Rat intestinal sucrase inhibited by minor constituents from the leaves and twigs of Archidendron clypearia (Jack.) Nielsen

Traditional Herbal Medicine Pithecellobium clypearia (Jack) Benth: Research progress in chemical constituents and pharmacological activities

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE

Pithecellobium clypearia, a traditional herbal medicine, has garnered widespread attention for its significant anti-infective benefits. However, there is currently a lack of comprehensive reviews examining the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of P. clypearia.

AIMS OF THE STUDY

This review aims to investigate the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of P. clypearia, and to explore its potential for wider medical applications through the synthesis of these findings.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The Web of Science, PubMed, CNKI, Google Scholar, and WanFang databases were searched for Pithecellobium clypearia, Using "Pithecellobium clypearia", "Archidendron clypearia", "pharmacology", "chemical composition" and "biological activity", as the keywords, we summarized the main chemical compositions and pathological mechanisms of P. clypearia.

RESULTS

A total of 129 compounds were isolated from P. clypearia, the primary active components identified include flavonoids, polysaccharides, lignins, triterpenoids, steroids, and phenolic acids. These compounds contribute to the medicinal plant's diverse pharmacological effects, which include antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties. P. clypearia presents great potential, especially in its antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects, indicating its valuable role in future therapeutic strategies.

CONCLUSION

P. clypearia has demonstrated effectiveness and safety in treating various respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases. It shows good monotherapy efficacy and significantly enhances overall treatment outcomes when used in combination therapy. P. clypearia is a valuable treatment option for patients of different age groups and provides a safe and effective alternative in various clinical settings.

C13-Norisoprenoid megastigmanes: Biosynthesis, classification, natural sources, biological activities, and structure-activity relationship - A comprehensive review

C13-Norisoprenoid megastigmanes are a currently expanding class of secondary metabolites originating from the oxidative degradation of carotenoids such as lutein and neoxanthin. These metabolites have been isolated either in free, glycosidically bound forms or as acylated derivatives from a wide diversity of the plant kingdom. The classification of megastigmanes depends on the diversity of the oxygenation positions and the biogenetic origin. These compounds play a crucial role in imparting wine with its characteristic variant flavors, and they are potentially important flavoring agents for the food and pharmaceutical industries. Striking examples for the class are the unusually potent fragrances β-ionone, β-damascenone, and megastigmatrienone. The literature highlighted several compounds that need further development and optimization for drug discovery programs of hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cytotoxic, anti-melanogenic, and cholesterol and triglycerides metabolism-promoting drugs. This comprehensive review focuses on classification, biosynthesis, distribution in natural sources, and chemical structures, the studied biological activities, as well as the structure-activity relationship of the new natural C13-norisoprenoid megastigmanes. A total of 800 C13-norisoprenoid megastigmanes were covered from the first reported isolation of megastigmanes up to December 2024 and 355 references are cited.

A review of the ethnomedicinal uses, chemistry, and pharmacological properties of the genus Acanthus (Acanthaceae)

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE

The Acanthus genus belongs to the Acanthaceae family, and its species are distributed in all continents, mainly in tropical and subtropical regions. Several traditional applications are referred to, but few scientific studies validate them. Despite this, studies in animal models corroborate some of its uses in folk medicine, such as anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antinociceptive, which encourages the research on plants of this genus.

AIM OF THE REVIEW

To our knowledge, this document is the first comprehensive review study that provides information on the geographic distribution, botanical characteristics, ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemicals, and pharmacological activities of some Acanthus species to understand the correlation between traditional uses, phytochemical, and pharmacological activities, providing perspectives for future studies.

RESULTS

In traditional medicine, Acanthus species are mainly used for diseases of respiratory, nervous and reproductive system, gastrointestinal and urinary tract, and skin illness. The most used species are A. montanus, A. ilicifolius, and A. ebracteatus. Chemical compounds (125) from different chemical classes were isolated and identified in seven species, mainly from A. ilicifolius, about 80, followed by A. ebracteatus and A. montanus, appearing with a slightly lower number with fewer phytochemical profile studies. Isolated phytoconstituents have been mainly alkaloids, phenylpropanoid glycosides, and phenylethanoids. In addition, aliphatic glycosides, flavonoids, lignan glycosides, megastigmane derivatives, triterpenoids, steroids, fatty acids, alcohols, hydroxybenzoic acids, simple phenols were also cited. Scientific studies from Acanthus species extracts and their phytoconstituents support their ethnomedical uses. Antimicrobial activity that is the most studied, followed by the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties, underlie many Acanthus species activities. A. dioscoridis, A. ebracteatus, A. hirsutus, A. ilicifolius, A. mollis, A. montanus, and A. polystachyus have studies on these activities, A. ilicifolius being the one with the most publications. Most studies were essentially performed in vitro. However, the anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties have been studied in vivo.

CONCLUSION

Acanthus species have remarkable phytoconstituents with different biological activities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, hepatoprotective, and leishmanicidal, supporting traditional uses of some species. However, many others remain unexplored. Future studies should focus on these species, especially pharmacological properties, toxicity, and action mechanisms. This review provides a comprehensive report on Acanthus genus plants, evidencing their therapeutic potential and prospects for discovering new safe and effective drugs from Acanthus species.

Complete chloroplast genome sequence of Pithecellobium clypearia (Jack) Benth

Pithecellobium clypearia (Jack) Benth. 1844 belongs to the genus Pithecellobium in the family Fabaceae. The complete chloroplast genome of P. clypearia was sequenced and analyzed by Illumina sequencing in this study. The full length of the complete chloroplast genome is 176,770 bp, containing a pair of inverted repeat regions of 39,693 bp (IRa and IRb) separated by a large single-copy (LSC) region of 92,500 bp and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 4,884 bp. The P. clypearia chloroplast genome encodes 137 genes, comprising 92 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on complete chloroplast genomes revealed that P. clypearia is closely related to Archidendron lucyi and Pithecellobium flexicaule. This study provides useful resources for further study and development of this species.

A new dilignan from the twigs and leaves of Archidendron clypearia

Previous work has shown that the lignans from the twigs and leaves of Archidendron clypearia (Jack) I.C.N. possess anti-β-amyloid aggregation activity. Here we report a new dilignan, archidendronin A (1), along with one known sesquilignan (2). Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic methods, including UV, HRESIMS, 1 D and 2 D NMR data. The inhibitory activity on Aβ_1-42 aggregation was screened by ThT assay with curcumin as the positive control, and compounds 1 and 2 showed inhibition rate of 60.0% and 64.4% at 20 μM, respectively.[Formula: see text].