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Xia ZY, Sun MM, Jin Y, Su MZ, Li SW, Wang H, Guo YW. Four uncommon cycloamphilectane-type diterpenoids with antibacterial activity from the South China Sea soft coral Sinularia brassica. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 219:113960. [PMID: 38159620 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The chemical investigation on the soft coral Sinularia brassica collected off Xuwen Country, Guangdong Province, China, has resulted in the isolation and characterization of three uncommon cycloamphilectane-type diterpenoids, namely sinucycloamtin A-C (1-3), along with two known analogues (5 and 6). In addition, compounds 2 and 3 were hydrolyzed and their hydrolytic derivative sinucycloamtin D (4) was obtained. The structures of these previously undescribed compounds were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, chemical conversion, as well as the comparison with the literature reported data. Compounds 1-3 represented the first examples of benzene-containing cycloamphilectane-type diterpenoids isolated from soft coral of genus Sinularia. In the in vitro bioassays, all the isolated and derived diterpenoids exhibited significant antibacterial activities against the fish pathogenic bacteria Phoyobacterium damselae FP2244 and Streptococcus parauberis SPOF3K with MIC90 values ranging from 3.7 to 9.1 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yi Xia
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, 264117, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals and College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Man-Man Sun
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, 264117, China
| | - Yang Jin
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, 264117, China
| | - Ming-Zhi Su
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, 264117, China
| | - Song-Wei Li
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Hong Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals and College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Yue-Wei Guo
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, 264117, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals and College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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Xu T, Yu DD, Su MZ, Yao LG, Li SW, Guo YW. Two new compounds from the Hainan Soft Corals Sinularia tumulosa and Sinularia depressa with their anti-inflammatory or cytotoxic activities. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2023; 25:949-956. [PMID: 37624873 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2023.2181164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The detailed chemical investigations of the South China Sea soft corals Sinularia tumulosa and Sinularia depressa, yielded two new compounds, namely tumulosterol A (1) and 11'-hydroxy-α-tocopherylquinone (3), along with four related known ones (2, 5-7). Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis and comparison with the spectral data previously reported in the literature. In bioassays, compound 1 displayed significant cytotoxic effects against H1975 and MDA-MB-231 cells with IC50 values of 6.0 and 6.3 µM, respectively. In addition, compound 3 exhibited interesting inhibitory effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells with IC50 value of 9.5 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dan-Dan Yu
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai 264117, China
| | - Ming-Zhi Su
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai 264117, China
| | - Li-Gong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Song-Wei Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals and College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yue-Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai 264117, China
- Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
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3
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Nguyen NBA, El-Shazly M, Chen PJ, Peng BR, Chen LY, Hwang TL, Lai KH. Unlocking the Potential of Octocoral-Derived Secondary Metabolites against Neutrophilic Inflammatory Response. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:456. [PMID: 37623737 PMCID: PMC10455653 DOI: 10.3390/md21080456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a critical defense mechanism that is utilized by the body to protect itself against pathogens and other noxious invaders. However, if the inflammatory response becomes exaggerated or uncontrollable, its original protective role is not only demolished but it also becomes detrimental to the affected tissues or even to the entire body. Thus, regulating the inflammatory process is crucial to ensure that it is resolved promptly to prevent any subsequent damage. The role of neutrophils in inflammation has been highlighted in recent decades by a plethora of studies focusing on neutrophilic inflammatory diseases as well as the mechanisms to regulate the activity of neutrophils during the overwhelmed inflammatory process. As natural products have demonstrated promising effects in a wide range of pharmacological activities, they have been investigated for the discovery of new anti-inflammatory therapeutics to overcome the drawbacks of current synthetic agents. Octocorals have attracted scientists as a plentiful source of novel and intriguing marine scaffolds that exhibit many pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory effects. In this review, we aim to provide a summary of the neutrophilic anti-inflammatory properties of these marine organisms that were demonstrated in 46 studies from 1995 to the present (April 2023). We hope the present work offers a comprehensive overview of the anti-inflammatory potential of octocorals and encourages researchers to identify promising leads among numerous compounds isolated from octocorals over the past few decades to be further developed into anti-inflammatory therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Bao An Nguyen
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (N.B.A.N.); (B.-R.P.); (L.-Y.C.)
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street, Abassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Po-Jen Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan;
| | - Bo-Rong Peng
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (N.B.A.N.); (B.-R.P.); (L.-Y.C.)
| | - Lo-Yun Chen
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (N.B.A.N.); (B.-R.P.); (L.-Y.C.)
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Hung Lai
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (N.B.A.N.); (B.-R.P.); (L.-Y.C.)
- PhD Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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4
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Nguyen NBA, Chen LY, El-Shazly M, Peng BR, Su JH, Wu HC, Lee IT, Lai KH. Towards Sustainable Medicinal Resources through Marine Soft Coral Aquaculture: Insights into the Chemical Diversity and the Biological Potential. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20100640. [PMID: 36286463 PMCID: PMC9604854 DOI: 10.3390/md20100640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, aquaculture techniques for soft corals have made remarkable progress in terms of conditions and productivity. Researchers have been able to obtain larger quantities of soft corals, thus larger quantities of biologically active metabolites, allowing them to study their biological activity in many pharmacological assays and even produce sufficient quantities for clinical trials. In this review, we summarize 201 secondary metabolites that have been identified from cultured soft corals in the era from 2002 to September 2022. Various types of diterpenes (eunicellins, cembranes, spatanes, norcembranes, briaranes, and aquarianes), as well as biscembranes, sterols, and quinones were discovered and subjected to bioactivity investigations in 53 different studies. We also introduce a more in-depth discussion of the potential biological effects (anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial) and the mechanisms of action of the identified secondary metabolites. We hope this review will shed light on the untapped potential applications of aquaculture to produce valuable secondary metabolites to tackle current and emerging health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Bao An Nguyen
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Lo-Yun Chen
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street, Abassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Bo-Rong Peng
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hsin Su
- National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Cheng Wu
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - I-Ta Lee
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Hung Lai
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 6157)
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Savić MP, Sakač MN, Kuzminac IZ, Ajduković JJ. Structural diversity of bioactive steroid compounds isolated from soft corals in the period 2015-2020. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 218:106061. [PMID: 35031429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Marine soft corals are known as a good source of biologically active compounds, among which a large number of steroid compounds are identified. Structures and activities of these compounds have been used in drug discovery and development. From 2015 to 2020, 179 new steroid compounds were isolated from soft corals and structurally characterized. In this review, we report the structural classification and bioactivities of these compounds. The largest group of steroids from soft corals are hydroxysteroids, while the most common biological activity is anticancer. Besides, anticancer hydroxysteroids from soft corals exhibit anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity. Unlike anticancer and antibacterial activity that can be observed in a number of steroid classes, antioxidant activity and antileishmanial effect were observed only in 19-oxygenated steroids, antiviral activity in pregnane-type steroids and spirosteroids, immunosuppressive activity in epoxy- and epidioxysteroids, and antibacterial activity in two steroid classes, hydroxysteroids and ketosteroids. This systematically analyzed link between the structure and activity of natural marine steroids is a good starting point for future drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina P Savić
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Marija N Sakač
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ivana Z Kuzminac
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Jovana J Ajduković
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
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6
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Cerri F, Saliu F, Maggioni D, Montano S, Seveso D, Lavorano S, Zoia L, Gosetti F, Lasagni M, Orlandi M, Taglialatela-Scafati O, Galli P. Cytotoxic Compounds from Alcyoniidae: An Overview of the Last 30 Years. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:134. [PMID: 35200663 PMCID: PMC8874409 DOI: 10.3390/md20020134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The octocoral family Alcyoniidae represents a rich source of bioactive substances with intriguing and unique structural features. This review aims to provide an updated overview of the compounds isolated from Alcyoniidae and displaying potential cytotoxic activity. In order to allow a better comparison among the bioactive compounds, we focused on molecules evaluated in vitro by using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, by far the most widely used method to analyze cell proliferation and viability. Specifically, we surveyed the last thirty years of research, finding 153 papers reporting on 344 compounds with proven cytotoxicity. The data were organized in tables to provide a ranking of the most active compounds, to be exploited for the selection of the most promising candidates for further screening and pre-clinical evaluation as anti-cancer agents. Specifically, we found that (22S,24S)-24-methyl-22,25-epoxyfurost-5-ene-3β,20β-diol (16), 3β,11-dihydroxy-24-methylene-9,11-secocholestan-5-en-9-one (23), (24S)-ergostane-3β,5α,6β,25 tetraol (146), sinulerectadione (227), sinulerectol C (229), and cladieunicellin I (277) exhibited stronger cytotoxicity than their respective positive control and that their mechanism of action has not yet been further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Cerri
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy;
| | - Francesco Saliu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences DISAT, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; (D.M.); (S.M.); (D.S.); (L.Z.); (F.G.); (M.L.); (M.O.); (P.G.)
| | - Davide Maggioni
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences DISAT, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; (D.M.); (S.M.); (D.S.); (L.Z.); (F.G.); (M.L.); (M.O.); (P.G.)
- MaRHE Centre (Marine Research and High Education Center), Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll 12030, Maldives
| | - Simone Montano
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences DISAT, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; (D.M.); (S.M.); (D.S.); (L.Z.); (F.G.); (M.L.); (M.O.); (P.G.)
- MaRHE Centre (Marine Research and High Education Center), Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll 12030, Maldives
| | - Davide Seveso
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences DISAT, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; (D.M.); (S.M.); (D.S.); (L.Z.); (F.G.); (M.L.); (M.O.); (P.G.)
- MaRHE Centre (Marine Research and High Education Center), Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll 12030, Maldives
| | - Silvia Lavorano
- Costa Edutainment SpA—Acquario di Genova, Area Porto Antico, Ponte Spinola, 16128 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Luca Zoia
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences DISAT, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; (D.M.); (S.M.); (D.S.); (L.Z.); (F.G.); (M.L.); (M.O.); (P.G.)
| | - Fabio Gosetti
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences DISAT, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; (D.M.); (S.M.); (D.S.); (L.Z.); (F.G.); (M.L.); (M.O.); (P.G.)
| | - Marina Lasagni
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences DISAT, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; (D.M.); (S.M.); (D.S.); (L.Z.); (F.G.); (M.L.); (M.O.); (P.G.)
| | - Marco Orlandi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences DISAT, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; (D.M.); (S.M.); (D.S.); (L.Z.); (F.G.); (M.L.); (M.O.); (P.G.)
| | | | - Paolo Galli
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences DISAT, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; (D.M.); (S.M.); (D.S.); (L.Z.); (F.G.); (M.L.); (M.O.); (P.G.)
- MaRHE Centre (Marine Research and High Education Center), Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll 12030, Maldives
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Recent Advances in the Chemistry and Therapeutic Evaluation of Naturally Occurring and Synthetic Withanolides. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030886. [PMID: 35164150 PMCID: PMC8840339 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products are a major source of biologically active compounds that make promising lead molecules for developing efficacious drug-like molecules. Natural withanolides are found in many flora and fauna, including plants, algae, and corals, that traditionally have shown multiple health benefits and are known for their anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-leishmaniasis, and many other medicinal properties. Structures of these withanolides possess a few reactive sites that can be exploited to design and synthesize more potent and safe analogs. In this review, we discuss the literature evidence related to the medicinal implications, particularly anticancer properties of natural withanolides and their synthetic analogs, and provide perspectives on the translational potential of these promising compounds.
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Abstract
Covering: March 2010 to December 2020. Previous review: Nat. Prod. Rep., 2011, 28, 705This review summarizes the latest progress and perspectives on the structural classification, biological activities and mechanisms, metabolism and pharmacokinetic investigations, biosynthesis, chemical synthesis and structural modifications, as well as future research directions of the promising natural withanolides. The literature from March 2010 to December 2020 is reviewed, and 287 references are cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Yang Xia
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China. .,Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Shi-Jie Cao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Li-Xia Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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9
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Elkhouly HB, Attia EZ, Khedr AIM, Samy MN, Fouad MA. Recent updates on Sinularia soft coral. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:1152-1196. [PMID: 34579632 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666210927152249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Marine organisms are recognized as a rich source of bioactive secondary metabolites. The remarkable abundance and diversity of bioactive small molecules isolated from soft corals displayed their essential role in drug discovery for human diseases. Sterols and terpenes, particularly cembranolides, 14-membered cyclic diterpene, demonstrated numerous biological activities, such as antitumor, antimicrobial, antiviral, antidiabetic, anti-osteoporosis and anti-inflammatory. Accordingly, continuous investigation of marine soft corals will be the way for the discovery of a plentiful number of chemical diverse natural products with various biological potentials for prospective pharmaceutical industrial applications. Such review affords plenary inspection of the total secondary metabolites isolated from the Sinularia, from 2008 until 2020, besides their natural sources as well as bioactivities whenever possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa Bahaa Elkhouly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia. Egypt
| | - Eman Zekry Attia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia. Egypt
| | | | - Mamdouh Nabil Samy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia. Egypt
| | - Mostafa Ahmed Fouad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia. Egypt
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10
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Chemical Diversity and Biological Activity of Secondary Metabolites from Soft Coral Genus Sinularia since 2013. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19060335. [PMID: 34208171 PMCID: PMC8230912 DOI: 10.3390/md19060335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sinularia is one of the conspicuous soft coral species widely distributed in the world’s oceans at a depth of about 12 m. Secondary metabolites from the genus Sinularia show great chemical diversity. More than 700 secondary metabolites have been reported to date, including terpenoids, norterpenoids, steroids/steroidal glycosides, and other types. They showed a broad range of potent biological activities. There were detailed reviews on the terpenoids from Sinularia in 2013, and now, it still plays a vital role in the innovation of lead compounds for drug development. The structures, names, and pharmacological activities of compounds isolated from the genus Sinularia from 2013 to March 2021 are summarized in this review.
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Mayer AMS, Guerrero AJ, Rodríguez AD, Taglialatela-Scafati O, Nakamura F, Fusetani N. Marine Pharmacology in 2016-2017: Marine Compounds with Antibacterial, Antidiabetic, Antifungal, Anti-Inflammatory, Antiprotozoal, Antituberculosis and Antiviral Activities; Affecting the Immune and Nervous Systems, and Other Miscellaneous Mechanisms of Action. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:49. [PMID: 33494402 PMCID: PMC7910995 DOI: 10.3390/md19020049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The review of the 2016-2017 marine pharmacology literature was prepared in a manner similar as the 10 prior reviews of this series. Preclinical marine pharmacology research during 2016-2017 assessed 313 marine compounds with novel pharmacology reported by a growing number of investigators from 54 countries. The peer-reviewed literature reported antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral activities for 123 marine natural products, 111 marine compounds with antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activities as well as affecting the immune and nervous system, while in contrast 79 marine compounds displayed miscellaneous mechanisms of action which upon further investigation may contribute to several pharmacological classes. Therefore, in 2016-2017, the preclinical marine natural product pharmacology pipeline generated both novel pharmacology as well as potentially new lead compounds for the growing clinical marine pharmaceutical pipeline, and thus sustained with its contributions the global research for novel and effective therapeutic strategies for multiple disease categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro M. S. Mayer
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA;
| | - Aimee J. Guerrero
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA;
| | - Abimael D. Rodríguez
- Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, 1390 Ponce de León Avenue, San Juan, PR 00926, USA;
| | | | - Fumiaki Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan;
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Liu J, Wu X, Yang M, Gu YC, Yao LG, Huan XJ, Miao ZH, Luo H, Guo YW. Erectsterates A and B, a pair of novel highly degraded steroid derivatives from the South China Sea soft coral Sinularia erecta. Steroids 2020; 161:108681. [PMID: 32590045 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Two novel steroidal derivatives, erectsterates A (1) and B (2), a pair of epimers at C-10, were isolated from the South China Sea soft coral Sinularia erecta. Their structures were established by extensive spectroscopic analysis and deduction from biosynthesis route. Compounds 1 and 2 are rare steroids with a highly degradation in ring B and an ester linkage between A and C/D rings, similar with the known compounds chaxines B (3) and D from an edible mushroom Agrocybe chaxingu. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of such kind of steroid from soft coral. And a different biosynthetic route from the reported approach of chaxines was proposed in this paper. Interestingly, the ring C of 1 and 2 was formally oxidized by Baeyer-Villiger reaction to provide an unprecedented seven-membered lactone moiety in ring C of steroid. The in vitro anti-proliferative activities of 2 were evaluated against A549, HT-29, SNU-398 and Capan-1 cell lines. The results indicated that it showed weak cytotoxicity against the tested four cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555, Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Min Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555, Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Gu
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, United Kingdom
| | - Li-Gong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555, Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xia-Juan Huan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555, Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ze-Hong Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555, Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui Luo
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China.
| | - Yue-Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555, Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), 1 Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei, Jimo, Qingdao 266237, China.
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13
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Sang VT, Dat TTH, Vinh LB, Cuong LCV, Oanh PTT, Ha H, Kim YH, Anh HLT, Yang SY. Coral and Coral-Associated Microorganisms: A Prolific Source of Potential Bioactive Natural Products. Mar Drugs 2019; 17. [PMID: 31405226 DOI: 10.3390/md1708046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine invertebrates and their associated microorganisms are rich sources of bioactive compounds. Among them, coral and its associated microorganisms are promising providers of marine bioactive compounds. The present review provides an overview of bioactive compounds that are produced by corals and coral-associated microorganisms, covering the literature from 2010 to March 2019. Accordingly, 245 natural products that possess a wide range of potent bioactivities, such as anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, antivirus, and antifouling activities, among others, are described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vo Thanh Sang
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City 748000, Vietnam
| | - Ton That Huu Dat
- Mientrung Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 321 Huynh Thuc Khang, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue 531600, Vietnam
| | - Le Ba Vinh
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Le Canh Viet Cuong
- Mientrung Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 321 Huynh Thuc Khang, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue 531600, Vietnam
| | - Phung Thi Thuy Oanh
- Mientrung Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 321 Huynh Thuc Khang, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue 531600, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Ha
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi 122300, Vietnam
| | - Young Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Hoang Le Tuan Anh
- Mientrung Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 321 Huynh Thuc Khang, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue 531600, Vietnam.
- Graduated University of Science and Technology, VAST, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi 122300, Vietnam.
| | - Seo Young Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
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14
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Sang VT, Dat TTH, Vinh LB, Cuong LCV, Oanh PTT, Ha H, Kim YH, Anh HLT, Yang SY. Coral and Coral-Associated Microorganisms: A Prolific Source of Potential Bioactive Natural Products. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E468. [PMID: 31405226 PMCID: PMC6723858 DOI: 10.3390/md17080468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine invertebrates and their associated microorganisms are rich sources of bioactive compounds. Among them, coral and its associated microorganisms are promising providers of marine bioactive compounds. The present review provides an overview of bioactive compounds that are produced by corals and coral-associated microorganisms, covering the literature from 2010 to March 2019. Accordingly, 245 natural products that possess a wide range of potent bioactivities, such as anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, antivirus, and antifouling activities, among others, are described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vo Thanh Sang
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City 748000, Vietnam
| | - Ton That Huu Dat
- Mientrung Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 321 Huynh Thuc Khang, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue 531600, Vietnam
| | - Le Ba Vinh
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Le Canh Viet Cuong
- Mientrung Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 321 Huynh Thuc Khang, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue 531600, Vietnam
| | - Phung Thi Thuy Oanh
- Mientrung Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 321 Huynh Thuc Khang, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue 531600, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Ha
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi 122300, Vietnam
| | - Young Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Hoang Le Tuan Anh
- Mientrung Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 321 Huynh Thuc Khang, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue 531600, Vietnam.
- Graduated University of Science and Technology, VAST, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi 122300, Vietnam.
| | - Seo Young Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
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15
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Pleurotus ostreatus as a Biocatalyst to Obtain Bicyclic Hydroxylactones with Three or Four Methyl Groups. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9080643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to explore microbial transformations in cultures of basidiomycetes Pleurotus ostreatus, two bicyclic unsaturated lactones occurring in the form of two diastereoisomers. Some of these strains were able to transform unsaturated lactones into four known and three new derivatives. The structures of all lactones were established on the basis of spectroscopic data. Both substrates and products caused a complete inhibition of growth of A. alternata and F. linii strains.
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Lin YC, Chao CH, Ahmed AF, Chen YY, Hwang TL, Liu HY, Sheu JH. Withanolides and 26-Hydroxylated Derivatives with Anti-Inflammatory Property from Solanum Capsicoide. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20180225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- You-Cheng Lin
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hua Chao
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Atallah F. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yang-Yih Chen
- Department of Marine Environment and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine and Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Yih Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Horng Sheu
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Frontier Center for Ocean Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
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17
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Abstract
Covering: January to December 2017This review covers the literature published in 2017 for marine natural products (MNPs), with 740 citations (723 for the period January to December 2017) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, mangroves and other intertidal plants and microorganisms. The emphasis is on new compounds (1490 in 477 papers for 2017), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Reviews, biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that led to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included. Geographic distributions of MNPs at a phylogenetic level are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Carroll
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia. and Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Brent R Copp
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rohan A Davis
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Robert A Keyzers
- Centre for Biodiscovery, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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Ling YS, Lim LR, Yong YS, Tamin O, Puah PY. MS-based metabolomics revealing Bornean Sinularia sp. extract dysregulated lipids triggering programmed cell death in Hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Prod Res 2018; 34:1796-1803. [PMID: 30587039 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1531288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Soft coral, Sinularia sp. had been proven to inherit promising anti-cancer properties against variety of cancer. Current study, Sinularia sp. extract was introduced to Hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep 3B). Cell viability assay indicated the extract exhibit a dose and time dependent cytotoxicity. LC50 exhibited the lowest at 72 h post treatment estimated as 45.3 µg/mL. Morphological alterations including nuclear condensation, cytoplasm shrinkage and deformed cellular shape in treated Hep 3B were observable. Chemometric analysis revealed hydrophobic metabolites were significantly altered. Elevated vitamin D and derivatives tend to up-regulation Ca2+ and ROS subsequently triggering apoptosis. Dysregulated glycerolipids may suggest that they were biotransformed to compensate the needs of phospholipids during cell damage. Perturbation of sphingolipids, ceramide and carbohydrate-conjugated ceramides species increased the release of pro-apoptotic components reside within mitochondria and promote programmed cell death in treated Hep 3B. To conclude, MS-based metabolomics enabled the characterization of Sinularia sp. extract-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Soon Ling
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Sabah, Malaysia.,Water Research Unit, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Leong Rui Lim
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Yoong Soon Yong
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Oriana Tamin
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Perng Yang Puah
- Faculty of Sciences and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Sabah, Malaysia
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Knoch E, Sugawara S, Mori T, Poulsen C, Fukushima A, Harholt J, Fujimoto Y, Umemoto N, Saito K. Third DWF1 paralog in Solanaceae, sterol Δ 24-isomerase, branches withanolide biosynthesis from the general phytosterol pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E8096-E8103. [PMID: 30082386 PMCID: PMC6112714 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1807482115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A large part of chemodiversity of plant triterpenes is due to the modification of their side chains. Reduction or isomerization of double bonds in the side chains is often an important step for the diversification of triterpenes, although the enzymes involved are not fully understood. Withanolides are a large group of structurally diverse C28 steroidal lactones derived from 24-methylenecholesterol. These compounds are found in the Indian medicinal plant Withania somnifera, also known as ashwagandha, and other members of the Solanaceae. The pathway for withanolide biosynthesis is unknown, preventing sustainable production via white biotechnology and downstream pharmaceutical usages. In the present study, based on genome and transcriptome data we have identified a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of withanolides: a DWF1 paralog encoding a sterol Δ24-isomerase (24ISO). 24ISO originated from DWF1 after two subsequent duplication events in Solanoideae plants. Withanolides and 24ISO appear only in the medicinal plants in the Solanoideae, not in crop plants such as potato and tomato, indicating negative selection during domestication. 24ISO is a unique isomerase enzyme evolved from a reductase and as such has maintained the FAD-binding oxidoreductase structure and requirement for NADPH. Using phylogenetic, metabolomic, and gene expression analysis in combination with heterologous expression and virus-induced gene silencing, we showed that 24ISO catalyzes the conversion of 24-methylenecholesterol to 24-methyldesmosterol. We propose that this catalytic step is the committing step in withanolide biosynthesis, opening up elucidation of the whole pathway and future larger-scale sustainable production of withanolides and related compounds with pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Knoch
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Satoko Sugawara
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mori
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | | | - Atsushi Fukushima
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | | | - Yoshinori Fujimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Umemoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan;
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
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Anti-Inflammatory Lobane and Prenyleudesmane Diterpenoids from the Soft Coral Lobophytum varium. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15100300. [PMID: 28961211 PMCID: PMC5666408 DOI: 10.3390/md15100300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
New lobane-based diterpenoids lobovarols A–D (1–4) and a prenyleudesmane-type diterpenoid lobovarol E (5) along with seven known related diterpenoids (6–12) were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of a Taiwanese soft coral Lobophytum varium. Their structures were identified on the basis of multiple spectroscopic analyses and spectral comparison. The absolute configuration at C-16 of the known compound 11 is reported herein for the first time. The anti-inflammatory activities of compounds 1–12 were assessed by measuring their inhibitory effect on N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenyl-alanine/cytochalasin B (fMLP/CB)-induced superoxide anion generation and elastase release in human neutrophils. Metabolites 2, 5, and 11 were found to show moderate inhibitory activity on the generation of superoxide anion, while compounds 5, 8, 11, and 12 could effectively suppress elastase release in fMLP/CB-stimulated human neutrophil cells at 10 μM. All of the isolated diterpenoids did not exhibit cytotoxic activity (IC50 > 50 μM) towards a limited panel of cancer cell lines.
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Bioactive Steroids with Methyl Ester Group in the Side Chain from a Reef Soft Coral Sinularia brassica Cultured in a Tank. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15090280. [PMID: 28862648 PMCID: PMC5618419 DOI: 10.3390/md15090280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A continuing chemical investigation of the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract of a reef soft coral Sinularia brassica, which was cultured in a tank, afforded four new steroids with methyl ester groups, sinubrasones A–D (1–4) for the first time. In particular, 1 possesses a β-d-xylopyranose. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses. The cytotoxicities of compounds 1–4 against the proliferation of a limited panel of cancer cell lines were assayed. The anti-inflammatory activities of these new compounds 1–4 were also evaluated by measuring their ability to suppress superoxide anion generation and elastase release in N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine/cytochalasin B (fMLP/CB)-induced human neutrophils. Compounds 2 and 3 were shown to exhibit significant cytotoxicity, and compounds 3 and 4 were also found to display attracting anti-inflammatory activities.
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