1
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Jin H, Cui D, Fan Y, Li G, Zhong Z, Wang Y. Recent advances in bioaffinity strategies for preclinical and clinical drug discovery: Screening natural products, small molecules and antibodies. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103885. [PMID: 38278476 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Bioaffinity drug screening strategies have gained popularity in preclinical and clinical drug discovery for natural products, small molecules and antibodies owing to their superior selectivity, the large number of compounds to be screened and their ability to minimize the time and expenses of the drug discovery process. This paper provides a systematic summary of the principles of commonly used bioaffinity-based screening methods, elaborates on the success of bioaffinity in clinical drug development and summarizes the active compounds, preclinical drugs and marketed drugs obtained through affinity screening methods. Owing to the high demand for new drugs, bioaffinity-guided screening techniques will play a greater part in clinical drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haochun Jin
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Dianxin Cui
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China; Zhuhai UM Science and Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai 519031, China
| | - Guodong Li
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China; Zhuhai UM Science and Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai 519031, China.
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China.
| | - Yitao Wang
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China.
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2
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Eckhardt KS, Münzel T, Gräb J, Berg T. Stafiba: A STAT5-Selective Small-Molecule Inhibitor. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202200553. [PMID: 36300584 PMCID: PMC10099813 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factors STAT5a and STAT5b are constitutively active in many human tumors. Combined inhibition of both STAT5 proteins is a valuable approach with promising applications in tumor biology. We recently reported resorcinol bisphosphate as a moderately active inhibitor of the protein-protein interaction domains, the SH2 domains, of both STAT5a and STAT5b. Here, we describe the development of resorcinol bisphosphate to Stafiba, a phosphatase-stable inhibitor of STAT5a and STAT5b with activity in the low micromolar concentration range. Our data provide insights into the structure-activity relationships of resorcinol bisphosphates and the corresponding bisphosphonates for use as inhibitors of both STAT5a and STAT5b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin S Eckhardt
- Leipzig University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Theresa Münzel
- Leipzig University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julian Gräb
- Leipzig University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thorsten Berg
- Leipzig University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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3
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Berg A, Gräb J, Klüver B, Berg T. Dissecting Selectivity Determinants of Small-Molecule Inhibitors of SH2 Domains Via Fluorescence Polarization Assays. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2705:225-238. [PMID: 37668977 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3393-9_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence polarization (FP) assays can be used to identify small-molecule inhibitors that bind to SH2 domain-containing proteins. We have developed FP assays by which to identify inhibitors of the SH2 domains of the two closely-related transcription factors STAT5a and STAT5b. Point mutation of selected amino acids in the putative binding site of the protein is a valuable tool by which to gain insight into the molecular mechanism of binding. In this chapter, we describe the cloning and application of point mutant proteins in order to transfer the binding preference of selected SH2 domain-binding STAT5b inhibitors to STAT5a, with results that highlight the importance of considering a role for residues outside the SH2 domain in contributing to the binding interactions of SH2 domain inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Berg
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julian Gräb
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Barbara Klüver
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thorsten Berg
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
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4
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Bartolo ND, Mortimer N, Manter MA, Sanchez N, Riley M, O'Malley TT, Hooker JM. Identification and Prioritization of PET Neuroimaging Targets for Microglial Phenotypes Associated with Microglial Activity in Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:3641-3660. [PMID: 36473177 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of microglial cells accompanies the progression of many neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Development of molecular imaging tools specific to microglia can help elucidate the mechanism through which microglia contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative disorders. Through analysis of published genetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data sets, we identified 19 genes with microglia-specific expression that we then ranked based on association with the AD characteristics, change in expression, and potential druggability of the target. We believe that the process we used to identify and rank microglia-specific genes is broadly applicable to the identification and evaluation of targets in other disease areas and for applications beyond molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D Bartolo
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Niall Mortimer
- Human Biology and Data Science, Eisai Center for Genetics Guided Dementia Discovery, 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Mariah A Manter
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Nicholas Sanchez
- Human Biology and Data Science, Eisai Center for Genetics Guided Dementia Discovery, 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Misha Riley
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Tiernan T O'Malley
- Human Biology and Data Science, Eisai Center for Genetics Guided Dementia Discovery, 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Jacob M Hooker
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
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A High-Throughput Fluorescence Polarization-Based Assay for the SH2 Domain of STAT4. Methods Protoc 2022; 5:mps5060093. [PMID: 36548135 PMCID: PMC9781101 DOI: 10.3390/mps5060093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The signal transducer and activation of transcription (STAT) proteins are a family of Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing transcription factors. The family member STAT4 is a mediator of IL-12 signalling and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple autoimmune diseases. The activity of STAT4 requires binding of phosphotyrosine-containing motifs to its SH2 domain. Selective inhibitors of the STAT4 SH2 domain have not been published to date. Here, we present a fluorescence polarization-based assay for the identification of inhibitors of the STAT4 SH2 domain. The assay is based on the interaction between the STAT4 SH2 domain and the fluorophore-labelled peptide 5-carboxyfluorescein-GpYLPQNID (Kd = 34 ± 4 nM). The assay is stable with respect to DMSO concentrations of up to 10% and incubation times of at least 8 h. The Z'-value of 0.85 ± 0.01 indicates that the assay is suited for use in high-throughput screening campaigns aimed at identifying new therapeutic modalities for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Kaur R, Deb PK, Diwan V, Saini B. Heparanase Inhibitors in Cancer Progression: Recent Advances. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:43-68. [PMID: 33185156 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201113105250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An endo-β-glucuronidase enzyme, Heparanase (HPSE), degrades the side chains of polymeric heparan sulfate (HS), a glycosaminoglycan formed by alternate repetitive units of D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid/L-iduronic acid. HS is a major component of the extracellular matrix and basement membranes and has been implicated in processes of the tissue's integrity and functional state. The degradation of HS by HPSE enzyme leads to conditions like inflammation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. An elevated HPSE expression with a poor prognosis and its multiple roles in tumor growth and metastasis has attracted significant interest for its inhibition as a potential anti-neoplastic target. METHODS We reviewed the literature from journal publication websites and electronic databases such as Bentham, Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, USFDA, etc., about HPSE, its structure, functions, and role in cancer. RESULTS The present review is focused on Heparanase inhibitors (HPIns) that have been isolated from natural resources or chemically synthesized as new therapeutics for metastatic tumors and chronic inflammatory diseases in recent years. The recent developments made in the HPSE structure and function are also discussed, which can lead to the future design of HPIns with more potency and specificity for the target. CONCLUSION HPIns can be a better target to be explored against various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajwinder Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Pran Kishore Deb
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, Philadelphia, Jordan
| | - Vishal Diwan
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Balraj Saini
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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Attri A, Thakur D, Kaur T, Sensale S, Peng Z, Kumar D, Singh RP. Nanoparticles Incorporating a Fluorescence Turn-on Reporter for Real-Time Drug Release Monitoring, a Chemoenhancer and a Stealth Agent: Poseidon's Trident against Cancer? Mol Pharm 2020; 18:124-147. [PMID: 33346663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The rate and extent of drug release under physiological conditions is a key factor influencing the therapeutic activity of a formulation. Real-time detection of drug release by conventional pharmacokinetics approaches is confounded by low sensitivity, particularly in the case of tissue-targeted novel drug delivery systems, where low concentrations of the drug reach systemic circulation. We present a novel fluorescence turn-on platform for real-time monitoring of drug release from nanoparticles based on reversible fluorescence quenching in fluorescein esters. Fluorescein-conjugated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were esterified with methotrexate in solution and solid phase, followed by supramolecular functionalization with a chemoenhancer (suramin) or/and a stealth agent (dextran sulfate). Suramin was found to increase the cytotoxicity of methotrexate in A549 cells. On the other hand, dextran sulfate exhibited no effect on cytotoxicity or cellular uptake of CNTs by A549 cells, while a decrease in cellular uptake of CNTs and cytotoxicity of methotrexate was observed in macrophages (RAW 264.7 cells). Similar results were also obtained when CNTs were replaced with graphene. Docking studies revealed that the conjugates are not internalized by folate receptors/transporters. Further, docking and molecular dynamics studies revealed the conjugates do not exhibit affinity toward the methotrexate target, dihydrofolate reductase. Molecular dynamics studies also revealed that distinct features of dextran-CNT and suramin-CNT interactions, characterized by π-π interactions between CNTs and dextran/suramin. Our study provides a simple, cost-effective, and scalable method for the synthesis of nanoparticles conferred with the ability to monitor drug release in real-time. This method could also be extended to other drugs and other types of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Attri
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173 221, India
| | - Deepak Thakur
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173 221, India
| | - Taranpreet Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Government Mohindra College, Patiala, Punjab 147 001, India
| | - Sebastian Sensale
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5637, United States
| | - Zhangli Peng
- Center for Bioinformatics and Quantitative Biology, Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Deepak Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173 221, India
| | - Raman Preet Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173 221, India.,Department of Pharmacy, Government Polytechnic College, Bathinda, Punjab 151 001, India
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Hou X, Sun M, Bao T, Xie X, Wei F, Wang S. Recent advances in screening active components from natural products based on bioaffinity techniques. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:1800-1813. [PMID: 33163336 PMCID: PMC7606101 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products have provided numerous lead compounds for drug discovery. However, the traditional analytical methods cannot detect most of these active components, especially at their usual low concentrations, from complex natural products. Herein, we reviewed the recent technological advances (2015–2019) related to the separation and screening bioactive components from natural resources, especially the emerging screening methods based on the bioaffinity techniques, including biological chromatography, affinity electrophoresis, affinity mass spectroscopy, and the latest magnetic and optical methods. These screening methods are uniquely advanced compared to other traditional methods, and they can fish out the active components from complex natural products because of the affinity between target and components, without tedious separation works. Therefore, these new tools can reduce the time and cost of the drug discovery process and accelerate the development of more effective and better-targeted therapeutic agents.
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Key Words
- AAs, amaryllidaceous alkaloids
- ABCA1, ATP-binding cassette transporter A1
- ACE, affinity capillary electrophoresis
- APTES, 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane
- ASMS, affinity selection mass spectrometry
- Active components
- Bioaffinity techniques
- CMC, Cell membrane chromatography
- CMMCNTs, Cell membrane magnetic carbon nanotube
- CMSP, Cell membrane stationary phase
- CNT, carbon nanotubes
- ChE, cholesterol efflux
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- FP, fluorescence polarization
- Fe3O4–NH2, aminated magnetic nanoparticles
- HCS, high content screen
- HTS, high throughout screen
- HUVEC, human umbilical vein endothelial cells
- IMER, immobilized enzyme microreactor
- MAO-B, monoamine oxidases B
- MNP, immobilized on nanoparticles
- MPTS, 3-mercaptopropyl-trimethoxysilane
- MS, mass spectrometry
- MSPE, magnetic solid-phase extraction
- Natural products
- PD, Parkinson's disease
- PMG, physcion-8-O-β-d-monoglucoside
- RGD, arginine-glycine-aspartic acid
- SPR, surface plasmon resonance
- STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- Screening
- TCMs, traditional Chinese medicines
- TYR, tyrosinase
- TYR-MNPs, tyrosinase-immobilized magnetic nanoparticles
- Topo I, topoisomerase I
- UF, affinity ultrafiltration
- XOD, xanthine oxidase
- α1A-AR, α1A-adrenergic receptor
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Gräb J, Berg T. The Selectivity of Fosfosal for STAT5b over STAT5a is Mediated by Arg566 in the Linker Domain. Chembiochem 2020; 21:2264-2267. [PMID: 32227557 PMCID: PMC7496286 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fosfosal is the O-phosphorylated derivative of salicylic acid, with documented clinical use as a prodrug for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. We recently discovered that fosfosal itself inhibits the protein-protein interaction domain, the SH2 domain, of the tumor-related transcription factor STAT5b. Here, we demonstrate that fosfosal is selective for STAT5b over its close homologue STAT5a. This selectivity is mediated by the STAT5b residue Arg566, located in the SH2 domain-adjacent linker domain. Our data provide further evidence for the role of the STAT linker domain in determining the activity of small molecules against the SH2 domain. We present a refined binding model for fosfosal and STAT5b, which can serve as the basis for the development of fosfosal-based STAT5b inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Gräb
- Leipzig University, Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannisallee 2904103LeipzigGermany
| | - Thorsten Berg
- Leipzig University, Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannisallee 2904103LeipzigGermany
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10
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Natarajan K, Müller-Klieser D, Rubner S, Berg T. Stafia-1: a STAT5a-Selective Inhibitor Developed via Docking-Based Screening of in Silico O-Phosphorylated Fragments. Chemistry 2019; 26:148-154. [PMID: 31503360 PMCID: PMC6973011 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We present a new approach for the identification of inhibitors of phosphorylation-dependent protein-protein interaction domains, in which phenolic fragments are adapted by in silico O-phosphorylation before docking-based screening. From a database of 10 369 180 compounds, we identified 85 021 natural product-derived phenolic fragments, which were virtually O-phosphorylated and screened for in silico binding to the STAT3 SH2 domain. Nine screening hits were then synthesized, eight of which showed a degree of in vitro inhibition of STAT3. After analysis of its selectivity profile, the most potent inhibitor was then developed to Stafia-1, the first small molecule shown to preferentially inhibit the STAT family member STAT5a over the close homologue STAT5b. A phosphonate prodrug based on Stafia-1 inhibited STAT5a with selectivity over STAT5b in human leukemia cells, providing the first demonstration of selective in vitro and intracellular inhibition of STAT5a by a small-molecule inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalaiselvi Natarajan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Müller-Klieser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Rubner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thorsten Berg
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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11
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Paulson CN, John K, Baxley RM, Kurniawan F, Orellana K, Francis R, Sobeck A, Eichman BF, Chazin WJ, Aihara H, Georg GI, Hawkinson JE, Bielinsky AK. The anti-parasitic agent suramin and several of its analogues are inhibitors of the DNA binding protein Mcm10. Open Biol 2019; 9:190117. [PMID: 31409229 PMCID: PMC6731595 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.190117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Minichromosome maintenance protein 10 (Mcm10) is essential for DNA unwinding by the replisome during S phase. It is emerging as a promising anti-cancer target as MCM10 expression correlates with tumour progression and poor clinical outcomes. Here we used a competition-based fluorescence polarization (FP) high-throughput screening (HTS) strategy to identify compounds that inhibit Mcm10 from binding to DNA. Of the five active compounds identified, only the anti-parasitic agent suramin exhibited a dose-dependent decrease in replication products in an in vitro replication assay. Structure–activity relationship evaluation identified several suramin analogues that inhibited ssDNA binding by the human Mcm10 internal domain and full-length Xenopus Mcm10, including analogues that are selective for Mcm10 over human RPA. Binding of suramin analogues to Mcm10 was confirmed by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). SPR and FP affinity determinations were highly correlated, with a similar rank between affinity and potency for killing colon cancer cells. Suramin analogue NF157 had the highest human Mcm10 binding affinity (FP Ki 170 nM, SPR KD 460 nM) and cell activity (IC50 38 µM). Suramin and its analogues are the first identified inhibitors of Mcm10 and probably block DNA binding by mimicking the DNA sugar phosphate backbone due to their extended, polysulfated anionic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn N Paulson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery & Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
| | - Kristen John
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery & Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
| | - Ryan M Baxley
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Fredy Kurniawan
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kayo Orellana
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Rawle Francis
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery & Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
| | - Alexandra Sobeck
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Brandt F Eichman
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Biochemistry, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Walter J Chazin
- Departments of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Hideki Aihara
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Gunda I Georg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery & Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
| | - Jon E Hawkinson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery & Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
| | - Anja-Katrin Bielinsky
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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12
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Berg A, Sperl B, Berg T. ATP Inhibits the Transcription Factor STAT5b. Chembiochem 2019; 20:2227-2231. [PMID: 30985989 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although naturally occurring low-molecular-weight compounds have many known roles within the cell, these do not usually involve the direct inhibition of protein-protein interactions. Based on the results of high-throughput screening of a library of bioactive compounds and neurotransmitters, we report here that the four nucleoside triphosphates ATP, GTP, CTP and UTP inhibit the SH2 domain of the tumor-related transcription factor STAT5b. ATP and GTP are the most active nucleoside triphosphates and show specificity for STAT5b over STAT5a, STAT3, STAT6 and the p53-binding protein HDM2. As the inhibition constant of ATP against STAT5b is significantly lower than published values for the intracellular ATP concentration, our data suggest that ATP might inhibit the protein-protein interactions of STAT5b in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Berg
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bianca Sperl
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Thorsten Berg
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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13
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Mohan CD, Hari S, Preetham HD, Rangappa S, Barash U, Ilan N, Nayak SC, Gupta VK, Basappa, Vlodavsky I, Rangappa KS. Targeting Heparanase in Cancer: Inhibition by Synthetic, Chemically Modified, and Natural Compounds. iScience 2019; 15:360-390. [PMID: 31103854 PMCID: PMC6548846 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparanase is an endoglycosidase involved in remodeling the extracellular matrix and thereby in regulating multiple cellular processes and biological activities. It cleaves heparan sulfate (HS) side chains of HS proteoglycans into smaller fragments and hence regulates tissue morphogenesis, differentiation, and homeostasis. Heparanase is overexpressed in various carcinomas, sarcomas, and hematological malignancies, and its upregulation correlates with increased tumor size, tumor angiogenesis, enhanced metastasis, and poor prognosis. In contrast, knockdown or inhibition of heparanase markedly attenuates tumor progression, further underscoring the potential of anti-heparanase therapy. Heparanase inhibitors were employed to interfere with tumor progression in preclinical studies, and selected heparin mimetics are being examined in clinical trials. However, despite tremendous efforts, the discovery of heparanase inhibitors with high clinical benefit and minimal adverse effects remains a therapeutic challenge. This review discusses the key roles of heparanase in cancer progression focusing on the status of natural, chemically modified, and synthetic heparanase inhibitors in various types of malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Swetha Hari
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
| | - Habbanakuppe D Preetham
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
| | - Shobith Rangappa
- Adichunchanagiri Institute for Molecular Medicine, AIMS Campus, B. G. Nagar, Nagamangala Taluk, Mandya District 571448, India
| | - Uri Barash
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Neta Ilan
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - S Chandra Nayak
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
| | - Vijai K Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, ERA Chair of Green Chemistry, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Basappa
- Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel.
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Gräb J, Berg A, Blechschmidt L, Klüver B, Rubner S, Fu DY, Meiler J, Gräber M, Berg T. The STAT5b Linker Domain Mediates the Selectivity of Catechol Bisphosphates for STAT5b over STAT5a. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:796-805. [PMID: 30835430 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
STAT family proteins are important mediators of cell signaling and represent therapeutic targets for the treatment of human diseases. Most STAT inhibitors target the protein-protein interaction domain, the SH2 domain, but specificity for a single STAT protein is often limited. Recently, we developed catechol bisphosphates as the first inhibitors of STAT5b demonstrated to exhibit a high degree of selectivity over the close homologue STAT5a. Here, we show that the amino acid in position 566 of the linker domain, not the SH2 domain, is the main determinant of specificity. Arg566 in wild-type STAT5b favors tight binding of catechol bisphosphates, while Trp566 in wild-type STAT5a does not. Amino acid 566 also determines the affinity for a tyrosine-phosphorylated peptide derived from the EPO receptor for STAT5a and STAT5b, demonstrating the functional relevance of the STAT5 linker domain for the adjacent SH2 domain. These results provide the first demonstration that a residue in the linker domain can determine the affinity of nonpeptidic small-molecule inhibitors for the SH2 domain of STAT proteins. We propose targeting the interface between the SH2 domain and linker domain as a novel design approach for the development of potent and selective STAT inhibitors. In addition, our data suggest that the linker domain could contribute to the enigmatically divergent biological functions of the two STAT5 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Gräb
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Angela Berg
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Linda Blechschmidt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Barbara Klüver
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Rubner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Darwin Y. Fu
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, 465 21st Avenue South, BIOSCI/MRBIII, Nashville, Tennessee 37221, United States
| | - Jens Meiler
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, 465 21st Avenue South, BIOSCI/MRBIII, Nashville, Tennessee 37221, United States
| | - Martin Gräber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thorsten Berg
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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