting Team, CR-UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, the Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - L Johnson
- Gene and Oncogene Targeting Team, CR-UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, the Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - N Preece
- Gene and Oncogene Targeting Team, CR-UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, the Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - R Lee
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, the University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Manchester, UK
| | - A Viros
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, the University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Manchester, UK
| | - D Holovanchuk
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, the University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Manchester, UK
| | - M Pedersen
- Targeted Therapy Team, the Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - R McLeary
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, the University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Manchester, UK; Gene and Oncogene Targeting Team, CR-UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, the Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - P Lorigan
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, the University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - N Dhomen
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, the University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Manchester, UK
| | - C Fisher
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - U Banerji
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - E Dean
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, the University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - M G Krebs
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, the University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - M Gore
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - J Larkin
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - R Marais
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, the University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Manchester, UK.
| | - C Springer
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, the University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Manchester, UK; Gene and Oncogene Targeting Team, CR-UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, the Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
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Monaco KA, Delach S, Yuan J, Mishina Y, Fordjour P, Labrot E, McKay D, Guo R, Higgins S, Wang HQ, Liang J, Bui K, Green J, Aspesi P, Ambrose J, Mapa F, Griner L, Jaskelioff M, Fuller J, Crawford K, Pardee G, Widger S, Hammerman PS, Engelman JA, Stuart DD, Cooke VG, Caponigro G. LXH254, a Potent and Selective ARAF-Sparing Inhibitor of BRAF and CRAF for the Treatment of MAPK-Driven Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 27:2061-2073. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-2563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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In silico evaluation of some 4-(quinolin-2-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine derivatives as potent V600E-BRAF inhibitors with pharmacokinetics ADMET and drug-likeness predictions. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-020-00084-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The resistance of V600E-BRAF to the vemurafenib and the side effects of the identified inhibitors trigger the research for a novel and more potent anti-melanoma agents. In this study, virtual docking screening along with pharmacokinetics ADMET and drug-likeness predictions were combined to evaluate some 4-(quinolin-2-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine derivatives as potent V600E-BRAF inhibitors.
Results
Some of the selected compounds exhibited better binding scores and favorable interaction with the V600E-BRAF enzyme. Out of the screened compounds, two most potent (5 and 9) having good Rerank scores (− 128.011 and − 126.258) emerged as effective and potent V600E-BRAF inhibitors that outperformed the FDA-approved V600E-BRAF inhibitor (vemurafenib, − 118.607). Thus, the molecular docking studies revealed that the studied compounds showed competing for inhibition of V600E-BRAF with vemurafenib at the binding site and possessed better pharmacological parameters based on the drug-likeness rules filters for the oral bioavailability, and ADMET risk parameters.
Conclusion
The docking analysis, drug-likeness rules filters, and ADMET study identified compounds (5 and 9) as the best hits against V600E-BRAF kinase with enhanced pharmacological properties. This recommends that these compounds may be developed as potent anti-melanoma agents.
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Abstract
Antiviral drugs have traditionally been developed by directly targeting essential viral components. However, this strategy often fails due to the rapid generation of drug-resistant viruses. Recent genome-wide approaches, such as those employing small interfering RNA (siRNA) or clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) or those using small molecule chemical inhibitors targeting the cellular "kinome," have been used successfully to identify cellular factors that can support virus replication. Since some of these cellular factors are critical for virus replication, but are dispensable for the host, they can serve as novel targets for antiviral drug development. In addition, potentiation of immune responses, regulation of cytokine storms, and modulation of epigenetic changes upon virus infections are also feasible approaches to control infections. Because it is less likely that viruses will mutate to replace missing cellular functions, the chance of generating drug-resistant mutants with host-targeted inhibitor approaches is minimized. However, drug resistance against some host-directed agents can, in fact, occur under certain circumstances, such as long-term selection pressure of a host-directed antiviral agent that can allow the virus the opportunity to adapt to use an alternate host factor or to alter its affinity toward the target that confers resistance. This review describes novel approaches for antiviral drug development with a focus on host-directed therapies and the potential mechanisms that may account for the acquisition of antiviral drug resistance against host-directed agents.
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Liu J, Pei J, Lai L. A combined computational and experimental strategy identifies mutations conferring resistance to drugs targeting the BCR-ABL fusion protein. Commun Biol 2020; 3:18. [PMID: 31925328 PMCID: PMC6952392 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0743-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is of increasing concern, especially during the treatments of infectious diseases and cancer. To accelerate the drug discovery process in combating issues of drug resistance, here we developed a computational and experimental strategy to predict drug resistance mutations. Using BCR-ABL as a case study, we successfully recaptured the clinically observed mutations that confer resistance imatinib, nilotinib, dasatinib, bosutinib, and ponatinib. We then experimentally tested the predicted mutants in vitro. We found that although all mutants showed weakened binding strength as expected, the binding constants alone were not a good indicator of drug resistance. Instead, the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was shown to be a good indicator of the incidence of the predicted mutations, together with change in catalytic efficacy. Our suggested strategy for predicting drug-resistance mutations includes the computational prediction and in vitro selection of mutants with increased IC50 values beyond the drug safety window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Liu
- The PTN Graduate Program, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Pei
- Center for Quantitative Biology, AAIS, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Luhua Lai
- Center for Quantitative Biology, AAIS, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.
- BNLMS, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.
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Lopez ED, Burastero O, Arcon JP, Defelipe LA, Ahn NG, Marti MA, Turjanski AG. Kinase Activation by Small Conformational Changes. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 60:821-832. [PMID: 31714778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinases (PKs) are allosteric enzymes that play an essential role in signal transduction by regulating a variety of key cellular processes. Most PKs suffer conformational rearrangements upon phosphorylation that strongly enhance the catalytic activity. Generally, it involves the movement of the phosphorylated loop toward the active site and the rotation of the whole C-terminal lobe. However, not all kinases undergo such a large configurational change: The MAPK extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases ERK1 and ERK2 achieve a 50 000 fold increase in kinase activity with only a small motion of the C-terminal region. In the present work, we used a combination of molecular simulation tools to characterize the conformational landscape of ERK2 in the active (phosphorylated) and inactive (unphosphorylated) states in solution in agreement with NMR experiments. We show that the chemical reaction barrier is strongly dependent on ATP conformation and that the "active" low-barrier configuration is subtly regulated by phosphorylation, which stabilizes a key salt bridge between the conserved Lys52 and Glu69 belonging to helix-C and promotes binding of a second Mg ion. Our study highlights that the on-off switch embedded in the kinase fold can be regulated by small, medium, and large conformational changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias D Lopez
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires , Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Osvaldo Burastero
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires , Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Juan P Arcon
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires , Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Lucas A Defelipe
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires , Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Natalie G Ahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
| | - Marcelo A Marti
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires , Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Adrian G Turjanski
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires , Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires , Argentina
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13
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Halder AK, Giri AK, Cordeiro MNDS. Multi-Target Chemometric Modelling, Fragment Analysis and Virtual Screening with ERK Inhibitors as Potential Anticancer Agents. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24213909. [PMID: 31671605 PMCID: PMC6864583 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Two isoforms of extracellular regulated kinase (ERK), namely ERK-1 and ERK-2, are associated with several cellular processes, the aberration of which leads to cancer. The ERK-1/2 inhibitors are thus considered as potential agents for cancer therapy. Multitarget quantitative structure–activity relationship (mt-QSAR) models based on the Box–Jenkins approach were developed with a dataset containing 6400 ERK inhibitors assayed under different experimental conditions. The first mt-QSAR linear model was built with linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and provided information regarding the structural requirements for better activity. This linear model was also utilised for a fragment analysis to estimate the contributions of ring fragments towards ERK inhibition. Then, the random forest (RF) technique was employed to produce highly predictive non-linear mt-QSAR models, which were used for screening the Asinex kinase library and identify the most potential virtual hits. The fragment analysis results justified the selection of the hits retrieved through such virtual screening. The latter were subsequently subjected to molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations to understand their possible interactions with ERK enzymes. The present work, which utilises in-silico techniques such as multitarget chemometric modelling, fragment analysis, virtual screening, molecular docking and dynamics, may provide important guidelines to facilitate the discovery of novel ERK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Halder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Amal Kanta Giri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
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14
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Lu N, Malemud CJ. Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase: A Regulator of Cell Growth, Inflammation, Chondrocyte and Bone Cell Receptor-Mediated Gene Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153792. [PMID: 31382554 PMCID: PMC6696446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family of signaling molecules. ERK is predominantly found in two forms, ERK1 (p44) and ERK2 (p42), respectively. There are also several atypical forms of ERK, including ERK3, ERK4, ERK5 and ERK7. The ERK1/2 signaling pathway has been implicated in many and diverse cellular events, including proliferation, growth, differentiation, cell migration, cell survival, metabolism and transcription. ERK1/2 is activated (i.e., phosphorylated) in the cytosol and subsequently translocated to the nucleus, where it activates transcription factors including, but not limited to, ETS, c-Jun, and Fos. It is not surprising that the ERK1/2 signaling cascade has been implicated in many pathological conditions, namely, cancer, arthritis, chronic inflammation, and osteoporosis. This narrative review examines many of the cellular events in which the ERK1/2 signaling cascade plays a critical role. It is anticipated that agents designed to inhibit ERK1/2 activation or p-ERK1/2 activity will be developed for the treatment of those diseases characterized by dysregulated gene expression through ERK1/2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Lu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Charles J Malemud
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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15
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Abbasnejad Z, Nasseri B, Zardooz H, Ghasemi R. Time-course study of high fat diet induced alterations in spatial memory, hippocampal JNK, P38, ERK and Akt activity. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:659-673. [PMID: 30552557 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0369-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of high fat diet (HFD) is a health concern in modern societies, which participate in wide range of diseases. One underlying mechanism in the HFD mediated pathologies is disruption of insulin signaling activity. It is believed that HFD activates several stress signaling molecules such as MAPKs signaling pathway and these molecules participate in harmful effects in different cell populations including hippocampal cells. However, the activity of MAPKs signaling molecules are time dependent, even causing some opposing effects. Given that, MAPKs activity fluctuate with time of stress, there is less cleared how different lengths of HFD consumption can affect hippocampal MAPK. To test how duration of HFD consumption affect hippocampal MAPKs and insulin signaling activity and animal's cognitive function, rats were fed with HFD for different lengths (up to 6 months) and after each point spatial memory performances of animals was tested, then the peripheral indices of insulin resistance and hippocampal MAPKs and insulin signaling activity was evaluated. Results showed that while different time courses of HFD, up to 6 months, did not bring about significant spatial memory impairment, meanwhile the peripheral insulin sensitivity as well as hippocampal insulin and MAPKs signaling showed significant fluctuations during the different time courses of high fat diet regime. These results showed that neuronal responses to HFD is not constant and differ in a time-dependent manner, it seems that in acute phase molecular responses aimed to compensate the HFD stress but in chronic states these responses failed and devastating effects of stress began.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Abbasnejad
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Nasseri
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homeira Zardooz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Ghasemi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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16
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Li H, Xi D, Niu Y, Wang C, Xu F, Liang L, Xu P. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of cobalt(II)-Schiff base complexes as ATP-noncompetitive MEK1 inhibitors. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 195:174-181. [PMID: 30954694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we designed and synthesized a series of cobalt(II)-Schiff base complexes (CoSBC) with competent MEK1 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-1) inhibitory activity. Based on our previous report, the CoSBC exhibited high binding affinity with MEK1 protein. To further explore metal complexes as MEK1 inhibitors, a series of transition metals and ligands were employed to build a library of various metal Schiff base complexes. The MEK inhibition assays revealed that only CoSBC exhibited obvious inhibitory activity, complex 2b showed the best inhibition both in BRaf (B-rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma)/MEK1 and MEK1/ERK2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinases-2) cascading (IC50 is 1.988 ± 0.14 μM and 1.589 ± 0.054 μM respectively). In addition, homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence test method was used to prove that CoSBC as ATP-noncompetitive MEK1 inhibitor. MEK kinase selectivity assay indicated that CoSBC can selectively inhibit MEK1/2 kinases rather than other MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases) family kinases. Moreover, the interaction mode of 2b with MEK1 protein has been demonstrated by computer aided drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyue Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dandan Xi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan Niu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fengrong Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lei Liang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
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17
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Wong K, van der Weyden L, Schott CR, Foote A, Constantino-Casas F, Smith S, Dobson JM, Murchison EP, Wu H, Yeh I, Fullen DR, Joseph N, Bastian BC, Patel RM, Martincorena I, Robles-Espinoza CD, Iyer V, Kuijjer ML, Arends MJ, Brenn T, Harms PW, Wood GA, Adams DJ. Cross-species genomic landscape comparison of human mucosal melanoma with canine oral and equine melanoma. Nat Commun 2019; 10:353. [PMID: 30664638 PMCID: PMC6341101 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08081-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal melanoma is a rare and poorly characterized subtype of human melanoma. Here we perform a cross-species analysis by sequencing tumor-germline pairs from 46 primary human muscosal, 65 primary canine oral and 28 primary equine melanoma cases from mucosal sites. Analysis of these data reveals recurrently mutated driver genes shared between species such as NRAS, FAT4, PTPRJ, TP53 and PTEN, and pathogenic germline alleles of BRCA1, BRCA2 and TP53. We identify a UV mutation signature in a small number of samples, including human cases from the lip and nasal mucosa. A cross-species comparative analysis of recurrent copy number alterations identifies several candidate drivers including MDM2, B2M, KNSTRN and BUB1B. Comparison of somatic mutations in recurrences and metastases to those in the primary tumor suggests pervasive intra-tumor heterogeneity. Collectively, these studies suggest a convergence of some genetic changes in mucosal melanomas between species but also distinctly different paths to tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Wong
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Louise van der Weyden
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Courtney R Schott
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E., Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Alastair Foote
- Rossdales Equine Hospital and Diagnostic Centre, High Street, Newmarket, Suffolk, CB8 8JS, UK
| | - Fernando Constantino-Casas
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge Veterinary School, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Sionagh Smith
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Jane M Dobson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge Veterinary School, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Elizabeth P Murchison
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge Veterinary School, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Hong Wu
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Iwei Yeh
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Douglas R Fullen
- Departments of Pathology and Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, 3261 Medical Science I, 1301 Catherine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5602, USA
| | - Nancy Joseph
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Boris C Bastian
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Rajiv M Patel
- Departments of Pathology and Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, 3261 Medical Science I, 1301 Catherine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5602, USA
| | - Inigo Martincorena
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Carla Daniela Robles-Espinoza
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
- Laboratorio Internacional de Investigación sobre el Genoma Humano, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Blvd Juriquilla 3001, Santiago de Querétaro, 76230, Mexico
| | - Vivek Iyer
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Marieke L Kuijjer
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Nordic EMBL Partnership, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0349, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mark J Arends
- University of Edinburgh, Division of Pathology, Centre for Comparative Pathology, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Thomas Brenn
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine and Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2L 2K8, Canada
| | - Paul W Harms
- Departments of Pathology and Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, 3261 Medical Science I, 1301 Catherine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5602, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Wood
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E., Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - David J Adams
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.
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18
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Al-Shihabi A, Chawla SP, Hall FL, Gordon EM. Exploiting Oncogenic Drivers along the CCNG1 Pathway for Cancer Therapy and Gene Therapy. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2018; 11:122-126. [PMID: 30581985 PMCID: PMC6292824 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Al-Shihabi
- The Cancer Center of Southern California/Sarcoma Oncology Center, Santa Monica, CA 90403, USA
| | - Sant P Chawla
- The Cancer Center of Southern California/Sarcoma Oncology Center, Santa Monica, CA 90403, USA
| | | | - Erlinda M Gordon
- The Cancer Center of Southern California/Sarcoma Oncology Center, Santa Monica, CA 90403, USA.,Delta Next-Gene, LLC, Santa Monica, CA 90403, USA.,Aveni Foundation, Santa Monica CA 90403, USA
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19
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Abstract
The transcription factor NF-κB is a critical regulator of immune and inflammatory responses. In mammals, the NF-κB/Rel family comprises five members: p50, p52, p65 (Rel-A), c-Rel, and Rel-B proteins, which form homo- or heterodimers and remain as an inactive complex with the inhibitory molecules called IκB proteins in resting cells. Two distinct NF-κB signaling pathways have been described: 1) the canonical pathway primarily activated by pathogens and inflammatory mediators, and 2) the noncanonical pathway mostly activated by developmental cues. The most abundant form of NF-κB activated by pathologic stimuli via the canonical pathway is the p65:p50 heterodimer. Disproportionate increase in activated p65 and subsequent transactivation of effector molecules is integral to the pathogenesis of many chronic diseases such as the rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, and even neurodegenerative pathologies. Hence, the NF-κB p65 signaling pathway has been a pivotal point for intense drug discovery and development. This review begins with an overview of p65-mediated signaling followed by discussion of strategies that directly target NF-κB p65 in the context of chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivagami Giridharan
- Department of Oral Medicine, Madha Dental College, Kundrathur, Chennai, TN, India
| | - Mythily Srinivasan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Medicine and Radiology, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA,
- Provaidya LLC, Indianapolis, IN, USA,
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20
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Luo G, Feng R, Sun Y, Zheng L, Wang Y, Chen Y, Wen T. Dendritic cell factor 1 inhibits proliferation and migration and induces apoptosis of neuroblastoma cells by inhibiting the ERK signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2018; 41:103-112. [PMID: 30365123 PMCID: PMC6278510 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor that affects mainly children and has extremely high mortality and recurrence rates. A previous study revealed that dendritic cell factor 1 (DCF1), also called transmembrane protein 59, could activate apoptosis in glioma cells. In the present study, we applied immunofluorescence, western blot analysis, flow cytometry and cell tumorigenicity to investigate the DCF1 mechanisms involved in NB apoptosis. DCF1 was overexpressed in Neuro-2a and SK-N-SH cells through instantaneous transfection. The data revealed that overexpression of DCF1 could inhibit cell proliferation, migration, invasion and promote cell apoptosis in vitro, and suppress NB growth in vivo. The ERK1/2 signaling pathway, which promotes cell survival, was the target of DCF1 in neuroblastoma cells. All the results indicated that DCF1 could be a potential therapeutic target for the understanding and treatment of NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghong Luo
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Ruili Feng
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Yangyang Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Lili Zheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Yajiang Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Yanlu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Tieqiao Wen
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
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21
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Valdeira ASC, Ritt DA, Morrison DK, McMahon JB, Gustafson KR, Salvador JAR. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Madecassic Acid Derivatives Targeting ERK Cascade Signaling. Front Chem 2018; 6:434. [PMID: 30324102 PMCID: PMC6172662 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a series of novel madecassic acid derivatives was synthesized and screened against the National Cancer Institute's 60 human cancer cell line panel. Among them, compounds 5, 12, and 17 displayed potent and highly differential antiproliferative activity against 80% of the tumor cells harboring the B-RafV600E mutation within the nanomolar range. Structure-activity analysis revealed that a 5-membered A ring containing an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde substituted at C-23 with a 2-furoyl group seems to be crucial to produce this particular growth inhibition signature. In silico analysis of the cytotoxicity pattern of these compounds identified two highly correlated clinically approved drugs with known B-RafV600E inhibitory activity. Follow-up analysis revealed inhibition of the ERK signaling pathway through the reduction of cellular Raf protein levels is a key mechanism of action of these compounds. In particular, 17 was the most potent compound in suppressing tumor growth of B-RafV600E-mutant cell lines and displayed the highest reduction of Raf protein levels among the tested compounds. Taken together, this study revealed that modifications of madecassic acid structure can provide molecules with potent anticancer activity against cell lines harboring the clinically relevant B-RafV600E mutation, with compound 17 identified as a promising lead for the development of new anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S C Valdeira
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniel A Ritt
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Deborah K Morrison
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - James B McMahon
- Molecular Targets Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Kirk R Gustafson
- Molecular Targets Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Jorge A R Salvador
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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22
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Kumar R, Khandelwal N, Thachamvally R, Tripathi BN, Barua S, Kashyap SK, Maherchandani S, Kumar N. Role of MAPK/MNK1 signaling in virus replication. Virus Res 2018; 253:48-61. [PMID: 29864503 PMCID: PMC7114592 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are known to exploit cellular signaling pathways. MAPK is a major cell signaling pathway activated by diverse group of viruses. MNK1 regulates both cap-dependent and IRES-mediated mRNA translation. This review discuss the role of MAPK, particularly the role of MNK1 in virus replication.
Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites; they heavily depend on the host cell machinery to effectively replicate and produce new progeny virus particles. Following viral infection, diverse cell signaling pathways are initiated by the cells, with the major goal of establishing an antiviral state. However, viruses have been shown to exploit cellular signaling pathways for their own effective replication. Genome-wide siRNA screens have also identified numerous host factors that either support (proviral) or inhibit (antiviral) virus replication. Some of the host factors might be dispensable for the host but may be critical for virus replication; therefore such cellular factors may serve as targets for development of antiviral therapeutics. Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) is a major cell signaling pathway that is known to be activated by diverse group of viruses. MAPK interacting kinase 1 (MNK1) has been shown to regulate both cap-dependent and internal ribosomal entry sites (IRES)-mediated mRNA translation. In this review we have discuss the role of MAPK in virus replication, particularly the role of MNK1 in replication and translation of viral genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Kumar
- Virology Laboratory, National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India; Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, Rajasthan 334001, India
| | - Nitin Khandelwal
- Virology Laboratory, National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Riyesh Thachamvally
- Virology Laboratory, National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Bhupendra Nath Tripathi
- Virology Laboratory, National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Sanjay Barua
- Virology Laboratory, National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar Kashyap
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, Rajasthan 334001, India
| | - Sunil Maherchandani
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, Rajasthan 334001, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Virology Laboratory, National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India.
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23
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Neuro-ophthalmic side effects of molecularly targeted cancer drugs. Eye (Lond) 2017; 32:287-301. [PMID: 29052609 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2017.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The past two decades has been an amazing time in the advancement of cancer treatment. Molecularly targeted therapy is a concept in which specific cellular molecules (overexpressed, mutationally activated, or selectively expressed proteins) are manipulated in an advantageous manner to decrease the transformation, proliferation, and/or survival of cancer cells. In addition, increased knowledge of the role of the immune system in carcinogenesis has led to the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors to restore and enhance cellular-mediated antitumor immunity. The United States Food and Drug Administration approval of the chimeric monoclonal antibody (mAb) rituximab in 1997 for the treatment of B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma ushered in a new era of targeted therapy for cancer. A year later, trastuzumab, a humanized mAb, was approved for patients with breast cancer. In 2001, imatinib was the first small-molecule kinase inhibitor approved. The approval of ipilimumab-the first in class immune checkpoint inhibitor-in 2011 serves as a landmark period of time in the resurgence of immunotherapy for cancer. Despite the notion that increased tumor specificity results in decreased complications, toxicity remains a major hurdle in the development and implementation of many of the targeted anticancer drugs. This article will provide an overview of the current cellular and immunological understanding of cancer pathogenesis-the foundation upon which molecularly targeted therapies were developed-and a description of the ocular and neuro-ophthalmic toxicity profile of mAbs, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and small-molecule kinase inhibitors.
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Current Development Status of MEK Inhibitors. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101551. [PMID: 28954413 PMCID: PMC6151813 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The current development status of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitors, including the preclinical data and clinical study progress, has been summarized in this review. Different MEK inhibitors, possessing specific physicochemical properties and bioactivity characteristics, may provide different options for patients seeking treatment for cancer. Moreover, the combination of the MEK inhibitors with other therapies-such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy-may be a promising approach for clinical use.
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Chen H, Shao X, Li L, Zheng C, Xu X, Hong X, Li X, Wu M. Electroacupuncture serum inhibits TNF‑α‑mediated chondrocyte inflammation via the Ras‑Raf‑MEK1/2‑ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:5807-5814. [PMID: 28849229 PMCID: PMC5865778 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ras-Raf-mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)1/2-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 signaling pathway contributes to the release of chondral matrix-degrading enzymes and accelerates the degradation of articular cartilage. Electroacupuncture (EA) treatment has been widely used for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA); however, the mechanism underlying the effects of EA on OA remains unclear. Therefore, the present study evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects and potential underlying mechanisms of EA serum (EAS) on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-mediated chondrocyte inflammation. A total of 30 Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: The blank group; experimental group I, which received 15 min of EA treatment; and experimental group II, which received 30 min of EA treatment. Subsequently, serum samples were obtained. Chondrocytes were isolated from the knee cartilage of Sprague Dawley rats, and were identified using collagen type II immunohistochemistry. TNF-α-treated chondrocytes were used as a cell model, and subsequently the cells were treated with EAS from each group for various durations. The results demonstrated that EAS treatment significantly promoted the viability and inhibited the apoptosis of TNF-α-treated chondrocytes. In addition, interleukin (IL)-1β concentration was significantly increased in the model group compared with in the control group, whereas EAS significantly reduced IL-1β concentration in TNF-α-treated chondrocytes. Furthermore, the protein expression levels of Ras, Raf and MEK1/2 were reduced in the EAS groups compared with in the model group. EAS also significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, and the expression of downstream regulators matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 and MMP-13. In conclusion, these results indicated that EAS may inhibit TNF-α-mediated chondrocyte inflammation via the Ras-Raf-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling pathway in vitro, thus suggesting that EAS may be considered a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houhuang Chen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Shao
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Second Affiliated People's Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350003, P.R. China
| | - Chunsong Zheng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Second Affiliated People's Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350003, P.R. China
| | - Xiue Hong
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Second Affiliated People's Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350003, P.R. China
| | - Xihai Li
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Mingxia Wu
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Second Affiliated People's Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350003, P.R. China
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Han H, Li J, Feng X, Zhou H, Guo S, Zhou W. Autophagy-related genes are induced by histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid via the activation of cathepsin B in human breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:53352-53365. [PMID: 28881816 PMCID: PMC5581115 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is involved in modulating tumor cell motility and invasion, resistance to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, anoikis, and escape from immune surveillance. We have previous shown that SAHA is capable to induce several apoptosis and autophagy-related gene expression in breast cancers. However, the exact mechanisms of autophagy activation in this context have not been fully identified. Our results showed that the expression and the activity of Cathepsin B (CTSB), one of the major lysosomal cysteine proteases, were significantly increased in MDA-MB- 231 and MCF-7 cells upon SAHA treatment. We confirmed that Cystatin C, a protease inhibitor, significantly inhibited the expression of CTSB induced by SAHA on breast cancer cells. We demonstrated that SAHA is able to promote the expression of LC3II, a key member in the maturation of the autophagosome, the central organelle of autophagy in breast cancer cells. However, SAHA induced LC3II expression is effectively suppressed after the addition of Cystatin C to the cell culture. In addition, we identified a number of genes, as well as the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling that is potentially involved in the action of SAHA and CTSB in the breast cancer cells. Overall, our results revealed that the autophagy-related genes are induced by SAHA via the activation of CTSB in breast cancer cells. An improved understanding of SAHA molecular mechanisms in breast cancer may facilitate SAHA clinical use and the selection of suitable combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Han
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Microecology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, Huanggu, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province 110034, P. R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenyang Medical College, Huanggu, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province 110034, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Microecology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, Huanggu, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province 110034, P. R. China
| | - Xiuyan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Microecology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, Huanggu, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province 110034, P. R. China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Heping, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province 110002, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Microecology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, Huanggu, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province 110034, P. R. China
| | - Shanchun Guo
- RCMI Cancer Research Center, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | - Weiqiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Microecology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, Huanggu, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province 110034, P. R. China
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Rao SN. Tracking binding modes of 1,2,4-trisubstituted imidazolinone P38 MAP kinase and ERK-2 inhibitors. J Mol Graph Model 2017; 76:161-171. [PMID: 28743070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Putative binding modes of recently reported p38 MAP Kinase and ERK-2 inhibitors containing 1,2,4-tri-substituted imidazolinone have been investigated using molecular docking methods In the case of p38 MAP Kinase, X-ray structures with both DFG-in and DFG-out conformations of the activation loop have been employed for docking studies. The present investigations demonstrate that the DFG-out conformation of the activation loop in p38 MAP Kinase accommodates the 1,2,4-tri-substituted imidazolinones with greater computed binding affinities than the alternative DFG-in conformation. The best scoring binding modes in ERK-2 are distinctly different from those found in the p38 MAP Kinase structures. Both sets of binding modes are characterized by an extensive network of hydrophobic and π-cation interactions, with the hinge region showing little hydrogen bonding propensity with the top-ranked poses. Thus, these docking studies provide a putative pathway for lead optimizations in which hydrogen bonding interactions with the hinge region residues are feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashidhar N Rao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States.
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28
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Kheitan S, Minuchehr Z, Soheili ZS. Exploring the cross talk between ER stress and inflammation in age-related macular degeneration. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181667. [PMID: 28742151 PMCID: PMC5524348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence demonstrates that inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is implicated in the development and progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease. However the cross talk between these cellular mechanisms has not been clearly and fully understood. The present study investigates a possible intersection between ER stress and inflammation in AMD. In this study, we recruited two collections of involved protein markers to retrieve their interaction information from IMEx-curated databases, which are the most well- known protein-protein interaction collections, allowing us to design an intersection network for AMD that is unprecedented. In order to find expression activated subnetworks, we utilized AMD expression profiles in our network. In addition, we studied topological characteristics of the most expressed active subnetworks to identify the hubs. With regard to topological quantifications and expressional activity, we reported a list of the most pivotal hubs which are potentially applicable as probable therapeutic targets. Furthermore, we introduced MAPK signaling pathway as a significantly involved pathway in the association between ER stress and inflammation, leading to promising new directions in discovering AMD formation mechanisms and possible treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Kheitan
- Systems Biotechnology Department, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zarrin Minuchehr
- Systems Biotechnology Department, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail:
| | - Zahra-Soheila Soheili
- Molecular Medicine Department, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
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Wang GM, Wang X, Zhu JM, Guo BB, Yang Z, Xu ZJ, Li B, Wang HY, Meng LH, Zhu WL, Ding J. Docking-based structural splicing and reassembly strategy to develop novel deazapurine derivatives as potent B-Raf V600E inhibitors. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017; 38:1059-1068. [PMID: 28414204 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mutation of B-RafV600E is widespread in a variety of human cancers. Its inhibitors vemurafenib and dabrafenib have been launched as drugs for treating unresectable melanoma, demonstrating that B-RafV600E is an ideal drug target. This study focused on developing novel B-RafV600E inhibitors as drug leads against various cancers with B-RafV600E mutation. Using molecular modeling approaches, 200 blockbuster drugs were spliced to generate 283 fragments followed by molecular docking to identify potent fragments. Molecular structures of potential inhibitors of B-RafV600E were then obtained by fragment reassembly followed by docking to predict the bioactivity of the reassembled molecules. The structures with high predicted bioactivity were synthesized, followed by in vitro study to identify potent B-RafV600E inhibitors. A highly potent fragment binding to the hinge area of B-RafV600E was identified via a docking-based structural splicing approach. Using the fragment, 14 novel structures were designed by structural reassembly, two of which were predicted to be as strong as marketed B-RafV600E inhibitors. Biological evaluation revealed that compound 1m is a potent B-RafV600E inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.05 μmol/L, which was lower than that of vemurafenib (0.13 μmol/L). Moreover, the selectivity of 1m against B-RafWT was enhanced compared with vemurafenib. In addition, 1m exhibits desirable solubility, bioavailability and metabolic stability in in vitro assays. Thus, a highly potent and selective B-RafV600E inhibitor was designed via a docking-based structural splicing and reassembly strategy and was validated by medicinal synthesis and biological evaluation.
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A Novel Role for Brain Natriuretic Peptide: Inhibition of IL-1β Secretion via Downregulation of NF-kB/Erk 1/2 and NALP3/ASC/Caspase-1 Activation in Human THP-1 Monocyte. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:5858315. [PMID: 28331244 PMCID: PMC5346358 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5858315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a pleiotropic cytokine and a crucial mediator of inflammatory and immune responses. IL-1β processing and release are tightly controlled by complex pathways such as NF-kB/ERK1/2, to produce pro-IL-1β, and NALP3/ASC/Caspase-1 inflammasome, to produce the active secreted protein. Dysregulation of both IL-1β and its related pathways is involved in inflammatory/autoimmune disorders and in a wide range of other diseases. Identifying molecules modulating their expression is a crucial need to develop new therapeutic agents. IL-1β is a strong regulator of Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP), a hormone involved in cardiovascular homeostasis by guanylyl cyclase Natriuretic Peptide Receptor (NPR-1). An emerging role of BNP in inflammation and immunity, although proposed, remains largely unexplored. Here, we newly demonstrated that, in human THP-1 monocytes, LPS/ATP-induced IL-1β secretion is strongly inhibited by BNP/NPR-1/cGMP axis at all the molecular mechanisms that tightly control its production and release, NF-kB, ERK 1/2, and all the elements of NALP3/ASC/Caspase-1 inflammasome cascade, and that NALP3 inflammasome inhibition is directly related to BNP deregulatory effect on NF-kB/ERK 1/2 activation. Our findings reveal a novel potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory role for BNP and open new alleys of investigation for a possible employment of this endogenous agent in the treatment of inflammatory/immune-related and IL-1β/NF-kB/ERK1/2/NALP3/ASC/Caspase-1-associated diseases.
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Modulation of Ras/ERK and Phosphoinositide Signaling by Long-Chain n-3 PUFA in Breast Cancer and Their Potential Complementary Role in Combination with Targeted Drugs. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9030185. [PMID: 28241486 PMCID: PMC5372848 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A potential complementary role of the dietary long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn-3 PUFA) in combination with innovative mono-targeted therapies has recently been proposed. These compounds are thought to act pleiotropically to prevent the development and progression of a variety of cancers, including breast cancer. We hereinafter critically analyze the reports investigating the ability of LCn-3 PUFA to modulate the Ras/ERK and the phosphoinositide survival signaling pathways often aberrantly activated in breast cancer and representing the main targets of innovative therapies. The in vitro or in vivo animal and human interventional studies published up to January 2017 investigating the effects of LCn-3 PUFA on these pathways in normal and cancerous breast cells or tissues were identified through a systematic search of literature in the PubMed database. We found that, in most cases, both the in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated the ability of LCn-3 PUFA to inhibit the activation of these pro-survival pathways. Altogether, the analyzed results strongly suggest a potential role of LCn-3 PUFA as complementary agents in combination with mono-targeted therapies. Moreover, the results indicate the need for further in vitro and human interventional studies designed to unequivocally prove the potential adjuvant role of these fatty acids.
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32
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Marchev AS, Dimitrova P, Koycheva IK, Georgiev MI. Altered expression of TRAIL on mouse T cells via ERK phosphorylation by Rhodiola rosea L. and its marker compounds. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 108:419-428. [PMID: 28189478 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Rhodiola rosea L. extracts have shown neuroprotective, anti-fatigue, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties. However, the studies on their effect on T cell function are rather scarce. We examined the potential of R. rosea extract and its major constituents - salidroside, rosarin, rosavin and rosin to alter cell growth of human Jurkat T cells, apoptosis of splenic mouse CD3 T cells and expression of the surface markers and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). The initial screening for cell viability in Jurkat T cells and for apoptosis of mouse T cells showed the strongest activity for rosavin and rosarin. Rosarin and rosavin did not alter significantly the dynamic of CD69 expression upon stimulation, but altered TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) expression. Rosavin inhibited TRAIL up-regulation, while rosarin showed an opposite effect. Indeed, rosarin increased the frequencies of CD3+TRAIL+ T cells and the fold inhibition of ERK phosphorylation. Our data showed that different effects of rosarin and rosavin on TRAIL expression can involve distinct action on ERK signaling and hence highlighted their potential to manipulate TRAIL as a tool to rescue the resistance to apoptosis in autoimmune diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey S Marchev
- Group of Plant Cell Biotechnology and Metabolomics, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Petya Dimitrova
- Department of Immunology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Georgi Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivanka K Koycheva
- Group of Plant Cell Biotechnology and Metabolomics, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Milen I Georgiev
- Group of Plant Cell Biotechnology and Metabolomics, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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Abstract
Organotypic models are 3D in vitro representations of an in vivo environment. Their complexity can range from an epidermal replica to the establishment of a cancer microenvironment. These models have been used for many years, in an attempt to mimic the structure and function of cells and tissues found inside the body. Methods for developing 3D organotypic models differ according to the tissue of interest and the experimental design. For example, cultures may be grown submerged in culture medium and or at an air-liquid interface. Our group is focusing on an air-liquid interface 3D organotypic model. These cultures are grown on a nylon membrane-covered metal grid with the cells embedded in a Collagen-Matrigel gel. This allows cells to grow in an air-liquid interface to enable diffusion and nourishment from the medium below. Subsequently, the organotypic cultures can be used for immunohistochemical staining of various components of ERK signaling, which is a key player in mediating communication between cells and their microenvironment.
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Sautier B, Nising CF, Wortmann L. Fortschritte bei der Ras-Inhibition aus medizinisch-chemischer Perspektive. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201608270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brice Sautier
- Bayer Pharma AG, Drug Discovery; Medicinal Chemistry Berlin; Muellerstraße 178 13353 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Carl F. Nising
- Bayer Pharma AG, Drug Discovery; Medicinal Chemistry Berlin; Muellerstraße 178 13353 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Lars Wortmann
- Bayer Pharma AG, Drug Discovery; Medicinal Chemistry Berlin; Muellerstraße 178 13353 Berlin Deutschland
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Sautier B, Nising CF, Wortmann L. Latest Advances Towards Ras Inhibition: A Medicinal Chemistry Perspective. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:15982-15988. [PMID: 27635522 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201608270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their high occurrence rate across many human cancers and their lack of druggability so far, mutant forms of the signaling protein Ras are currently among the most attractive (and elusive) oncology targets. This strong appeal explains the sustained effort in the field, and the ensuing progress has rekindled optimism regarding the discovery of Ras inhibitors. In this Minireview, we discuss the most recent advances towards irreversible inhibitors, and highlight approaches to inhibitors of Ras-effector interactions that have been overshadowed by the current focus on direct Ras inhibition. At the same time, we provide a critical assessment from a medicinal chemistry perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Sautier
- Bayer Pharma AG, Drug Discovery, Medicinal Chemistry Berlin, Muellerstrasse 178, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carl F Nising
- Bayer Pharma AG, Drug Discovery, Medicinal Chemistry Berlin, Muellerstrasse 178, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Wortmann
- Bayer Pharma AG, Drug Discovery, Medicinal Chemistry Berlin, Muellerstrasse 178, 13353, Berlin, Germany
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Bernabé R, Patrao A, Carter L, Blackhall F, Dean E. Selumetinib in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. Future Oncol 2016; 12:2545-2560. [PMID: 27467210 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2016-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway regulates processes involved in the proliferation and survival of cells. KRAS mutations, prevalent in approximately 30% of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), result in constitutive activation of the pathway. Selumetinib (AZD6244, ARRY-142886) is a potent and selective inhibitor of MEK1/2 which has demonstrated significant efficacy in combination with docetaxel in patients with KRAS mutant pretreated advanced NSCLC. Several trials in combination with other chemotherapy and targeted therapy regimens in lung cancer are ongoing. We review the development of selumetinib in patients with NSCLC, summarize the pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic and tolerability characteristics, and the available clinical trial data to understand the role of selumetinib in the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyes Bernabé
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Hospital Valme, Seville, Spain
| | - Ana Patrao
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Fiona Blackhall
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Emma Dean
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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37
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Fischer PM. Approved and Experimental Small-Molecule Oncology Kinase Inhibitor Drugs: A Mid-2016 Overview. Med Res Rev 2016; 37:314-367. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter M. Fischer
- School of Pharmacy and Centre for Biomolecular Sciences; University of Nottingham; Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
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38
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Millet A, Martin AR, Ronco C, Rocchi S, Benhida R. Metastatic Melanoma: Insights Into the Evolution of the Treatments and Future Challenges. Med Res Rev 2016; 37:98-148. [PMID: 27569556 DOI: 10.1002/med.21404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer. While associated survival prognosis is good when diagnosed early, it dramatically drops when melanoma progresses into its metastatic form. Prior to 2011, the favored therapies include interleukin-2 and chemotherapies, regardless of their low efficiency and their toxicity. Following key biological findings, two new types of therapy have been approved. First, there are the targeted therapies, which rely on small molecule B-Raf and MEK inhibitors and allow the treatment of patients with B-Raf mutated melanoma. Second, there are the immunotherapies, with anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 antibodies that are used for patients harboring a B-Raf wild-type status. Both approaches have significantly improved patient survival, compared with alkylating agents, in the treatment of unresectable melanoma. Herein, we review the evolution of the treatment of melanoma starting from early discoveries to current therapies. A focus will be provided on drug discovery, synthesis, and mode of action of relevant drugs and the future directions of the domain to overcome the emergence of the resistance events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Millet
- Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR UNS-CNRS 7272, Nice, France
| | | | - Cyril Ronco
- Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR UNS-CNRS 7272, Nice, France
| | - Stéphane Rocchi
- INSERM, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Equipe Biologie et Pathologie des cellules mélanocytaires: de la pigmentation cutanée au mélanome, Nice, France.,Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, UFR de Médecine, Nice, France.,Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital Archet II, CHU Nice, France
| | - Rachid Benhida
- Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR UNS-CNRS 7272, Nice, France
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Papale A, Morella IM, Indrigo MT, Bernardi RE, Marrone L, Marchisella F, Brancale A, Spanagel R, Brambilla R, Fasano S. Impairment of cocaine-mediated behaviours in mice by clinically relevant Ras-ERK inhibitors. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27557444 PMCID: PMC4996650 DOI: 10.7554/elife.17111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ras-ERK signalling in the brain plays a central role in drug addiction. However, to date, no clinically relevant inhibitor of this cascade has been tested in experimental models of addiction, a necessary step toward clinical trials. We designed two new cell-penetrating peptides - RB1 and RB3 - that penetrate the brain and, in the micromolar range, inhibit phosphorylation of ERK, histone H3 and S6 ribosomal protein in striatal slices. Furthermore, a screening of small therapeutics currently in clinical trials for cancer therapy revealed PD325901 as a brain-penetrating drug that blocks ERK signalling in the nanomolar range. All three compounds have an inhibitory effect on cocaine-induced ERK activation and reward in mice. In particular, PD325901 persistently blocks cocaine-induced place preference and accelerates extinction following cocaine self-administration. Thus, clinically relevant, systemically administered drugs that attenuate Ras-ERK signalling in the brain may be valuable tools for the treatment of cocaine addiction. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.17111.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Papale
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ilaria Maria Morella
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rick Eugene Bernardi
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Livia Marrone
- Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS-San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Marchisella
- Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS-San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Brancale
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Rainer Spanagel
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Riccardo Brambilla
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Stefania Fasano
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The p90 ribosomal S6 kinases (RSK) are a family of Ser/Thr protein kinases that are downstream effectors of MEK1/2-ERK1/2. Increased RSK activation is implicated in the etiology of multiple pathologies, including numerous types of cancers, cardiovascular disease, liver and lung fibrosis, and infections. AREAS COVERED The review summarizes the patent and scientific literature on small molecule modulators of RSK and their potential use as therapeutics. The patents were identified using World Intellectual Property Organization and United States Patent and Trademark Office databases. The compounds described are predominantly RSK inhibitors, but a RSK activator is also described. The majority of the inhibitors are not RSK-specific. EXPERT OPINION Based on the overwhelming evidence that RSK is involved in a number of diseases that have high mortalities it seems surprising that there are no RSK modulators that have pharmacokinetic properties suitable for in vivo use. MEK1/2 inhibitors are in the clinic, but the efficacy of these compounds appears to be limited by their side effects. We hypothesize that targeting the downstream effectors of MEK1/2, like RSK, are an untapped source of drug targets and that they will generate less side effects than MEK1/2 inhibitors because they regulate fewer effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna A Ludwik
- a Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Deborah A Lannigan
- a Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA.,b Department of Cancer Biology , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
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Lead Discovery of Type II BRAF V600E Inhibitors Targeting the Structurally Validated DFG-Out Conformation Based upon Selected Fragments. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21070879. [PMID: 27438814 PMCID: PMC6272942 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of the first approved kinase inhibitor imatinib has spurred great interest in the development of type II inhibitors targeting the inactive DFG-out conformation, wherein the Phe of the DFG motif at the start of the activation loop points into the ATP binding site. Nevertheless, kinase inhibitors launched so far are heavily biased toward type I inhibitors targeting the active DFG-in conformation, wherein the Phe of the DFG motif flips by approximately 180° relative to the inactive conformation, resulting in Phe and Asp swapping their positions. Data recently obtained with structurally validated type II inhibitors supported the conclusion that type II inhibitors are more selective than type I inhibitors. In our type II BRAF V600E inhibitor lead discovery effort, we identified phenylaminopyrimidine (PAP) and unsymmetrically disubstituted urea as two fragments that are frequently presented in FDA-approved protein kinase inhibitors. We therefore defined PAP and unsymmetrically disubstituted urea as privileged fragments for kinase drug discovery. A pharmacophore for type II inhibitors, 4-phenylaminopyrimidine urea (4-PAPU), was assembled based upon these privileged fragments. Lead compound SI-046 with BRAF V600E inhibitory activity comparable to the template compound sorafenib was in turn obtained through preliminary structure-activity relationship (SAR) study. Molecular docking suggested that SI-046 is a bona fide type II kinase inhibitor binding to the structurally validated "classical DFG-out" conformation of BRAF V600E. Our privileged fragments-based approach was shown to efficiently deliver a bona fide type II kinase inhibitor lead. In essence, the theme of this article is to showcase the strategy and rationale of our approach.
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Lim J, Kelley EH, Methot JL, Zhou H, Petrocchi A, Chen H, Hill SE, Hinton MC, Hruza A, Jung JO, Maclean JKF, Mansueto M, Naumov GN, Philippar U, Raut S, Spacciapoli P, Sun D, Siliphaivanh P. Discovery of 1-(1H-Pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridin-6-yl)urea Inhibitors of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase (ERK) for the Treatment of Cancers. J Med Chem 2016; 59:6501-11. [PMID: 27329786 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The ERK/MAPK pathway plays a central role in the regulation of critical cellular processes and is activated in more than 30% of human cancers. Specific BRAF and MEK inhibitors have shown clinical efficacy in patients for the treatment of BRAF-mutant melanoma. However, the majority of responses are transient, and resistance is often associated with pathway reactivation of the ERK signal pathway. Acquired resistance to these agents has led to greater interest in ERK, a downstream target of the MAPK pathway. De novo design efforts of a novel scaffold derived from SCH772984 by employing hydrogen bond interactions specific for ERK in the binding pocket identified 1-(1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridin-6-yl)ureas as a viable lead series. Sequential SAR studies led to the identification of highly potent and selective ERK inhibitors with low molecular weight and high LE. Compound 21 exhibited potent target engagement and strong tumor regression in the BRAF(V600E) xenograft model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongwon Lim
- Departments of †Chemistry, ‡Oncology, §In Vitro Pharmacology, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, ⊥Chemistry Modeling and Informatics, #Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, and ∇Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc. , 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Elizabeth H Kelley
- Departments of †Chemistry, ‡Oncology, §In Vitro Pharmacology, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, ⊥Chemistry Modeling and Informatics, #Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, and ∇Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc. , 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Joey L Methot
- Departments of †Chemistry, ‡Oncology, §In Vitro Pharmacology, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, ⊥Chemistry Modeling and Informatics, #Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, and ∇Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc. , 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Hua Zhou
- Departments of †Chemistry, ‡Oncology, §In Vitro Pharmacology, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, ⊥Chemistry Modeling and Informatics, #Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, and ∇Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc. , 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Alessia Petrocchi
- Departments of †Chemistry, ‡Oncology, §In Vitro Pharmacology, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, ⊥Chemistry Modeling and Informatics, #Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, and ∇Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc. , 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Hongmin Chen
- Departments of †Chemistry, ‡Oncology, §In Vitro Pharmacology, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, ⊥Chemistry Modeling and Informatics, #Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, and ∇Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc. , 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Susan E Hill
- Departments of †Chemistry, ‡Oncology, §In Vitro Pharmacology, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, ⊥Chemistry Modeling and Informatics, #Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, and ∇Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc. , 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Marlene C Hinton
- Departments of †Chemistry, ‡Oncology, §In Vitro Pharmacology, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, ⊥Chemistry Modeling and Informatics, #Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, and ∇Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc. , 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Alan Hruza
- Departments of †Chemistry, ‡Oncology, §In Vitro Pharmacology, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, ⊥Chemistry Modeling and Informatics, #Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, and ∇Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc. , 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Joon O Jung
- Departments of †Chemistry, ‡Oncology, §In Vitro Pharmacology, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, ⊥Chemistry Modeling and Informatics, #Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, and ∇Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc. , 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - John K F Maclean
- Departments of †Chemistry, ‡Oncology, §In Vitro Pharmacology, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, ⊥Chemistry Modeling and Informatics, #Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, and ∇Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc. , 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - My Mansueto
- Departments of †Chemistry, ‡Oncology, §In Vitro Pharmacology, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, ⊥Chemistry Modeling and Informatics, #Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, and ∇Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc. , 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - George N Naumov
- Departments of †Chemistry, ‡Oncology, §In Vitro Pharmacology, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, ⊥Chemistry Modeling and Informatics, #Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, and ∇Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc. , 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Ulrike Philippar
- Departments of †Chemistry, ‡Oncology, §In Vitro Pharmacology, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, ⊥Chemistry Modeling and Informatics, #Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, and ∇Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc. , 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Shruti Raut
- Departments of †Chemistry, ‡Oncology, §In Vitro Pharmacology, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, ⊥Chemistry Modeling and Informatics, #Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, and ∇Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc. , 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Peter Spacciapoli
- Departments of †Chemistry, ‡Oncology, §In Vitro Pharmacology, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, ⊥Chemistry Modeling and Informatics, #Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, and ∇Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc. , 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Dongyu Sun
- Departments of †Chemistry, ‡Oncology, §In Vitro Pharmacology, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, ⊥Chemistry Modeling and Informatics, #Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, and ∇Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc. , 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Phieng Siliphaivanh
- Departments of †Chemistry, ‡Oncology, §In Vitro Pharmacology, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, ⊥Chemistry Modeling and Informatics, #Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, and ∇Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc. , 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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Kyosseva SV. Targeting MAPK Signaling in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. OPHTHALMOLOGY AND EYE DISEASES 2016; 8:23-30. [PMID: 27385915 PMCID: PMC4920203 DOI: 10.4137/oed.s32200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of irreversible blindness affecting elderly people in the world. AMD is a complex multifactorial disease associated with demographic, genetics, and environmental risk factors. It is well established that oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis play critical roles in the pathogenesis of AMD. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways are activated by diverse extracellular stimuli, including growth factors, mitogens, hormones, cytokines, and different cellular stressors such as oxidative stress. They regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. This review addresses the novel findings from human and animal studies on the relationship of MAPK signaling with AMD. The use of specific MAPK inhibitors may represent a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of this debilitating eye disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana V Kyosseva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Discovery and structure activity relationship study of novel indazole amide inhibitors for extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2600-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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